Vidhya Sanskar School

Gokarneshwor Municipality-08, Kathmandu

Online Session-2077

Class: TEN Subject Science

Chapter-1
FORCE
Numerical problems continued….
4. When the masses of bodies change but the distance
between them remains the same.

#What change in gravitational force is seen between two

bodies if their masses are doubled keeping the distance
constant?
Case-I
Given,
Mass of the first body= m1
Mass of the second body = m2
Distance between their centers = d
Universal gravitational constant = G

We have from Newton’s universal law of gravitation,

𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭𝟏 =
𝒅𝟐
Case-II
Mass of the first body= 2m1
Mass of the second body = 2m2
Distance between their centers = d
Universal gravitational constant = G

We have from Newton’s universal law of gravitation,

𝑮𝟐𝒎𝟏 𝟐𝒎𝟐
𝑭𝟐 =
𝒅𝟐

𝟒𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭𝟐 =
𝒅𝟐
 Vidhya Sanskar School
Gokarneshwor Municipality-08, Kathmandu
Online Session-2077

F2=4F1
Conclusion: When the mass of two bodies are doubled,
keeping the distance between their centers constant, the
gravitational force increases by 4 times.

4. When the distance between the bodies change but the mass
of them remain the same.
# What change in gravitational force is seen between two
bodies if the distance between their centers is doubled
keeping the masses constant?

Case-I
Given,
Mass of the first body= m1
Mass of the second body = m2
Distance between their centers = d
Universal gravitational constant = G

We have from Newton’s universal law of gravitation,

𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭𝟏 =
𝒅𝟐
Case-II
Mass of the first body= m1
Mass of the second body = m2
Distance between their centers = 2d
Universal gravitational constant = G

We have from Newton’s universal law of gravitation,

𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭𝟐 =
(𝟐𝒅)𝟐
 Vidhya Sanskar School
Gokarneshwor Municipality-08, Kathmandu
Online Session-2077

𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝒐𝒓, 𝑭𝟐 =
𝟒𝒅𝟐
𝟏 𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝒐𝒓, 𝑭𝟐 =
𝟒 𝒅𝟐
𝟏
𝒐𝒓, 𝑭𝟐 =𝑭
𝟒 𝟏
Conclusion: When the distance between the centers of two
bodies are doubled keeping the masses constant their
gravitational force decreases by 4 times.

Assignment No. 9
What change in gravitational force is seen between two
bodies if their masses are tripled keeping the distance
constant?

Assignment No. 10
What change in gravitational force is seen between two
bodies if the first mass is doubled and the second mass and
distance between their constants?

Assignment No. 11
What change in gravitational force is seen between two
bodies if the distance between their centers is halved
keeping the masses constant?
 Vidhya Sanskar School
Gokarneshwor Municipality-08, Kathmandu
Online Session-2077

Force of gravity
It is defined as the force by which the earth or other heavenly
bodies attract each and every objects lying on their surfaces
towards their centers.

Weight of the body = Force of gravity

Derivation of force of gravity

R
M

Let us suppose that the mass of the Earth is ‘M’ and the mass of
the object lying on its surface is ‘m’. There is the mutual force of
attraction between them, which is:
a) Directly proportional to the product of the masses.
FµMm---------------(i)

b) Inversely proportional to the square of radius of the Earth.

.
Fµ 0---------------(ii)
/

Combining equations (i) and (ii), we get,

𝑀𝑚
𝐹µ 5
𝑅
𝑀𝑚
𝐹=G
𝑅5
 Vidhya Sanskar School
Gokarneshwor Municipality-08, Kathmandu
Online Session-2077

(Where G is proportionality constant and is called as

universal gravitational constant)
78
𝐹=G (Force of gravity)
/0
89 80
𝐹=G ( Gravitational force)
:0