Angle between Two non-parallel Lines.

Let  be the angle between the lines y  m 1 x  c1 and y  m 2 x  c 2 .

and intersecting at A.
y=m1x + c1

Where, m 1 = tan  and m 2 = tan  y=m2x + c2

          
O
tan   tan 
 tan  
1  tan  tan 

m1  m 2
   tan 1 .
1  m 1m 2

(1)Angle between two straight lines when their equations are given:The angle  between
a2 b1  a1b 2
the lines a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0 is given by, tan   .
a1 a2  b1b 2

(i) Condition for the lines to be parallel:If the lines a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0

a1 a2 a b
are parallel then, m 1  m 2    1  1 .
b1 b 2 a2 b 2

(ii) Condition for the lines to be perpendicular: If the lines a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and

a1 a2
a2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0 are perpendicular then, m1m 2  1    1  a1a2  b1b 2  0 .
b1 b 2

(iii) Conditions for two lines to be coincident, parallel, perpendicular and intersecting:Two
lines a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b 2 y  c 2  0 are,
a1 b c
(a) Coincident, if  1  1
a2 b 2 c 2

a1 b c
(b) Parallel, if  1  1
a2 b 2 c 2
 a1 b
(c) Intersecting, if  1
a2 b 2

(d) Perpendicular, if a1 a2  b1b 2  0