IELTS VOCABULARY

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1. Advertisement (less formal - ads) - UK /əd

ˈvɜː.tɪs.mənt/, US /æd.vɝːˈtaɪz.mənt/ a picture, short
film, song, etc. that tries to persuade people to buy a
product or service, or a piece of text that tells people
about a job
2. Advertise – to tell the public about a product or
service on TV or online in order to sell it
3. Astronomical prices – extremely high prices
4. Attention-grabbing – attracting people's notice;
striking

5. Attract attention - to make someone notice someone or something (to attract

custome’s attention – привлечь внимание клиента)
6. Billboard - a flat surface or board, usually outdoors, on which large
advertisements or notices are posted
7. Brand - an identifying symbol, mark, logo, name, word, and/or sentence that
companies use to distinguish their product from others
8. Brand awareness - how well people know a particular brand, узнаваемость
бренда (to create brand awareness, to increase brand awareness)
9. Brand loyalty – the degree to which people continue to buy from the same brand
or company (to build brand loyalty, to increase brand loyalty)
10. Campaign – a systematic set of activities for some specific purpose (a sales
campaign – кампания по стимулированию продаж)
11. Catchy jingle - the cute/cool song that is in all the ads for a certain
product/brand/service
12. Catchy tunes – a tune that is pleasing and easy to remember (запоминающаяся
мелодия/мотив, прилипчивая мелодия)
13. Call to action – (in advertising material) a piece of content intended to induce a
viewer, reader, or listener to perform a specific act, typically taking the form of an
instruction or directive, призыв к действию (e.g. buy now or click here). All spam
has some call to action that typically urges the user to visit a website.
14. Cautionary advertisements – advertisement that warns people about
something, for example, dangers of smoking.
15. Celebrity endorsement – a marketing strategy whose purpose is to use one or
multiple celebrities to advertise a specific product or service (привлечение к
рекламе знаменитостей, одобрение или отзывы знаменитостей в рекламе)
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16. Classified ads - a small advertisement that you put

in a newspaper or a magazine, usually because you
want to sell or buy something, or offer or find a job
(объявления, коммерческая реклама)
17. Commercial - a television or radio advertisement
18. Cold-call – to call or visit a possible customer to
try to sell them something without being asked by the
customer to do so. “We were cold-called by a
company offering savings on our phone bill”.

19. Covert advertising – marketing programs where advertisers do not publicly

declare or acknowledge their investment. Covert advertising can also be described
as hidden or secret advertising (скрытая реклама).
20. Customer – a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business
21. Customer support - Customer support is a service provided to help customers
resolve any technical problems (служба поддержки)
22. Delivery – the action of delivering letters, parcels, or good (доставка)
23. Flashy advertisements – looking too bright, big, and expensive in a way that is
intended to get attention and adminarion (кричащий)
24. Flooded with spam messages/emails – to receive so many spam messages or
emails that you can no longer deal with them
25. Guerilla marketing - any form of marketing that is original, unusual, and not
expensive (партизанский маркетинг)
26. Internet ads – a form of marketing and advertising which uses the Internet to
deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers
27. Internet pop-ups – pop-up ads are advertisments that show up in a new browser
window without the user selecting to open it
28. Informative – providing useful or interesting information
29. Informed choice - a decision made after considering options based on adequate
and accurate information and knowledge, осознанный выбор. “Good information is
essential if people are to make informed choices about services.”
30. Improved features – улучшенные свойства, функции
31. Junk mail - unwanted promotional leaflets and letters
32. Launch a product – to introduce a new product for sale for the first time and
attracting people’s attention to it
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33. Leaflet – a piece of paper that gives you information or advertises something,
листовка. “Demonstrators handed out leaflets to passers-by”
34. Make a purchase – to buy something
35. Marketing strategy – a business' overall game plan for reaching prospective
consumers and turning them into customers of the products or services the business
provides
36. Marketing efforts of brands - the resources a company dedicates to promoting
its products and services. Through marketing activities, a company can create
demand and interest in its items and gain greater visibility with potential customers
37. Mass media - large media outlets like TV, newspapers and magazines
38. Misleading words/statements – words or statements that give you a wrong idea
or impression
39. Prime time – the time when the largest number of people are watching or
listening
40. Product placement – to advertise a product by using it as a prop in a TV show or
film
41. Profit – a financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned
and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something
42. Promotional flyers – a form of paper advertisement intended for wide
distribution and typically posted or distributed in a public place, handed out to
individuals or sent through the mail
43. Provocative advertisements – a form of advertising that is shocking,
controversial, and disturbing
44. Purchase – to buy
45. Rival companies – companies that compete with each other in the same area

46. Roadside ad - arge poster billboard sites that are

located in high-trafficked and busy locations such as
on the side of roads or motorways. The purpose of
roadside advertising is to help small and large
businesses market and promote their products,
services or message.
47. Slogan - a short and striking or memorable phrase
used in advertising (“entertaining slogan”, “attention-
grabbing slogan”)
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48. SMM (social media marketing) - the use of social media websites and social
networks to market a company's products and services
49. Spam – irrelevant or unsolicited messages sent over the internet, typically to a
large number of users, for the purposes of advertising, phishing, spreading malware,
etc.
50. Target audience - the people a company want to sell their product or service to
51. To promote – to encourage people to like, buy, use, do, or support something
52. Unethical marketing – marketing practice that may include intentionally evoking
rage or sadness to manipulate consumer decisions, using fear tactics, targeting
disadvantaged people or tricking customers into buying a product or service
53. Viral – suddenly and widely popular, commonly used as “to go viral”
54. Visually appealing – attractive, visually pleasing (of an image, advertisement)
55. Word of mouth - recommendations made by individuals to other individuals
about a product of service (сарафанное радио, из уст в уста)

Some phrases and collocations:

My facebook/newsfeed/email inbox is drowning in ads

My facebook/newsfeed/email inbox is flooded with ads/spam mails
To be increasingly surrounded by advertisements
We are bombarded by advertisements from companies persuading us to buy their products and
services
People’s real needs
Appeal to people’s attention
To impact people’s choices
To show adverts
To display adverts on TV
To enhance the quality of life
To impose restrictions on the marketing of tobacco and alcohol
To hook children (цепляют детей)
Children’s vulnerability (уязвимость детей)
The influence of marketing on minors (влияние маркетинга на несовершеннолетних)
Children might be manipulated by a commercial
Children are gullible (дети доверчивы)
A surge in online advertising (всплеск, резкий рост онлайн рекламы)
The companies violate ethical marketing codes (компании нарушают этический кодекс,
этические нормы)
To shield children from marketing (защищать детей от маркетинга)
To ban adverts
To change people’s buying behavior
To be wary of false advertising (опасаться/остерегаться ложной рекламы)
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SOME IDEAS ABOUT THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF

ADVERTISING ON SOCIETY:
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Additonal: An article about advertising that you may find helpful for IELTS
Page 1

Why Advertising Is Important In Today’s Economy

When one starts a business or is running a business, one needs to make people
aware of the fact. Promotion is important for any type of business to let others know
about the business. Any type of business, whether it is run online or offline requires
customers so that it can experience a good business turnaround. However, the only
means of reaching customers is advertising. This is why advertising is important for
a business. Once a business advertises about its products and services, it is able to
run in a competitive environment.

Advertising is important for every aspect of a business. It plays an imperative role

for both manufacturers and consumers. Advertising is important for the business on
the whole as it lets the business gain more customers, thereby increasing business
turnaround.

Advertising can be achieved using various media like television, newspapers, radio,
banners, pamphlets, websites etc. Each advertising media has its own pros and cons
and one must evaluate all of them before selecting a particular media. The main
thing that needs to be considered is that the advertising medium selected must be
able to reach a large number of customers.

Generally, businesses hire the services of an advertising agency to promote their

products and services. The advertising agency selected by the business owner can
handle the entire advertisement campaign and all aspects of the companies
Marketing. This way the businessmen can focus on other aspects of the business and
need not worry about how to attract more customers. The advertising agency
handles the entire process of promoting a product or service by breaking it down
into stages and then working on each stage.

Why advertising is important for business and consumers?

The sole purpose of a business is to sell products and services to earn profits.
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The consumers on the other hand will never get to know about the products and
services if they are not advertised. Advertisements help the consumers to make
decisions regarding which product and service to buy. With the help of
advertisements, a consumer gets the best possible options.

Today, the advertising industry has become a huge industry because of the large
number of products and services being offered. As a result, the competition has also
increased, requiring every businessman to promote his products and services in the
best possible manner. This has further led to the development of new advertising
techniques and an increase in the number of advertising agencies which are
available today. The aim of every promotional campaign is to enable the products to
reach the right people by increasing the awareness about the product, its benefits
and drawbacks. This is important for the success of a business.

(Source:https://adarmygroup.com/2019/07/why-advertising-is-important-in-todays-economy/)

The Negative Influence of Advertising

Negative Effects of Advertising on Society

For all the positive potential in advertising, the reality is that it frequently influences
society in negative ways. One negative aspect of advertising is its potential to feed
into unrealistic expectations, breed discontentment and influence our thought
processes in ways that are beyond our control. This happens partly because we are
consuming the advertisements as individuals but also because the advertisements
influence the wider culture that shapes us.Things like materialism, workaholism,
unhealthy lifestyle habits, alcoholism, political mudslinging and unrealistic views of
body image in advertisements negatively shape our culture and impact the most
vulnerable among us. While outright lies are not allowed in advertising, lies of
omission are common, and advertisements frequently prey on our emotions to get us
to buy into what they are telling us.
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Page 3

Negative Effects of Advertising on Children

Children have a hard time distinguishing between ads and television programming,
and they lack the developed intuition to alert them when persuasion is at play. They
are vulnerable to advertisements because they are more likely to accept them as
reality, without the critical-thinking skills necessary to ask important questions.
Children tend to believe what they are told. Advertisers often hook in children
through advertising in ways that continue to influence them well into adulthood. In a
2014 study by Connel, Brucks and Nielsen, we learned that childhood
advertisements can create biases that last well into adulthood. Study participants
rated unhealthy products advertised to them as children as healthier and more
harmless than they really were. Thankfully, a simple awareness of this bias was its
antidote.

Negative Effects of Negative Campaign Ads

According to the Wesleyan Media Project, campaign ads have become increasingly
negative over past election cycles. Consumers are often disturbed by these
advertisements and might change the channel but not when they agree with what is
being said. Negative campaign ads tend to fuel a vicious cycle, where both sides fling
ads back and forth in a futile, narcissistic, tantrum-like attempt to make their
opponents look worse and worse while making themselves look better.Mud slinging
in negative campaign ads creates an environment where it is difficult to escape an
accusatory mindset. Scroll through your social media news feed during an election
cycle, and you are likely to see intense arguments and insults among "friends" who
normally would not act that way. There is no guarantee that more fair-minded
political advertisements would cure this issue, but since advertisements shape
culture, it certainly would not hurt.

Negative Effects of Drug Advertisements

Drug advertisements are advantageous in that they make consumers aware of

treatment options that they might not otherwise know about. However, they also
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tend to tout the benefits of the drug in a louder voice and the risks in a softer or
faster voice with the distraction of happy-looking people on the screen. As a result,
some physicians are concerned that their patients are not as aware of the risks
involved with a particular drug as they are with the benefits.Since advertising slots
can be expensive, smaller companies or alternative medicine options are usually not
advertised as much as those produced by large pharmaceutical companies. Because
of this, consumers are often not aware of a broad range of options for addressing
health and wellness. Seeking medical care from a professional who is well versed in a
wide variety of treatment options could help cover a patient's blind spots.

Advertisements and Body Image

During certain times of the year, advertisements about diet, exercise and weight loss
are almost everywhere you look. Images of extreme thinness and a negative view
toward those who are larger, as well as exaggerated claims about the effectiveness
of dieting, can negatively impact body image and sense of self-worth, especially in
young people. Dishonesty that labels diet programs and lifestyle changes as always
positive further persuades vulnerable people to engage in choices that might not be
the right fit for them physically, developmentally or emotionally.

The diet industry is worth $66 billion in the U.S. alone, and it often earns money from
people struggling with self-worth and acceptance. When children or people with low
self-worth view advertisements that associate increased thinness with increased
self-worth, they often want to buy the products advertised.

In response, the consumer's efforts that begin with slight restrictions in food or
increases in exercise can become more intense over time and even develop into
eating disorders. These vulnerable people are often unaware of how severely
advertisements or other cultural influences are impacting them, that diets are often
not effective and that they might not always contribute to overall health.

Advertising and Social Media

Globally, people spend an average of 135 minutes on social media each day.
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Businesses and marketers have begun to capitalize on this reality through
advertisements. While most people engage in social media to connect with others, in
the process they are bombarded with professionally placed ads and friends selling
things, all of whom are trying to persuade them to spend their money.

The increase in direct sellers offering their products on social media means that the
lines between friends and salespeople are blurred. People often feel offended when a
friend they have not heard from in ages reaches out to them not to connect but
rather to try to sell something or get them to join their direct-selling team.

Even those doing the selling can become confused about the boundaries, as they
often copy and paste scripts offered by their companies, who have convinced them
that they are doing a service to their friends by selling to them. They may even feel
grateful to the company for inspiring them to reconnect with old friends, while those
same friends are actually resenting the seller for having ulterior motives.

Addressing Vulnerability to Advertising

Many countries around the world recognize the negative influence of advertising on
vulnerable people, including children. Countries such as Sweden, Norway, Brazil,
Mexico, Chile and England have all restricted advertising that targets children. Some
countries have only restricted junk food and candy advertisements, while others
have restricted all advertising to children under the age of 12 or 16. These efforts
help protect the most vulnerable among us: children, who are less able to distinguish
true from false or identify when someone is trying to persuade them of something.

In addition to governmental efforts to protect vulnerable populations from the

negative influence of advertising, individuals and families also play a role. Once they
have awareness, parents can choose to:
Limit screen time
Mute commercials
Purchase television subscriptions that do away with advertisements
Engage in discussions about advertisements with their children

(Source: https://bizfluent.com/info-8196648-negative-influence-advertising.html)