Energy

Energy is defined as the capacity, or the ability to do work. The SI

unit of energy is the joule, J. It is a scalar quantity.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4b3oxO0WqE

Our main source of energy is the Sun. Plants rely of the Sun to make food (photosynthesis).
Energy is stored in the food we eat to live!

There are many different forms of energy and each form can be converted or transformed from
one to another. This is referred to as energy transformation or energy conversion.

Different types of energy

(i) Mechanical energy

(ii) Heat (or thermal) energy

(iii) Electrical energy

(iv) Chemical energy

(v) Nuclear energy

(vi) Light (or radiant) energy

(vii) Sound energy

Principle of conservation of energy

The principle of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy remains the
same in such conversions, i.e. energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Examples of energy conversions or energy transformations

i. Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy by batteries.

ii. Electrical energy is converted to light energy + heat energy by a light bulb.

iii. Electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy by a motor.

In all energy transformations, some energy is wasted. Almost all types of energy is converted to
the 'needed' energy and heat energy. Example, in a light bulb, electrical energy is converted to
light energy + heat energy. The heat energy is considered wasted energy because we don't need
the heat from the bulb.