SCIENCE 4 REVIEWER (3RD MONTHLY)

Light - is form of energy that travels in straight line and in all directions.
Transparent materials – allows almost all of light to pass through them.
Translucent materials – allows only some of the light to pass through them.
Opaque materials – do not allow any light to pass through them.
Absorption – when an opaque object blocks the path of light.
Reflection – bouncing of light.
Refraction – bending of light.
Prism – a piece of glass or other see-through material that have several flat sides.
Vibration – it produces sound
Sound wave – particles of air are pushed together in a particular pattern.
Pitch – the degree of lowness or highness of a sound.
Loudness – how strong is when heard. It is measured by decibels.
Echo – reflection of sound. When a sound wave strikes a smooth, hard surface, it bounces back.
Sound absorption – a process in which sound energy is reduced when sound waves pass
through a medium.
Molecules – particles that made up all matter.
Heat – the total energy of all the moving molecules in an object.
Calorimeter- device that use to measure the amount of heat.
Temperature – the average energy of the molecules in an object. It is also the degree of hotness
or coldness of an object.
Thermometer – device that use to measure the temperature.
-the faster the molecule move, the hotter the object is.
-When the molecules heated, they begin to vibrate, colliding with the molecules nearest them.
Conduction – is the transfer of heat energy through matter by direct contact of its particles.
Conductors – materials which allow heat to pass through them quickly and quickly.
Insulators – they do not allow heat to pass through them easily and quickly.
-molecules of liquids and gases can freely move about.
Convection – the transfer of heat energy by the movement of matter.
Convection current – the circular movement of the heated liquid.
-When warm air expands and rises while cold, denser air sinks.
Radiation – the transfer of heat energy in the form of waves through space.
Radiant energy – the energy that travels through radiation.
Vitamin D- important for the development of stronger bone.
Overillumination – a form of light pollution wherein the amount of light needed for a specific
activity is too much.
Noise – unpleasant sound or unwanted sound.
Noise pollution – an increase in population, fast-paced technology, and urbanization
contributes to too much noise in an area.
Thermotherapy – an inexpensive and drug-less way of helping treat a number of problems
related ailments, especially neck and back pains.
Sunburn – a serious damage to the surface of the skin.
Dehydration – lack of water in the body.
Heat exhaustion – nausea and weakness.
Heat stroke – wherein the body temperature drastically rises and causes some systems of the
body to malfunction.
Soil – the top layer of Earth’s surface.
Sand – has the biggest particle. It is coarse and rocky. It is the driest type of soil.
Silt – have smaller particles than sand. It has a similar texture to clay. It is the combination of
sand and clay. Silt is good for growing grasses such as cogon.
Clay – is made of very tiny pieces of rocks, and has smallest particles. When wet, it is smooth
and sticky, and when dry, it is hard and rough. It is also the heaviest type of soil. Suitable for
plants like peanut and rice crops.
Loam – is gritty and contains pieces of plant parts. It is best for planting. It can also hold water
best among the four. It contains more nutrients, moisture, and humus.
Humus – a dark brown or black mass of decaying plant and animal matter.