FORCE THAT CAN CHANGE

THE SHAPE SIZE OR

MOVEMENT OF OBJECTS
PREPARED BY:
REYMART G. MADRIAGA
• A force is a push or pull, which occurs when two or
more objects interact with each other. The shape of
an object may change when force is applied on it.
 WAYS OF CHANGING THE SHAPE OF AN OBJECT.

• PUSHING which is marked by tactless forwardness.

• POUNDING which means to strike heavily or repeatedly.
• COMPRESSING which is reducing the size or volume
• BENDING something that curves.
• TWISTING which is marked by a long series of irregular curves.
• STRETCHING which is to make an object wider or longer by pulling.
• SQUEEZING which means to press together the parts on opposite sides.
 SOME OTHER WAYS OF CHANGING THE SHAPE
OF AN OBJECT.

DROPPING DISSOLVING
CUTTING SHREDDING
SHARPENING CHOPPING/SLICING
GRINDING CRUMPLING
MELTING
BREAKING
• The force applied to an object also affects the size of the object.
Some situations where force is applied and changed the size are
dropping a flower vase, pounding a Styrofoam cup, cutting a piece
of cardboard, sharpening a pencil, and grinding rice grains. Cutting,
melting, breaking, dissolving, shredding, chopping/slicing, and
crumpling are also some ways that change the size of objects.
• Aside from shape and size, force also affects the movement of an
object. This can be observed when an object is being pushed or
pulled. The movement of an object depends on the amount of force
exerted.
CHARACTERIZE
MAGNETIC FORCE
• Magnets have invisible magnetic field which are attracted to
certain metals. Magnets do not attract all metals. Objects made of
nickel, iron and cobalt are attracted to magnet. The ends of a
magnet are called its poles. Each pole may either be north pole or
south pole. A magnet always has both north pole and south pole.
When the poles of the two magnets are put near each other, they
have a force that will either pull them together or push them apart.
If the poles are different, then they will pull together, or attract each
other. Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
BAR MAGNET
RECTANGULAR MAGNET
HORSESHOE MAGNET
RING MAGNET
DESCRIBE HOW LIGHT,
SOUND AND HEAT
TRAVEL
• Heat is a form of energy associated with the
motion of particles and capable of being
transmitted through solid and liquid media
through conduction, convection and through
empty space by radiation. As a thermal energy,
it is transferred between bodies of different
temperature.
•For example, when you place a burning
charcoal in a pan with water, the charcoal
will transfer heat to the water. Another, when
you feel cold, you wear a coat or jacket or
even take hot soup to keep you warm.
• Conduction means the transfer of heat through solid materials.
• Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by movements in fluid (liquid and gas).
• Heat can be transmitted across empty space or vacuum by radiation.
• Vibration is when objects make sound, its particles move back and forth.
• When a vibration is slow, slow moving waves are produced.
When the vibrations fast, fast moving wave is produced until
such time that the vibration stops. A sound wave travels at
different speeds through different media. Sound travels
faster in solids than in liquids and in liquids than gases. The
loudness of a sound refers to how strong the sound seems to
us when it reaches our ears.
• It is measured in decibels (dB). Loud sound also means intense
sound. Sound loses intensity as it spreads outward in all directions
from the source. So, the loudness of a sound decreases between a
person and the source of the sound. The softness and/or loudness of
a sound is called volume. If the volume of the sound is controlled
there will be a varying degree of loudness. Pitch is the highness or
lowness of a sound. A sound wave travels at different speeds through
different media. Sound travels faster in solids than in liquids an in
liquids than in gases.
• As it travels, it often bumps to objects it encounters. If it hits hard
smooth surface, the wave reflects. That means that sound bounces
back, The sound that bounces back is called an echo. Whales,
among other sea animals, use echoes to move and find their way
through the murky depths of the deep ocean. They send out high-
pitched sounds (i.e. clicks) which are bounced of an object and
returned to the whale. Whales can determine the distance, texture,
shape and size of the object.
• This may help them in deciding where the prey and
the different objects around the ocean. Echolocation
is the transmission of sound waves to locate objects.
Most species of bats rely on echolocation to help
them find for food in complete darkness. The study of
echoes are very important to the navies because they
use echolocation called radar to locate such things as
other ships and the sea floor.
• Light can behave as both particles and wave. Light
always travels in a straight line when going through a
single medium, any substance through which light
wave can travel. In some, media, such as air, light
travels quickly. In other media, such as water and
glass, light travels more slowly.
• Light travels in straight lines. Sometimes it bounces back
into the direction of the source. We call this reflection.
Water, windows, shiny metal, and mirrors are just some of
the many objects that reflect light. As light travels, it
travels in a straight line. However, when light passes from
one material into a second material like mirror or water, the
light path is either bent or reflected back. The bending of
light is called refraction.
INVESTIGATE PROPERTIES AND
CHARACTERISTIC OF LIGHT
AND SOUND
• Light travels in straight lines. Sometimes it bounces
back into the direction of the source and we call this
as reflection. Water, windows, metals, and mirror are
just some of the many objects that reflect light. As
light travels, it travels in a straight line.
• However, when light passes from one material to
another like mirror or water, the light path is either
bent or reflected back.
• The loudness of a sound refers to how strong the sound
seems to us when it reaches our ears. Loud sound also
means intense sound.
• Sound loses intensity as it spreads outward in all
direction from the source. The softness and loudness of
a sound is called volume. If the volume of the sound is
controlled there will be varying degree of loudness.
• Nature of the materials affects the speed of sound. It travels
faster in solids due to compactness of the particles and
slowest in gas.
• A sound wave travels at different speeds through different
media. As it travels, it often bumps into objects it
encounters. If it hits a hard smooth surface, the wave
reflects. That means that the sound bounces back. The
sound wave that bounces back is called an echo.
• Whales, among other sea animals, use echoes to move and find their way
through the murky depths of the deep ocean. They send out high-pitched
sounds (i.e. clicks) which are bounced of an object and returned to the
whale. Whales can determine the distance, texture, shape and size of the
object. This may help them in deciding where the prey and the different
objects around the ocean. Echolocation is the transmission of sound
waves to locate objects. Most species of bats rely on echolocation to help
them find for food in complete darkness. The study of echoes are very
important to the navies because they use echolocation called radar to
locate such things as other ships and the sea floor.
• Too much light and sound is not good for us. People
who are exposed to loud noise for long periods may
suffer loss of hearing. Being aware of bad effects of
heat, light and sound could enable to us to come up
with the ways to protect ourselves from dangers they
may pose to our health.