Effective

Mathematics Teaching Practice #3

Use and Connect Mathematical Representations
Effective teaching of mathematics engages students in making connections
among mathematical representations to deepen understanding of mathematics
concepts and procedures and as tools for problem solving.

Visual: Illustrate, show, or work

with mathematical ideas using
Physical: Use concrete objects diagrams, pictures, number lines,
or gestures to show, study, graphs, and other math drawings.
act upon, or manipulate
mathematical ideas
(e.g., counters,
tiles, cubes,
paper strips, arms). Symbolic: Record or
work with mathematical
ideas using numerals,
variables, equations,
Contextual: Situate tables, and other
mathematical ideas symbols.
in everyday, real-world,
imaginary, or geometric Verbal: Use language (words and phrases) to
situations and contexts. interpret, discuss, define, or describe
mathematical ideas, bridging concept-based
(informal) and formal mathematical language.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2014). Principles to actions:

Ensuring mathematical success for all. Reston, VA: NCTM.

Writing Team: Steve Leinwand, Daniel J. Brahier, DeAnn Huinker,

Robert Q. Berry III, Frederick L. Dillon, Matthew R. Larson,
Miriam A. Leiva, W. Gary Martin, and Margaret S. Smith.

http://www.nctm.org/principlestoactions

Handout developed by Dr. DeAnn Huinker, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (version 04-29-2019).