Business English g3

G3 Business English
PICTURE
G3: Low
Intermediate
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
BUSINESS
ENGLISH
Beginner Intermediate Advanced
Certified by Finland
Education agency
standard
1
Globish English Course copyright © 2018

G3: Low Intermediate
BUSINESS ENGLISH
Course Outline
G3 Business English
At Work PICTURE
Lesson 1 Introducing Yourself at Work
Lesson 2 Meeting Your Colleagues
Lesson 3 Talking About Your Responsibility
Lesson 4 Getting to Know Your Company
Lesson 5 Making Small Talk
Lesson 6 Review and Practice
At the Office
Lesson 7 Office Objects
Lesson 8 Getting Around the Office
Lesson 9 Media
Lesson 10 Facilities
Lesson 11 Hanging Out After Work
Interactions At Work
Lesson 13 Welcoming a Guest
Lesson 14 Checking Information
Lesson 15 Asking for a Favour
Lesson 16 Clarifying Information
Lesson 17 Suggesting an Idea

G3: Low Intermediate
BUSINESS ENGLISH
Course Outline
G3 Business English
Meetings PICTURE
Lesson 19 Making an Appointment
Lesson 20 Opening a Meeting
Lesson 21 Sharing Opinions
Lesson 22 Agreeing and Disagreeing
Lesson 23 Closing a Meeting
Telephoning
Lesson 25 Making a Call
Lesson 26 Purpose of the Call
Lesson 27 Leaving a Message
Lesson 28 Receiving a Call
Lesson 29 Checking Information
Negotiation
Lesson 31 Starting a Negotiation
Lesson 32 Negotiating
Lesson 33 Closing a Deal
Lesson 34 Delaying the Offer
Lesson 35 Accepting and Declining an Offer

Lesson 1
Introducing Yourself at Work
Vocabulary-based Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Boss: Good morning everyone! Thank you for coming to the meeting on time. As
you should already know, we are going to review our monthly sales report today.
But before we begin, I’d like to welcome Jasmine, who just joined our sales team
last week! So Jasmine, would you mind standing up to introduce yourself?
Jasmine: Not at all. Hi everyone! My name is Jasmine. I was born in Singapore but
I have been living in Vietnam since I was 18 years old. I used to work in the human
resources department at the last company I worked for. My responsibilities
involved recruiting new staff. However, because I am keen on gaining more
experience in sales, I have decided to join the sales team here as a sales manager. I
will be responsible for managing the regional sales team in this company. Thank
you, everyone. I look forward to working with each and everyone of you.
Boss: Thank you, Jasmine! We are delighted to have you join our team. Now, I
expect each of you to give Jasmine as much support as you can and make her feel
welcomed in our company.
Let’s talk about the role play
● According to the boss, what is the meeting about?

● Where is Jasmine (the new employee) from?
● What was Jasmine’s last job position?
● What is Jasmine’s new job position? What will Jasmine be responsible for in
her new position?

Vocabulary
a. Sales Manager: A sales manager is responsible for managing the sales team
by setting goals, making sales reports, and training sales representatives.
G3 Business English
b. Marketing Manager: A marketing manager is responsible for planning and
executing marketing/advertising plans.
c. Accountant: An accountant is responsible for making financial reports by

analysing assets, liability, and budget. Accountants deal with balance sheets,
profit/loss statements, etc.
d. Freelancer: A freelancer is self-employed and does not have a long-term

contract with a company. Freelancers are NOT full-time employees.
e. Engineer: An engineer is responsible for developing and designing complex

systems by using science and math. Types of engineers include: mechanical,
chemical, electrical, computer, etc.
f. Journalist: A journalist is responsible for doing research and writing reports

about current news and events.
g. Consultant: A consultant is responsible for offering advice to organizations

to help them improve their business performance.
h. Architect: An architect is responsible for designing and creating buildings.

Challenges
1. Talk about your job and job responsibilities with your coach. Use the following
sentences.
a. I work for… (company)
b. I work in the … (department)
G3 Business English
c. I am responsible for + noun/verb+ing
2. Discuss your career goals with your coach. Is there something that you are
keen on doing?
3. Would you rather work for yourself or for a company? Why?
Definitions
a. Work for (v): You say ‘work for’ when you refer to the company that you’re
currently working at. E.g. I work for Apple.
b. Work in (v): You say ‘work in’ when you refer to the department that you’re
working in. E.g. I work in the sales department./I work in the human resources
department.
c. Join (v): If you join an organization/team, you become a member of it. E.g. I
joined the marketing team last month.
d. Report (n): an official document that has important information. E.g. Our sales
report this month doesn’t look very good.
e. Involve (v): to take part in something. E.g. I like to be involved in company parties
and other activities.
f. Responsible for + noun/verb+ing (v): to have control and duty over

something. E.g. The human resources department is responsible for
recruitment/hiring new employees.
g. Manage (v): to lead and make sure that employees are doing their jobs. E.g. I
manage the sales team.
h. Support (v): to provide encouragement and help. E.g. A good manager should
provide support to his/her employees.
i. To be keen on (phrase): If you ‘are keen on doing something,’ you want to do it

very much. E.g. I am keen on becoming a manager one day.

Lesson 2
Meeting Your Colleagues
Phonology-based Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
It’s Jasmine’s first day at work and an old colleague introduces herself to Jasmine
while both of them are getting coffee.
Linda: Hello! Jasmine, right?
Jasmine: Yes!
Linda: I’m Linda. I’ll be working with you on the sales team. Are you the
newly-appointed regional sales manager?
Jasmine: That is correct.
Linda: Well, welcome! I’m so glad you joined us.
Jasmine: Thank you, Linda. I appreciate it.
Linda: Of course. If I may ask, have you always worked in sales?
Jasmine: No. I actually have a background in human resource management because I

graduated from the University of UK with a management degree in 2008. However,
I’ve always wanted to gain more experience in sales, which is why I applied for a
position in the sales department here.
Linda: What a coincidence! I also graduated from the UK in 2008. I wonder why we’ve
never crossed paths with each other while we were there.
Jasmine: It was a pretty big university.
Linda: That is true. Well, we probably share many acquaintances and mutual friends.
Jasmine: We probably do.

7

Linda: How do you usually spend your leisure time?
Jasmine: I like to try out different cafes.
Linda: Me too! We should hang out sometime.
G3 Business English
● What do we know about Jasmine’s background from the role play?

● What do Jasmine and Linda have in common?
● In the role play, Linda says, ‘What a coincidence! I also graduated from the
UK in 2008. I wonder why we’ve never crossed paths with each other while
we were there.’ What do you think ‘crossed paths with each other’ means in
this context? (Please try to make an educated guess before you look at the
definitions below).
Pronunciation
Stressed Syllables
a. acQUAINtance
b. COlleague
c. coINcidence
d. NEWly- apPOINted
Please read the following sentences in the correct rising/falling intonation.
Rising intonation: when the tone of the sentence goes up.

Falling intonation: when the tone of the sentence goes down.
a. Questions with ‘where,’ ‘when,’ ‘what,’ ‘which,’ ‘why,’ ‘who’, ‘whose’, ‘whom’,
and ‘how’ end with falling intonation. For example:
i. How do you usually spend your leisure time?
b. Simple sentences that state facts and opinions end with falling intonation.
For example:
i. I also graduated from the UK in 2008.
ii. I wonder why we’ve never crossed paths with each other while we
were there.
c. Questions that have yes/no answers end with with rising intonation. These
questions mostly start with ‘am’, ‘is’, ’are’, ‘was’, ‘were’, ‘do’, ‘does’, ‘did’, ‘has’,
‘have’, ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’, ‘shall’, ‘should’, ‘would’, and ‘will’. For example:
i. You are the newly-appointed regional sales manager, is that right?
ii. If I may ask, have you always worked in sales?

Challenges
1. Do you have many acquaintances? Where are they mostly from? School,
work, or family friends?
G3 Business English
2. Discuss about your work and academic background with your coach.
3. Are you friends with your colleagues? Why or why not?
4. What do you like to do in your leisure time?
Definitions
a. Colleague (n): or ‘co-worker,’ is someone who works with you.
b. Acquaintance with (n): If you have an ‘acquaintance with’ someone, you

have met them and you slightly know them.
c. Experience (n): If you ‘have experience’ in doing something, you have

knowledge of it because you have done it before. E.g. I’ve had managerial
experience from my previous job.
d. Background (n): includes your education and work experience. E.g. He has a
background in engineering./ You have quite an impressive background.
e. Newly-appointed (adj): describes someone who is most recently chosen for

a certain job position. E.g. John is the newly appointed consultant. He’s just
joined our team two weeks ago.
f. Coincidence (n): when two events happen at the same time by chance and
without any planning. E.g. It was by coincidence that I am working in the same
company as my friend from childhood.
g. Leisure (n): the free time you have when you are not working. E.g. I like to
watch Netflix in my leisure time.
h. To cross paths with someone (phrase): to meet someone by chance without

planning. E.g. Even though we are both studying abroad in different countries, I
really hope that we cross paths someday.

Lesson 3
Talking About Your Responsibility
Contrastive Analysis-based Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Rachel is in the second round of her interview for a creative designer position. In this
round, she meets with the marketing manager and learns about the job duties of a
creative designer. Let the coach be Rachel and the student be the Marketing
Manager.
Marketing Manager: Before we begin, I’d like to congratulate you for making it to the
second round of your interview!
Rachel: Thank you. I appreciate you giving me the opportunity for possible
employment.
Marketing Manager: Of course. Let’s begin, shall we? What do you know about the
roles and responsibilities of a creative designer in our company?
Rachel: According to the research I’ve done, creative designers are mainly in charge
of designing ad campaigns.
Marketing Manager: Yes. To go further into detail, a creative designer has to prepare
all advertising projects and assist the team in developing new ideas for marketing.
You would also have to organize B2B meetings with other businesses that will print
our finished products.
Rachel: I see.
Marketing Manager: As a manager, I look after the marketing team and provide
guidance to each employee whenever necessary. Before you take any further action,
I will also need to check all the designs. Do you have any questions?
10

● According to the role play, what are the roles and responsibilities of a
creative designer?
● According to the marketing manager, why would a creative designer have to
organize B2B meetings with other businesses?
G3 Business English
● What are the roles and responsibilities of the marketing manager?
Contrastive Analysis
a. Employee vs. Employer
i. Employee (n): a person who is paid to work for a company. E.g. I am an

employee at Marriott Hotel.
ii. Employer (n): the person whom you work for—your boss.
b. Employment vs. Unemployment
i. Employment (n): the state of having a paid job. E.g. It is difficult to find
employment when the economy is not good.
ii. Unemployment (n): the state of not having a paid job. E.g. The
unemployment rate increased when the economy was in decline.
Fill in the blanks
employee / employer / employment / unemployment
1. Because the economy is bad at the moment, not a lot of _______(s) are hiring
new _______(s). This is causing an increase in _______ because there aren’t a lot
of _______ opportunities available.
Challenges
1. What is your job position? What are you mainly in charge of? If you are a
manger, how many people do you look after?
2. Who is your employer?
3. What is your employer in charge of?
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Definitions
a. Employee (n): a person who is paid to work for a company. E.g. I am an

employee at Marriott Hotel.
G3 Business English
b. Employment (n): the state of having a paid job. E.g. It is difficult to find
employment when the economy is not good.
c. In charge of (phrase): to be responsible for something. E.g. A consultant is in

charge of offering advice to organisations to help them improve their business
performance.
d. Look after (v): another way to say that you are ‘responsible for’ something/
to take care of something. E.g. As a regional manager, I look after all the stores
that are within my region.
e. Mainly (adv): describes an action that is the most important. E.g. Even though
human resources managers have many duties, they are mainly responsible for
hiring new employees.
f. Prepare (v): to get ready for something. E.g. Are you prepared for the
presentation tomorrow?
g. Organize (v): to arrange an event or activity. E.g. The government organized a

meeting to discuss about tax regulations.
h. Assist (v): to help someone do something. E.g. My colleague was assisting me

with the preparation of my presentation.
12

Lesson 4
Getting to Know Your Company
Inductive Grammar-based Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
The manager is explaining to the new intern about the fashion company.
Manager: Welcome to our company, Jerry! We’re glad to have you as an intern for the
summer. How are you today?
Jerry: Thank you, sir. I’m doing well. I am just feeling a bit nervous.
Manager: Well, there’s no need to be! I, myself, used to be just like you when I first
joined the company. I’m not going to be too hard on you since it’s your first day. Today,
we are going to focus on learning about the history of this company. What do you know
about our company so far?
Jerry: The fashion company was established in 1989. Originally, it started out with
selling handbags but has expanded its product line since then. As of today, it sells all
types of fashion clothing. It is now one of the fastest growing companies in the country.
Manager: That is right. It took our company a duration of 5 years to launch our first
clothing line. Our vision is to inspire customers of all generations to love fashion. We
currently have 15 retail stores in the city and you will be working in one of them.
Jerry: What are the hours for the retail stores?
Manager: From 10:00am to 9:00pm. Each staff member must follow strict procedures
for opening and closing the store every day. Don’t worry too much about it because
you’ll receive proper training for that. Just make sure to always present yourself in a
professional manner.
Jerry: Yes sir. What is the culture of the company like?
Manager: Most of the staff here are 35 years old or younger. Everyone is very friendly
and energetic. Staff members often fill in for each other whenever necessary. 13

Jerry: That’s nice. It sounds like a family.
Manager: We really are! Actually, we are going to eat dinner together after work
today. You should join us so that you can socialize with your new colleagues.
G3 Business English
● What do we know about the fashion company from the role play? For
example, when was it established? What kind of products or services do
they offer to customers?
● According to the manager, how long did it take the company to launch their
first clothing line?
● What is the culture of the company like?
Grammar Lesson: Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns are pronouns that refer back to the subject of the clause
in which it is used.
Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns
I Myself
You Yourself / Yourselves (plural)
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself
We Ourselves
They Themselves
Examples:
1. Make sure that you present yourself in a professional manner.

2. He likes to talk to himself.
3. The children can take care of themselves.
14

There are 3 ways that you can use reflexive pronouns:
Number 1: ‘by’ + reflexive pronoun show that 1) the subject is alone or 2) that the
subject can do something without needing anyone’s help.
Examples:
G3 Business English
1. I am traveling by myself. (I am traveling alone)
2. She can solve the problem by herself. (She can solve the problem without
anyone’s help).
Number 2: subject + reflexive pronoun emphasizes the sentence.
Examples:
1. I will clean the room myself. (Believe me, I will clean the room)
2. We ourselves have struggled with work. (We struggled with work too).
Number 3: ‘for’ + reflexive pronoun shows the intention of the subject towards the
subject.
Examples:
1. I want to experience Australia for myself. (I want to directly experience it
firsthand, not through someone else’s experience)
2. She baked the cake for herself. (She will eat all of the cake without sharing with
anyone else)
Fill in the blanks
Fill in the blanks using 1) for + reflexive pronoun, 2) by + reflexive pronoun, or

3) only the reflexive pronoun
1. We blame ________ for causing this problem.

2. Let her do her homework _______ .
3. I _______ went through the same process as you.
4. The vacation is their own reward _______ .
15

Challenges
1. Discuss the culture of your company with your coach. For example, do
employees often socialize with one another? Does everybody work long
hours? What is the average age? Etc.
G3 Business English
2. When was your company established? What is your company’s mission and
vision?
3. What are some things that you do yourself, for yourself, and by yourself?
Definitions
a. Vision (n): goals that a company strives to achieve in the long-term future.
E.g. Samsung’s vision is to ‘create a better world full of richer digital experiences,
through innovative technology and products.’
b. Establish (v): If a company is ‘established’ in 2000, the company was first

founded and started in the year 2000.
c. Culture (n): The ‘culture’ of a company is the personality of the company. This
includes the work environment, expectations, how people behave, mission,
values, etc.
d. Procedure (n): a method/way of doing something. E.g. The retail company has
strict procedures for staff that are opening and closing the stores.
e. Duration (n): The period of time of a certain event./ how long something
takes. E.g. It usually takes students a duration of 4 years to graduate from
university.
f. Manner (n): the way/strategy that you do something. E.g. It is important for all
employees to deal with difficult situations in a professional manner.
g. Staff (n): people who work in an organization. E.g. The employer thanked
his/her staff for their hard work.
h. Socialize (v): to interact and talk to other people. E.g. I don’t socialize much
with my colleagues because I’m always so busy at work.
i. to fill in for someone (phrase): to help someone do his/her work because

he/she is absent from the office—to substitute for someone. E.g. I have to fill in
for Bob because he is sick and can’t make it to the office today.
16

Lesson 5
Making Small Talk
Role Play-based Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
The manager picks up the new expat from the airport.
Manager: Hello, Mr. Wood! Welcome to Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. (shakes his hand)
Mr. Wood: Thank you.
Manager: How was your flight from Scotland?
Mr. Wood: Quite long. The flight was delayed and there was a large crowd of tourists at
the customs so I apologize for my late arrival and thank you for waiting for me. I
appreciate it.
Manager: Not a problem. I’m glad that you’ve landed safely.
(They walk out of the airport)
Mr. Wood: It’s quite hot! Is it always like this in Vietnam?
Manager: (smiles) Yes. The weather in Vietnam is hot in general. I hope that you’ve
packed some light clothing.
Mr. Wood: Actually, I’ll have to go shopping. It has been ages since I’ve been in such
humid weather.
Manager: Well, just to warn you, the latest headlines announce that it is going to get
even hotter in the next couple weeks.
Mr. Wood: Hotter? Is that even possible?
Manager: Don’t worry, you’ll get used to it. Just make sure to stay hydrated. Also, I
would gladly take you to the mall to buy some summer clothing, if you’d like.
17

Mr. Wood: I would appreciate that. Thank you.
Manager: It is my pleasure. (takes out phone) I will now send you an email regarding
our meeting agenda for next week in order to keep you up-to-date with our
company’s activities.
G3 Business English
Mr. Wood: Sounds good.
● Where is Mr. Wood from?

● Why does Mr. Wood need to go shopping?
● What new words or phrases did you learn from the role play? Please discuss
them with your coach.
Now it’s your turn to Role Play

Scenario 1
a. Student: You are trying to make a small talk with a colleague at work. You
talk about the latest headlines on the news. The news is about 39
Vietnamese Died in a U.K Truck. You ask your colleague about his/her
opinions of the news.
b. Coach: Share your opinions with your colleague about the news. You are
encouraged to see that there is a hot news at that time.
Scenario 2
a. Student: You are the human resources manager. You pick up a new expat
who just arrived at the airport. You greet the expat for the first time. You talk
about the weather in Vietnam with the new expat.
b. Coach: You are the new expat. You thank the manager for picking you up.
You just flew from a cold country so you are not used to the hot weather in
Vietnam.
Challenges
1. What is something that you haven’t done for a long time? Use the following
format to answer this question: It has been ages since…
2. Discuss about the latest news with your coach and share your opinions on it.
3. Please describe the weather in Vietnam for the following months.
a. January – March, April – June, July – September, and October -
December
18

Definitions
a. Arrive (v): to reach somewhere. E.g. The plane will arrive at 3:00pm.
G3 Business English
b. Pick up (v): If you ‘pick up’ someone at the airport, you transport him/her
from the airport and to their destination. E.g. I am going to the airport to pick
up our new expat.
c. General (adj): If something is ‘general,’ it is does not include any specific

information. E.g. Most Vietnamese people are nice in general. /I only put general
information on my Facebook profile. I don’t put any details about my personal
information.
d. It has been ages (phrase): This is another way to say ‘it has been a long time.’
E.g. It has been ages since I visited my friend in America.
e. Capital (adj): describe a place that is the location of a government of a

country or state. E.g. The capital city of Vietnam is Hanoi.
f. Weather (n): conditions of the day. For example, it can be rainy, sunny, hot,
cold, windy, snowy, etc. E.g. the weather in Vietnam is very hot.
g. Latest (adj): describes something that is most recent. E.g. I like to follow the
latest trends in fashion.
h. Headlines (n): The title and first part of the news that attracts readers.
i. Opinion (n): what you think about something. E.g. Many Americans don’t have
good opinions of President Trump.
j. Crowd (n): a large group of people E.g. There was a large crowd of protestors in
front of the government building.
k. Completely (adv): describes something that is 100%. E.g. I don’t completely

agree with your opinion.
l. Up to date (adj): describes something that is new and in trend. E.g. Our
company tries to develop the most up to date computer softwares.
19

Lesson 6
Review and Practice
Review Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Review
1. Please compose at least 1 sentence for each of the following phrases:

a. work for
b. work in
2. If you are an acquaintance with someone, do you know them well?
3. Please complete the following sentences
a. A sales manager is in charge of…
b. A creative designer is in charge of…
4. ‘It has been ages since the last time I saw you.’ What does this sentence mean?
5. Please fill in the blanks with the appropriate reflexive pronoun
a. You should take the test by _______. Don’t cheat.
b. He bought a car for _______ on his birthday.
c. Like you, I _______ have never been to Europe.
Challenges
Please match each job title with the correct description.
a. A person who is self-employed without a

long-term contract with a company.
1. Accountant b. A person who advises organisations to
2. Freelancer improve their business performance.
3. Engineer c. A person who develops & designs complex
4. Consultant systems by using science & math.
d. A person who makes financial reports by
analysing assets, liability & budget.
20

1. Please provide an example of a situation that is scheduled vs. a situation that
happens by coincidence.
2. Please fill in the blanks (employee/employer/employment/unemployment)

a. _______ opportunities have increased because of the improving
G3 Business English
economy. Therefore, more _______(s) are looking to hire _______(s)
which could decrease _______.
3. Please fill in the blanks (for + reflexive pronoun / by + reflexive pronoun /

reflexive pronoun only)
a. They plan to keep all the money _______.
b. She couldn’t keep _______ quiet when he shouted.
c. He can fix the car _______ .
4. Please share your opinions with your coach about how we should help the
poor.
21

Lesson 7
Office Objects
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
The human resource manager helps the new employee set up at the office.
Human Resources Manager: Now that we are finished with your new employee
paperwork, I am going to show you to your desk that you will be working at. Follow
me. (Leads the new employee to her desk).
New Employee: Thank you.
Human Resources Manager: Here is your desk. We have already prepared all of the
necessary office supplies for you. If you run out of anything, you may request for
more when necessary. I have assigned my secretary to help you with any additional
office supplies that you might need.
New Employee: Thank you. May I ask where the printer is?
Human Resources Manager: It is right around the corner. You can also find ink
cartridges in the shelf that is next to the printer.
New Employee: Where should I put my personal items?
Human Resources Manager: You could leave them on your desk. However, I would
advise you to lock your valuable items in the drawer.
● Does the new employee need to buy his/her own office supplies? Why or why
not?
● Where are the ink cartridges?
● What new words or phrases did you learn? Please discuss with your coach.
22

Vocabulary
Synonyms of:
a. Finish
i. complete, to be done, end
G3 Business English
b. Request
i. ask for, demand
c. Assign
i. appoint to, allocate, give responsibility
Antonyms of:
a. Finish
ii. start, begin
b. Find
ii. lose, forget, misplace
Challenges
1. Do you have to do a lot of paperwork for your job? What kind of paperwork
do you have to deal with?
2. Discuss with your coach about the office supplies that you use.
3. Have you ever requested anything from your employer? What did you
request? How did you request for it?
23

Definitions
a. Paperwork (n): work that involves dealing with written documents, reports,
letters, etc. E.g. My boss has to approve the paperwork./ I have a lot of paperwork
to catch up with.
G3 Business English
b. Publication (n): The ‘publication of’ information is the act of making it known
to public. E.g. We have to make sure that the publication of our company’s website
is on time.
c. Office supplies (n): tools and objects that you use in the office. Office
supplies include folders, staples, paper clips, pencils, hole punchers, sticky
notes, tape, notepad paper, glue, etc.
a. Personal items (n): things that belong to you. E.g. Do not leave your personal
items unattended in public spaces./Please take all of your personal items before
you leave the office.
b. Ink cartridges (n): ink that the printer uses to print.
a. Finish (v): to complete something—to be done with something. E.g. Have you
finished the report yet?
b. Find (v): to look for something and see where it is. E.g. If you can’t find your
personal items, please check at the lost and found.
c. Request (v): to ask for something politely and formally. E.g. I requested the IT
Department to fix my work computer.
d. Assign (v): If you ‘assign’ work to someone, you give them work to do. E.g. My
boss assigned a lot of paperwork for me to do. / I assigned Mary to help you out
with the paperwork.
24

Lesson 8
Getting Around the Office
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
The HR Manager shows the new employee around the office.
HR Manager: (Walks around the office) Here is our office. As you can see, our
workspace is limited. This is because we share a co-working space with another
company. We don’t mind because the employees of the other company are friendly
and welcoming.
New Employee: That’s good to know.
HR Manager: Yes. Nonetheless, we are planning to move to a more spacious office

due to our current lack of workspace.
New Employee: Where is the new office?
HR Manager: That’s a good question. I’m not sure yet.
New Employee: Where does everybody usually eat for lunch?
HR Manager: You have a few options. There is a canteen on the third floor where
there are various selections of Vietnamese food. But if you feel like eating something
else, you could venture into other restaurants that are nearby.
New Employee: Do you have any recommendations?
HR Manager: If you would like to save time and money, I would recommend the
canteen. It’s cheap and their quality of food is reliable. Most of our employees like to
eat there as well.
25

● According to the HR Manager, is there enough workspace at the current

office?
● Where does the HR Manager recommend eating for lunch?
What new words or phrases did you learn from the role play? Please discuss
G3 Business English
●
Pronunciation
Stressed Syllables
a. REStaurant
b. VENture
c. canTEEN
d. reLIable
e. recommenDAtion
Please read the following sentences in the correct rising/ falling intonation.

a. Questions with ‘where,’ ‘when,’ ‘what,’ ‘which,’ ‘why,’ ‘who’, ‘who’, ‘whose’,
‘whom’, and ‘how’ end with falling intonation. For example:
i. Where does everybody usually eat for lunch?
a. Simple sentences that state facts and opinions end with falling intonation. For
example:
ii. That’s a good question.
iii. I’m not sure yet.
a. Questions that have yes/no answers end with with rising intonation. These
iii. Do you know the location of the new office?
iv. Do you have any recommendations?
26

Challenges
1. Where do you eat when you’re at work?

2. Is there something new that you would like to venture into?
3. Describe the characteristics of a reliable employee and an unreliable
G3 Business English
employee.
4. Please complete the following sentences. Be creative!
a. There is a lack of ____________ in Vietnam.
b. There is a lack of ____________ in the company that I work for.
c. There is a lack of ____________ in this world.
Definitions
a. Nearby (adv): describes something that is only a short distance away from
you. E.g. It’s convenient to live nearby the bus station.
b. Restaurant (n): a place where to have a meal that you have to pay for. E.g. The
Vietnamese restaurant down the street has really good food.
c. Venture (v): to dare to try something new or go somewhere that might be

risky. E.g. Even though John does not usually eat spicy food in America, he
ventured into Vietnamese food./The old company is venturing into social media
marketing.
d. Workspace (n): the area where you work. E.g. Our company is relocating
because our current office doesn’t have enough workspace.
e. Canteen (n): or ‘cafeteria,’ is a place where food is served. Places that have
canteens include schools, hospitals, office buildings, etc.
f. Co-working space (n): a shared working space. Employees from different

companies can share a co-working space.
g. Lack (n): If there is a ‘lack of’ something, there isn’t enough of it or there isn’t
any at all. E.g. I didn’t get the job because of my lack of experience.
h. Reliable (adj): describes people or things that can be trusted. E.g. Japanese
cars are reliable. / John is a reliable employee because he has been working for this
company for 20 years.
i. Limited (adj): when something is ‘limited,’ there are restrictions or there

aren’t a lot of it. E.g. Due to limited workspace, our company is relocating to a
bigger office building.
27

Lesson 9
Media
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Josh and Andy prepare for their sales presentation.
Josh: I am having trouble turning on this computer.
Andy: You might want to check whether the screen is turned on or not.
Josh: You’re right! (presses the screen button) It’s on now but the computer isn’t
starting properly.
Andy: I’d suggest you to follow the instructions in the manual for restarting the
computer.
Josh: (reads the instructions and restarts the computer) Okay! It works now.
Andy: Could you pull up a browser and open the slides for our presentation?
Josh: Of course. What time are we presenting tomorrow again?
Andy: At 2:00pm.
Josh: Great. This means that we have all morning to pore over and get prepared for
our presentation. Do we have our printed catalogues ready?
Andy: Not yet. I’ll have them printed this afternoon.
Josh: Thank you. Would you be able to make extra copies?
Andy: Yes. Our company has loose policies for printing.
28

● Andy asks, ‘Could you pull up a browser and open the slides for our
presentation?’ Can you guess the meaning of ‘ browser’?
● What time is their presentation tomorrow?
G3 Business English
Compare and Contrast
a. Pore over vs. Pour
i. Pore over (v): to read carefully. E.g. John spent hours and hours poring
over the report because he wanted to make sure that it was perfect before
he submitted it to his boss.
ii. Pour (v): If you ‘pour’ someone a drink, you put the drink into a cup or
glass so they can drink it. E.g. The waiter poured some wine into the glass.
b. Loose vs. Lose
i. Loose (adj): describes rules/policies that are flexible and not too strict.
E.g. Our company has loose policies for dress code.
ii. Lose (v): to not win. The past tense of ‘lose’ is ‘lost.’ E.g. Germany lost to
Korea in the World Cup of 2018.
Fill in the blanks

pore over/ pour/ loose/ lose
1. Law students were _______ (verb in -ing form) their textbooks before their
final exam.
2. Because the school had _______ policies in regard to using mobile devices,
many students were playing on their phones during class.
3. She trained really hard for the race because she did not want to _______ to her
rival.
4. Would you like me to _______ some coffee or tea for you, sir?
29

Challenges
1. Give your coach instructions on how to create a Zalo account.

2. What is the purpose of catalogues? Do you actually look at store catalogues?
Why or why not?
G3 Business English
3. List out all the internet browsers that you know of.
4. Have you ever had to present something in front of your boss? Please
describe the experience to your coach.
Definitions
a. Present (v): to give a presentation/ speech. E.g. The CEO has to present the
annual report to the investors.
b. Instruction (n): something that someone tells you to do. E.g. Please follow
the recipe for cooking instructions.
c. Screen (n): the flat surface of your phone, television, or computer where you
see things. E.g. iPhones are touch screen devices.
d. Browser (n): a piece of computer software that you use to search for
information on the internet. Examples of browsers include: Google Chrome,
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, etc.
e. Mailbox (n): a box where letters are received and delivered.
f. Catalogue (n): a list of goods that you can buy from a company. E.g. The
supermarket has a catalogue of all the items that are on sale.
g. Pore over (v): to read carefully. E.g. John spent hours and hours poring over the
report because he wanted to make sure that it was perfect before he submitted it
to his boss.
h. Loose (adj): describes rules/policies that are flexible and not too strict. E.g.
Our company has loose policy for dress code.
30

Lesson 10
Facilities
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Manager: According to the safety protocol, we must maintain a safe work

environment for all employees. This includes replacing or repairing any old and
worn-down equipment.
Assistant: Where should we start?
Manager: A few machineries in the manufacturing facility on the opposite side of

this building need attention. They are worn down and slowing the production.
However, because it’s too expensive to replace them with our current budget, we
must hire skilled technicians to repair them.
Assistant: I agree with you but I would rather replace the machineries soon since
we’ll have to replace them eventually within 5 years.
Manager: 5 years is quite a long time. If we repair and maintain the equipment well,
this will help us gain benefits, save money, and manage resources.
Assistant: I agree. Are there other facilities that need attention?
Manager: The IT Department below us has requested new computers.
● Where is the manufacturing facility located?

● Where is the IT department located?
● What new words or phrases did you learn? Please discuss them with your
coach.
31

Grammar Lesson: Prepositions of Place
Preposition Explanation Example
G3 Business English
Object A is touching Object B. The girl is leaning against the
box.
Against
When Object A is moving beside The people are walking along

Object B in the same direction. the road.
Along
When Object A is in a lower The ball is under the table.

place than Object B.
‘Under’ is usually used when the

lower object touches or is
Below/Under covered by the higher object.
‘Below’ is usually when the

lower object does NOT touch or
is covered by the the higher
object.
When Object A is on the The girl is on the opposite side

different direction and side of of the boy.
Object B. E.g. The west is in the
opposite direction of east.
Opposite
32

Preposition Explanation Example
When Object A is in a higher place The books are above/on the

than Object B. armchair.
‘On’ is usually used when the
G3 Business English
higher object touches or covers
Above/On
the lower object.
‘Above’ is usually used when the

higher object is NOT touching or
covering the lower object.
When Object A moves into Object The arrow pierced through

B from one end and out of Object the apple.
B at another end.
Through
When Object A is moving closer to The bird is flying toward the

Object B in the same direction. tree.
Towards
When Object A circles Object B. The plane travels around the

globe.
Around
33

Fill in the blanks
Grammar Practice: Preposition of Place
Please fill in the blanks with the correct preposition
G3 Business English
Against Around Towards Through
Above Under Opposite Along
1. The cat is lying _______ the trash can.
1. The table is _______ the table.
1. The person walked _______ the door.
1. The people are walking _______ the road.
34

Challenges
1. Discuss about the different departments at your company. Which department

do you work in?
2. What kind of facilities does your company have?
G3 Business English
3. Describe the environment around your house.
4. What is on the opposite side of your house?
a. Does anybody live above/under you?
b. What direction do you go towards when you go to work from home?
E.g. If you want to travel from Ben Thanh Market to Suoi Tien Park, you
have to take the Skytrain towards Thu Duc District.
Definitions
a. Department (n): a specialized group within a company. Common departments

include: Human Resources Department, IT Department, Marketing
Department, Finance Department, etc.
b. Resource (n): All the factors that are necessary for a business to function such
as money, people, etc. E.g. Before anyone starts a company, he/she must make sure
to have enough resources.
c. Environment (n): All the factors such as people, things, culture, events that are
around you. E.g. Jane’s parents did not want her to study at a college that has a
party environment.
d. Protocol (n): a system of rules that talks about the correct ways to act in
formal situations. E.g. We always must follow the protocol when visiting the Royal
Family.
e. Repair (v): to fix something that hasn’t been working properly. E.g. The IT
Department helps repair malfunctioning electronic devices.
f. Replace (v): If you replace A with B, you take A away and use B instead. E.g. The
company replaced the senior manager with a younger manager.
g. Maintain (v): to keep and continue having something. E.g. The company
continues to maintain high standards for the quality of their products./The
company continues to maintain a good relationship with their customers.
h. Facility (n): buildings, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular
purpose. E.g. The school is building a new facility for their sports teams.
i. Benefit (n): a good thing—an advantage. E.g. Companies should provide health
benefits to their employees.
35

Lesson 11
Hanging Out After Work
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Role Play Scenario 1- Talking about your day at work at a bar
Brian: How have you been doing lately?
Wendy: Honestly, I’ve been quite stressed with work. What about you?
Brian: Same here. I feel that most people have a heavy workload nowadays. There’s
just so much to do and so little time to do it, which is causing many to be behind
schedule.
Wendy: I agree. I’m concerned that even though we have an increase in workload, our
salaries remain the same.
● Why are Brian and Wendy stressed?

● According to Brian, why is everyone behind schedule?
Role Play Scenario 2 - Talking about your holiday plans over dinner
June: I can’t believe we’re having our New Year break next month!
Dan: Me neither. Do you have any holiday plans?
June: Yes. I’m traveling to Bali with my family.
Dan: Does that mean that you’re going to miss the New Year festival in Vietnam?
June: Yes, unfortunately… but my family has always wanted to visit Bali and this is our
only chance.
36

Dan: I see.
June: What about you?
Dan: I’m going to Hanoi with my friends to celebrate New Year Festival.
G3 Business English
June: That sounds fun.
Dan: I know. I am really excited about it.
● What are June’s holiday plans?

● What are Dan’s holiday plans?
Scenario 1
a. Coach: You and your student are colleagues. Ask your colleague if he/she
would like to join you for dinner after work.
b. Student: You would like to spend time with your colleague but you are behind
schedule today due to a heavy workload. Ask your colleague to text you
his/her whereabouts so you can catch up with him/her after you’re done with
work.
Scenario 2
a. Student: You and your coach are colleagues. Both of you discuss about your
plans for the Christmas holiday. You plan to spend time with your family at
the beach.
b. Coach: You are an expat from Scotland. You plan to travel back to Scotland to
spend Christmas with your family.
37

Challenges
a. How do you the handle a situation when you’re running behind schedule?
b. What are your plans for your next holiday?
c. Do you have a heavy workload? How do you manage a heavy workload?
G3 Business English
Definitions
a. Nowadays (adv): describes things that are happening now/today. E.g.

Everyone communicates through social media nowadays.
b. Workload (n): the amount of work that you have to do. E.g. Because of the
increase in workload, the employer decided to hire more employees.
c. Behind schedule (phrase): If you are ‘behind schedule,’ you are late on your
tasks and not following the schedule. E.g. Because everyone is behind schedule,
we’ll move the meeting from 9:00 am to 10:00 am.
d. Holiday (n): when people take time away from work to relax. E.g. I like to go to
the beach during my holidays.
e. Travel (v): to go somewhere. E.g. I am traveling to Bali for my holidays.
f. Whereabouts (n): the place where someone or something is. E.g. Please text
me your whereabouts so I can meet you.
g. Plan (n): method of achieving something. E.g. All businessmen and women
must develop a plan before they start a business.
38

Lesson 12
Review and Practice
Review Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Review
Please answer the following questions in complete sentences
1. What are some examples of office supplies?

2. What are some examples of paperwork that new employees have to sign?
3. What is a canteen? Is there a canteen in your office building?
4. What is the difference between being ‘behind schedule’ and being ‘on
schedule’?
5. What is the difference between ‘repairing’ something and ‘replacing’
something?
Challenges
1. Discuss with your coach about the responsibilities that your boss has
assigned you.
2. Describe an employee who is reliable. Why is this employee reliable?

a. There is a lack of _______ in Saigon.
b. There is a lack of _______ in Asia.
c. There is a lack of _______ in my house.
4. Lose or loose?
a. Teachers shouldn’t have _______ classroom rules especially for
kindergarten students. Please be careful not to _______ your keys!
39

5. Please match each statement with the correct picture.
a. The person is running towards the blue house.
b. The ball is under/below the table
c. The ball is on/above the table.
G3 Business English
d. The cat is on the opposite side of the dog.
1) 2)
3) 4)
40

Lesson 13
Welcoming a Guest
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
John is Company X’s business partner. He visits Company X’s office today. A
secretary takes John to the conference room to wait for the manager.
Secretary: Good morning, Mr. John. How are you today?
John: I’m doing just fine, thank you. And yourself?
Secretary: Just fine as well. I’d like to thank you again for visiting our office despite
your busy schedule.
John: Of course. I look forward to meeting with your manager.
Secretary: Likewise. If you could take a seat here, our manager is going to be right
with you. Would you like something to drink?
John: Coffee would be great.
Secretary: Sure. How would you like your coffee?
John: With milk and sugar, please, if that doesn’t cause too much trouble.
Secretary: Of course not. (Makes the coffee and serves it to John).
John: Thank you.
Secretary: It is my pleasure. If you don’t mind, I would like to schedule your meeting
for next month. Would you prefer the morning or afternoon?
John: Let me check my schedule (looks at his Google Calendar). I would prefer to meet
in the afternoon.
Secretary: Certainly. I will make arrangements for an afternoon meeting.

41

● How does John like his coffee?

● When does John prefer to meet next month?
● What new words or phrases did you learn from this role play? Please discuss
G3 Business English
Vocabulary
Synonyms of:
a. Visit
i. go over to, stop/drop by
b. Prefer
i. would rather, go for, favor
c. Trouble
i. difficulty, hassle, bother, inconvenience
Antonyms of:
a. Prefer
ii. dislike, refuse
b. Arrangement
ii. unplanned/disorganized meeting
Challenges
1. Discuss how you would welcome a new expat who just joined your company.
2. Would you prefer to take a new colleague to lunch or dinner in their first
week? Why?
3. How do you usually like your coffee or tea?
4. What is your schedule for tomorrow? Please explain to your coach in detail.
Definitions
a. Visit (v): To go somewhere to spend time at a place/to spend time with

someone. E.g. I’d love to visit you in America some day.
b. Prefer (v): If you prefer A over/to B, you like A better and you are more likely
to choose A rather than B. E.g. I’d prefer to live in hot weather over/to cold
weather anytime.
c. Schedule (n): A plan that gives a list of events or things you have to do within
a certain amount of time. E.g. Could we meet on Thursday? My schedule is
packed tomorrow.
42

d. Arrangement (n): Plans and preparations you make so that something will
happen. E.g. I will make dinner arrangements for tonight.
e. Trouble (n): Problems, inconvenience, and/or difficulties. E.g. Are you sure that
it’s okay for me to go over to your house tonight? I wouldn’t want to cause too
G3 Business English
much trouble.
f. Look forward to (phrase): to be excited about something that is going to

happen in the future. E.g. I look forward to seeing you again next week.
g. How would you like your coffee?: When someone asks you this question,
they are asking how you like your coffee to be made. For example, you could
reply:
a. Just black (no milk and sugar)
b. With some sugar
c. Just with milk and no sugar
d. With milk and sugar
43

Lesson 14
Checking Information
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
American Boss: As you’ve heard recently, our board members have made changes
to our employee policies. For this reason, I’m going to assign a couple of tasks.
Vietnamese HR Manager: Of course.
American Boss: First, I would like you to update our employee handbook and
distribute a new copy to each employee.
Vietnamese HR Manager: Pardon me, sir. Could you please repeat that again? I’m
afraid that I didn’t catch what you said because you spoke too fast.
American Boss: Not a problem. As I was saying, I would like you to update our
employee handbook and distribute a new copy to each employee in the office.
Vietnamese HR Manager: To clarify, you would like me to add the updates to our
employee handbook, print them, and distribute a copy to each employee?
American Boss: Exactly. Make sure to show me the new handbook before you print
it because I must approve it first.
Vietnamese HR Manager: Yes, sir.
American Boss: Next, I would need you to arrange an employee training soon in
order to update all employees on the new working policies.
Vietnamese HR Manager: Would you like me to distribute the new handbooks

before or during the training?
American Boss: During the training would be fine. Thank you.
44

● Who has made changes to the employee policies?

● The American Boss asks the HR Manager to do two things. What are they?
G3 Business English
coach.
Pronunciation
Stressed Syllables
a. aFRAID
b. apPROVE
c. resPOND
d. disTRIbute

a. Questions with ‘where,’ ‘when,’ ‘what,’ ‘which,’ ‘why,’ ‘who’, ‘whose’ ‘who’,
‘whose’, ‘whom’, and ‘how’ end with falling intonation.
b. Simple sentences that state facts and opinions end with falling intonation. For
example:
i. I’m afraid that I didn’t catch what you said because you spoke too fast.
ii. Make sure to show me the new handbook before you print it because I
must approve of it first.
c. Questions that have yes/no answers end with with rising intonation. These
i. Could you please repeat that again?
d. Questions with lists of items or options have rising intonation when listing
all the item(s)/option(s) before the last one and falling intonation for the last
item/option only.
i. To clarify, you would like me to add the updates to our employee
handbook, print them, and distribute a copy to each employee?
ii. Would you like me to distribute the new handbooks before or during
the training?
45

Challenges
1. Please pronounce these words correctly: distribute, contribute

a. Where are the stressed syllables for both words?
2. What are some things that you must make sure before you submit work to
G3 Business English
your boss?
3. I challenge you to say this phrase when you need your coach to repeat what
he/she says in the future. ‘Could you please repeat what you said? I didn’t catch
that.’ This is a useful and common phrase.
Definitions
a. I’m afraid that… (phrase): This is a polite way to say something that might
disappoint someone - unfortunately. E.g. I’m afraid that I won’t be able to make
it to dinner tonight because my daughter is sick./I’m afraid that we can’t give you
more discount because you are not a member.
b. Approve (v): If you ‘approve of’ something, you are okay with it. E.g. Our boss
has to approve of our plans before we execute it.
c. Add (v): to increase something. E.g. We should add more information about our
new product on our website.
d. Repeat (v): to do something again E.g. Could you please repeat what you said? I
didn’t quite catch that.
e. I didn’t catch that (phrase): I didn’t hear that./I didn’t fully understand that.
f. Make sure (v): to do something and check that something is 100% done. E.g.
Make sure that all the numbers are correct before you submit the report.
g. Distribute (v): to hand out things to other people. E.g. Make sure to distribute
the new uniforms to all employees.
46

Lesson 15
Asking for a Favour
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Sandra: Would you do me a huge favour and give me a hand with these boxes? I’m
moving them into my new office.
Tom: Of course! I’m happy to help you out. (Carries the boxes for Sandra and walks
with her to her office). Wow, you sure do have a lot of office supplies.
Sandra: I like to be prepared. If you need to borrow anything, please feel free to ask
me anytime.
Tom: Thank you, I appreciate it. (Puts the boxes in Sandra’s office).
Sandra: Thank you for your help, Tom! Let me know if you need help with anything.
I owe you a favour.
Tom: Actually, if you have spare time, would you mind helping me with my
presentation for tomorrow? I’m a bit confused about the details for the financial
report.
Sandra: Of course! However, I have a meeting with the senior manager in ten
minutes. How about you stop by my office after lunch? I’ll have some time then.
Tom: That would be perfect. Thank you, Sandra!
● On the first line of the role play, Sandra says, ‘hey Tom, would you do me a
huge favour and give me a hand with these boxes?’ In this context, what do
you think ‘give me a hand’ means? Have you heard of this phrase before?
● What did Tom need Sandra’s help with?
● When is Sandra going to help Tom?
47

1. Confused vs. Confusing
G3 Business English
a. Confused (adj): describes a person who is feeling lost and doesn’t
know what is going on. E.g. I am feeling confused. I don’t know what is
going on.
b. Confusing (adj): describes something that is difficult to understand.
E.g. The document is very confusing: it doesn’t explain the important
statements in detail.
The major difference between ‘confused’ and ‘confusing’ is

that ‘confused’ describes a person’s feeling. On the other hand,
‘confusing’ is commonly used to describe a situation, report, or
a person who is difficult for others to understand.
1. Borrow vs. Lend vs. Rent
b. Borrow (v): If you ‘borrow’ something that belongs to someone else,

you ask them permission to take it or use it for a period of time/ to
make a loan. E.g. A public library is a place where people can borrow books.
c. Lend (v): To give someone something to borrow. The past tense of
‘lend’ is ‘lent.’ E.g. My parents lent me money to study in University. They
told me that I have to pay them back five years after I graduate.
d. Rent (v): If you rent something, you regularly pay its owner rental fees
in order to be able to continue using it. E.g. When you rent an apartment,
you have to pay money to the landlord.
Fill in the blanks

Confused / confusing / borrow/ lend / rent
1. I am feeling _______ because this report is very _______.

2. Because I do not have sufficient funds to study in university, I have to go to
the bank to _______ some money.
3. I don’t feel comfortable _______ (verb in -ing form) money to strangers
because I don’t trust people whom I don’t know.
4. The disadvantage of _______ (verb in -ing form) a house is that you don’t have
ownership of it.
48

Challenges
1. How often do you ask your colleagues/manager for help at work?

Do you feel comfortable when asking others for help? Why or why not?
2. How often do your colleagues ask you for help at work?
G3 Business English
How often do you do others favours at work?
3. What do you do to show your appreciation to those who have helped you
out?
Definitions
b. Appreciate (v): to be thankful/grateful for something/someone. E.g. I

appreciate that you always tried to help me whenever I faced challenges.
c. ‘give someone a hand’ (idiom): to help or assist someone with something. E.g.
Can you give me a hand with these boxes? This means → Can you help me carry
some of these boxes?
d. ‘help someone out’ (phrase): to help someone with something, usually when
in trouble/hardship. E.g. Let me help you out with the boxes. They look too heavy
for you!
e. ‘do someone a favour’ (phrase): If you ‘do someone a favour,’ you do it out of
kindness, not because you are required to do it. ‘Could you do me a favour?’’
is a polite way to ask someone for help. E.g. Can you do me a favour and print 30
copies of the report? Thank you.
49

Lesson 16
Clarifying information
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
John, computer programmer, asks his manager to clarify an assigned task.
Manager: Good morning John. Thank you for meeting me in my office today.
John: Not a problem.
Manager: Would you be able to make our homepage more user-friendly?
John: I don’t quite understand what you mean by ‘user-friendly.’ Could you be more
specific?
Manager: Sure. As of now, there are too many disorganized items on our webpage
that makes it difficult for our customers to navigate through the website.
John: Could you please clarify that?
Manager: Here, let me show you. I think that this will help you understand better.
(pulls up the website on the computer to show John). As you can see, we have two menu
bars. I would like you to rearrange the items on the menu so that they are divided
into specific sections.
John: I’m not sure how you would like me to organize the items.
Manager: Let me put it another way. I would like you to categorize each menu item
according to the type of clothing. For example, items such as ‘tops’ and ‘dresses’
should be under ‘women’s clothing.’ Are we on the same page?
John: Yes. I understand what you mean now.
Manager: Good. I would like you to update the website by next week if possible.
Let’s set up a time to talk again after you’re done with the assignment.
50

● What task did the manager assign John?

● When John didn’t understand what the manager was asking for, how did he
ask for clarification? What sentences/phrases did he use?
● After explaining the task to John in detail, the Manager asks, ‘are we on the
G3 Business English
same page now’? What do you think ‘on the same page’ means in this context?
(Hint: Look at John’s response to this question on the next line).
Grammar Lesson: Let’s vs. Let us vs. Let me
1. We use ‘let’ to talk about suggestions, proposals or commands (imperative).
2. Format for ‘let’s’ and ‘let me’

a. Let + (us/me) + verb (in simple present tense)
3. For example
a. Let’s meet next week.
b. Let me look at the photos.
c. Let us play with you (for commands, use ‘let us’ instead of ‘let’s’)
Let’s (let us) Let us Let me
Used to make a suggestion, Unlike “let’s”, if used in full Used to make a polite
proposal, invitation, or form, ‘let us’ is a command to suggestion, proposal, or
command for a group (you + someone on behalf of a command from an individual
others) pair/group. (just you)
Examples: Examples: Examples:
● Let’s set up a time to talk ● Please open the door ● Let me put it another
next week. Meaning: The and let us in. way.
person who said this is
requesting to have a ● Let us join this game. ● Meaning: The person
meeting together next We also want to play. who said this is
week. requesting to explain
● Please let us know the information again.
● Let’s go out together. about the project.
(Invitation) (command to someone ● Let me give you a hand
on behalf of a with those boxes.
● Let’s pick a place for pair/group)
dinner tonight. ● Let me show you around
(Suggestion) town.
● Let’s all achieve the sales ● Let me in, please.

target this year.
(Command to everyone
including yourself)
51

Fill in the blanks
Grammar Practice: Please fill in the blanks with ‘let’s’, ‘let us’ or ‘let me’
1. _______ keep up the good work as a team.
G3 Business English
2. _______ show you where my office is.
3. _______ take a look at it, please. I’d like to see it.
4. _______ take you to our favourite restaurant.
5. _______ meet together again next week.
6. _______ take part in this event. We want to be involved too!
Challenges
1. If you were a manager, what would you do if your employees were not on the
same page with a new idea/strategy that you’ve developed?
2. If you were looking to hire a new employee onto your team, what specific
qualifications/characteristics would you require?
3. Discuss the consequences if you don’t clarify what you say at work.
Definitions
a. ‘On the same page’ (phrase): To understand something OR to agree with

someone. E.g. Teachers must make sure that the students are all on the same page
before teaching a new subject./The team leader wanted to make sure that
everyone on the team was on the same page before he executed the plan.
b. Quite (adv): You use ‘quite’ to emphasize what you are saying. E.g. The
manager’s presentation was quite confusing.
c. Clarify (v): To explain something clearly so that it is easier to understand. E.g.

Could you please clarify the issue?
d. Set up (v): If you ‘set up’ something, you create or arrange it. E.g. We must set
up a meeting to discuss our customers’ complaints.
e. Specific (adj): Describes something that is particular and in detail. E.g. Each
employee is responsible for specific tasks.
52

Lesson 17
Suggesting an Idea
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Role Play 1- Suggesting an idea to a colleague one on one (Informal)
Penny and Fred are both salespersons. Fred hasn’t been making much sales in his first
week and is concerned that he won’t meet his monthly quota.
Penny: How have you been doing with your sales lately?
Fred: Honestly, not so well. I haven’t been making much sales this week. It doesn’t
seem like a lot of customers are interested in the product. Do you have any advice?
Penny: That seems challenging. I would advise you to stop focusing on your numbers
and start focusing on your customers’ needs. If I were a customer, I wouldn’t decide
to buy a product if I knew that the salesperson was only interested in making money.
Fred: That makes sense. Would you mind mentoring me for the next couple of
weeks?
Penny: I won’t be able to mentor you during work hours. How about we meet after
work and I’ll train you over dinner? I’d also recommend you to ask your manager for
help.
Fred:That sounds like a plan. Thank you, I appreciate it.
Penny: Not a problem.
● What has Fred been struggling with?

● What recommendation/advice does Penny give Fred?
53

Role Play 2 - Suggesting an idea in a meeting (Formal)
Let the coach be Jo and the student be Ben and Sam.
Jo: As you can see from our KPI, our profits haven’t been growing for a while. We
need to develop a new strategy to increase our profits.
G3 Business English
Ben: I would suggest us to re-organize our warehouse in order to maximize
efficiency. This way, we could process more customer orders within a day.
Jo: Great idea. This is an option we could definitely consider.
Sam: Why don’t we come up with a new marketing strategy and target new
customers?
Jo: I would rather not because our annual budget is already running low.
● What suggestion did Ben make?

● What suggestion did Sam make?
● What suggestion did Jo like more?
Scenario 1- Suggesting an idea to a colleague one on one (informal)
a. Student: You and your coach are colleagues. Your colleague has been feeling
very stressed out at work and can’t decide whether he/she should resign or
not. You suggest that your colleague take a couple of days off work to take a
break and consider his/her resignation. You can also offer other suggestions.
Be creative! Please try to use the new words from this lesson.
b. Coach: You have been very stressed out at work for the past few months.
You realize that you do not enjoy your job anymore. You haven’t had time to
look for other jobs because you have been too busy with your current job.
You would rather keep working because you’re afraid of unemployment.
However, at the same time, you are also very stressed.
Scenario 2- Suggesting an idea in a meeting (Formal)
a. Student: You are a vice president in a meeting. You suggest decreasing all
employees’ salaries by 10% instead of letting them go. You also suggest that
the marketing team should develop more creative strategies for advertising.
You can also offer other suggestions. Be creative! Please try to use the new
words from this lesson.
b. Coach: You are a CEO a the meeting. Your company’s profits have been
decreasing in the past few months. Your company is losing a lot of money and
you are considering letting some employees go.
54

Here are some common phrases for making suggestions:
a. How about + verb+ing?

b. Why don’t we + verb?
c. I’d recommend + verb+ing
d. Maybe we should + verb
G3 Business English
e. I would advise you to + verb
Challenges
1. You work for an ice-cream company and they are trying to come up with new
flavours. Make suggestions for flavours by using ‘the common phrases for
making suggestions. ‘
2. Your coach witnessed a colleague do something unethical at work. Your coach
doesn’t know how to deal with the situation and is asking you for advice. Use
the following phrases to give your coach advice.
a. I would advise you to + verb…
b. If I were you, I would + verb…
3. How often do you have to make suggestions at work? What kind of
suggestions do you offer?
4. What is the difference between a suggestion and a recommendation? Please
discuss this with your coach.
Definitions
a. Why don’t we + verb (phrase): You say this when you are about to suggest
something. E.g. Why don’t we come up with a new marketing strategy?/ Why don’t
we meet you at the restaurant?
b. Recommend (v): to advise someone that they should do something.

E.g. I would recommend you to try the restaurant that is down the street. They make
delicious steaks.
c. Would you mind + verb+ing? (phrase): This is a very polite way to ask
someone to do something. E.g. Would you mind carrying my bags for me?/ Would
you mind distributing the documents?
d. Decide (v): to choose to do something after thinking about it. E.g. The board
members decided to vote for the CEO to step down.
e. Advise (v): to give someone advice to do something. E.g. The doctor advised him
to exercise five times a week.
55

f. Would rather (v): If you ‘would rather’ do something, you would prefer it to
the other thing. E.g. I would rather exercise in the morning so I don’t need to worry
about it in the evening.
g. Option (n): something that you can choose to do. E.g. You must consider your
options carefully before choosing one.
G3 Business English
h. Definitely (adv): You use ‘definitely’ to emphasize the point that you are
making. E.g. I think that the first option is definitely the best for our situation.
i. Suggest (v): to give an idea or plan for others to think about it. E.g. Since it’s
raining, John suggested we should watch a movie instead of going to the park.
j. Consider (v): to think about something carefully. E.g. We must consider how
much we can afford before deciding on a marketing strategy.
56

Lesson 18
Review and Practice
Review Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Review
Please answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. What does it mean to ‘look forward to’ something? What do you look forward to
next week?
2. What is another way to say ‘I didn’t hear that’? (From Lesson 14)
3. What does it mean to ‘give someone a hand’? What about ‘do someone a favour’?
4. What happens when two people are not on the same page?
5. What is the difference between a recommendation and a suggestion?
Challenges
1. Find out how your coach likes his/her coffee, tea, eggs, and steak.
2. Tell your coach that you have to cancel your next class. Make sure to use the
phrase ‘I’m afraid that…’
3. Tell your coach the major difference between confused and confusing.
4. Please fill in the blanks with let’s, let us or let me.

a. ____________ team up for this project.
b. ____________ have some time for myself, please.
c. ____________ share with you on how I do it.
d. ____________ meet again tomorrow.
e. ____________ take her to our favorite shopping mall.
f. ____________ both work in peace, please.
5. List at least 3 common phrases that can be used when making suggestions (from
lesson 17). 57

Lesson 19
Making an Appointment
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Role Play 1- Internal Meeting
Manager: Hey John! We need to arrange an appointment to prepare for our meeting
with the bank next month. What would work better for you, the morning or afternoon?
John: I’d prefer to meet in the morning, if possible.
Manager: Let me look at my schedule for next week. (Looks at his Google Calendar).
Would Tuesday morning at 9:00 am work for you? It seems like I’ll be unavailable on
other days.
John: That’s fine.
Manager: Great! Thank you. I’m putting it down on my calendar right now.
● What is the manager’s purpose for meeting with John next week?
● When are they going to meet next week?
Role Play 2 - External Meeting
Company X secretary: (Phone rings) Company X, this is Mary speaking, how may I help
you?
Financial advisor: Good morning, Mary. This is Tim, the financial advisor. I’d like to
make an appointment with Mr. Tai, the CEO as soon as possible.
Company X secretary: Sure. Would you prefer mornings or afternoons?

58

Financial advisor: Mornings, if possible.
Company X secretary: (Looks at the schedule). I’m afraid that Mr. Tai will be busy with
meetings all morning tomorrow. Would Thursday or Friday morning be convenient
for you?
G3 Business English
Financial advisor: Either is fine.
Company X secretary: How about Thursday morning?
Financial advisor: That would work. Thank you.
● When does the financial advisor prefer to meet?

● When is the financial advisor going to meet with Mr. Tai?
Scenario 1- Internal Meeting
a. Person A: You are a manager and you have a meeting with your new
employee. You just discussed about the employee’s job performance for
his/her 1-month probation. Find out when the employee is available next
month so that you can arrange another meeting to evaluate his/her job
performance. Please try to use the following words/phrases in the role play:
1. When would you prefer to meet, morning or afternoon?
2. Could we meet on (date + time)?
3. Appointment
4. Perfect! I’ll arrange our next meeting to be on (date + time)
b. Person B: You are the new employee and you respond to the manager’s
questions about your next meeting. Please try to use the following
words/phrases in the role play:
1. Would (date + time) work for you?
2. Appointment
3. Possible
Scenario 2- External Meeting (Phone Conversation)
a. Person A: You are the sales manager of Company X. You have to make an
appointment with the CEO of Company Y this week (through the phone)
because you would like to sell your products to them. Please try to use the new
words from this lesson.
b. Person B: You are the secretary of Company Y. You help Person A (the sales
manager) make an appointment with the CEO of Company Y. Please try to use
the new words from this lesson.
59

Challenges
1. Find out when your Coach is free to teach you next week. Try to use the
G3 Business English
vocabulary from this lesson.
2. Discuss the ways you could ask an employee/client to reschedule a meeting.
3. Would you prefer to schedule a meeting with an employee/client through the
phone, email, or in person? Why?
Definitions
a. Appointment (n): If you have an ‘appointment with’ someone, you have

scheduled to meet them at a specific place and time for a specific purpose.
E.g. The CEO has an appointment with the investors tomorrow to discuss the
company’s annual report.
b. Prefer (v): to like an option better than the other option(s) that are available.
E.g. Would you prefer to meet in the morning or in the afternoon? I’d prefer to meet
in the morning, if possible.
c. Convenient (adj): describes something that requires a minimum amount of

time and energy to accomplish. E.g. Online banking is a convenient way for
clients to monitor their money./It’s quite convenient to live near the office.
d. Possible (adj): describes something that has a high chance to be done or

achieved. E.g. Is it possible to rearrange our meeting for tomorrow? I’m afraid
that’s not possible because our manager will be abroad for the next two weeks.
e. Arrange (v): to plan, prepare for, or organize something. E.g. The interview has
been arranged for Wednesday.
60

Lesson 20
Opening a Meeting
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Please have the student read the following paragraphs about opening a meeting
Good morning, everyone! Thank you all for attending on such short notice. I’d like to
take a moment to introduce our new employee, Jane, who just joined our team two
weeks ago. Let’s give Jane a warm welcome, shall we? (Everyone claps softly).
Unfortunately, Mr. Bread is unable to join us today due to a death of his family
member. Please make sure to express your condolences to Mr. Bread. He would
greatly appreciate it. Thank you.
According to our agenda, we have three items that must be discussed in this meeting.
First, we are going to discuss about our company’s financial status for last year.
Second, we are going to discuss about our company’s current financial status, and
lastly, we are going to discuss about our financial plans for the upcoming fiscal year.
As for a quick reminder, all contents of our meeting are being recorded in the
minutes, which will be available to all of you by tomorrow morning. Does anyone
have any questions before we begin?
Let’s talk about the speech
● According to this paragraph, how did the speaker open the meeting? Please
explain it step by step.
● In the first paragraph, the speaker says, ‘please make sure to express your
condolences to Mr. Bread.’ In your opinion, what does this sentence mean?
61

Common phrases/sentences that are used when opening a meeting
1. I think we’ll begin now. First, I’d like to welcome you all.
2. Thank you for taking time out of your busy schedules for this meeting.
3. I appreciate you all for attending.
4. Thank you all for coming despite the short notice.
G3 Business English
5. We have a lot to cover today so we really should begin.
Pronunciation
Please read the following sentences in the correct rising/falling intonation.

1. According to our agenda, we have three items that must be discussed in this
meeting.
a. If the sentence starts with a dependent clause that is followed by a
comma, you read the first part with rising intonation and the part
AFTER the comma with a falling intonation.
b. Dependent clauses are clauses that cannot stand alone as a complete
sentence because it does not express a complete thought. ‘According
to our agenda’ is NOT a full sentence. Dependent clauses must always
be paired with an independent clause to make a full sentence like the
sentences shown above.
2. Questions that have yes/no answers end with with rising intonation. These
a. Let’s give Jane a warm welcome, shall we?
b. Does anyone have any questions before we move onto our first item
on the agenda?
62

Challenges
1. Have you ever opened a meeting before? If you have, please describe your
experience to your coach. If not, discuss with your coach the appropriate
ways to open a meeting (in your opinion).
G3 Business English
2. In your opinion, what must the leader/ facilitator of a meeting do in order to
ensure that the meeting is effective?
3. In your opinion, how should a leader/ manager resolve employee conflicts in a
meeting?
Definitions
a. Apologies (n): Members who are unable to attend the meeting are expected
to give their ‘apologies’ through email or phone to notify the leader of their
absence. E.g. Apologies for not making it to the meeting.
b. Unfortunately (adv): You say ‘unfortunately’ to express your regret or

disappointment to someone or something. E.g. Unfortunately, Jane is unable to
join us in our meeting today due to family emergencies.
c. Minutes (n): the written or recorded documentation about what happened

during a meeting. Minutes are used to inform attendees and non-attendees.
E.g. Sandra will be taking the minutes for this meeting.
d. Agenda (n): a list of items that has to be discussed in a meeting. E.g. Please add
this topic to our meeting agenda for next week.
e. Notice (n/v): 1) (n) an announcement in advance. 2) (v) to realize/become

aware of something. E.g. I apologize for having to reschedule the meeting on such
short notice./ I’ve noticed that many Vietnamese people like to eat spicy food.
f. Attend (v): If you ‘attend’ a meeting, you are present at it. E.g. Make sure that
you attend the meeting on time.
g. Begin (v): to start. E.g. I’d like to begin by thanking all of you for attending the
meeting today.
63

Lesson 21
Sharing Opinions
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Michael: Due to the critical virus outbreak, our director has asked us to discuss how
we should handle the situation. What do you think?
Jason: I firmly believe that this is a very serious issue. We should announce a
work-from-home policy.
Michael: I’m not quite sure if I agree with your opinion. Some work requires
face-to-face interactions. Plus, how can we be sure that they WORK while they are at
home?
Jason: I see your point, but in my honest opinion, it is important that we prevent
people from getting infected. How about we start enforcing the policy with the
employees who have recently travelled abroad and those who are sick?
Michael: That’s actually a very good idea. Also, we should make sure that they report
their work to their managers.
Jason: I’m with you on this. For other employees who want to work from home, they
can ask for a permission from their manager.
Michael: We are of one mind.
Jason: I am glad. Our employees’ health and wellbeing should be our first concerns.
I’ll write a written policy and announce it immediately.
64

● What are the managers debating about in this role play?

● Why does Jason think they should announce a work-from-home policy?
● Do the managers come up with a solution/agreement? What is it?
G3 Business English
Vocabulary & Phrases
Common phrases used when sharing opinions
1. Asking for opinions

a. What’s your opinion on…?
b. What are your thoughts on + noun?
c. What do you think?
2. Sharing your opinion

a. From my point of view…
b. I firmly believe that…
c. As far as I’m concerned…
d. If you want my honest opinion…
e. In my opinion,...
3. Agreeing
a. I simply must agree with that.
b. I share your point of view on this one.
c. I couldn’t agree with you more.
d. We are of one mind.
e. Tell me about it!
f. No doubt about it.
g. I’m with you.
h. (weak) I suppose so
4. Disagreeing
a. I am of a different opinion because…
b. I respect your opinion, of course, however, …
c. I’m not so sure about that…
d. I think otherwise.
e. I take a different view.
f. I beg to differ.
65

Challenges
Discuss with your coach about the statements below. Share your point of view. Explain
whether you agree or disagree with each statement. Try to use the vocabulary and phrases
G3 Business English
from this lesson.
1. Open floor plans are better than cubicle farms.

2. Men should be given more time off for paternity leave.
3. We need laws to ensure that women receive salaries comparable to men who
have the same positions as them.
4. Curfews keep teenagers out of trouble.
5. People should be punished for cyberbullying.
6. Abortion is equivalent to murder.
7. Every citizen should have the right to own a gun for self-defence.
Definitions
a. Firmly (adv): If you ‘firmly’ believe in something, it means that you strongly
believe in that thing. You can say any of the following: I firmly believe that…, I
firmly agree, or I firmly disagree
b. Point of view (n): your opinions and perspectives about something. E.g.
Sometimes it’s important to understand others by seeing matters from their point
of view.
c. Opinion (n): your thoughts and beliefs about something. E.g. It is illegal to
share your negative opinions about the Royal Family in public.
66

Lesson 22
Agreeing and Disagreeing
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Board Member 1: What is your point of view on our current CEO?
Board Member 2: I think that he is doing a great job. I respect him a lot. What about
you?
Board Member 1: My opinion differs from yours. While I do respect him as well, I
don’t think that his strategies will be beneficial to our company’s long-term growth.
Board Member 2: I don’t altogether agree with you. I think that we should at least
give him a chance before we start looking for another CEO. Besides, our profits have
increased ever since we hired him.
Board Member 1: I think otherwise. Even though our profits have increased within
the first couple of months of his instatement, they have recently become stagnant. If
we don’t start looking for a new CEO as soon as possible, it could negatively affect
our company performance.
Board Member 2: I understand...but I doubt that we’ll be able to find anyone as

competent as our current CEO anytime soon. This is a difficult position to fill.
● What is Board Member 1’s point of view on the current CEO?

● What is Board Member 2’s point of view on the current CEO?
67

1. Affect vs. Effect
G3 Business English
a. Affect (v): to influence/impact/change something. Remember that
‘affect’ is a VERB. E.g. Looking at the computer screen for a long time will
affect your eyesight.
b. Effect (n): the result of a change. Think of ‘cause and effect.’
Remember that ‘effect’ is a NOUN. E.g. The effect of looking at a
computer screen for a long time is poor eyesight.
2. Altogether vs. All together
a. Altogether (adv): completely; totally: you use ‘altogether’ to make a

disagreement seem more polite and less strong. E.g. I don’t altogether
agree with you.
b. All together (phrase): Everything in one place. E.g. Please put the
documents all together into one pile.
Fill in the blanks
affect/ effect/ altogether/ all together
1. The _______ of the typhoon were terrible. It _______ (past tense) many families
and now many people are left homeless.
2. The board members are not _______ sure whether the CEO is able to handle
this problem or not.
3. The wedding guests were gathered _______ in the banquet hall.
4. Amanda’s poor test scores _______ (past tense) her school ranking. She was
number 2 in her class but now she is number 5. She is very disappointed that
this may have a negative _______ on her college applications.
68

Challenges
1. Discuss with your coach about your point of view of democracy and
communism. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
G3 Business English
2. What do you usually do when you disagree with a colleague?
3. Discuss with your coach about the effects of a declining economy.
Definitions
a. Respect (v): If you ‘respect’ someone’s opinion, you value their opinion even
if you disagree with it. E.g. I respect your opinion even though I do not fully agree
with you.
b. Stagnant (adj): When there is little to no change happening. E.g. The economy
of country A has been stagnant in the past few years.
c. Doubt (v): If you ‘doubt’ something, you do not think that it is NOT true or
possible. E.g. I doubt that our boss will increase our salaries anytime soon due to
the bad economy.
d. Point of view (v): Your opinions and thoughts about something. E.g. Even
though we have different point of views, I believe that we can compromise.
e. Differ (v): If two or more things ‘differ,’ they are unlike each other in some
way. E.g. Even though your opinion differs from mine, I still respect you.
f. Otherwise (conjunction): you use ‘otherwise’ after an order/suggestion to

show what the result will be if you do not follow that order/suggestion. E.g.
I’ll have to write that down, otherwise I’ll forget it./You better apologize soon
otherwise it’ll be too late.
g. Affect (v): to influence/impact/change something. Remember that ‘affect’ is

a VERB. E.g. Looking at the computer screen for a long time will affect your
eyesight.
h. Altogether (adv): completely, totally. E.g. I don’t altogether agree with you.
i. Instatement (n): the act of hiring someone and officially admitting him/ her
to the office. E.g. Mr. Beard’s instatement to a higher position happened last
month.
69

Lesson 23
Closing a Meeting
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Please have the student read the following paragraphs to close a meeting.
This leads us to the conclusion of today’s meeting. To sum up briefly, even though our
profits stagnated last year, we are seeing a gradual increase this year. Our data
predicts that the numbers are going to grow even more next year. We must keep up
the excellent work as a team in general. It is certain that our company is going to
start expanding at a steady pace. Furthermore, we are planning to hire another sales
manager to help us develop effective strategies in boosting sales.
Lastly, I would like to thank all of you for voting on the motion we discussed earlier.
All of your input and hard work have helped our company. As for our next meeting,
we are going to discuss about marketing strategies at 10:00am on June 15th in this
conference room. Does anyone have any questions before we close the meeting?
(Pauses for few seconds). Perfect! Thank you again, everyone, for your attention.
Let’s talk about the speech

● According to these paragraphs, how does the speaker close the meeting?
Please explain it step by step.
Common phrases used when closing a meeting
1. Let me briefly summarize what we have covered today.

2. To sum up… OR to wrap-up...
3. Again, I want to thank you all for taking time out of your busy schedules to be
here today.
4. If anyone has any questions about anything we discussed today, feel free to
contact me via email.
5. The minutes from today’s meeting will be posted as of tomorrow afternoon.
6. I’ll send out a group text with the voting results for the motion. 70

Grammar Lesson: Present Perfect Tense
What is the Present Perfect Tense?
Subject + have/has + VERB (in past participle form).

1. I have visited Da Lat several times.
G3 Business English
2. He has been late many times.
When to use the Present Perfect?

Unspecified to talk about a past action 1) Experience
time in the that happened in an a) Have you ever worked as a
past unspecified time. This manager?
means that we know that b) Yes, I have worked as a manager.
the action happened in the
2) Change over time
past but we don’t know
a) I have improved in public
the date/ time/ year that it
speaking since my last
happened.
presentation.
1) Experience b) All of your input and hardwork
2) Change over time has helped our company grow.
When to use the Present Perfect (Continuous)?
Duration of to talk about actions that ● I have been sick for the past 2 days.
past action have started in the past (This means that I started being sick 2
to the and has continued until days ago and I am still sick now).
present now.
● Our company has been growing
Form: have/has + been + ever since it was established.
verb-ing* OR adjective
*Note: with verb-ing, the

present perfect
continuous is formed
Important differences between the Present Perfect Tense and Past Simple Tense
Present Perfect
Q: Have you worked as a manager before?

A: Yes. I have worked as a manager before. / No. I haven’t worked as a
manager before. ← Talks about the past but doesn’t have a specific time.
Past Simple
Q: When did you work as a manager?

A: I worked as a manager from 2016-2017. ← Talks about the past and has a
specific time.
71

Please compose questions/ answers in the Present Perfect OR Past Simple Tense
1. Q: When was the company established?

A: The company ______________in 1989.
1. Q: Have you been to Mexico?
G3 Business English
A: Yes, I ____________________________
1. Q: __________________________________
A: I haven’t worked with Company X before.
1. Q: How long have you been working at the Company for?

A: I ________ been working at the Company for 5 years.
Challenges
1. In your opinion, what are the most important items to cover when closing a
meeting?
2. Have you ever voted on a motion in a meeting before? How do employees
and managers finalize decisions in meetings?
3. Discuss with your coach the ways you can end a meeting on a positive note.
Definitions
a. Briefly (adv): If you say something ‘briefly,’ you use very few words or give
very few details. You only focus on the important and general ideas. E.g. I’m
going to briefly summarize our meeting before we close today’s presentation.
b. To sum up (v): to summarize. E.g. To sum up, our company is performing well.
c. Certain (adj): If you are/feel ‘certain’ about something, you are sure of it. E.g.
I am certain that our company is going to increase profits by 7% next month.
d. In general (phrase): You say ‘in general’ when you refer to the big picture of
something, rather than the parts and details of it. E.g. Even though the third
section of her presentation was understandable, her whole presentation was quite
confusing in general.
e. Furthermore (adv): You say ‘furthermore’ to introduce information that

adds to or supports the previous one. E.g. The procedures of abortion are quite
inhumane to the baby. Furthermore, the procedure itself also puts the mother’s
life at risk.
f. Motion (n): a formal proposal or statement in a meeting that must be voted

on or decided on by its members. E.g. The attendees are now debating the
motion and will vote on it shortly./Those who are in favour of the motion please
raise your hand. 72

Lesson 24
Review and Practice
Review Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Review
1. How is our society today more convenient than the society 10-20 years ago?
2. If your boss says ‘we have a lot to cover today’ in a meeting, what does he/she
mean?
3. What is your point of view on giving money to the poor? Please share your
opinions on this matter.
4. What are some things that you doubt about the world? What are some things
that you are certain about this world? E.g. I doubt that aliens exist./I am certain
that the world is round.
5. What does it mean to say something briefly?
Challenges
1. Please match the following definitions with the correct words from the word
box.
Appointment Possible Prefer
a. To like an option better than other options that are available.

b. If you have an ____________ with someone, you have scheduled to meet
them at a specific place and time for a specific purpose.
c. Describes something that has a high chance to be one or achieved.
73

2. Meeting vocabulary: Please explain the meaning of each word to your coach.
a. Apologies
b. Agenda
c. Minutes
d. Notice
e. Motion
G3 Business English
2. The function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers.’
Please state whether you agree or disagree with this statement. Make sure to
support your answer with reasons.
2. Fill in the blanks (affect/effect/altogether/all together)

b. The coach is not _______sure whether or not the athlete can run due to
his injury.
c. The _______(plural form) of the hurricane were terrible.
d. It _______ (past tense) many villages and now many people do not have
electricity.
e. Ana has been eating too much junk food which _______(ed) her weight.
f. This could have a long-term _______ on her health.
g. The flowers were put _______ into a bouquet.
74

Lesson 25
Making a Call
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Have the student be the secretary and the coach be the receptionist and Mr. Mike.
Receptionist: (Phone rings) Mike’s office. This is Yolanda speaking, how can I help you?
Secretary: Hi Yolanda, this is Linda calling on behalf of Mr. Wood. May I speak to Mr.
Mike?
Receptionist: Sure. If you don’t mind, I’m going to put you on hold as I put you through
to Mr. Mike.
Secretary: That’s fine.
Receptionist: (presses the hold button and transfers the call to Mr. Mike)
Mr. Mike: This is Mike speaking.
Secretary: Hi Mike! How are you? This is Linda, Mr. Wood’s secretary. I am calling to
confirm his appointment with you next week.
Mr. Mike: An appointment?
Secretary: Yes, the consultant meeting.
Mr. Mike: Of course, my apologies. Would Mr. Wood be willing to reschedule for a
sooner date? I’m afraid that I am no longer available on the date that we’ve originally
scheduled.
Secretary: I’ll have to ask Mr. Wood to get back to you.
Mr. Mike: Of course, I understand. Let me give you my cell number so that you or Mr.
Wood would be able to reach me directly. If my line is busy when you call, please leave
a voicemail and I’ll get back to you as soon as possible. Thank you.
75

● Who is the secretary trying to reach?

● Why does Mr. Mike need to reschedule?
● Do they reschedule the appointment successfully by the end of this role play?
G3 Business English
Why or why not? What happened?
Vocabulary
Synonyms of:
a. Reach
i. get a hold of, contact, get in touch with
b. Hold
i. wait, stop, halt
c. Available
i. free, reachable
d. Schedule (v)
i. organize, arrange, set up
Antonyms of:
a. Available
ii. unavailable, busy, engaged
Challenges
1. Do you answer a lot of phone calls at work? What kind of phone calls do you
receive? How do you deal with phone calls?
2. How do others usually reach you at work? (via phone, email, etc…)
3. First, discuss about the situations that would require one to reschedule
appointments. Second, discuss about polite and appropriate ways to
reschedule appointments.
76

Definitions
a. ‘put someone through’ (phrase): to connect someone using a telephone with

the person he/she wants to speak to. E.g. Can you put me through to customer
service, please?
G3 Business English
b. ‘the line is busy’ (phrase): this means that the person that you’re trying to call
is busy talking to someone else on the phone at that time. E.g. If my line is busy
when you call, please leave a voicemail and I’ll get back to you as soon as possible.
c. Reach (v): to try to contact someone on the phone. E.g. I was unable to reach her
on the phone yesterday because she was out of the office for a family emergency.
d. Available (adj): describes someone who is free and not busy. E.g. I will be
available to talk in the afternoon.
e. Schedule (v): to plan a specific date and time for an activity or event. E.g. I’ll
schedule the conference for next month.
f. ‘Put someone on hold’ (phrase): If you ‘put someone on hold’ on the phone,
you click a button so that the caller cannot hear you or speak to you. The caller
has to wait until you finish and click a button to ‘unhold’ to continue talking to
you. E.g. Would you mind if I put you on hold while I look for Mr. Simmons?
g. Reschedule (v): to change the date and time of the original schedule. E.g.
Would it be possible to reschedule our interview tomorrow?
h. Appointment (n): If you have an ‘appointment with’ someone, you have

scheduled to meet them at a specific place and time for a specific purpose. E.g.
The CEO has an appointment with the investors tomorrow to discuss about the
company’s annual report.
77

Lesson 26
Purpose of the Call
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Office Supplier: (Phone rings) Supply department. How can I help you?
Supply Manager: Hi, I am the supply manager calling from Company A and I’d like to
make a general inquiry in regard to ordering office supplies.
Office Supplier: Of course! You’ve reached the right number. What kind of supplies
are you looking for?
Supply Manager: Basic stationery such as paper clips, notebooks, staples, and sticky
notes.
Office Supplier: I see. Do you currently have a supplier?
Supply Manager: Yes. However, we are in the process of looking for a new one
because our current supplier isn’t very reliable. They often experience technical
difficulties in their computer systems, which causes unexpected delays in delivery.
Office Supplier: That sounds like an inconvenience.
Supply Manager: It really is.
Office Supplier: Well, I am more than happy to set up a meeting to discuss further
details for negotiation. When would you be available?
● What is the main purpose of this call?

● Why is the Supply Manager looking for a new office supplier?
coach.
78

Pronunciation
Stressed Syllables
a. INquiry / inQUIry
G3 Business English
b. TECHnical
c. STAtionery
d. unexPECted

b. Questions with ‘where,’ ‘when,’ ‘what,’ ‘which,’ ‘why,’ ‘who’, ‘who’, ‘whose’,
‘whom’, and ‘how’ end with falling intonation. For example:
i. How can I help you?
ii. When would you be available?
iii. What kind of supplies are you looking for?
c. Simple sentences that state facts and opinions end with falling intonation. For
example:
i. You’ve reached the right number.
ii. That sounds like an inconvenience.
d. Questions that have yes/no answers end with with rising intonation. These
i. Do you currently have a supplier?
Challenges
1. List all the office supplies that are on your desk. Then, state the top three
office supplies that you use.
2. Have you ever experienced technical difficulties at work? How did you
resolve the issue?
3. What is the standard procedure for making an inquiry or filing complaint at
your company?
79

Definitions
a. In regard to (phrase): about or related to.E.g. I am calling in regard to (or about)

a recent purchase I’ve made online from your website.
G3 Business English
b. Inquiry (n): a question that you ask in order to get some information. E.g. The
customer made some inquiries about the company’s new policies.
c. General (adj): describes the big picture of something and NOT the specific
details. E.g. Most people are concerned about money in general.
d. Technical difficulties (adj): unexpected equipment problems such as the

phone/computer not working. E.g. Due to technical difficulties, we must delay
our presentation.
e. Unexpected (adj): describes an event that is surprising because it was

unplanned. E.g. We are experiencing some unexpected technical difficulties.
f. Office supplies (n): tools and objects that you use in the office. Office supplies
include folders, staplers, paper clips, pencils, hole punchers, sticky notes,
tape, notepad paper, glue, etc.
g. Stationery (n): refers to all types of materials that are used for writing such
as: pen, pencil, paper, notebook, and envelopes.
80

Lesson 27
Leaving a Message
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Receptionist: (Phone rings) Human Resources Department, could you hold for one
moment? I’m on another line.
Salesperson: Sure.
Receptionist: Hello! I apologize for keeping you waiting. We’ve been receiving a lot of
calls lately. How can I help you?
Salesperson: Not a problem. My name is Tim and I am calling from Company A. Would
it be possible for me to speak with your HR Manager?
Receptionist: I’m afraid that our HR Manager is on holiday this week but he will be
back in the office by next Monday. Could I take a message?
Salesperson: My message is confidential. Would you be able to give me his email

instead so that I could write him myself?
Receptionist: Of course. His email is chandler@company.com.
Salesperson: Thank you.
Receptionist: Could you provide your full name and phone number? I’m going to leave
a note on the HR Manager’s desk to let him know that you called and that further
information will be sent to his email.
Salesperson: Of course. My name is Tim Talbot and my number is 0989098989.
Receptionist: Alright, Mr. Talbot. Our HR Manager should get back to you as soon as
possible once he returns from holiday.
Salesperson: Thank you. I appreciate your help.

81

● Who does the salesperson want to speak to?

● Is the HR Manager available at the moment? Why or why not?
● How is the salesperson going to contact the HR Manager?
G3 Business English
a. ‘to get back to someone’ vs. ‘to get back at someone’
i. ‘to get back to someone’ (phrase): to respond to someone later. E.g. I

apologize but I don’t know the answer to your question right now. I’ll get
back to you as soon as I find out.
ii. ‘to get back at someone’ (phrase): to do something bad to someone
because they did something bad to you first-- to get revenge. E.g. She
tried to get back at her ex-boyfriend by making him jealous.
b. Further vs. Farther
i. Further* (adv): ‘more’, ‘additional’ E.g. We will provide further details of

the meeting on our website.
ii. Farther: is the comparative form of ‘far’ (more + far= farther.) E.g. While
the earth is far away from the sun, Saturn is farther away, and Pluto is the
farthest away from the sun.
*Further can also mean the same as farther. E.g. She moved further away from her
office.
Fill in the blanks
Please fill in the blanks (to get back to someone / get back at someone/ further /
farther)
1. Whenever my brother made fun of me, I always tried to _______ (him) by hiding
his shoes.
2. Even though Europe is quite far away from Vietnam, the United States is
_______ away from Vietnam.
3. Since Mr. White is busy on another line right now, I’ll have him _______ (you) as
soon as possible.
4. We will send you an email that provides _______ information on your order.
82

Challenges
1. If a caller is trying to reach Person A in your office but Person A is busy, how
would you help the caller leave a message for Person A?
G3 Business English
2. Discuss with your coach about phone etiquette in your company’s culture.
(Etiquette: what is considered as polite behaviour). For example, is it okay to
keep someone waiting on the phone?
Definitions
a. ‘as soon as possible’ (phrase): or ‘ASAP,’ means to do something right away and
without any delay. E.g. Could you please have Mr. Simmons call me back as soon as
possible? This problem is urgent.
b. ‘to leave a note’ (phrase): When you ‘leave a note’ for someone, you take
information from the caller and help deliver it to the destined person. E.g.
Don’t worry. I’ll leave a note on Mr. Simmons’ desk so that he’ll know that you called.
c. ‘let someone know’ (phrase): to inform and notify someone about something.
E.g. I will let Mr. Simmons know that you called today.
d. ‘keep someone waiting’ (phrase): To let someone wait for you. E.g. I apologize
for keeping you waiting.
e. ‘to get back to someone’ (phrase): to respond to someone later. E.g. I apologize
but I don’t know the answer to your question right now. I’ll get back to you as soon
as I find out.
f. Appreciate (v): to be thankful of someone/something. E.g. Could you please ask

Mr. Simmons to call me back as soon as possible? I’d really appreciate it.
g. The line (n): If you are on ‘the line’ with someone, it means that you are busy
talking to someone on the telephone. E.g. Could you please hold? I’m on another
line right now. Thank you.
h. Further (adv): ‘more’, ‘additional’. Sometimes the same as ‘farther’ when

talking about a longer distance. E.g. We will provide further details of the meeting
on our website./ They moved further apart.
83

Lesson 28
Receiving a Call
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Receptionist: (Phone Rings) Electronic Device Company. This is Mary speaking, how
can I help you?
Manager: Good morning, Mary. My name is Winston Schmidt and I am the manager
of the Household Appliance Company. My company is interested in negotiating a
partnership with your company. Are you the key contact person for this matter?
Receptionist: Yes, for now. We are delighted that you are interested in partnering
with us. Would you mind if I ask you some preliminary questions about the company
before I refer you to our business development department?
Manager: How much time will it take?
Receptionist: No longer than 10 minutes. Would that work for you?
Manager: Yes.
Receptionist: Thank you. Let’s start. Where is your company based in?
Manager: We are based in Japan but we have two branches in Vietnam. Currently,
we are planning to expand our business to many other countries.
Receptionist: Could you please tell me more about your company’s products?
Manager: Sure. Our company manufactures microwaves and vacuum cleaners using
the latest and most advanced technologies.
Receptionist: Why might your company be interested in partnering with us?
Manager: Because your company manufactures electronic devices that utilize AI, we
are interested in incorporating your technology with our products. Together, we
could produce convenient household appliances. 84

Receptionist: Great! Thank you for the information.
Manager: Do you have any other questions?
Receptionist: Not at the moment! You’ve answered them all. I am now going to
G3 Business English
transfer you to our business development department. If their line is busy, please
make sure to leave a message in the voicemail with your contact details. They’ll call
you back as soon as possible.
● Where is the Manager’s company based in?

● What kind of products does the Manager’s company manufacture?
● Why is the Manager’s company interested in partnering with the Electronic
Device Company?
Grammar Lesson: SOME / ANY / MUCH / MANY

Countable Nouns vs. Uncountable Nouns
1. Countable nouns: things that we can count (E.g. 3 cats, 5 countries, 2 cups,
etc).
2. Uncountable nouns: things that we cannot count. Uncountable nouns must be

in singular form, meaning that you cannot add ‘s’ to the end of the noun. Here
is a list of common uncountable nouns (E.g. tea, food, sugar, sand, air, water,
love, fear, time, etc.).
List of common Uncountable Nouns
Types of liquid milk, water

Abstract ideas advice, war
Types of powder rice, flour, sand
Mass nouns furniture, hair, transportation
Nature sunshine, snow, rain, weather
States of being sleep, stress, childhood
Feelings love, anger, happiness
Gas oxygen, air,
85

MANY MUCH SOME ANY
a lot a lot a little/ a small 1) one, 2) small
amount amount, 3) or all
You use ‘how You use ‘how
many…?’ to ask much…?’ to ask used with both used with both
G3 Business English
about countable about price and countable and countable and
nouns uncountable nouns uncountable nouns uncountable nouns
Examples
● I don’t have ● They don’t have ● I usually drink ● Have you got any
many bottles to much money some wine with apples left?
recycle. right now. my meal.
● You can eat any
● There are many ● We don’t have ● I have some food at a buffet.
available seats in much furniture friends in
● Do you have any
the theatre. to sell. Australia.
other questions?
● How many ● How much does ● Would you mind
offices do you the book cost? if I ask you some
have? preliminary
● How much time
questions before
● We are planning will it take?
I refer you to our
to expand our
business
business to many
development
other countries.
department?
Fill in the blanks
many/ much/ some/ any
1. Even though _______ people in Vietnam do not like to eat spicy food, most
Vietnameses prefer to eat spicy food.
2. We have to go grocery shopping. There isn’t ______ food left in the refrigerator.
3. Due to the decline in economy, the family doesn’t have _______ money in their
bank account right now.
4. There are _______ tourists who visit Vietnam every year.
86

Challenges
1. List all the languages that you are fluent in. Besides English, are there any
other languages that you’d like to be fluent in? Why?
2. What does your company manufacture? Describe your company’s products to
your coach.
G3 Business English
3. List all the electronic devices that you know of. What electronic devices do you
use the most on a daily basis?
Definitions
a. Fluent (adj): If you are ‘fluent’ in a language, you speak the language well.
E.g. She grew up in France, so she is fluent in French.
b. Perhaps (adv): You say ‘perhaps’ to express politeness before you make a
suggestion or a remark.E.g. Perhaps you are still jet lagged./Perhaps you should
take the BTS to avoid the traffic.
c. Based in (phrase): 1) If you say that your company is ‘based in’ Hanoi this
means that your company’s main offices are in Vietnam. 2) If you say that you
are ‘based in’ Hanoi, you mean that you live and work there.
d. Produce (v): to develop and create something. E.g. The company produces
mainly organic products.
e. Device (n): a small machine that is created for a particular purpose. E.g. Please
keep your electronic devices on silent during the conference.
f. Electronic (adj): describes anything that operates with many small

components and with electric current.E.g. Please turn off all electronic devices
during takeoff.
g. Manufacture (v): to convert raw material into a finished product. E.g. The
company manufactures furniture.
h. Partner (n): The ‘partners’ in a business are people who share ownership of it.
i. Contact details (n): a person’s contact information such as phone number,

email address, etc. E.g. May I have your manager’s contact details so that I can
contact him directly?
87

Lesson 29
Checking Information
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Role Play 1- A potential client calls to find out more details about the product.
Have the student be the receptionist and the coach be the potential client.
Receptionist: (Phone rings) This is the CrossFit gym, how can I help you?
Potential client: Hello! I just checked out your website and would like to find out
more about your classes.
Receptionist: Of course! What questions do you have?
Potential client: Could you give me more information about your group classes?
Receptionist: Sure. All of our CrossFit group classes are scheduled from 7:00am to
8:00 am on weekdays and from 8:00 am to 9:00 am on weekends. The rates are
different depending on the number of classes you choose to attend per week. Is this
your first time doing CrossFit?
Potential client: Yes.
Receptionist: I’m so excited for you! One thing you must know is that we require all
beginners to take three one-on-one private lessons before joining the group classes.
Our CrossFit coaches will teach you how to do CrossFit properly and correctly.
Safety is the number one concern at our gym.
Potential client: I understand.
Receptionist: If you’d like, I could transfer you directly to our CrossFit consultant in
order to discuss about the classes that will be most suitable for you.
Potential client: That would be wonderful. Thank you.

88

● What is the potential client calling about?
● What does the CrossFit gym require for all beginners?
Role Play 2- A partner is calling to confirm the appointment but the signal is bad.
G3 Business English
Secretary: (Phone rings) Business development department, this is Mary. How can I
help you?
Business Partner: Hi Mary! This is George speaking, I’m calling to confirm my

appointment with your manager tomorrow.
Secretary: Pardon me, George, could you please repeat what you said? The signal was
quite unstable.
Business Partner: Of course. Am I still meeting with your manager at 3 tomorrow?
Secretary: Yes. That is correct.
Business Partner: Great. I look forward to meeting you and your manager tomorrow.
Secretary: Likewise. Have a nice day, George! See you tomorrow.

● What is the business partner calling about?
● What time is the meeting tomorrow?

Scenario 1
a. Student: You are a customer service representative. You answer the

customers’ questions about your company’s products. Your company sells
watches that track people’s fitness such as daily steps and heart rate.
b. Coach: You are a customer who calls to find out more about the product. You
are trying to lose weight because you have high blood pressure. You call to
compare the prices of this company with another company.
Scenario 2
a. Student: You are the receptionist at a dentist’s office. You answer the patient’s
questions about his/her appointment tomorrow but the signal is unstable so
you ask the patient to repeat what he/she is saying several times. The patient
becomes a little angry because he/she doesn’t know that you can’t hear
him/her. You apologize to the patient and try to calm him/her down.
b. Coach: You are a patient who is scheduled to get your wisdom tooth out and
you call to confirm the appointment. You get a little frustrated when the
receptionist asks you to repeat yourself several times.
89

Challenges
1. Have you ever handled customer complaints? How did you handle them?
Please describe your experience.
G3 Business English
a. All new employees are required to…
b. All employees are required to…
c. All companies are required to…
Definitions
1. Correctly (adv): If you do something ‘correctly,’ you do it the right way

without any mistakes. E.g. Make sure that your name is printed correctly on the
boarding pass.
2. Concern (v): to worry and care about something. E.g. Companies should be
concerned with their customers’ satisfaction.
3. Require (v): If you ‘require’ something or if something ‘is required,’ you need it
because it is necessary. E.g. All citizens are required to follow their country’s laws.
4. Properly (adv): describes something that is done in the correct, respectful,

and acceptable way. E.g. All customers must be properly treated.
5. Confirm (v): to double check and make sure that something is true. E.g. I’m
calling to confirm our appointment for tomorrow.
90

Lesson 30
Review and Practice
Review Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Review
1. What do you usually do when you are unable to reach someone through the
phone?
2. What are the most common types of technical difficulties that you face at
work?
3. If someone says, ‘I will send you an email that provides further information on
your order.’ What does this mean?
4. When do you use ‘how much…?’ and ‘how many…?’ ?
5. What concerns would you have for an underperforming employee?
Challenges
Please match the following phrases with the correct meaning
Phrases Meaning
1. to put someone a. If you _______ on the phone, you click a button
through so that the caller cannot hear you or speak to
2. the line is busy you.
3. put someone on hold b. to respond to someone later
4. get back to someone c. to connect someone using a telephone to the
person he/she wants to speak to.
d. the person whom you’re trying to call is
unavailable because s/he is talking to someone
else on the phone at the time.
91

1. Please use ‘in regard to’ in a sentence.
2. Please fill in the blanks with ‘to get back to (someone)’ and ‘to get back at
(someone)’
a. Our CEO is out for lunch right now. I will leave him a note to _______
you as soon as possible.
G3 Business English
b. My friend likes to tease me all the time so I decided to _______ him with
a prank on April Fool’s Day.
3. Please fill in the blanks with SOME / ANY / MUCH / MANY

a. There are too _______ people in the train during rush hours!
b. The car is not starting because there isn’t ______ fuel left.
c. We still have ______ milk but it’ll run out soon.
d. Please do not put too _______ sugar in my coffee.
92

Lesson 31
Starting a Negotiation
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Mr. Nick is the manager of an accounting company and Mr. Winston is a salesperson
of a company that supplies computers to other businesses.
Mr. Nick: Since I spoke with your secretary yesterday, I assume that you’re informed
of our company’s interest in purchasing 100 new computers from you?
Mr. Winston: Yes. The standard price for each computer is 800 dollars.
Mr. Nick: Does this include the costs of installing software?
Mr. Winston: No, they are separate. However, this price includes two additional
components-- a mouse and a USB drive.
Mr. Nick: I’m afraid that the highest price our company can pay for each computer is
700 dollars. Do you have any room for negotiation?
Mr. Winston: We could meet you halfway at 750 dollars if your company agrees to
comply to our thirty-day payment term. I hope you understand that this is the best
we can offer because our computers are of excellent quality.
Mr. Nick: I understand. Please allow me to discuss this with my authorities before
finalizing the agreement.
Mr. Winston: Of course. I am more than happy to arrange another meeting with you.
93

● What was the original price that Mr. Winston offered?

● What is included in the original price?
● Does Mr. Winston lower the price? What is the new price?
G3 Business English
Vocabulary
Synonyms of:
a. Offer
i. suggest, propose, put forward
b. Assume
i. presume, infer, guess (informal), suppose
c. Arrange
i. schedule, organize, make plans
Antonyms of:
a. Assume
ii. doubt, disregard, skeptical
b. Separate
ii. together, united, included
Challenges
1. Tell your coach about a time when you had to negotiate with someone. What
kind of strategies did you use for negotiating? What was the outcome of the
negotiation? Please describe your experience.
2. Discuss the major differences between Western and Japanese Culture. How
do these differences affect your negotiations with them?
3. How to successfully negotiate with suppliers? Please discuss the key
components that one must consider when negotiating with suppliers (e.g.
quantity, terms and conditions, etc).
94

Definitions
a. ‘room for something’ (phrase): to be able to change and be flexible for

something. E.g. I apologize but we don’t have much room for negotiation in regard
to the payment terms.
G3 Business English
b. ‘meet someone halfway’ (phrase): ): to partly agree to what someone wants
if that person will also partly agree to what you want; to compromise and
reach an agreement. E.g. The buyers wanted to lower the price from $20,000 to
$15,000, so I offered to meet them halfway at $17,500.
c. Offer (v): to put something forward for someone to accept or reject. E.g. May
I offer you some advice?/I’ll offer you a discount if you sign a one-year contract
with our services.
d. Comply (v): If you ‘comply with’ certain rules, or policies, you follow them and
respect them. E.g. We are unable to comply with your request.
e. Assume (v): to think that something is true without checking the evidence.
E.g. Don’t be too quick to assume. You might misunderstand someone.
f. Component (n): the important parts that make up something. E.g. The
components of a good business plan include having a marketing plan, sales
strategy, financial goals, etc.
g. Terms of payment/ payment term (n): a set of rules/terms that state when
buyer has made/ has to make payments. Types of terms of payment include
Net 30, Net 60, Net 90, etc.
h. Agreement (n): when both sides make a decision that they have the same
opinion on. E.g. Both companies made an agreement to become business partners.
i. Arrange (v): to schedule and plan for something to happen. E.g. I’ll arrange a
meeting for next week.
j. Include (v): to involve something. E.g. The cost of delivery isn’t included in the
total price.
k. Separate (adj): describes things that are not together. E.g. The twins sleep in
separate rooms. (This means that each twin has their own room so there are two
rooms in total).
95

Lesson 32
Negotiating
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Jane is the supply manager of Company A that prepares meals and delivers them to
customers. Risa is the sales representative of Company B that provides
transportation services.
Jane: Our company needs to rent a fleet of 300 vehicles for our delivery services.
What are your rates?
Risa: The current rate for renting 300 vehicles is at _______ Vietnam dong with 1%
discount. If you increase the quantity to 400, we will provide an additional 3%
discount with other benefits.
Jane: What about 350 vehicles? Would that be sufficient for receiving the 3%
discount with benefits?
Risa: I’m afraid that we must discuss this matter with my manager before getting a
definite answer. I am sure that my manager would be open to give and take.
Jane: I understand. I am also willing to negotiate the contract period and terms of
payment.
Risa: Thank you for giving our company an idea to adapt the terms of negotiation for
our clients’ best interest. Let’s arrange a meeting with my manager to finalize the
contract.
● How many vehicles does Jane need to rent?

● Does Risa offer a discount? Why or why not?
● What is the conclusion of this meeting?
them with your coach. 96

Pronunciation
Stressed Syllables
a. VEhicle
G3 Business English
b. DIScount
c. adDItional
d. deLIvery

b. Questions with ‘where,’ ‘when,’ ‘what,’ ‘which,’ ‘why,’ ‘who’, ‘who’, ‘whose’,
‘whom’, and ‘how’ end with falling intonation.
i. What are your rates?
c. If you increase the quantity to 400 (dependent clause), we will provide an

additional 3% discount with other benefits (independent clause).
i. If the sentence starts with a dependent clause that is followed by a
comma, you read the first part with rising intonation and the part
AFTER the comma with a falling intonation.
ii. Dependent clauses are clauses that cannot stand alone as a complete
sentence because it does not express a complete thought. ‘If you
increase the quantity to 400’ is NOT a full sentence. Dependent
clauses must always be paired with an independent clause to make a
full sentence like this sentence shown above.
d. Questions that have yes/no answers end with with rising intonation. These
i. Would that be sufficient for receiving the 3% discount with benefits?
e. Simple sentences that state facts and opinions end with falling intonation.
For example:
i. Our company needs to rent a fleet of 300 vehicles for our delivery
services.
ii. I am also willing to negotiate the contract period and the terms of
payment.
97

Challenges
Role Play Challenge: Price Negotiation
a. Person A: You sell fruits and vegetables at the market. The market is closing in
15 minutes and you have 20 watermelons left to sell. They are already very
G3 Business English
ripe and will not be good for sale the next day so you really need to sell them
today. You paid 1.200.000 Vietnam dong for 20 watermelons so you don’t
want to sell at a price that is lower than 1.200.000 Vietnam dong.
b. Person B: You visit the market just before it closes, and you need to buy 20
watermelons for a party you are hosting tonight. Negotiate the price with the
seller. You know that the average price for 20 watermelons is
1.600.000-1.700.000 Vietnam dong.
Questions
1. When a negotiation is deadlocked, it reaches a point where it has to stop

because both sides cannot agree. What would you do if you were in a
negotiation that was deadlocked?
2. A mediator is a neutral third party who can help two parties come to an
agreement in a negotiation. In your opinion, when is it necessary to use a
mediator in a negotiation?
Definitions
a. ‘give someone an idea’ (phrase): to make someone think about something in a
particular way. E.g. We don’t want to give other companies the idea that we will
always offer big discounts.
b. Discount (n): a reduction in the original price of something. E.g. Let’s go to the
midnight sale! All items have a fifty percent discount.
c. ‘To order in bulk’ (phrase): to order a large quantity of goods. E.g. We’ll provide
you a discount if you order in bulk.
d. Quantity (n): an amount of something that you can measure or count. E.g.
Vietnam exports large quantities of rice.
e. Sufficient (adj): to be enough and have a satisfactory amount. E.g. We don’t have
a sufficient amount of money to launch a new product.
f. Definite (adj): describes a decision that is sure, firm, and clear. E.g. We have to
discuss this with our manager before we give you a definite answer to your question.
g. Additional (adj): extra things apart from the ones already present. E.g. We will
provide you an additional discount if you sign a longer contract with us.
h. ‘Give and take’ (phrase): to compromise—to accept offers from another person
and give up some of your own. E.g. There has to be give and take on both sides of a
negotiation.
98

Lesson 33
Closing a Deal
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Car dealer: Good morning, sir! How may I assist you today?
Customer: I’m interested in buying a new sedan.
Car dealer: Is there a particular model that you’re looking for?
Customer: Not in particular. Although, I’m interested in buying a car that is fuel-
efficient because I have a long commute to work.
Car dealer: Of course. Please allow me to introduce to you the new Model X, our
most fuel-efficient car. There are also advanced features that are built-in
Customer: It does look like a high-tech car. Unfortunately, I’m not sure if I’ll ever
remember how to use the advanced features properly.
Car dealer: That is not a problem. You could always call our 24/7 customer support
hotline when you need assistance with the car.
Customer: Great. Can I get a quote on the car?
Car dealer: It is currently at _____ million Vietnam dong . However, we also offer
competitive discounts and low interest rates.
Customer: Could we meet halfway at (a lower price) _____ million Vietnam dong?
Car dealer: The lowest that we can settle for is _____ million Vietnam dong for a new
car. You are also welcome to check out our used-car site if you’d like to purchase a
used Model X. However, I guarantee you that this is the best deal that I can offer you
for a new car.
Customer: Do you have a monthly payment plan? I do not have enough in my balance
for a one time payment. 99

Car dealer: Of course. In fact, if you do a monthly payment plan with us instead of a
bank, you’ll receive a bigger discount. Additionally, I’ll give you three oil changes free
of charge. Is this car going to be under your name?
Customer: Yes.
G3 Business English
Car dealer: Perfect. I’ll help you start an application.
● What kind of car is the customer looking for? Why?

● What must the customer do in order to receive a discount?
them with your coach
Compare and Contrast : cite/site /sight
a. Cite (v): to quote something and give others credit if you use their
information.
E.g. Make sure to cite all the resources that you’ve used for your research paper.
b. Site (n): a place or area that is used for a particular purpose.
E.g. If you visit our customer support office, we have several customer service
representatives on site to answer any of your questions.
c. Sight (n): your ability to see.
E.g. My sight is getting worse so I need to buy new glasses.
Fill in the blanks

cite/ site/ sight
1. My grandmother is losing her _______. She can barely see anymore.

2. If you don’t _______ your sources for your paper, it can be considered as
plagiarism. (Plagiarism (n): the practice of using or copying someone else’s
idea or work and pretending that you created it.)
3. Because the work at the factory can be quite dangerous, we hired a doctor to
be on _______ for emergency situations.
4. There are a lot of ancient _______ in Saigon, Vietnam.
100

Challenges
Role Play Challenge: Closing a Deal
1. Person A: You are a sales representative at a telecommunications company.
G3 Business English
You are selling TV, internet, and cell phone services. You offer three types of
package deals with different features:
a. The first package (which is the most expensive), offers unlimited cell
phone data and minutes, home Wi-Fi at the highest speed, and all
premium TV channels.
b. The second package (which has a more affordable price) offers limited
cell phone data and minutes, home Wi-Fi at a slower speed, and all
standard TV channels..
c. Finally, the third package (which is the cheapest), offers very limited
cell phone data and minutes, home Wi-Fi at the slowest speed, and
basic TV channels.
d. If a customer buys a new cell phone and a service package from your
store, they will receive a 10% discount if they sign a contract for 2
years. You are trying to sell any of these packages to a customer based
on his/her desires. (You can also be creative with the packages and
modify some features).
2. Person B: You are a customer who recently got married and moved into a new
house so you are on a limited budget. You are looking for a new service
provider because you were dissatisfied with your previous one. You need
high-speed internet but you don’t watch a lot of TV except for Manchester
United games.
Questions
1. Does the company (that you work for) guarantee anything to your customers?
What do you guarantee to your customers?
2. How would you settle a disagreement between two colleagues?
Definitions
a. Balance (n): the amount of money available for withdrawal or use. E.g. There
isn’t enough balance for us to pay the full amount of the product all at once.
b. Settle (v): to solve a problem or make a decision about something. E.g. The
mediator helped both parties settle their disagreements.
101

c. Quotation or ‘quote’ (n): When someone gives you a ‘quotation,’ they tell you
how much they will charge you for something. They give you an estimated
price of a product. E.g. Could I please get a quote on your insurance policies?
d. Guarantee (v): to ensure someone about something. E.g. I guarantee that you
G3 Business English
will be very satisfied with our products.
e. Free of charge (phrase): means that you don’t have to pay for a particular
service because there’s no cost to it. E.g. The delivery is free of charge.
f. Hotline (n): a phone line of a company that allows the public to call and ask
questions and get quick answers. E.g. If you have any problems with the product,
please call our hotline and a customer service representative will assist you.
g. Customer Support (n): Customer services that teach customers how to use a
product correctly. E.g. If you have difficulties or problems with using the product,
please contact customer support to assist you.
h. Site (n): a place or area that is used for a particular purpose. E.g. You could
check out our used car site if you do not want to purchase a new car.
i. Close a deal (phrase): If a salesperson ‘closes a deal,’ he/she ends the

negotiation by making a sale to a customer. E.g. John closed a deal and sold his
house.
102

Lesson 34
Delaying the Offer
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
John works for Company X that supplies soy sauce to restaurants. Mr. Konan is the
supply manager of a Japanese restaurant.
Mr. Konan: Our restaurants use fifty gallons of soy sauce every month. Currently, we
are looking to purchase 600 gallons of soy sauce for the next six months. I want to
know if you provide any discounts for buying in bulk.
John: It depends. We sell our soy sauce in boxes of 20 gallons that costs 4.000.000
Vietnam dong per box.
Mr. Konan: I’m afraid that the price is too high.
John: We could negotiate for a lower price if you agree to sign a three-year contract
with us.
Mr. Konan: In respect to the contract, would you be willing to shorten it to 2 years?
John: Yes, it is possible to establish a common ground for a 2-year contract.

However, we’ll have to make adjustments to the discounts. I’ll send you an invoice
once the contract is finalized.
Mr. Konan: Would you mind if I come back to this later? I must discuss this with my
team to ensure that we’re on the same page before making the final decision.
John: Of course.
Mr. Konan: Thank you. I’ll contact you by the end of this week to arrange a contract
meeting.
● How much soy sauce does Mr. Konan need? 103

● Under what condition is John going to lower the price for Mr. Konan? (Hint: It
has something to do with signing a contract)
Grammar Lesson: Gerunds + Infinitives
G3 Business English
What is a gerund?
It is a verb+ing that is used as a noun. It could be used as either the subject, object, or
complement of the sentence. For example:
1. Swimming is my favourite sport. (Gerund as the subject)
2. My favourite sport is swimming. (Gerund as the object)
3. My hobbies include swimming. (Gerund as a complement)
What is an infinitive?
It is to+verb that is used as a noun. It could be used as either object or complement of
the sentence. For example:
1. Joe wants to study English. (Infinitive as the object)
2. He wants a better job to earn more money. (Infinitive as a complement).
Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives: Some verbs in English are always
followed by infinitives while other verbs are followed by gerunds. Please refer to the
examples below:
Verbs followed by infinitives Verbs followed by gerunds

want: I want to know if you provide any
discounts for buying in bulk. (from the enjoy: I enjoy reading.
role play)
practice: I need to practice speaking
decide: They decided to close the deal.
English.
choose: He chooses to go home. mind: We don’t mind waiting.
agree: We agree to sign the contract. finish: We finished negotiating.
Grammar Practice: Gerunds + Infinitives
Please choose the gerund/ infinitive that best fits each sentence
1. John really wants _______ (to win/ winning) the race.

2. We must finish _______ (to negotiate/ negotiating) before we sign the contract.
3. The salesperson agreed _______ (to give/ giving) the customer a discount so
that he could close the deal.
104

4. The other party doesn’t mind _______ (to give/ giving) us more time to finalize
our decision.
5. It is important _______(to check/ checking) that your invoice is correct
whenever you buy something.
G3 Business English
Challenges
1. Have you ever had to delay an offer? Why did you decide to delay the offer?
2. Have you ever tried to achieve a goal but failed? What did you learn from the
experience?
3. List all the necessary information that a seller must include in an invoice.
Definitions
1. ‘come back to this’ (phrase): to respond and talk about a certain subject later
because you don’t know the answer right now. E.g. I’ll come back to this later as
I need some time to think about it.
2. Finalize (v): If you ‘finalize’ a plan or agreement, you complete it. E.g. We won’t
sign the contract until the details are finalized.
3. ‘in respect of’ (phrase): in connection with something. E.g. We aren’t fully
satisfied with this negotiation in respect of its terms of payment.
4. Achieve (v): to accomplish something. E.g. We must try our best to achieve our
goals.
5. Invoice (n): or a ‘bill,’ is a document that lists all the goods/services that have
been purchased and shows how much the buyer owes the seller. E.g. We will
send you an invoice for the total fees.
6. ‘On the same page’ (phrase): to be in agreement or have a common

understanding about something. E.g. I want to make sure that we’re on the same
page before we move on to the next topic.
7. Common ground (n): If two sides find a ‘common ground,’ they agree about
something together OR share the same interests. E.g. Even though we may
have some disagreements, we must find a common ground so that we can make a
negotiation.
8. Contract (n): a legal agreement between two parties. E.g. When two businesses
close a deal, they sign a contract to make it official.
105

Lesson 35
Accepting and Declining an Offer
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Role Play
Role Play 1 - Accepting an Offer (Continued from the role play in Lesson 34)
Mr. Konan: Thank you, Mr. John for meeting with me again. I have discussed the terms
of the contract with my team and we are satisfied.
John: Excellent. Shall we shake on this?
Mr. Konan: Yes.
John: Great. I think we have a deal! I am confident that your company will be satisfied
with your purchase.
Mr. Konan: We look forward to doing business with your company in the future on the
basis of your flexibility in negotiating.
John: Likewise. Let’s celebrate over dinner.
● Why is Mr. Konan interested in doing business with John in the future?
them with your coach
Role Play 2 - Declining an Offer
Customer: Would you be able to extend the warranty period of this MacBook?
Sales rep: I’m afraid that I am unable to do that due to our company’s terms and
conditions.
106

Customer: Do all MacBooks have the same warranty period?
Sales rep: Yes.
Customer: I see. Well, I’m afraid that I am unable to accept this offer. I would prefer
to purchase a computer that has a longer warranty period.
G3 Business English
Sales rep: I understand. Thank you for your interest in buying our product. I
apologize that we are unable to meet your requirements.
● Why does the customer decline the offer?

● What new words or phrases did you learn from this role play? Please discuss
Scenario 1 - Accepting an Offer
1. Student: You are a new house-owner who is purchasing insurance for your
house. You ask for a bigger discount because you are a new homeowner.
2. Coach: You are an insurance agent. The homeowners insurance that you are
trying to sell covers all weather and non-weather damages. You agree to give
the client a bigger discount because you haven’t been meeting your monthly
sales quota and your manager is pressuring you to make more sales.
Scenario 2 - Declining an Offer
1. Student: You are trying to purchase an electronic device but you are
dissatisfied with the warranty period. You think that it is too expensive to
extend the warranty period so you decline the offer.
2. Coach: You are a sales representative. You explain to the customer that
he/she must pay more in order to extend the warranty period. You apologize
that you can’t meet the customer’s needs because you are simply complying
to the company’s terms and conditions.
107

Challenges
1. When was the last time your company accepted an offer from another
company? Why did your company accept the offer?
G3 Business English
2. When was the last time your company declined an offer from another
company? Why did your company decline the offer?
3. When was the last time you accepted/ declined an offer from a salesperson?
Why did you accept/decline the offer?
Definitions
a. ‘shake on something’ (phrase): to shake hands with someone in order to

show that you both agree on something. E.g. Let’s shake on this deal.
b. Basis (n): If you say that you are acting ‘on the basis of something,’ you are
giving that as a reason for your action. - ‘based on something’ E.g. We make
small changes to our packagings on the basis of our customers’ needs.
c. Purchase (n): something that you buy OR the action of buying something.
E.g. We hope that you are satisfied with the purchase.
d. Warranty (n): a written promise from a company that states that if there are
problems with their products, they will repair it and replace it for free within
a certain period of time. E.g. The warranty covers accidental damage for up to
two years from the date of the purchase.
e. Period (n): a length of time. E.g. According to our company’s terms and
conditions, you can return the product within a 14-day period.
f. Terms and Conditions (n): a list of a company’s policies about its products
and services that a customer must agree to when they buy the product.
E.g. Make sure to carefully read the terms and conditions before you buy any
product.
g. Extend (v): Cause to make something longer or wider. E.g. You can pay more
money to extend the warranty of your purchase.
108

Lesson 36
Review and Practice
Review Lesson
G3 Business English
PICTURE
Review
Please answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. What is the difference between being separated and included?

2. What is the meaning of sufficient?
3. Where can a person get a quote for a house and a car?
4. What is an invoice?
5. What is the warranty period of a product? Why do products have warranty
periods?
Challenges
1. Please match the following phrases with the correct meaning
1. ‘To have room for a. to order a large quantity of goods.

something’ b. to be able to change and be flexible for
2. ‘Meet someone something
halfway’ c. to agree with or understand someone
3. ‘Close a deal’ d. when a salesperson makes a sale to a customer
4. ‘Give and take’ e. to compromise—to accept suggestions from
5. ‘To order in bulk’ another person and give up some of your own.
6. ‘On the same page’ f. to agree to do part of what someone wants if
that person will do part of what you want; to
compromise and reach an agreement.
109

1. Please pronounce the following words correctly: quantity, sufficient, definite,
additional
2. A salesperson guarantees that you can return the product within 14 days of
the purchase date if you are dissatisfied with it. What does ‘guarantee’ mean
in this sentence?
G3 Business English
3. Fill in the blanks: cite/site/sight
a. This is one of the most famous historical _______(plural form) in the
country.
b. Keep an eye on my little sister and do not lose _______ of her.
c. You must always _______ the original authors in your essays when
quoting them.
d. This place is so beautiful! What a ______/______!(2 answers are possible)
4. First, state the differences between a gerund and an infinitive. Then, select
the correct verb for each sentence.
a. She can’t stop _______ (to eat/ eating) her ice cream.
b. Claire is doing her best _______ (to finish/ finishing) on time.
c. Tom enjoys_______ (to hike/ hiking) the mountains because he wants
_______ (to keep/ keeping) himself healthy.
110

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G3 Business English

Beginner Intermediate Advanced

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Let’s talk about the role play

● According to the boss, what is the meeting about?

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

c. Accountant: An accountant is responsible for making ﬁnancial reports by

d. Freelancer: A freelancer is self-employed and does not have a long-term

e. Engineer: An engineer is responsible for developing and designing complex

f. Journalist: A journalist is responsible for doing research and writing reports

g. Consultant: A consultant is responsible for offering advice to organizations

h. Architect: An architect is responsible for designing and creating buildings.

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

f. Responsible for + noun/verb+ing (v): to have control and duty over

i. To be keen on (phrase): If you ‘are keen on doing something,’ you want to do it

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Linda: Hello! Jasmine, right?

Jasmine: That is correct.

Linda: Well, welcome! I’m so glad you joined us.

Jasmine: Thank you, Linda. I appreciate it.

Linda: Of course. If I may ask, have you always worked in sales?

Jasmine: No. I actually have a background in human resource management because I

Jasmine: It was a pretty big university.

Jasmine: We probably do.

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Jasmine: I like to try out different cafes.

Linda: Me too! We should hang out sometime.

● What do we know about Jasmine’s background from the role play?

Please read the following sentences in the correct rising/falling intonation.

Rising intonation: when the tone of the sentence goes up.

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

a. Colleague (n): or ‘co-worker,’ is someone who works with you.

b. Acquaintance with (n): If you have an ‘acquaintance with’ someone, you

c. Experience (n): If you ‘have experience’ in doing something, you have

e. Newly-appointed (adj): describes someone who is most recently chosen for

h. To cross paths with someone (phrase): to meet someone by chance without

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

a. Employee vs. Employer

i. Employee (n): a person who is paid to work for a company. E.g. I am an

b. Employment vs. Unemployment

Fill in the blanks

employee / employer / employment / unemployment

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

a. Employee (n): a person who is paid to work for a company. E.g. I am an

c. In charge of (phrase): to be responsible for something. E.g. A consultant is in

g. Organize (v): to arrange an event or activity. E.g. The government organized a

h. Assist (v): to help someone do something. E.g. My colleague was assisting me

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Jerry: What are the hours for the retail stores?

Jerry: Yes sir. What is the culture of the company like?

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Let’s talk about the role play

Grammar Lesson: Reﬂexive Pronouns

Pronouns Reﬂexive Pronouns

You Yourself / Yourselves (plural)

1. Make sure that you present yourself in a professional manner.

Globish English Course copyright © 2018

Number 2: subject + reﬂexive pronoun emphasizes the sentence.

Fill in the blanks

Fill in the blanks using 1) for + reﬂexive pronoun, 2) by + reﬂexive pronoun, or

1. We blame ________ for causing this problem.