XI - Maths - Chapter 10 - STRAIGHTLINES

JEE MAINS - VOL - V STRAIGHT LINES
STRAIGHT LINES
SYNOPSIS  Two non vertical lines are perpendicular if
product of their slopes is –1
Inclination of a line: W.E-1: The medians AD and BE of the triangle
 If a line makes an angle   0      with with vertices A(0,b), B(0,0) and C(a,0) are
x-axis measured in positive direction then  is mutually perpendicular if
called inclination of the line.
 2b   b 
i) Inclination of horizontal line is zero Sol: AD  BE   a   a   1
ii) Inclination of vertical line is  / 2
Slope of a line:  2b 2  a 2
 If the inclination of a non vertical line is  then  If  is an angle between two nonvertical lines
tan  is called slope of the line and is usually having slopes m1 , m2 then
denoted by m, thus m  tan  m1  m2
tan    , m1m2  1
1  m1m2
Y
m1  m2
i) If  is acute then tan  
1  m1m2
ii) If  is one angle between two lines then the
 other angle is    . Usually the acute angle
O X
between two lines is taken as the angle
between the lines
i) Slope of horizontal line (x-axis) is zero
Intercept(s) of a line:
  0 
0
 If a line cuts x-axis at A(a, 0) and y-axis at
ii) Slope of vertical line (y-axis) is not defined B(0,b) then a and b are called x-intercept and
  90  0 y-intercept of that line respectively
i) Intercept of a line may be positive or negative
iii)   00  m  0 or zero
00    900  m  0 ii) x-intercept of a horizontal line is not defined
  900  m is not defined iii) y-intercept of a vertical line is not defined
iv) Intercepts of a line passing through origin
900    1800  m  0 are zero.
 Slope of the line joining two points A( x1 , y1 ) , Equation of a straight line in
y2  y1 various forms:
B  x2 , y 2  is m   x1  x2   i) Line parallel to x-axis: Equation of
x2  x1
horizontal line passing through (a,b) is y = a
i) If x1=x2 then the line AB is vertical and ii) Line parallel to y-axis: Equation of
hence its slope is not defined vertical line passing through (a, b) is x = b
ii) If y1=y2 then the line AB is horizontal and iii) Slope - point form :The equation of
hence its slope is 0 the line with slope m and passing through the
 Two nonvertical lines are parallel if their slopes point  x1 , y1  is y– y1= m (x – x1)
are equal.
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STRAIGHT LINES JEE MAINS - VOL - V
W.E-2: If (3,-1),(2,4),(-5,7) are the mid points of the W.E-4: Equation to the straight line cutting off an
intercept 2 from negative y axis and inclined
sides BC , CA , AB of triangle ABC. at 30º to the positive direction of axis of x, is
Sol : Equation of line passing through (0,-2) and
Then the equation of the side CA is
1
Sol : Here m = – 1 and given point (x1 , y1) is (2, 4). having slope is 3y  x  2 3  0
By point slope form equation of the line is 3
y – 4 = – 1 (x - 2)
vi) Intercept Form :Suppose a line L
makes intercept on x-axis is a and on y-
iv) Two - point form :The equation of a
line passing through two points x y
axis is b then its equation is  1
a b
A( x1 , y1 ) and B  x2 , y2  is a) If the portion of the line intercepted
 y  y1  x2  x1    x  x1  y2  y1  between the axes is divided by the point
(x1, y1) in the ratio m : n, then the equation
x y 1 nx my
x y1 1  0 of the line is x  y  m  n
(or) 1 1 1
x2 y2 1 mx ny
(or)  mn
x1 y1
W.E-3: Equation of the diagonal (through the
origin) of the quadrilateral formed by the
b) Equation of the line whose intercept between
lines x = 0, y = 0, x + y = 1 and 6x + y = 3 is
the axes is bisected at the point (x1, y1) is
 2 3 x y
 2
Sol : Here  x1 , y1    0, 0  ,  x2 , y2    ,  x1 y1
5 5 c) Equation of the line making equal intercepts
Using two-point form, the equation of the line is
on the axes and through the point (xo, yo) is
3x -2 y = 0
x + y = xo + yo
v) Slope - Intercept form :
d) Equation of the line making equal
a) The equation of the line whose slope is m
intercepts in magnitude but opposite in sign and
and which cuts an intercept ‘c’ on the y-axis is
passing through (xo,yo) is x – y = xo – yo
y = mx+c
e) The equation of the line passing through the
Y point (x1, y1) and whose intercepts are in the
L ratio m : n is nx+my=nx1+my1 (or)
mx+ny=mx1+ny1
0, c  W.E-5: The sum of x,y intercepts made by the lines
X x+y=a, x+y=ar, x+y=ar2 ...... on coordinate
O
axes when r=1/2, a  0
Sol: required sum
2
= 2a  2ar  2ar  ......  infinite G.P 
b) The equation of the line whose slope is m
= 2a/1-r = 4a
and which cuts an intercept ‘a’ on the x-axis is vii) General equation of line :
a) A linear equation in x and y always
y = m(x - a)
represents a line.
c) The equation of the line passing through b) The equation of a line in general form is
a x + b y + c = 0 , where a , b , c are real
the origin and having slope m is y=mx
numbers such that a 2  b 2  0 having
58
slope =-a/b , W.E-6: Normal form of the equation x+y+1=0 is

x-intercept =-c/a , y- intercept =-c/b . Sol: The given equation is x+y+1=0  -x-y=1
c) The equation of a line parallel to

 1 x   1 y  1
ax  by  c  0 is of the form
2 2 2
ax  by  k  0 , k  R .
d) The equation of a line perpendicular to     1
 x cos      y sin     
ax  by  c  0 is of the form  4  4 2
bx  ay  k  0 , k  R 5 5 1
 x cos  y sin 
e ) Equation of a line passing through  x1 , y1  4 4 2
and (i) parallel to ax  by  c  0 is ix) Symmetric form and Parametric
a  x  x1   b  y  y1   0 equations of a straight line :

a) The equation of the straight line passing
(ii)Perpendicular to ax  by  c  0 is
through (x1,y1) and makes an angle  with the
b  x  x1   a  y  y1   0
positive direction of x-axis is
viii) Normal form :
x  x1 y  y1
a) The equation of the straight line upon which 
the length of the normal drawn from origin is co s  sin 
'p' and this perpendicular makes an angle Where    0,     (    )
b) The co-ordinates  x, y  of any point P on
 ,  0    2  with positive x-axis is
the line at a distance ‘r’ units away from the
x cos   y sin   p ,  p  0  point A x1, y1  can be taken as
 x1 r cos, y1 rsin  or x1 r cos, y1 rsin
Y c) The equations x  x1  r cos  ,
y  y1  r sin  are called parametric
equations of a line with parameter 'r' of the
L line passing through the point  x1 , y1  and
 having inclination  .
P X
Y
P  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin  
b) The normal form of a line ax  by  c  0 is Ax1, y1  

 a x
 b y
c
, if c  0
2 2 2 2
a b a b a  b2
2

and Q x1  r cos  , y1  r sin  
a b c
x y , if c  0 X
2
a b 2
a b2 2
a  b2
2
O B
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x  x1 y  y1 vi) Equiation of the line parallel to ax+by+c=0

cos  = , sin  = and at a distance d from the line is
AP AP
or x – x1 = AP cos  , y – y1 = AP sin  . ax  by  c  d a 2  b 2  0
x  x1 y  y1 W.E-8: The distance between A(2, 3) on the line
 r
cos  sin  of gradient 3/4 and the point of intersec-
W.E-7: (1,2),(3,6)are two opposite vertices of a rect- tion P of this line with 5x + 7y + 40 = 0 is
angle and if the other two vertices lie on the Sol : Since m = 3/4, then cos  = 4/5
line 2y = x + c, then c and other two vertices and sin  = 3/5.
are
Sol: Mid point of given vertices is
P  x1 , y1    2, 4  which lies on 2y = x + c
then c=6. 5 2  7 3  40 355
r 
1  4   3 41
Now r=BP=AP= 5 , tan  
5   7  
2  5  5
Hence B=  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin   =(4,5) Position of a point (s) w.r.to line (s):
C=  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin   =(0,3)  i) The ratio in which the line
L  ax  by  c  0 divides the line segment
Distances:
 i) The perpendicular distance to the line joining A x1, y1  and B  x2 , y2  is L11 : L22
ax  by  c  0 where
c L11  ax1  by1  c, L22  ax2  by2  c
(a) from origin is ii) The points A , B lie on the same side or
a2  b2
opposite side of the line L = 0 according as
ax1  by1  c L11 , L22 have same sign or opposite sign that
(b) from the point  x1 , y1  is 2 2
a b is L11. L22  0 or L11. L22  0
ii) The distance of a point  x1 , y1  from the line W.E-9: The range of  in the interval (0,  ) such
L  axby c  0 measured along a line making that the points (3, 5) and (sin  , cos  ) lie on
the same side of the line x + y – 1 = 0 is
ax1  by1  c
an angle  with x-axis is Sol : Since  3  5  1  sin   cos   1  0
a cos   b sin 
iii) The distance between parallel lines   1
 sin     
ax  by  c1  0 and ax  by  c2  0 is  4  2
  3
c1  c2    
. 4 4 4
a2  b2

iv) The distance between the parallel lines  0  
2
ax+by+c1=0 and ax + by + c2 = 0 measured
along the line having inclination  is iii) A point A x1, y1  and origin lies on the same
c1  c 2 or opposite side of a line L  ax  by  c  0
a cos   b sin 
according as c.L11  0 or c.L11  0
v) The equation of a line parallel and lying
midway between the above two lines is iv) The point  x1 , y1  lies between the parallel
c c lines ax1  by1  c  0, ax2  by2  c  0 or
ax  by  1 2  0
2
60
does not lie between them according as Proof :

ax1  by1  c1 Make c1 , c2 having same sign.
ax1  by1  c2 is negative or positive ( If necessary)
 ( 0,0) lie on same side of both the lines
v) The point A x1, y1  lies above or below the
 ax1  b1 y1  c1 , c1 have opposite signs
line L  ax  by  c  0 according as
ax1  b1 y1  c2 , c2 have opposite signs
L11 L
 0 or 11  0 since c1c2  0, we have
b b
Proof: The fig. Shows a point P(x1, y1) lying above a ax1  by1  c1 ax1  by1  c2   0
given line. If an ordinate is dropped from P to Ceva's Theorem :
meet the line L at N, then the x coordinate of N  If the lines joining any point ‘O’ to the vertices
will be x1. A,B,C of a triangle meet the opposite sides in
Putting x = x1 in the equation ax + by + c = 0 BD CE AF

D,E, F respectively then . . 1
DC EA FB
(ax1  c) Proof: Without loss of generality take the point P as
gives ordinate of N = –
b the origin O.
If P(x1, y1) lies above the line, then we have Let A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  , C  x3 , y3  be the
(ax1  c) (ax1  c) y1  0 y1
y1 > – i.e. y1 + >0
b b vertices. Slope of AP is x  0  x
1 1
(ax1  by1  c) L( x 1 , y1 ) y1
i.e. > 0, i.e. >0
b b Equation of AP is y  0  x  x  0 
1
P  yx1  xy1  xy1  yx1  0
BD   x2 y1  x1 y2  x1 y2  x2 y1
L  ax  by  c  0   
N DC x3 y1  x1 y3 x3 y1  x1 y3
Hence, P(x1, y1) lies above the line BD CE AF
 . . 1
L( x 1 , y1 ) DC EA FB
ax + by + c = 0, and if < 0, it would
b Manelaw's Theorem :
mean that P lies below the line ax + by + c = 0.  If a transversal cuts the sides BC, CA, AB of a
 If P  x1 , y1  lie between the parallel lines triangle in D, E, F respectively then
BD CE AF
ax  by  c1  0, ax  by  c2  0 then . .  1
DC EA FB
ax1  by1  c1 ax1  by1  c2   0 . Proof: Let the transversal be ax+by+c=0. the line
divides BC at D then
 If P  x1 , y1  does not lie between the
parallel lines BD   ax2  by2  c 

ax  by  c1  0, ax  by  c2  0 then DC  ax3  by3  c 
ax1  by1  c1 ax1  by1  c2   0 Hence
BD CE AF
. .  1
DC EA FB
61
W.E-10: The range of  , if ( ,  2 ) lies inside the a1 b1 c1

triangle having sides along the lines iff a2 b2 c2  0
2x + 3y = 1, x + 2y - 3 = 0, 6y = 5x - 1 are concurrent
a3 b3 c3
Sol : Let A, B, C be vertices of the triangle.
(or) Point of intersection of any two lines lies
5 7 on the third line
A  ( 7, 5), B   , 
4 8 (or) there exist constants 1 , 2 , 3 not all
 1 1
zero such that 1 L1  2 L2  3 L3  0
C   ,  . Sign of A w.r.t. BC to -ve. c) If p1x+q1y =1, p2x+q2y = 1, p3x+q3y = 1
3 9 are
If P lies inside the triangle ABC, then sign of P concurrent lines then the points (p1,q1), (p2,q2),
will be the same as sign of A w.r.t. the line BC (p3,q3) are collinear
 5  6 2  1  0 .....(i) d) If ka+lb+mc=0, then the point of
similarly 2  3 2  1  0 .....(ii) concurrency of the lines represented by
And   2 2  3  0 .....(iii) k l 
ax+by+c=0 is  , 
Solving (i), (ii) and (iii) for  and then taking m m
intersection, W.E-11: The line x   y  4  0 passes through the
1   3  point of intersection of 4x  y  1  0 and
we get    ,1    ,  1 x + y + 1 = 0. Then the value of  is
2   2 
Point of intersection of lines and Sol : The three lines are concurrent
Concurrency of Straight Lines: 1  4
 i) Consider two lines L1  a1 x  b1 y  c1  0  4 1 1  0
and L2  a2 x b2 y  c2  0 then 1 1 1
point of intersection is 22
 2  3  20  0  
3
 bc
1 2  b2c1 c1a2  c2a1

 ,  or Angle between lines:
 a1b2  a2b1 a1b2  a2b1   i) If ' ' is an acute angle between the lines
x y 1 having slopes m1 and m2 then
 
b1 c1 c1 a1 a1 b1
m1  m2
b2 c2 c2 a2 a2 b2 tan  
1  m1m2
ii) Three or more lines are said to be concurrent,
if they have a point in common. The common ii) If ' ' is an acute angle between the lines
point is called the point of concurrence. a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0
a) If L1 = 0, L2 = 0 are two interesecting lines, then
then the equation of any line other than
aa
1 2 bb
L1  0 and L2  0 passing through point of cos  and tan  ab
1 2 1 2  a2b1
2 2 2 2
intersection can be taken as a b a b
1 1 2 2
a1a2 bb1 2
L1   L2  0. Where  is a parameter other angle between the lines is   

b) The three lines Li  ai x  bi y  ci  0, i 1,2,3 iii) The slope m of a line which is equally
inclined with two intersecting lines of slopes
m1 and m2 is given by
62
m1  m m  m2 b) Rhombus if d1=d2 and aa1  bb1  0 ,


1  mm1 1  m m2 c) Rectangle if d1  d 2 and aa1  bb1 =0,
iv) The slopes of the lines making an angle 
d) Parallelogram if d1  d 2 and aa1  bb1  0
with a line having slope m are
 i)The area of triangle formed by the line
m  tan  m  tan 
, x y 1
1  m tan  1  m tan    1 with the coordinate axis is ab
a b 2
v) Consider two lines L1  a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 ii)The area of triangle formed by line
and L2  a2 x b2 y  c2  0 ax  by  c  0 with the co - ordinate axes is
a1 b1 c2
a) Lines are parallel if a  b
2 2 2 ab
a1 b1 c1 iii) Area of the rhombus a x  b y  c  0 is
b) Lines are coincident if a  b  c
2 2 2
2c 2
c) Lines are perpendicular if a1a2  b1b2  0 4 area of   =
ab
d) Lines are equally inclined with x-axis
iv) The area of triangle formed by lines
a b
if 1   1 2
a2 b2 ai x  bi y  ci  0, i  1, 2,3 is = 2  
1 2 3
W.E-12: A straight line through (2, 2) intersects
the lines 3 x  y  0 and 3 x - y  0 at the a1 b1 c1
a b2
points A and B. The equation to the line where   a2 b2 c2 , 1  2 ,
a3 b3
AB so that the triangle OAB is equilat- a3 b3 c3
eral is a1 b1 a b1
Sol: Since given two lines passing through origin and 2  ,3  1
a3 b3 a2 b2
making angles 600, 1200 with X-axis the third v) The area of triangle formed by lines
line is parallel to X-axis. Hence equation of AB 2
1  c1  c2 
is y=2 y  mi x  ci , i  1, 2,3 is
2
 m m
Triangles and Quadrilaterals: 1 2
 i) The ratio of the sides of a triangle formed by vi) If p1 , p2 are distances between parallel
L1  0, L2  0 and L3  0 is sides and ' ' is angle between adjacent sides
a2 b2 a3 b3 a b p1 p2
a12 b12 : a22 b22 : a32 b32 1 1 of parallelogram then its area is
sin 
a3 b3 a1 b1 a2 b2
vii) Area of parallelogram whose sides
ii) Let d1 be the distance between the
parallel lines ax  by  c1  0 , ae1rax b1y c1  0, a1x b1y c2  0, a2x b2 y  d1  0
and a2 x  b2 y  d 2  0 is
ax  by  c2  0 and d 2 be the distance
between the parallel lines a1x  b1 y  k1  0 ,  c1  c2  d1  d 2 
a1b2  a2b1
a1x  b1 y  k 2  0 then the figure formed by
four lines is 1
viii) Area of rhombus = d d where d1,d2
a) a square if d1=d2 and aa1  bb1  0 , 2 1 2
are
63
lengths of the diagonals iv) Image of ( a , b ) w.r.to x + y = 0 is  b, a 
W.E-13: The triangle formed by the lines v) If B is image of A w.r.to P then 2P = A + B
x-7y-22=0, 3x+4y+9=0, 7x+y-54=0 is
So: by using vi) Reflection of f  x, y   0 in x-axis is
a2 b2 a3 b3 a1 b1 f  x,  y   0
a12 b12 : a22 b22 : a32 b32
a3 b3 a1 b1 a2 b2
vii) Reflection of f  x, y  0 in y-axis is
we get 1: 2 :1 hence the triangle is right
angled isosceles. f x, y   0
W.E-14: If the distance of any point P(x, y) from
viii) Reflection of f  x, y  0 in x = y is
the origin is defined as d(x, y) = Max.
|x|, |y| and d(x, y) = a (non zero f  y, x   0
constant), then the locus of the P is ix) Image of the line ax+by+c = 0 w.r.t line
lx+my+n =0 (or) the straight line lx+my+n=0
Sol: d(x, y) = Max. |x|, |y| .....(i)
bisects an angle between the two lines of which
But d(x, y) = a ..... (ii) one of them is ax+by+c=0 then equation of other
From (i) and (ii), line is
a = Max. |x|, |y| l 2
 m 2   ax  by  c  =2(al+bm) (lx+my+n)
If |x| > |y|, then a = |x|  x = ± a W.E-15 : In ABC A is (1,2) if the internal angle
If |y| > |x|, then a = |y|  y = ± a bisector of B is 2x-y+10=0 and
perpendicular bisector of AC is y=x then
Hence locus of P represents a square. the equation of BC is
Foot and Image: Sol: Image of A w.r.to bisector of B is (-7,6) lies on
 i) If  h, k  is the foot of the perpendicular from BC and image of A in the perpendicular bisector
of AC is C(2,1)
 x1, y1  to the line ax  by  c  0 then
 equation of BC is 5x+9y-19=0
h  x1 k  y1   ax1  by1  c 
  or Centroid, circumcentre,
a b a 2  b2
 h, k  = x1  a, y1  b where orthocentre and incentre:
 i) Let A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  , C  x3 , y3  be
ax1  by1  c 
 vertices of ABC then,
a 2  b2
ii) If  h, k  is the image (reflection ) of the point a) Equation of altitude through A is
 x1 , y1  w.r.t the line ax  by  c  0 then  x  x1  x2  x3    y  y1   y2  y3 

b) Equation of perpendicular bisector of the side
h  x1 k  y1 2  ax1  by1  c 
  or AB is
a b a 2  b2
c) Orthocentre of  ABC is
 h, k  = x1  a, y1  b where
2 ax1  by1  c   x1 tan A x2 tan B  x3 tanC y1 tan A y2 tan B  y3 tanC 
,
 
 tanAtanB tanC tanAtanB tanC


a2  b 2
iii) Image of (a , b) w.r.to y = x is (b , a ) d) Circum centre of ABC is
64
x1  4  1
 x1 sin2A x2 sin2B x3 sin2C y1 sin2A y2 sin2B  y3 sin2C    4  x1  7
 ,  3
 sin2Asin2Bsin2C sin2Asin2Bsin2C 
Since B(x1, y1) lies on x + y = 5
ii) The equations of the sides BC,CAandAB of
 y1 = 5 – x1 = 5 – 7 = –2  B is (7, –2),
the triangle ABC formed by the lines
Li  a i x  bi y  ci  0 (i=1,2,3) then
a) Orthocentre is point of intersection of
A 1, 2 
 a2a3 b2b3  L1   a3a1 bb
3 1  L2   aa 1 2  L3
1 2 bb
b) Median through A is 2 L2  3 L3  0
G(4, 1)
Hence centroid satisfies 2 L2  3 L3  1 L1
iii) If H is orthocentre of triangle ABC, then
orthocentre of triangle formed by any three of
the points H,A,B,C will be the remaining point. B x1 , y1  C 4, y 
iv) Circumcentre is equidistant from the vertices
of triangle y1  y  2
Also  1  y  3  2  y1
3
v) If G is the centroid, H is the orthocentre and
 C is (4, 3)
S is the circumcentre then
Angular bisectors of two straight lines:
a) The relation between them is 3G = 2S + H.  Angular bisector is the locus of a point which
b) H  3G when S   0, 0  moves in such a way so that its distance from
vi) Incentre is equidistant from all sides of the two intersecting lines remains same.
traingle. The equations of the two bisectors of the angles
vii) In a triangle ABC,
between the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and
a) The internal bisector of angle A, ie. AD di-
vides opposite side BC at D in the ratio AB:AC a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are
b) The external bisector of angle A, ie. AD di- a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2
vides opposite side BC at D in the ratio -AB:AC 2 2 =±
a b
1 1 a 22  b 22
viii) If the algebraic sum of the perpendicular
distances from three points to a variable line is
zero, then the line passes through the centroid
of the triangle formed by the three points. Q
M
W.E-16: In a triangle ABC, coordinates of A are D P

(1, 2) and the equations to the medians
O
through B and C are x + y = 5 and x = 4
respectively. Then the points B and C are N
Sol: Let B be (x1, y1) and C be (4, y). Since medians
through B and C meet at Centroid G (4, 1)
65
i) If the two given lines are not perpendicular i.e. according as a1a2 + b1b2 is negative or positive.
a 1 a 2 + b 1 b 2 ¹ 0 and not parallel i.e. v) The equation of the bisector of the angle
a1 b2 ¹ a2b1 then one of these equations is the which contains a given point :
equation of the bisector of the acute angle
The equation of the bisector of the angle
between two given lines and the other that of
between the two lines containing the point
the obtuse angle between two given lines.
ii) Whether both given lines are perpendicular a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2
or not, but the angular bisectors of these lines
 x1 , y1  is 2 2
=
a b
1 1 a 22  b 22
will always be mutually perpendicular.
a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2
iii) The bisectors of the acute and the obtuse or 2 2
=–
a b
1 1 a 22  b 22
angles:
according as a1x1 + b1y1 + c1 and a2x1 + b2y1 +
Take one of the lines and let its slope be m1 and
c2 are of the same signs or of opposite signs.
take one of the bisectors and let its slope be m2.
vi) For example the equation of the bisector of
If  be the acute angle between them, then find
the angle containing the origin is given by
m1  m 2
tan  = a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2
1  m1m 2
=+ for same
C a 12  b12 a 22  b 22
sign of c1 and c2 (for opposite sign take –ve
N
sign in place of +ve sign)
A 
vii) If c1c2 (a1a2 + b1b2) < 0, then the origin will
P  x, y 
lie in the acute angle and if
M
B c1c2 (a1a2 + b1b2) > 0, then origin will lie in the
obtuse angle.
If tan  > 1 then the bisector taken is the bisector viii) Equation of straight lines passing through
of the obtuse angle and the other one will be the P(x1, y1) and equally inclined with the lines
bisector of the acute angle. a1x + b1y + c1= 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are
If 0 < tan  < 1 then the bisector taken is the those which are parallel to the bisectors
bisector of the acute angle and the other one between these two lines and passing through
will be the bisector of the obtuse angles. the point P.
iv) consider the lines are a1 x + b1y + c1 = 0 W.E-17 :
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, where c1  0, c2  0
For the straight lines 4x + 3y – 6 = 0 and
then,
5x + 12y + 9 = 0, find the equation of the -
a 1x  b1 y  c1 a 2x  b2 y  c2
 (i) Bisector of the obtuse angle between them
a 12  b12 a 22  b 22
is
will represent the equation of the bisector of the
ii) Bisector of the acute angle between them
acute or obtuse angle between the lines
66
is ii) The point is P such that PA  PB is

Maximum, is point of intersection of line L = 0
(iii) Bisector of the angle which contains origin
and line joining A and B.
is
W.E-18: A light ray emerging from the point
(iv) Bisector of the angle which contains (1, 2)
source placed at P(2, 3) is reflected at a
is
point ‘Q’ on the y-axis and then passes
Sol: after making c1 >0 and c2 >0 ;
through the point R(5, 10). Coordinate of
a1a2+b1b2 = (-4)(5)+(-3)(12) = -56 <0
‘Q’ is -
i) The bisector of the acute angle is
Sol: Image of point P(2,3) in Y-axis is P1  2,3
 4 x  3y  6 5x  12 y  9
2 2 = Equation of P1R  y  3  1 x  2 
(4)  (3) 52  12 2
x y5  0
7x + 9y – 3 = 0
ii) The bisector of the obtuse angle P1R meets the Y-axis at Q(0,5)
Reflection in surface:
is
 4 x  3y  6 5x 12 y  9 N
=  I R
(4) 2  (3) 2 52 122
9x – 7y – 41 = 0  
(iii) The bisector of the angle containing the Tangent

P
origin
 4 x  3y  6 5x  12 y  9 IP = incident ray
2 2 = PN = normal to the surface
(4)  (3) 52  12 2
7x + 9y – 3 = 0 PR = reflected ray
(iv) For the point (1, 2),  IPN =  NPR

 Angle of incident = Angle of reflection
4x + 3y – 6 = 4 × 1 + 3 × 2 – 6 > 0
No. of lines, no. of triangles and no. of
5x + 12y + 9 = 12× 2 + 9 > 0
circles:
Hence equation of the bisector of the angle
 No. of lines drawn through the point A which
containing the point (1, 2) is
4 x  3y  6 5x  12 y  9 are at a distance d from the point B
=
5 13
9x – 7y – 41 = 0 a) If AB = d then the no. of lines through A at a
Optimization: distance d from B is 1

 Let A and B are two points on same side of line b) If AB>d then the no. of lines through A at a
L  ax  by  c  0 distance d from B is 2
i) The point P such that PA + PB is minimum, is
intersection of L = 0 and the line joining A to c) If AB<d then the no. of lines through A at
image of B a distance d from B is 0
or line joining B to image of A w.r.to L = 0  No of right angled traingles in a circle depends
67
on height h of the traingle and radius r of the  If the perpendicular bisectors of sides
circle AB , AC are perpendicular then
i)  BAC is 900
a) If h = r, no. of right angled traingles = 2
ii) point of intersection of the perpendicular
b) If h < r, no. of right angled traingles = 4 bisectors is mid point of BC
c) If h > r, no. of right angled traingles = 0 Proof :
 No. of circles touching three lines A
0
a) No circle if the lines are parallel 90
b) one circle if the lines are concurrent

900 0
0
90
90
c) 2 circles if two lines are parallel and third B C
cuts them
d) 4 circles if the lines are not concurrent and
no two of them are parallel.  For an equilateral  ABC , ex-centres I1 , I 2
W.E-19: Let A= (1,2), B= (3,4) and C=(x,y) be a and I 3 are images of A,B and C w.r.t.
point such that(x–1) (x–3)+(y–2)(y–4)=0. If
BC , CA & AB respectively
area of  ABC=1 then maximum number
Proof :  BAC ,  B I 1C are similar triangles.
of positions of C in the xy plane is
 I1 is image of A w.r.t. BC
Sol: Ends of diameter are A= (1,2), B= (3,4)
Area of the triangle is equal to 1 A
1 1

2
 
2 2  h  =1  h 
2
300300
AB 5
radius =  B 600 60
0
C
2 2 600
600
 number of traingles= 4 ( h < r)

 Image of orthocentre of  ABC w.r.t. a side
of the triangle lies on circumcircle of I1
 ABC
 In a right angled triangle, the sum of the
Proof : From diagram,D BHD, D BTDare congruent
lengths of the legs is equal to the sum of
triangles  T is image of H w.r.t. BC the diameters of the inscribed and the
circumscribed circles.
A
Proof : c =2R ( R is circum radius )
In-radius = r = ( s-c ) tan C/2
 2r  a  b  c  2 R  2r  a  b
H
0
90 -c D c
B 0
90 -c c C
68
Let P be a point of BC ,
B
Let h1 , h 2 are r distances from P to
1
AB, AC area of ABP, 1  AB h1
2
1
a c area of ACP, 2  AC h2
2
2 2 2 1
h1  h2  1  2    .  AC h
b AC AC AC 2
C A
h1  h2  h ( h is altitude from B to AC )
 If the sides BC , CA and AB of a triangle sum of the distances is equal to the length
ABC are divided by the points D,E,F in of altitude drawn to a lateral side of the
the same ratio, then the centroids of triangle.
 ABC,  DEF are coincide.
 The line in the family of lines L1   L2  0
Proof : Let the points D,E,F divides BC , CA and which is at maximum distance from a point
AB in the ratio of 1 :  respectively.. P is perpendicular to PA , where A is point
  x  x3  y2  y3  concurrence of the family of lines.
D   2 , ,
   1   1 
  x  x1  y3  y1  C.U.Q
E   3 , 
   1   1 
1. The straight line through A(a,b) intersects
  x  x2  y1  y2 
F   1 ,  the line through B(c,d) at ‘P’ at right angles.
   1   1 
The locus of P is
Centroid of  D E F = Centroid of  ABC
1) (x–a)(x–c)+(y–b)(y–d)=0
 x1  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
=  ,  2) (x–a)(x–c)-(y–b)(y–d)=0
 3 3 
3) (x–b)(x–d)+(y–a)(y–d)=0
 In an isosceles triangle the sum of the
distances from any point of the base to the 4) (x–b)(x–d)+(y–a)(y–c)=0
lateral sides is constant. 2. If ax+by+c=0 is parallel to x-axis then
Proof :
which of the following is defined
A 2 2 2 2 2
4b  c
2 2
a c b c ac
1) 2 2
2) 2
3) 4)
c b a abc a
3. The straightline ax  by  c  0  a, b, c  0 
will pass through the first quadrant and cut
the positive x-axis, if
h1 h2 1) ac  0, bc  0 2) ac  0, bc  0
B C 3) ac  0 and / or bc  0
P
69
4) ac  0 and / or bc  0 3) form a scalene triangle

ax by c 4) form a right angled triangle
4 If 2 2
+ 2 2
= 2 2
is
a b a b a b
9. m  a1x+b1y+c1=0 and l  a2x+b2y+c2=0 are
perpendicular form of a straight line then a1 b1 c1
1) a , b, c  0 2) a  0, b  0, c  0 two straight lines such that a  b  c
2 2 2
3) c < 0 4) a, b  0, c  0 then m + kl = 0, k  R is
5. The straight line passing through P(x1,y1)
1) a straight line different from m and l
and making an angle  with x-axis
intersects Ax+By+C=0 in Q then PQ= 2) not a straight line
Ax 1  By 1  C Ax1  By1  C 3) is a straight line concurrent with m and l

1) 2)
2
A  B
2
A cos   B sin  4) the same straight line m = 0
Ax1  By1  C Ax1  By1  C 10. If a and b are the intercepts made by the
3) 4) 2 2 2 2 straight line on the coordinate axes such
A cos   B sin  A cos   B sin  1 1 1
that   then the line passes through
6. If a+b+c  0, ax+by+c=0 bx+cy+a=0, a b c
point
cx+ay+b=0 are concurrent then
a
2 2
 b
2
 c 1 1 c c
= 1) (1,1) 2) (c,c) 3)  ,  4)  , 
ab  bc  ca c c a a
1) 1/2 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0 11. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by
the points A  a cos  , a sin  
7. The lines
B  a cos  , a sin   C  a cos  , a sin   is
(a+b-2c)x+(b+c-2a)y+(c+a-2b)=0,
(b+c-2a)x+(c+a-2b)y+(a+b-2c)=0 and 1) (cos  +cos  +cos  , sin  +sin  +sin  )
(c+a-2b)x+(a+b-2c)y+(b+c-2a)=0 where 2) a cos cos  cos  , a sin sin  sin 
a,b,c,real numbers
3. a cos sin  sin  , a sin cos  cos  
1) Form an equilateral triangle
4. (cos  cos  cos  , sin  sin  sin  )
2) Concurrent
12. (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) are the vertices of an
3) Form a right angled triangle
equilateral triangle. Then the orthocentre
4) Form an isosceles triangle
of the triangle is
8. If the lines
adf bce
p1x  q1 y  1, p2 x  q2 y  1and p3 x  q3 y  1 1)  , 
 3 3 
be concurrent, then the points ace bdf 
2)  , 
 p1 , q1  ,  p2 , q2  and  p3 , q3  ,  3 3 
1) are collinear acf bde
3)  , 
 3 3 
2) form an equilateral triangle
70
abc def  14. Use area of triangle formula

4)  , 
 3 3  LEVEL - I (C.W)
13. A triangle is formed by the lines ax+by+c=0
Slope of a line:
lx+my+n=0, px+qy+r=0, then the straight
1. If the line passing through the points
line (ax+by+c)(lp+mq)= (lx+my+n) (ap+bq)
(-8,3) (2,1) is parallel to the line passing
passes through .......... of the triangle.
through the points (11,-1) (k,0) then the
1) Incentre 2) Circumcentre value of k is
3) Orthocentre 4) Centroid 1) 5 2) 7 3) 5/2 4) 6
2. If each of the points (a,4),(-2,b) lies on the
14. The area of the triangle formed by the lines
line joining the points (2,-1),(5,-3),then the
y = m1x + c1,y = m2x+c2 and x=0 is
point (a,b) lies on line
| c1  c2 | 2
(c1  c2 ) 1) 6x+6y-25=0 2) x+3y+1=0
1) 2 | m  m | 2) 2
1 2 2( m2  m1 ) 3) 2x+6y+1=0 4) 2x+3y-5=0
(c1  c2 )2 (c1  c2 )2 3. If the lines y = – 3x + 4, ay = x + 10 and
3) 4) 2y + bx + 9 = 0 represent three consecutive
2 | m1  m2 | | m2  m1 |
C.U.Q - KEY sides of a rectangle then ab =
1) 1 2) 1 3) 4 4) 3 5) 3 1 1
6) 3 7) 2 8) 1 9) 4 10) 2 1) 18 2) –3 3) 4)
11) 2 12) 2 13) 3 14) 3 2 3
Slope-intercept form,slope-point form
C.U.Q - HINTS
and two-point form:
1. Locus of P is a circle with end points of the
4. The equation of the stratight line cutting
diameter A,B off an intercept 8 on x–axis and making
2. Line parellel to x-axis an angle of 600 with the positive direction
 x-coeffient =0 of y –axis is
c 1) x  3y 8  0 2) x  3 y  8
3.  0
a 3) y  3 x  8 4) y  3 x  8
4. x cos   y sin   p, where p  0
5. If (-4,5) is one vertex and 7x-y+8=0 is one
5. let PQ = r diagonal of a square, then the equation of
Q  x1  r cos , y1  r sin   sub in the other diagonal is
Ax+By+C=0 . 1) x+7y-31=0 2) x+7y-15=0
6. 3) x+7y+8=0 4) x+7y-35=0
a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc  0
 a  b  c   a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca   0 Intercepts and intercept form:
7. L1  L2  L3  0 6. Equation of a line which passes through the
8. Area = 0 point (-3,8) and cut off positive intercepts
9. on the axes whose sum is 7 is
m  0, l  0 represent coincident lines
1) 3x-4y=12 2) 4x+3y=12
c c 3) 3x+4y=12 4) 4x-3y=12
10.  1
a b 7. The number of lines that are parallel to
11. If S= 0 then H = 3G 2x + 6y– 7 = 0 and have an intercept 10
12. S=G between the co-ordinate axes is
13. Given equation is altitude 1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) infinitely many
8. If the line (x-y+1) + k (y-2x+4) = 0 makes
71
equal intercept on the axes then the value 1) lie on L
of k is 2) lie on same side of L
1) 1/ 3 2) 3/ 4 3) 1/ 2 4) 2 / 3 3) lie on opposite sides of L
Normal form and symmetric form: 4) equidistant from L
9. The equation of set of lines which are at a 17. The vertices of a triangle are O(0.0),
constant distance 2 units from the origin is B(-3,-1),C(-1,-3). The equation of the line
1) x+y+2=0 parallel to BC and intersecting the sides
2) x+y+4=0 OB and OC whose perpendicular distance
3) xcos  + ysin  = 2 from O is 1/2 is
4) xcos  + ysin  = ½ 1) x + y = 1 / 2 2) x + y = -1/ 2
10. The slope of a straight line through A(3,2) 3) x + y = -1/2 4) x + y = 1/2
is 3/4 then the coordinates of the two points
Point of intersection of lines and
on the line that are 5 units away from A are Concurrency of Lines :
1) (-7,5) (1,-1) 2) (7,5) (-1,-1)
18. If the lines ax+by+c = 0, bx+cy+a = 0 and
3) (6,9) (-2,4) 4) (7,3) (-2,1)
cx+ay+b=0 a  b  c are concurrent then
Problems on distances:
11. The length of the perpendicular from the the point of concurrency is
point (0,0) to the straight line passing 1) (0,0) 2) (1,1) 3) (2,2) 4) (-1,-1)
through P(1,2) such that P bisects the 19. If the lines 3x+2y-5=0, 2x-5y+3=0,
intercepted part between axes 5x+by+c=0 are concurrent then b+c =
1) 7 2) -5 3) 6 4) 9
1) 5 2)4 3) 4 / 5 4) 5 / 4
20. The lines (p-q) x + (q-r) y + (r-p) = 0
12. Radius of the circle touching the lines (q-r) x + (r-p) y + (p-q) = 0
3x+4y-14=0, 6x+8y+7=0 is (EAM- 2011)
(r-p) x + (p-q) y + (q-r) = 0
7 7 7 1) Form an equilaterial triangle
1) 7 2) 3) 4)
2 4 6 2) Form an Isosceles triangle
13. The distance between the parallel lines 3) are Concurrent
2
given by  x  7 y   4 2  x  7 y   42  0 4) Form a right angled triangle
21. If 2 is a root of ax2+bx+c=0 then point of
is (EAM- 2012)
1)1 2)5 3)6 4)2 concurrence of lines ax+2by+3c=0 is
14. Equation of the straight line parallel to 1) (12,3) 2) (4,2) 3) (1,2) 4) (2, 3)
x+2y-5=0 and at the same distance from 22. For all values of ‘a’ the set of straight lines
(3,2) is (3a+1) x - (2a+3) y + 9-a=0 passes through
1) x+2y-8=0 2) x+2y+9=0
the point
3) x+2y-9=0 4) x+2y-7=0
15. If the straight line drawn through the point 1) (3, 4) 2) (4,2) 3) (3,3) 4) (1,2)
23. Equation of the line passing through the

P  
3, 2 making an angle
6
with x-axis point of intersection of the lines 2x+3y-
1=0,
meets the line 3 x-4y+8=0 at Q. Then PQ 3x+4y-6=0 and perpendicular to 5x-2y-7=0
is
is ( EAM- 2009)
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 9
1) 2x+5y-19=0 2) 2x+5y+17=0
Position of a point (s) w.r.t. line (s):
3) 2x+5y-16=0 4) 2x+5y-22=0
16. If the line 3x+4y-8=0 is denoted by L, then Angle between lines:
the points (2,-5),(-5,2)
24. If 2 x  3 y  4  0 &  x  ky  2  0 are
72
identical lines then 3  2k  line joining the points

1) 1 2) 0 3) -1 4) 2  a cos   a sin   ,  a cos   a sin   is
25. The angle between the diagonals of a
1)  cos   cos   sin   sin  
x y
quadrilateral formed by the lines   1, 2)  cos   cos   sin   sin  
a b
x y x y x y 3)  a  cos   cos   , a  sin   sin   
  1,   2,   2 is  2 2 
b a a b b a 4)  cos  cos  ,sin  sin  
    33. Suppose A, B are two points on 2x-y+3=0
1) 2) 3) 4) and P(1,2) is such that PA=PB. Then the
4 6 3 2
mid point of AB is
Triangles and area of the triangle:
26. The triangle formed by the lines   1 , 13   7 , 9 
1)   2)  
 5 5   5 5
3 x  y  2  0, 3x  y  1  0 , y=0 is
 7 , 9   7 , 9 
1) Equilateral 2) Right angled 3)   4)  
5 5   5 5 
3) Right angled isosceles 4) Isosceles
27. The area of the triangle formed by the lines 34. A line passing through the points
x=0; y=0 and x sin180  y cos360  1  0 is
 7, 2 ,  3, 2 then the image of the line in
x-axis is
1)1 2)2 3)3 4)4
1) y = 4 2) y = 9 3) y = –1 4) y = –2
28. If a straight line perpendicular to
3x-4y-6=0 forms a triangle with the 35. Image of the curve x 2  y 2  1 in the line
coordinate axes whose area is 6sq. units, x  y  1 is
then the equation of the straight line (s) is
(EAM- 2014) 1) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
1) x-2y=6 2) 4x+3y=12 2) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
3) 4x+3y+24=0 4) 3x-4y=12 3) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
29. The equation of base of an equilateral triangle 4) x 2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
is x+y=2 and the vertex is (2, -1). Then area
of triangle is
36. Image of (1,2) w.r.t. (-2,-1) is
1) (0,5) 2) (-4,-3) 3) (-5,-4) 4) (-4,-5)
1) 2 3 2) 3/6 3) 1 3 4) 2 3
37. The image of the point (-2,-7) under the
Quadrilaterals and area of the transformation (x,y)  (x-2y,-3x+y) is
quadrilaterals:
30. The quadrilateral formed by the lines 1) (–12,1) 2) (12,–1) 3)(–12,–1) 4) (12,1)
2x-5y+7=0, 5x+2y-1=0, 2x-5y+2=0,
5x+2y+3=0 is Centroid, circumcentre,
1) Rectangle 2) Square orthocentre and incentre:
3) Parallelogram 4) Rhombus
31. The diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS are 38. The algebraic sum of the perpendicular
along the lines x  3 y  4 and 6 x  2 y  7. distances from the vertices of a triangle to
Then PQRS must be : a variable line is ‘O’, then the line passes
1) rectangle 2) square through the ------ of the triangle
3) cyclic quadrilateral 4) rhombus 1) Incentre 2) Centroid
Foot and Image: 3) Orthocentre 4) Circumcentre
32. Foot of the perpendicular of origin on the 39. A(1,-1) B(4,-1) C(4,3) are the vertices of a
73
triangle. Then the equation of the altitude 8. m = -1

through the vertex ‘A’ is 9. p = 2, x cos   y sin   2
1) x = 4 2) y = 4 3) y + 1= 0 4) x =1
10.  x1, y1    3, 2
40. The equations of the sides of a triangle are
x-3y=0, 4x+3y=5, 3x+y=0. The line 3 3 4
tan   sin   , cos  
3x-4y=0 passes through 4 5 5
1) Incentre 2) Centroid
 x, y    x1  r cos , y1  r sin  
3) Orthocentre 4) Circumcentre
11. Eq. of the given line is 2x+y=4
41. Equation of a diameter of the circum circle
of the triangle formed by the lines 4
required distance=
3x+4y-7=0, 3x-y+5=0 and 8x-6y+1=0 is 5
1) 3x-y-5=0 2) 3x+y+5=0 12. Distance between two parallel tangents of a circle
= Diameter
3) 3x-y+5=0 4) 3x+y-5=0
13. Find the distance between
42. The incentre of the triangle formed by the
x  7 y  3 2  0 and x  7 y  7 2  0
lines x cos   y sin    , 14. Verification
x cos   y sin    , x cos   y sin    ax1  by1  c
15.
is  ,   then    = a cos   b sin 
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 16. Use m : n   L11 : L22
LEVEL-I (C.W)-KEY 17. line parallel to BC is x+y=k
1) 4 2) 3 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1
6) 2 7) 2 8)4 9) 3 10) 2 k
1 1
from given data k 

11) 3 12) 3 13) 4 14) 3 15) 3 2 2 2
16) 2 17) 2 18) 2 19) 2 20) 3
( O,B are opposite sides of the line)
21) 1 22) 1 23) 2 24) 2 25) 4
26) 1 27) 2 28) 2 29) 2 30) 1 a b c
31) 4 32) 3 33) 1 34) 4 35) 4
b c a 0
36) 3 37) 2 38) 2 39) 3 40) 3 18. a+b+c=0
41) 3 42) 1 c a b
LEVEL-I (C.W)-HINTS
1. Slopes of the parallel lines are equal 3 2 5
2. a=-11/2, b=5/3 2 5 3  0
19.
3. let the given sides are AB, BC, CD 5 b c
AB || CD  b  6
20. L1  L2  L3  0
AB  BC  a  3
21. 4a+2b+c=0 & ax+2by+3c=0
4. y  m( x  8), m  tan150
5. Write the equation to a line perpendicular to 22. Solve 3 x  2 y  1  0 , x  3 y  9  0
2
7 x  y  8  0 and sub  4,5  23. intersecting point (14,-9) , m 
5
6. Verification 2 3 4
7. Two lines parallel to any given line make intercept 24.  
 k 2
of same length k between the axes in opposite 25. The quadrilateral formed by the lines is a
rhombus
quadrants
74
 5 2 3
a2 b2 a b a b 1) 2. 3. 4.
26.
2
a b
1
2
1 : a b 3 3 : a32 b32 1 1
2
2
2
2
3 6 3 4
a3 b3 a1 b1 a2 b2
2. If the straight line (3x+4y+5)+k(x+2y-3)=0
is parallel to x-axis then the value of k is
c2
27.  1) 1 2) -3 3) 4 4) 2
2 ab
3. Number of straight lines passing through
28. The line perpendicular to given line is (1, 3),(7, -3),(5, -1),(6, -2) is
1) 2 2) 4c2 3) 4p2 4) 4c4.
k2
4x  3y  k  0  6 Slope-intercept form,slope-point
24
form and two-point form:
p2
29. Area  where p is height of  4. The equation of the horizontal line passing
3
30. Adjacent sides are perpendicular and distance through the point (4,-7) is
between parallel sides are not equal.
1) y-7=0 2) y+7=0 3) y-4=0 4) y+4=0
31. Given equation of the diagonals of a
parallelogram are at right angle. Hence it is a 5. The equation of the straight line making
rhombus. an intercept of 3 units on the y-axis and
32. Mid point becuase OA  OB
33. Apply foot of the perpendicular formula inclined at 450 to the x-axis is
34. Line equation y =2 Image with respect to x- 1) y = x-1 2) y= x+3
axex is y =-2
35. Image of (0,0) in line is (1,1) 3) y = 45x + 3 4) y = x+45
2 2 Intercepts and intercept form:
 image circle is  x  1   y  1  1
6. Equation of the line having intercepts a,b
36. The image of (x1,y1) w.r.to(x,y) is on the axes such that a+b=5 and ab =
(2x-x1,2y-y1) 21
is
37. apply given condition 4
38. Algebric sum of the distances from the three 1) 3x+2y=6 2) 2x+3y=6
non collinear points to variable line is zero then 3) 14x+6y=21 4) x+4y=4
the line passing through centroid of the triangle 7. x intercept of the line parallel to 4x+7y=9
formed by this points. and passing through (2,3) is
39. AB  BC 25 17 29 29
40. Given lines form a right angle triangle 1) 2) 3) 4)
4 4 4 7
41. Hypotenous is diameter 8. A straight line meet the axes in A and B
42. (0,0) is equidistance from sides such that the centroid of triangle OAB is
(a,a). Then the equation of the line AB is
LEVEL - I (H.W)
1) x+y=a 2) x-y=3a
Slope of a line: 3) x+y=2a 4) x+y=3a
Normal form and symmetric form:
1
1. If the slope of a line is then its 9. Equation of the line on which the length of
3
the perpendicular from origin is 5 and the
inclination is angle which this perpendicular makes with
the x axis is 60O
75
1) x  3 y  12 2) 3 x  y  10 18. If the point of intersection of kx+4y+2=0,

x-3y+5=0 lies on 2x+7y-3=0 then k=
3) x  3 y  8 4) x  3 y  10 1) 2 2) 3 3)-2 4) -3
10. A point on line x  y  1  0 at a distance 19. The lines px  qy  r  0 , qx  ry  p  0
rx  py  q  0 , are concurrant then
2 2 from the point 1, 2  is
1) p  q  r  0 2) p3  q3  r3  3pqr
1)  3, 4  2)  3, 0  3)  1, 4  4)  0,1
3) p 2  q 2  r 2  pq  qr  rp  0
Problems on distances: 4) All the above
20. The point of concurrence of the lines
11. The perpendicular distance from (1,2) to
the straight line 12x+5y=7 is x y x y
  1,   1, x = y is
1) 15/13 2) 12/13 3) 5/13 4) 7/13 3 4 4 3
12. The vertices of a triangle are A(5,6)
4 4 2 2
B(1, -4) C(-4,0) then the length of the 1)  ,  2)  , 
3 3 7 7
altitude through the vertex A is
66 55 17 19  12 12   7 7
1) 2) 3) 4) 3)  ,  4)  , 
41 41 5 5  7 7  12 12 
13. The distance between the parallel lines 21. If 4a+5b+6c=0 then the set of lines
8x+6y+5=0 and 4x+3y-25=0 is ax+by+c=0 are concurrent at the point
7 9 11 5  2 5 1 1 1 4 1 7
1) 2) 3) 4) 1)  ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  , 
2 2 2 4  3 6 3 2 2 3 3 3
14. The equation of the line which is parallel 22. Let a and b be nonzero reals . Then the
to 5x+12y+1=0 and 5x+12y+7=0 and lying equation of the line passing through the
midway between them is origin and the point of inter section of
1) 5x+12y+13=0 2) 5x+12y-4=0
x/a + y/b =1 and x/b + y/a=1
3) 5x+12y+4=0 4) 5x+12y-6=0
1) ax+by=0 2) bx+ay=0
15. The point on the line x + y = 4 that lies at a
3) y-x=0 4) x+y=0
unit distance from the line 4x + 3y - 10 = 0
is 23. The line which is concurrent with the lines
1) (1,3) 2) (-7,11) 3) (11,-7) 4.(2,2) 2x + 3y = 7, 2x = 3y + 1 and passing through
the origin is
Position of a point (s) w.r.t. line (s): 1) x + 2y = 0 2) x – 2y = 0
16. The ratio in which the line 3x+4y-7=0 3) 2x + y = 0 4) 2x – y = 0
divides the line joining the points (1,2) (2,3)
Angle between lines:
is
1) 4:11 Internally 2) 4:11 Externally 24. If  is an acute angle between the lines
3) 7:11 Internally 4) 7:11 Externally y=2x+3, y=x+1 then the value of tan  =
17. The line segment joining the points (1,2) 2 1 3 1
and (k,1) is divides by the line 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 3 4 2
3 x  4 y  7  0 in the ratio 4:9 then k is 25. The angle between the lines kx+y+9=0,
1) 2 2) -2 3) 3 4) -3 y-3x=4 is 45O then the value of k is(EAM- 2007)
Point of intersection of lines and 1) 2 or ½ 2) 2 or -1/2
Concurrency of Lines: pp 3) -2 of ½ 4) -2 or -1/2
pp Triangles and area of the triangle:
76
26. The straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y – 4 = 0

and x+3y–4=0 form a triangle which is  21 49   17 31 
1)  ,  2)  , 
1) isosceles 2) right angled  13 39   13 39 
3) equilateral 4) right angled isosceles triangle
 7 49   21 31 
27. If a, c, b are three terms of a G..P., then the 3)  ,  4)  , 
line ax + by +c =0  13 39   13 39 
1) has a fixed direction 33. If (2, -3) is the foot of the perpendicular
2) always passes through a fixed point from (-4, 5) on a line then its equation is
3) forms a triangle with the axes whose area is 1) 3x-4y+28=0 2) 3x-4y-18=0
constant 3) 3x-4y+18=0 4) 3x-4y-17=0
4) always cuts intercepts on the axes such that 34. If (-2, 6) is the image of the point (4,2)
their sum is zero with respect to the line L=0, then L=
28. Area enclosed by the co-ordinate axes and (EAM- 2014)
the line passing through the pionts (8,-3), 1) 6x-4y-7=0 2) 2x+3y-5=0
(-4,12) is
3) 3x - 2y+5=0 4) 3x-2y+10=0
98 49 24 17 35. One vertex of a square ABCD is A(-1,1)
1) 2) 3) 4)
5 5 25 8 and the equation of one diagonal BD is
29. A straight line L is perpendicular to the line 3x+y-8=0 then C=
4x-2y=1 and forms a triangle of area 4 1) (-5,3) 2) (5,3) 3) (-5,-3) 4) (2,5)
sq.units with coordinate axes then, an
36. The reflection of the point (6,8) in the line
equation of L is
1) 2x+4y+8=0 2) 2x-4y+8=0 x = y is
3) 2x+4y+7=0 4) 4x-2y-7=0 1) (4,2) 2) (-6,-8) 3) (-8,-10) 4) (8,6)
Quadrilaterals and area of the Centroid, circumcentre,
quadrilaterals: orthocentre and incentre:
30. A square of area 25 sq.units is formed by 37. The vertices of a triangle are (2,0) (0,2)
taking two sides as 3x  4 y  k1 and (4,6) then the equation of the median
through the vertex (2,0) is
3x  4 y  k2 then k1  k2  1) x+y-2=0 2)x=2
1) 5 2) 1 3) 25 4) 125 3) x+2y-2=0 4) 2x+y-4=0
31. The equations of two sides of a square whose 38. If the algebraic sum of the perpendicular
area is 25 sq.units are 3x-4y=0 and 4x+3y=0. distances from the points (2,0) (0,2) and
The equation of other two sides of the square (4,4) to a variable line is ‘O’, then the line
passes through the fixed point
are
1) (1,1) 2) (3,3) 3) (2,2) 4) (0,0)
1) 3x – 4y  25 = 0, 4x + 3y  25 = 0
39. If the equations of the three sides of a
2) 3x – 4y  5 = 0, 4x + 3y  5 = 0
triangle are x  y  1,3 x  5 y  2 and
3) 3x – 4y  5 = 0, 4x + 3y  25 = 0
4) 3x – 4y = 0, 4x + 3y = 0 x  y  0 then the orthocentre of the
Foot and Image: triangle lies on the line
32. If 2x+3y=5 is the perpendicular bisector of 1) 5 x  3 y  2 2) 3 x  5 y  1  0
1
the line segment joining the points A (1, ) 3) 2 x  3 y  1 4) 5 x  3 y  1
3
and B then B= ( EAM- 2013) 40. Circum centre of the triangle formed by the
lines x+y=0, 2x+y+5=0, x-y=2 is
77
1) (-2, -1) 2) (-3, 1) c1  c2

3) (-4, 3) 4)(-1, -3) 13. d
a 2  b2
41. The incentre of the triangle formed by the
c1  c2
lines 3x + 4y =10, 5x + 12y =26, 14. ax  by  0
2
7x+24y=50 is  ,   then    = 15. Verification
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4 16. Use m : n   L11 : L22
LEVEL-I(H.W) - KEY L11 4
1) 2 2) 2 3) 4 4) 2 5) 2 17. - L  9  3  3k  9
22
6) 3 7) 3 8) 4 9) 4 10) 1
11) 1 12) 1 13) 3 14) 3 15) 2 k 4 2
16) 2 17) 2 18) 2 19) 4 20) 3
1 3 5 0
21) 1 22) 3 23) 2 24) 2 25) 2 18.
2 7 3
26) 3 27) 3 28) 1 29) 1 30) 3
31) 1 32) 1 33) 2 34) 3 35) 2
36) 4 37) 2 38) 3 39) 4 40) 2 p q r
41) 1 q r p 0
19.
LEVEL-I(H.W) - HINTS r p q
1  p  q  r   p 2  q 2  r 2  pq  qr  rp   0
1. tan  
3
2. Coefficient of x = 0  12 12 
20. Point of intersection is  , 
3. Given points are collinear  7 7
4. y  y1 4 5
21. a    b   c  0
5. y  mx  c 6 6
6. a =3/2, b=7/2
x y
4 22. Intersecting point of   1 and
7. y 3   x  2  , Put y = 0 a b
7
x y  ab ab 
8. Intercepts  ,    1 is  , 
b a  a b a b 
   23. point of intersection of given lines is (2,1)
 ,    a, a
3 3 m1  m2
0 24. tan  
9. P  5,   60 1  m1m2
x cos   y sin   P
m1  m2
10. P  x1  r cos   y1  r sin   with 25. tan   =1
1  m1m2
r  2 2,     
3 1 1 3 1 1
26. 11 : 32  12 : 12  32
11. The perpendicular distance from  x1 , y1  to the 1 3 1 1 3 1
ax1  by1  c 27. c 2  ab
st line ax  by  c  0 is
a2  b2 c2 1
  .
12. Find the perpendicular distance from A to BC 2ab 2
28. The line equation is
78
c2 form and two-point form:

5 x  4 y  28  0 ,   2 ab 3. The perpendicular bisector of the line
29. 2x+y+k=0 forms a triangle of area 4. segment joining P 1, 4  and Q  K ,3 has Y
intercept -4. then a possible value of K is
k1  k2 (AIEEE-2008)
30.  5  k1  k2  25
5 1) -4 2) 1 3) 2 4) -2
31. Verification 4. ( ,  ) lies on the line y=6x-1 and Q( ,  )
32. B is image of A lies on the line 2x-5y=5. Then the equation
33. Line is perpendicular to AB of the line PQ is
1) 2x+y=3 2) 3x+2y=5 3) x+y=6 4)3x+y=7
34. Required line is the perpendicular bisector of
5. A line joining A(2,0) and B(3,1) is rotated
given points.
about A in anticlock wise direction through
35. Image of A w.r.to diagonal BD is C angle 15o, then the equation of AB in the
36. The reflection of the point ( a,b) in the line x=y is new position is
(b,a) 1) y = 3 x – 2 2) y = 3 (x –2)
37. A  2,0  B  0, 2  C  4,6  3) y = 3 (x + 2) 4) x – 2 = 3 y
mid point of BC is D  2, 4  Intercepts and intercept form:
Equation of AD is x  2 6. The line 2x+3y=6, 2x+3y=8 cut the
X-axis at A,B respectively. A line
38. Centroid
L = 0 drawn through the point (2,2) meets
39. given lines form a right angled triangle the X-axis at C in such a way that abscissa
40. Given lines form a right angle triangle of A,B,C are in arithmetic Progression. then
41. Incentre is equidistance from sides, the equation of the line L is
Hence I = (0 ,0 ) 1) 2x+3y=10 2) 3x+2y=10
3) 2x-3y=10 4) 3x-2y=10
LEVEL-II (C.W)
7. The sum of the intercepts cut off by the axes
Slope of a line:
on lines
1. The lines p ( p 2  1) x  y  q  0 and
x  y  a , x  y  ar , x  y  ar 2 ,............
2 2 2
( p  1) x  ( p  1) y  2q  0 are 1
perpendicular to a common line for where a  0 and r 
2
[AIEEE - 2009]
1)2 a 2) a 2 3) 2 2a 4) a
1) exactly one value of p
2) exactly two values of p 8. The equation of the straight line which
3) more than two values of p bisects the intercepts between the axes of
4) no values of p
the lines x + y = 2 and 2x + 3y = 6 is
2. The slope of the line passing through the
1) 2x = 3 2) y = 1 3) 2y = 3 4) x = 1
points  2,sin  , 1,cos  is 0 then general
9. Equation of the line passing through (0, 1)
solution of 
and having intercepts in the ratio 2 : 3 is
 
1) n  , n  Z 2) n  , n  Z 1) 2x + 3y = 3 2) 2x – 3y + 3 = 0
4 4
3) 3x + 2y = 2 4) 2x – 3y – 3 = 0

3) n  , n  Z 4) n , n  Z Normal form and symmetric form:
4
Slope-intercept form,slope-point 10. A straight line is such that its distance of 5
79
units from the origin and its inclination is x cos   y sin   p then the equation of
135O. The intercepts of the line on the co- the 2nd line is
ordinate axes are 1) xcos  + ysin  + p1 + 2p = 0
1) 5, 5 2) 2, 2 2) xcos  + ysin  = 2p1 - p
3) 5 2, 5 2 4) 5 / 2, 5 / 2 3) xcos  + ysin  = 0
11. Angles made with the x - axis by two lines 4) xcos  + ysin  + p1 - 2p = 0
drawn through the point (1, 2) and cutting 17. The ratio in which the line 3x+4y+2=0
2 divides the distance between 3x+4y+5=0
the line x + y = 4 at a distance from and 3x+4y-5=0 is
3
1) 7 : 3 2) 3 : 7 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 4
the point (1,2) are
18. The equations of the lines parallel to
   3
1) and 2) and 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 and at a distance of ‘4’ units
6 3 8 8 from it are
 5   1. 4x + 3y +22 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
3) and 4) and
12 12 4 2 2. 4x + 3y + 22 = 0, 4x + 3y – 18 = 0
Problems on distances: 3. 4x + 3y – 18 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
12. Perpendicular distance from the origin to 4. 4x – 3y – 18 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
the line joining the points (acos  ,asin  ) Position of a point (s) w.r.t. line (s):
(acos  ,asin  ) is 19. The range of  for which the points
    3 2 
1) 2a cos (  -  ) 2) a cos    ,   2  and  ,   lie on opposite
 2 
 2 
sides of the line 2 x  3 y  6  0
     
3) 4a cos 
 2 
 4) a cos 
 2 
 1) , 2 2) 0,1
13. One side of an equilateral triangle is 3) , 2 0,1 4) ,1  2, 
3x+4y=7 and its vertex is (1,2). Then the 20. If P  1  t ,2  t 
 be any point on
length of the side of the triangle is  2 2
a line then the range of values of t for
4 3 3 3 8 3 4 3 which the point P lies between the
1) 2) 3) 4)
17 16 15 15 parallel lines x  2 y  1 and 2 x  4 y  15
14. Equation of the line through the point of
is
intersection of the lines 3x+2y+4=0 and
2x+5y-1=0 whose distance from (2,-1) is 2. 4 2 5 2 4 2 5 2
1)  t  2)  t 
1) 2x-y+5=0 2) 4x+3y+5=0 5 6 3 6
3) x+2=0 4) 3x+y+5=0 4 2 5 2
3) t  4) t 
15. If p,q denote the lengths of the perpendicu 3 6
lars from the origin on the lines 21. A point which lies between 2x+3y–7=0 and
x sec  y cos ec   a and 2x+3y+12=0 is
1) (5, 1) 2) (-1, 3) 3) (3, -5) 4) (7, -1)
x cos   y sin   a cos 2 then ( Eam 2013) 22. A line L cuts the sides AB, BC of ABC in
1) 4p2 q2  a2 2) p 2  q 2  a 2 the ratio 2 : 5, 7 : 4 respectively. Then the
3) p 2  2q 2  a 2 4) 4 p 2  q 2  2a 2 line L cuts CA in the ratio
16. The distance between two parallel lines is 1) 7 : 10 2) 7 : –10 3) 10 : 7 4) 10 : –7
Point of intersection of lines and
p1-p equation of one line is
80
concurrency of Lines : Angle between lines:

23. The number of integral values of m for 30. If p, q, r are distinct, then
which x-coordinate of point of intersection (q-r)x + (r-p) y + (p-q)=0 and
of the lines 3x+4y=9 and y = mx +1 is also (q3-r3) x+ (r3-p3) y + (p3-q3) = 0 represents
an integer is the same line if
1) 2 2) 0 3) 4 4) 11 1) p+q+r=0 2) p=q=r
24. The line parallel to the x-axis and passing 3) p2+q2+r2=0 4) p3+q3+r3=0
through the intersection of the lines
ax+2by+3b=0 and bx – 2ay – 3a = 0, where
31. The lines  a  b  x   a  b  y  2ab  0 ,
(a, b)  (0, 0) is  a  b x   a  b y  2ab  0 and x  y  0
(1)Above the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it form an isosceles triangle whose vertical
(2)Above the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it angle is
(3)Below the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it
 1  2ab 
(4)Below the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it 1) 2) tan  2 2 
25. If a,b,c form a G P with common ratio r, the 2  a b 
sum of the ordinates of the points of 1  a  1  a 
intersection of the line ax+by+c=0 and the 3) tan   4) 2 tan  
b b
curve x+2y2 = 0 is
32. If 2(sina + sinb) x – 2sin (a – b) y = 3 and
r r 2 r r2
1) 2) 3) 4) 2(cosa+cos b ) x+2cos(a-b)y=5 are
2 2 2 2
26. Consider a family of straight lines perpendicular then sin2a + sin 2b =
( x  y )   (2 x  y  1)  0 . Find the equa 1) sin (a-b) – 2sin (a+b)
tion of the straight line belonging to this
family that is farthest from 1, 3 . 2) sin 2(a-b) – 2sin (a+b)
1) 3 x  3 y  2  0 2) 6 x  15 y  7  0 3) 2sin (a-b) – sin (a+b)
3) 5 x  2 y  1  0 4) 6x 15 y  7  0
4) sin2 (a-b) – sin (a+b).
27. If the line x  a  m , y  2 and y  mx
33. Two equal sides of an isoceles triangle are
are concurrent , then least value of a is
given by 7 x  y  3  0 and x  y  3  0
1) 0 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 2
28. If a  b  c , if ax  by  c  0 and the third side passes through the point
bx  cy  a  0 and cx  ay  b  0 are (1, 10 ) then the slope m of the third side is
concurrent. Then the value of
given by
a 2b1c1 b2c1a 1 c 2a1b1
2 2 2 1) 3m 2  1  0 2) m 2  1  0
1) 1 2) 4 3) 8 4) 16
29. Line ax+ by + p =0 makes angle  / 4 with 3) 3m 2  8m  3  0 4) m 2  3  0
x cos   y sin   p, p  R  . If these lines 34. The diagonal of a square is 8x – 15y = 0
and the line x sin   y cos    are and one vertex of the square is (1, 2). Then
concurrent, then
the equations to the sides of the square
1) a 2  b 2  1 2) a 2  b 2  2
3) 2  a  b   1
2 2
4) a 2  b 2  1 passing through the vertex are
1. 22x + 8y = 9, 22x – 8y = 52
81
2. 23x + 7y = 9, 7x – 23y = 52 3 2  3 2 
3)  ,  4)  , 
3. 23x – 7y = 9, 7x + 23y = 53 5 5  13 13 
4. 22x – 8y = 9, 22x + 8y = 52 43. The reflection of y= x w.r.t. y-axis is
Triangles and area of the triangle:
35. Area of triangle formed by angle bisectors 1) y = - x 2) y = x
of coordinate axes and the line x=6 in 3) y = - 4) x = y
x
sq.units is
1) 36 2) 18 3) 72 4) 9 44. The points (-1, 1) and (1, -1) are symmetri
cal about the line
36. The quadratic equation whose roots are the
x and y intercepts of the line passing 1) y + x = 0 2) y = x
through (1,1) and making a traingle of area 3) x + y =1 4) x – y = 1
A with the co -ordinate axes is 45. The equation of perpendicular bisectors of
sides AB,BC of  ABC are x-y-5=0,
1) x 2  Ax  2 A  0 2) x 2  2 Ax  2 A  0
x+2y=0
3) x 2  Ax  2 A  0 4) ( x - A)(x+A) = 0
respectively and A(1,-2) then coordinate
37. A
line passing
 through (3,4) meets the axes of C are
OX and OY at A and B respectively. The 1) (1,0) 2) (0,1) 3) (5,0) 4) (0,0)
minimum area of the triangle OAB in
square units is Centroid, circumcentre,
1) 8 2) 16 3) 24 4) 32 orthocentre and incentre:
Quadrilaterals and area of the 46. If one vertex of an equilateral triangle is
quadrilaterals: the origin and side opposite to it has the
38. The figure formed by the straight lines equation x+y=1, then the orthocentre of the
triangle is
3 x + y = 0, 3y + x = 0, 3x + y = 1,
1 1 2 2
3y + x = 1 is 1)  ,  2)  ,  3)(1,1) 4)(1,3)
3 3 3 3
1) a rectangle 2) a square
47. If the circum centre of the triangle lies at
3) a rhombus 4) parallelogram
(0,0) and centroid is middle point of
39. Let the base of a triangle lie along the line
x = a and be of length a. The area of this a 2
 1, a 2  1 and (2a,-2a) then the
triangle is a2, if the vertex lies on the line orthocentre lies on
1) x + a = 0 2) x = 0 2 2
1)  a  1 x   a  1 y  0
3) 2x – a = 0 4) x – a = 0
2 2
2)  a  1 x   a  1 y  0
40. The area bounded by y  x  1 , y   x  1
2 2
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 4 3)  a  1 x   a  1 y  56  0
2 2
41. The area enclosed by 2 x  3 y  6 is 4)  a  1 x   a  1 y  56  0
1) 3 sq. units 2) 4 sq. units 48. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by
3) 12 sq. units 4) 24 sq. units the lines x+y=1, 2x+3y=6 and 4x-y+9=0
Foot and Image: lies in quadrant number
1) 1st 2) IInd 3) IIIrd 4) IVth
42. The point on the line 3 x  2 y  1 which is
49. If the straight lines 2x+3y-1=0, x +2y-1=0
closest to the origin is and ax + by –1 = 0 form a triangle with
 3 2 5 2 origin as orthocentre, then (a,b) is giveny
1)  ,  2)  ,  by
 13 13   11 11 
82
1) ( 6,4 ) 2) (-3,3 ) 3) ( -8,8 ) 4) ( 0,7 ) 3) y  3 x  3 4) 3 y  x  1

50. In  ABC, equation to AB is 2x+3y-5=0, 58. Consider the points A(0,1) and B(2,0) and P
altitude through A is x-y+4=0 and altitude be a point on the line 4 x  3 y  9  0 .
through B is 2x-y-1=0. Then the vertex C Coordinates of P such that | PA  PB | is
is maximum are
 1 9 1 9  1 9   1 9   24 17   84 13 
1)   ,  2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  ,  1)  5 , 5  2)  , 
 5 5   5 5   5 5  5 5    5 5 
51. Centroid of the triangle, formed by the lines  6 17 

x+2y-5=0, 2x+y-7=0, x-y+1=0 is 3)  ,  4) (0, –3)
 5 5 
1) (1,3) 2) (3,5) 3) (2,2) 4) (1,1) Miscellaneous problems:
Angular bisectors : 59. A straight line which make equal intercepts
52. The acute angle bisector between the lines on +ve x and y axes and which is at a
3x-4y-5=0, 5x+12y-26=0 is distance '1' unit from the origin intersects
1) 7x-56y+32=0 2) 9x-3y+13=0
the straight line y  2x  3  2 at  x 0 , y 0 
3) 14x-112y+65=0 4) 7x-13y+9=0
53. The equation of the bisector of the angle then 2x 0  y0 = [EAM 2010]
between the lines x-7y+5=0, 5x+5y-3=0
1) 3  2 2) 2  1 3) 1 4) 0
which is the supplement of the angle
60. p is the length of the perpendicular drawn
containing the origin will be
from the origin upon a straight line then the
1) x+3y-2=0 2) x-3y+2=0 locus of mid point of the portion of the line
3) 3x-y+1=0 4) 3x+y+2=0 intercepted between the coordinate axes is
54. Reflection of 3x+4y+5 =0 w.r.to the line
2x+y+1=0 is 1 1 1 1 1 2
1) 2
 2  2 2) 2
 2  2
1. 2x+1=0 2. 2x-1=0 x y p x y p
3. 5x-1=0 4. 5x+1=0
1 1 4 1 1 1
55. Two sides of a Rhombus ABCD are parallel 3) 2
 2  2 4) 2  2 
to the lines x-y=5 and 7x-y=3. The x y p x y p
diagonals intersect at (2,1) then the 61. Equation of the line passing through the
equations of the diagonals are point (2,3) and making intercept 2 units
1) x-y=1, 7x-y=13 2) x+y=3,x+7y=9 between the lines y+2x=3, y+2x=5 is
3) x+2y=4, 2x-y=3 4) 3x+4y=10, 4x-3y=5 1) x=2 2) y=3 3) x+y=5 4) x+y=7
62. The number of lines that can be drawn
56. Let P = (-1,0) Q=(0,0) and R=(3, 3 3 ) be through the point (4,-5) at a distance of 10
three points. Then the equation of the units from the point (1,3) is
bisector of angle PQR is ( AIEEE 2007) 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) Infinite
3 63. The number of circles that touch all the 3
1) x+y=0 2) x + 3 y = 0 lines 2x + y = 3, 4x - y = 3, x + y = 2 is
2
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
3 LEVEL-II (C.W)- KEY
3) 3x+y=0 4) x + y=0
2 1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) 3 5) 2
Optimization and reflection in surface: 6) 1 7) 3 8) 2 9) 3 10) 3
57. A ray of light along x  3 y  3 gets 11) 3 12) 2 13) 3 14) 2 15) 1
reflected upon reaching x-axis, the equation 16) 4 17) 2 18) 2 19) 3 20) 2
of the reflected ray is[JEE-MAINS 2013] 21) 3 22) 4 23) 1 24) 3 25) 3
26) 4 27) 3 28) 3 29) 2 30) 1
1) y  x  3 2) 3 y  x  3
31) 2 32) 2 33) 3 34) 3 35) 1
83
36) 2 37) 3 38) 3 39) 1 40) 2

41) 3 42) 4 43) 2 44) 2 45) 3 5  3  32  6  0    2 1  0
46) 1 47) 1 48) 2 49) 3 50) 2   , 2  0,1
51) 3 52) 3 53) 1 54) 3 55) 3
56) 3 57) 2 58) 1 59) 2 60) 3 20. Origin, P lies opposite side to the first line and
61) 1 62) 1 63) 2 same side to the second line
LEVEL-II (C.W)- HINTS 21. Verify L p L1p  0 for options
a1 b1  BD   CE   AF 
1.  22.      1
a2 b2  DC   EA   FB 
2. sin   cos tan   1 5
23. By solving, given equations we get x 
3.  0, 4  lies on perpendicular bisector PQ 3  4m
4. By solving   6  1 and 2   5  5 we get x is an ineger of 3  4m  1, 5 ,
P(1,5) , Q(5,1)  integral values of m are -1,-2
24. Eq. of required line parallel to x-axis
5. New position of AB makes 150  450 inclination
 slope  0     a / b
with x-axis
Equation = 2y + 3 = 0
 2  25. By solving two equations we get
6. A   3, 0  B  4, 0  ; c   2  , 0 
 m  2 y 2  ry  r 2  0
7. Intercepts between the axes made by the given 26. Line to perpendicular to line joining 1, 3 and
lines are a 2, ar 2, ar 2 2 ............... point of concurrency
8. Midpoints of intercepts of given lines are (1,1) , 27. by eliminating x,y from three equations we get –
(3/2,1) 2 = m (a + m)  m 2  am  2  0
9. mx  ny  mx1  ny1 Since m  R  dis  0
10.   1350  900 , P = 5  a2  8  0  a  2 2
28. a bc  0
11. r  2 ,  x1 , y1   1, 2 
3
a 3  b3  c 3  3abc
12. Find the distance between  0, 0  and midpoint 29. ax  by  c  0 is angle bisector of given two
lines.
of  a cos  , a sin   and  a cos  , a sin  
q3  r 3 r 3  p3 p3  q3
3 4 30.  
13. a qr r p pq
2 5
m1  m2
14. Point of intersection   2,1  and verification 31. tan  
1  m1m2
15. Put   45 and use perpendicular distance
formula 32. m1m2  1
16. Verify the distance between the parllel lines
m7 m 1
17. distance between 3x+4y+2=0 & 3x+4y+5=0 33.   3m2  8m  3  0
distance between 3x+4y+2=0 & 3x+4y-5=0 1  7m 1 m
18. m  tan 
ax  by  c  d a 2  b 2  0 34. By using
1  m tan 
19. Points lie on opposite sides of the line
required slopes are 23/7,-7/23
 L11 L22  0
84
35. Equations of the angular bisectors of the

axes are y  x and y   x  c1 , c2 have opposite signs 
1
36. a  b  ab , 2 ab  A 54. l 2
 m2   ax  bx  c   2  al  bm lx  my  n
37.  p , q    3, 4  then minimum area = 2pq 55. Diagonals are parallel to angular bisectors.
38. Adj sides are not perpendicular and d1  d 2
39. Area  a 2  height of   2a 56. T divides PR in the ratio PQ:QR=1:6
40. From the diagram required area 1
57. Slope of reflected ray is and it passing
1 3
 4 area o f    4    2
2 through
y0 1
41. required area is
1
2
 6  4  12 sq. units 
3, 0 is 
x 3

3 3y  x  3
42. Foot of the perpendicular 58. P.I of given line and AB
43. The image of  x, y  w.r.to y-axis is   x, y  59. Equation of the straight line having equal
44. Required line is perpendicular bisector of AB
intercepts is x+y = k and proceed.
45. B is image of A w.r.to x-y-5=0
C is image of B w.r.to x-2y=0 60. Equate the distance from  0,0  to the line
  1 1 x y
46. Foot of the perpendicular D   2 , 2   2
  x1 y1
G(=O) divides median in the ratio 2:1 61. Verification
47. Line joing circumcentre and centroid
48. apply (a1a2+b1b2) L3 =(a1a3+b1b3) 62. AB<d
L2=(a2a3+b2b3)L1 63. Given lines are concurrent.
49. Equation of AO is
LEVEL-II (H.W)
 2 x  3 y  1    x  2 y  11  0 passes
through (0,0)    1 Slope of a line:
Since AO  BC we have a=-b 1. If the inclination of the line
similarly apply BO  AC 3
(2-k) x-(1-k) y+ (5-2k) = 0 is then the
50. Orthocentre =(5,9) 4
Altitude through C which is perpendicular to value of k is
AB is 3x-2y+3=0 5 3 2 3
1) 2) 3) 4)
51. Apply L11  L2 2  L33 2 2 3 2
2
2. If the line joining the points (at 1, 2at1)
52. a1a2  bb ,
1 2  32  0 c1c2  130  0 (at22, 2at2) is parallel to y=x then t1+t2=
a1 x  b1 y  c1 a2 x  b2 y  c2 1 1
Use 
a b 2 2
a b 2 2 1) 2) 4 3) 4) 2
1 1 2 2 2 4
53. Bisector not containg origin is Slope-intercept form,slope-point
a1 x  b1 y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c 2 form and two-point form:

2
a b
1 1
2
a 22  b22 3. The line 2x+3y+12=0 cuts the axes at
A & B. Then the equation of the
85
perpendicular bisector of AB is 11. The parametric equation of a line is given

1) 3x-2y+5=0 2) 3x-2y+7=0 r r
3) 3x-2y+9=0 4) 3x-2y+8=0 by x   2  1 0 a n d y  1  3 1 0
4. If t 1 , t 2 are roots of the equation Then, for the line
t 2  t  1  0 where λ is an arbitary con- 7
stant, then the line joining the points 1) intercept on the x  axis 
2 2
3
(at1 , 2at 1 ) (at 2 , 2at 2 ) always passes
2) intercept on the y  axis  7
through the fixed point
1) (-a, 0) 2) (0,a) 3) (a,0) 4) (0,-a)
3) slope of the line =1/3
4) slope of the line =3
5. ABCD is a parallelogram. Equations of AB
and AD are 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y = 0 and Problems on distances:
the equation of diagonal BD is 11x + 7y + 12. A straight line through the origin 'O' meets
9=0. The equation of AC is the parallel lines 4 x  2 y  9 and
1) x + y = 0 2) x – y = 0
2 x  y  6  0 at points P and Q
3) x + y + 1 = 0 4) x + y – 1 = 0
respectively, then point O divides the
Intercepts and intercept form:
segment PQ in the ratio
6. The equation of the straight line whose 1) 1 : 2 2) 3 : 4 3) 2 : 1 4) 4 : 3
intercepts on x-axis and y-axis are 13. The lengths of the perpendiculars from
respectively twice and thrice of those by the (m 2, 2m), (mn, m + n) and (n2, 2n) to the
line 3x + 4y = 12, is straight line
1) 9x + 8y = 72 2) 9x - 8y = 72 x cos  + y sin  + sin  tan  = 0 are in
3) 8x + 9y = 72 4) 8x+9y+72=0 1) A.P. 2) G.P. 3) H.P. 4) A.G.P.
7. The equation of a straight line parallel to 14. The distance between the Straight lines
2x + 3y + 11 = 0 and which is such that the y=mx+c1, y=mx+c2 is |c1-c2| then m =
sum of its intercepts on the axes is 15. 1)0 2)1 3)2 4)3
1) 2x+3y=15 2) 3x+2y=10 15. Distance between parallel lines 4x+6y+8=0,
3) 2x-3y=10 4) 2x+3y=18 6x+9y+15=0 is
8. The straight line through P(1, 2) is such that 1) 2 / 13 2) 1/ 13 3) 3 / 13 4) 4 / 13
its intercept between the axes is bisected
16. 2x + 3y – 5 = 0, 2x + 3y + 15 = 0,
at P. Its equation is x + y – 7 = 0, x + y + 7 = 0 are sides of a
1) x + 2y = 5 2) x + y – 3 = 0 parallelogram. Then the centre of the
3) x – y + 1 = 0 4) 2x + y – 4 = 0 parallelogram is
9. If (4, –3) divides the line segment between 1) (–5,–5) 2) (5,–5) 3) (–5,5) 4) (5,5)
the axes in the ratio 4 : 5 then its equation 17. The distance of the point (3, 5) from the
is line 2x + 3y – 14 = 0 measured parllel to
the line
1) 15x + 16y – 12 = 0 2) 3x – 4y – 24 = 0
x – 2y = 1 is
3) 15x – 16y +108 = 0 4) 15x – 16y – 108 = 0
7 7
Normal form and symmetric form: 1) 2) 3) 5 4) 13
5 13
10. If a line AB makes an angle  with OX and 18. Equation of the straight line passing through
is at a distance of p units from the origin (1,1) and at a distance of 3 units from
then the equation of AB is (–2, 3) is
1) xsin  – ycos  = p 1) x – 2 = 0 2) 5x – 12y + 6 = 0
3) 5x – 12y + 7 = 0 4) y – 1 = 0
2) xcos  + ysin  = p
3) xsin  + ycos  = p Position of a point (s) w.r.to line (s):
4) xcos  – ysin  = p 19. If L1,L2 denote the lines x + 2y – 2 = 0,
86
2x + 3y + 4 = 0 ax+by-1 are concurrent if the straight line

1. L1 is nearer to origin than L2
22x-35y-1=0 passes through the point
2. L2 is nearer to origin than L1
3. L1,L2 are equidistant from origin 4. can’t say 1) (a, b) 2) (b,a) 3) (-a,b) 4) (-a, -b)
20. If the point (a, a) falls between the lines 28. The equation of the line passing through the
|x+y|=2, then: point of intersection of the lines 2x+y=5 and
1
1) | a |=2 2) | a |=1 3) | a |<1 4) | a |< 2 y=3x-5 and which is at the minimum
21. If (2a-3,a2-1) is on the same side of the line distance from the point (1,2) is
x + y - 4 = 0 as that of origin then the set of 1) x+y=3 2) x-y=1
values of ‘a’ is
3) x-2y=0 4) 2x+5y=7
1) (-4,2) 2) (-2,4) 3)(-7,8) 4)(-7,5)
22. The range of values of the ordinate of a 29. Given a family of lines a(2x + y + 4) + b
point moving on the line x=1 and allways (x – 2y – 3) = 0. The number of lines
remaining in the interior of the triangle
formed by the lines y = x, the x-axis and belonging to the family at a distance 10
x+y=4 from P(2, –3) is
1) (0,1) 2) (0,2) 3) (1,2) 4) (2,1) 1)0 2)1 3)2 4)4
Point of intersection of lines and Angle between lines:
concurrency of Lines : 30. The acute angle between the lines
lx + my = l+m, l (x-y) + m (x+y) = 2m is
23. If the line x  1  y  2  t intersects the    
2 3 1) 2) 3) 4)
4 6 2 3
line x+y=8 then t = 31. The angle between the lines xcos  +ysin 
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 = p1 and xcos  +ysin  =p2 where    is
24. Equation of line which is equally inclined to 1)    2)    3)  4) 2  
the axis and passes through a common 32. One vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,3)
points of family of lines 4acx + y(ab + bc +
and the equation of one side is x-y+5=0.
ca – abc) + abc = 0 (where a, b, c > 0 are in
H.P.) is Then the equations to other sides are
7 1) y–3=–(2  3 )(x–2)
7
1) y – x = 2) y  x  2) y–3=( 2  1)(x–2)
4 4
1 3 3) y–3=( 3  1)(x–2)
3) y  x  4) y  x 
4 4 4) y-3=( 5  1)(x–2)
25. If a,b,c in GP then the line a2x+b2y +ac=0 33. Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are
given by the equations 7x–y+3=0 and
always passes through the fixed point
x+y–3=0. The slope of the third side is
1) (0, 1) 2) (1, 0) 3) (0, -1) 4) (1, -1) 1
1 1 1
26. If U  x+y-2 =0, V  2x-3y+1=0, the point 1) 3, 2) 3,  3) 3, 4) 3, 
3 3 3 3
of intersection of the lines 50U+7V=0, 34. Let there are two lines 2x  3y    0 and
3U+11V=0 is  x  3y  1  0 . If the origin lies in the obtuse
angle then
1) (0,0) 2) (1,0) 3) (0,1) 4) (1,1)
27. The straight lines x+2y-9=0, 3x+5y-5=0 and
87
1)  
9
2) 2    0 Foot and Image:
2
42. Foot of the perpendicular of  6,8 in the
9 line x  y is
3) 0    4) None of these
2 1) (6,6) 2) (7,7) 3) (–6,–6) 4) (–7,–7)
Triangles,area of the triangle: 43. P is the midpoint of the part of the line
3x+y-2=0 intercepted between the axes.
35. The area of the triangle formed by the axes
Then the image of P in origin is
and the line (cosh  - sinh  ) x+ (cosh  +
 1  1 
sinh  ) y=2 in square units is 1)   1,  3  2)   , 4 
   3 
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1  1 
3)   3 ,  1  4) (-2, -3)
36. The equation to the base of an equilateral  
triangle is   
3 1 x  
3 1 y  2 3  0 44. The image of the point P (3,5) with respect
to the line y = x is the point Q and the image
and opposite vertex is A(1,1) then the Area
of Q with respect to the line y = 0 is the
of the triangle is point R (a,b), then (a, b)=
1) 3 2 2) 3 3 3) 2 3 4) 4 3 1) (5,3) 2) (5,-3)
37. Equation of the line on which the 3) (-5,3) 4) (-5,-3)
perpendicular from the origin makes an 45.. The equation of perpendicular bisector ofr
AB and AC of a triangle ABC are x-y-5=0
angle of 30o with X-axis and which forms a
50 and x+2y=0 respectively. If A=(1,-2) then the
triangle of area with the axes is
3 equation of BC is
1) 2 x  2y  9 2) 2 x  3y   9 1) 14x+2y-41=0 2) 11x+2y-25=0
3) 3 x  y   10 4) 3 x  y   10 3) 2x-y-10=0 4) 14x-23y+40=0
Quadrilaterals and area of the Centroid, circumcentre,
quadrilaterals: orthocentre and incentre:
38. The point (2,3) is reflected four times about 46. Let O (0, 0), P (3, 4), Q (6, 0) be the vertices
co-ordinate axes continuously starting with of the triangle OPQ.The point R inside the
x-axis. The area of quadrilateral formed in triangles OPQ is such that the traingles
sq.units is OPR,PQR. OQR are of equal area. The
1) 24 2) 6 3) 12 4) 5 coordinates of R are
39. Area of the quadrilateral formed by the
4   2
lines 4y  3x  a  0 , 3y  4x  a  0 , 1)  ,3  2)  3, 
3   3
4y 3x3a 0, 3y  4x  2a  0 is
 4 4 2
a2 a2 2a 2 2a 2 3)  3,  4)  , 
1) 2) 3) 4)  3 3 3
5 7 7 9
47. If the circumcentre of the triangle lies at
40. Two sides of a rectangle are 3x+4y+5-0, (0,0) and centroid is mid point of the line
4x-3y+15=0 and its one vertex is (0,0). Then joining the points (2,3) and (4,7),then its
the area of the rectangle is orthocentre lies onthe line
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 1)5x-3y=0 2)5x-3y+6=0
41. The area enclosed with in the curve |x|+|y|=1 3)5x+3y=0 4)5x+3y+6=0
is 48. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by
the lines x+y=6, 2x+y=4 and x+2y=5 is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 2 2 4) 4
88
1) 10, 11 2)  10,11 Optimization and reflection in surface:

57. A ray of light passing through the point (8,3)
3) 11, 10  4)  11, 10  and is reflected at (14,0) on x axis. Then
49. The equation x  2 y  3 represents the side the equation of the reflected ray
1) x+y=14 2) x-y=14
BC of ABC ; where co-ordinates of A aree
3) 2y=x-14 4) 3y=x-14
1, 2 . If the x-coordinate of the orthocentre 58. Let P(1,1) and Q(3,2) be given points. The
point R on the x-axis such that PR+RQ is
of ABC is 3 then the
minimum is
y-coordinates of the orthocentre is :
 5   3 
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10 1)  ,0 
 3 
2)  2, 0  3)  3, 0  4) 
 2
,0 

50. The vertices A,B of a triangle are
Miscellaneous problems:
(2, 5), (4, -11). If C moves on the line
L  9x+7y+4=0, then the locus of centroid 59. The vertices of triangle are
of triangle ABC is parallel to A(m, n), B (12,19) and C (23, 20), where m
1) AB 2) AC 3) BC 4) L and n are integer. If its area is 70 and the
51. Two sides of a triangle are y = m1 x and slope of the median through A is –5, then
y = m2x; m1, m2 are the roots of the equation m+n is
x 2 + ax –1 = 0. For all values of ‘a’ the
1) 47 2) 27 3) 107 4) 43
orthocentre of the triangle lies at
60. Number of circles touching the lines
3 3 3x+4y–1=0, 4x–5y+2=0 and 6x+8y+3=0 is
1) (1, 1) 2) (2, 2) 3)  ,  4) (0,0)
2 2 1)0 2) 2 3)4
4) infinite
Angular bisectors : 61. The pont on the line 3 x  4 y  5 which is
52. Equation of the line equidistant from the equidistance from (1,2) and ( 3,4) is
lines 2x+y+4=0, 3x+6y-5=0 is (EAM 2009)
1) 3x-3y+17=0 2) 5x+7y-5=0
1 8  5
3) 3x-3y+19=0 4) 9x-9y+17=0 1)  7, 4  2) 15, 10  3)  ,  4)  0, 
53. Find the equation of the bisector of the angle 7 7  4
between the lines x+2y–11=0, 3x–6y–5=0 62. The number of points p(x,y) with natural
which contains the point (1,–3). numbers as coordinates that lie inside the
quadrilateral formed by the lines
1) 2 x  19  0 2) 2 x  19  0
2 x  y  2, x  0, y  0 and x  y  5 is
3) 3x  19  0 4) 3x  19  0
(EAM- 2011)
54. The line 3x-3y+17=0 bisects the angle
1) 12 2) 10 3) 6 4) 4
between a pair of lines of which one line is
63. A point moves in the xy plane such that the
2x+y+4=0, then the equation to the other
sum of its distance from two mutually
line is perpendicular lines is always equal to 5
1) 3x+6y-5=0 2) 3x+6y-7=0 units.The area ( in square units) enclosed
3) 7x+14y=0 4) 4x-y+3=0 by the locus of the point (EAM- 2012)
55. The equation of a straight line passing
25
through the point (4,5) and equally inclined 1) 2) 25 3) 50 4) 100
to the lines 3x=4y+7 and 5y=12x+6 is 4
1) 9x-7y=1 2) 9x+7y=1 LEVEL-II (H.W)- KEY
3) 7x-9y=1 4) 7x-9 y=17 1) 4 2) 4 3) 1 4)1 5) 2
56. If 2x+y-4=0 is bisector of the angle between 6) 1 7) 4 8) 4 9) 4 10) 1
the lines a(x–1)+b(y–2)=0, c(x–1)+d(y–2)=0,
11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1 15) 2
then the other bisector is
16) 2 17) 3 18) 3 19) 1 20) 3
1. x – 2y + 1 = 0 2. x – 2y – 3 = 0
21)1 22)1 23) 1 24) 1 25) 3
3. x – 2y + 3 = 0 4. x - 2y – 5 = 0
89
26) 4 27) 2 28) 1 29)2 30) 1 16. Centre lies on a line parallel to given lines and
31) 2 32) 1 33) 1 34) 3 35) 3 mid way between them
36) 3 37) 4 38) 1 39) 3 40) 2
ax1  by1  c 1
41) 2 42) 2 43) 3 44) 2 45) 2 17. where tan  
46) 3 47) 1 48) 4 49) 2 50) 4 a cos   b sin  2
51) 4 52) 1 53) 3 54) 1 55) 1 18. verification
56) 3 57) 3 58) 1 59) 3 60) 2 19. verification
61) 2 62) 3 63) 3 20. From the figure
LEVEL-II (H.W)-HINTS 1  a  1 i.e. | a | 1.
3 2  k Y
1. tan 
4 1 k
2. Slope of the parllel lines are equal B
3. A  6, 0  B  0, 4  perpendicular bisector of C
O X
A
3
AB is y  2   x  3 D
2
4. Equation of the line is y  t1  t2   2at1  t1  t2 
21. since L0  0 we have LA  0
= 2 x  2at12
22. From figure 0 < ordinate of P<1
5. by solving AB,BD we get B(-5/3, 4/3) 23. Point (2t+1,3t+2) lies on x+y=8
by solving AD,BD we get D(2/3, -7/3) 24. Lines can be written
mid point of B.D lies on AC
6. a  8, b  6 4 3 1
x  y    1  y  0 ,  4x  3y   1  y  0
7. sum of the intercepts of the line 2x+3y+k=0 b b b
is 15.
 3 
k k  Lines are concurrent at   4 ,1 
  15  
2 3
 3
a b  Required line is y  1  1 x  4 
8.  ,   1, 2   
2 2
nx my 25. Given equation is a 2 x  b 2  y  1  0
9.   mn
x1 y1 26. Point of intersection of u & v
10. The line makes an angle  with x-axis then its 1 2 9
perpendicular makes an angle     900 3 5 5  0
27.
11. Point (–2,1) slope = 3 a b 1
OP 9 / 20 9 3 28. The point 1, 2  lies on L1   L2  0

12.      3:4
OQ 6 / 5 12 4
13. Put   0 then given equation of line is x=0 a(4  3  4)  b(2  6  3)
29. P  10
(2a  b) 2  (a  2b) 2
c1  c2
14.  c1  c2 25 (a + b)2 = 10 (5a2 + 5b2)
1  m2
25 (a - b)2 = 0
15. multiply first equation by 3 and second
equation by 2 a=b
90
asame line.
m  m2
30. tan   1 48. Use formula given in synopsis
1  m1m2
49. AD  BC
a1a2  b1b2
cos     2  1
31.    1
a  b12 a22  b22
2
1  3  1   2 
m  tan  or 2    4
32. apply
1  m tan    6    6 .
m1  m m2  m 50. Choose C   ,  
33. Apply 1  m m   1  m m
1 2
 6  6
G  x1 , y 1    , 
34. Origin will lie in obtuse angle if cc  aa   bb   0  3 3 
   3 x1  6 ,   3 y 1  6
   2  3  3  0    2  9   0
Substance  ,   lies on L=0
 9
 9  2  02    0,  51. given triangle is right angled at origin
 2
52. Angular bisector
c2 53. Using formula given in synopsis
35. 
2 ab 54. Verify angular bisector formula
36. Area of an equilateral triangle is 55.  x1 , y1    4,5
9 7
h2 Slope of angle of bisector are ,
where h is the height of the triangle 7 9
3 56. required bisector is perpendicular to given and
37. Equation of the line is xcos300+ysin300 =P passes through (1,2)
38. A  2,3 B  2,3 C  2  3 D  2, 3 57. Write the image of  8,3 in X-axis and write
39. The area of the parallelogram formed by the lines
the equation through that point and 14,0 
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2 y + d1=0, a1x + b1y
+ c 2 = 0, a 2 x + b 2 y + d 2 = 0 is 58. Image of P in x-axis is P1  1, 1 , R is
 c1  c2  d1  d 2  intersection of x-axis and line QP1
Sq.units.
a1b 2  a 2 b1 59. Area  70  m  11n  337
40. The perpendicular distance from orign lines are median slope  5  5m  n  107
a,b. Then area = ab 60. Two lines are parallel
41. From the diagram required area 61. Required point p  x1 , y1  lies on given line
 4  area of    2 then 3 x1  4 y1  5 and
PA=PB  x1  y1  5
42. Use foot of the perpendicular formula
62. Draw the diagram and observe the points
1  1,1 , 1, 2  ,  2,1 ,  2, 2  , 1,3 and  3,1 are
43. Midpoint of intercepts is  ,1 
3  inside of quadrilateral.
44. Image of P(3,5) w. r to the line
63. From given data x  y  5 hence required
y = x is Q(5,3)
45. B,C are images of A w.r.to given lines 2  5
2
46. Centroid  OPQ area   50

11
47. circumcentre,centroid and orthocentre lies on
91
LEVEL-III y  3 x  k is
1) 5 / 2 2) 5 / 2  k 3) 10 4) 5
1. The line 3x-2y = 24 meets x-axis at A and
7. One of the diagonals of a square is the
y-axis at B. The perpendicular bisector of
x y
AB meets the line through (0, -1) and portion of the line   2 intercepted
2 3
parallel to x-axis at C. Then C is between the axes. Then the extremities
 7   15  of the other diagonal are
1)  , 1 2)  , 1 1)  5,5 ,  1,1 2)  0, 0  ,  4, 6 
 2   2 
3)  0, 0  ,  1,1 4)  5,5 ,  4, 6 
 11   13 
3)  2 ,  1  4)  2 ,  1  8. If the line y  3 x cuts the curve
   
2. A square of side " a " lies above the x-axis x 3  y 3  3xy  5 x 2  3 y 2  4 x  5 y  1  0
at the points A,B,C then OA.OB.OC is
and has one vertex at the origin. The side
4
passing through the origin makes an angle 1)
13

3 3 1 
2) 3 3  1
 2
 where 0    with the positive 7
4 3) 4) 3 3  1
3
direction of x - axis. The equation of its
9. Each side of a square is of length 4. The
diagonal not passing through the origin is centre of the square is (3, 7) and one of its
1) y  cos   sin    x(cos   sin  )  a diagonals is parallel to y=x. Then
co-ordinates of its vertices are
2) y  cos   sin    x(sin   cos  )  a 1) (1,5), (1,9), (5,9), (5,5)
3) y  cos   sin    x(sin   cos  )  a 2) (2,5), (2,7), (4,7), (4,4)
3) (2,5), (2,6), (3,5), (3,6)
4) y  cos   sin    x(cos   sin  )  a 4) (5,2), (6,2), (5,3), (6,3)
3. A particle is moving in a straight line and at 10. If the line y  3 x  3  0 cuts the curve
some moment it occupied the positions (5,2)
and (-1,-2). Then the position of the particle y 2  x  2 at A and B and point on the
when it is on x-axis is
1) (-2, 0) 2) (0, 2) 3) (2, 0) 4) (4, 0) line P is  
3, 0 then P A .P B 
4. If PS is the median of the triangle with ver-

tices P(2,2), Q(6,-1) and R(7,3) then the 1)
4  32  2)
4 2 3 
equation of the line passing through (1,-1) 3 3
and parallel to PS (AIEEE 2014) 4 3 2  32 
3) 4)
1) 4x-7y-11=0 2) 2x+9y+7=0 2 3
3) 4x+7y+3=0 4) 2x-9y-11=0 11. Points A and B are in the first quadrant;
5. The Point P(2 , 1 ) is shifted by 3 2 parallel point ' O ' is the origin. If the slope of OA is
to the line x  y  1 , in the direction of 1, slope of OB is 7 and OA  OB , then the
increasing ordinate, to reach Q. The image slope of AB is
of Q by the line x  y  1 is 1 1 1 1
1)  2)  3)  4) 
5 4 3 2
1)  5, 2  2)  1, 4  3)  3, 4  4)  3, 2  12. The line joining the points A(3,0) and B(5,2)
6. Distance of origin from line is rotated about A in the anticlockwise
direction through an angle of 150 . If B goes
1  3  y  1  3  x  10 along the line to C in the new position now the line joining
A and C is rotated about A in the
92
anticlockwise direction through an angle of 3 : 2, then k equals [AIEEE - 2012]

450 of C goes to D in the new position, then 29 11
the coordinates of D are 1) 2) 5 3) 6 4)
5 5

1) 4  3, 3  1  
2) 4  3, 3  1  18. If the point P  a 2 , a  lies in the region
3)  4  3, 3  1 4)  4  3, 3  1 corresponding to the acute angle between
the lines 2 y  x and 4 y  x , then
13. The equation of the line passing through
(1,2) and having a distance equal to 7 units 1) a   2, 4 2) a  (2, 4]
from the point (8,9) is
3) a   2,5 4) a   2, 4 
1) y  3 x  1 2) y  2
19. The set of values of ‘b’ for which the
3) x  1 4) x  y  3
14. Find the values of non-negative real origin and the point (1,1) lie on the same
numbers h1 , h2 , h3 , k1 , k2 , k3 such that the side of the straight line
algebraic sum of the perpendiculars drawn a 2 x  aby  1  0,  a  R, b  0 are
from points  2, k1  ,  3, k2  ,  7, k3  ,  h1,4 , 1) b   2, 4  2) b   0, 2 
 h2 ,5 ,  h3 , 3 on a variable line passing 3) b  [0, 2] 4) b  [0, 3]
20. The equations of sides of a triangle are
through  2,1 is zero.
7x–5y–11=0, 8x+3y+31=0, x+8y–19=0.
1) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  0
Then the point (0,0) lies
2) h1  h2  h3  k1  k 2  k3  1
1) inside of triangle 2) outside of triangle
3) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  2
3) on the triangle 4) can’t say
4) h1  h2  h3  k1  k2  k3  4
21. If the points of intersection of lines
15. Three lines x  2 y  3  0 ; x  2 y  7  0
L1 : y  m1 x  k  0 and
and 2 x  y  4  0 form the three sides of
two squares. The equation to the fourth L2 : y  m2 x  k  0  m1  m2  lies inside
side of each square is the triangle formed by the lines
1) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0 2 x  3 y  1, x  2 y  3 and 5 x  6 y  1  0 ,
2) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0
then true set of values of k are
3) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0
 1 3
  1   3  3 
4) 2 x  y  14  0 and 2 x  y  6  0 1)  3 , 2  2)  2 ,1  3)  0,  4)  , 0 
     2  2 
x y
16. The line L given by   1 passes through 22. The range of value of  such that  0,  lies
5 b
on or inside the triangle formed by the
the point 13,32  . The line K is parallel to
lines y + 3x + 2 = 0, 3y –2x–5 = 0,
x y 4y +x –14 = 0 is
L and has the equation c  3  1 . Then the
1
distance between L and K is 1) 5    7 2)    1
2
.
[AIEEE-2010]
5 7 1 1
17 23 23 3)    4)   
1) 17 2) 3) 4) 3 2 3 2
15 17 15
23. The lines x  y  a , and ax  y  1 inter--
17. If the line 2x  y  k passes through the
point which divides the line segment join-
ing the points (1, 1) and (2, 4) in the ratio
93
sect each other in the first quadrant then 31. One vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,3)
and the equation of one side is x-y+5=0 then
the set of all possible values of a is the in-
the equations to the other sides are
terval [ AIEEE-2011]
1) 0, 2) 1, 3) 1,  4) 1,1 
1) y-3 =  2  3 (x-2) 
24. Let a , b ,c and d be non zero numbers . If 2) y-3 =  
2  1 (x-2)
the point of intersection of the lines 3) y-3 =  3  1 (x-2)
4ax  2ay  c  0 and 5bx  2by  d  0 lies
4) y-3 =  5  1 (x-2)
in the fourth quadrant and is equidistance
32. Let P (2, -4) and Q (3, 1) be two given points.
from the two axes then (MAINS 2014)
Let R (x, y) be a point such that ( x-2) (x-3)
1) 2bc  3ad  0 2) 2bc  3ad  0 13
3) 3bc  2ad  0 4) 3bc  2ad  0 + (y-1) (y+4) = 0. If area of PQR is ,
2
25. If the lines x+ay+a=0, bx+y+b=0, then the number of possible positions of R
cx+cy+1=0 (a, b, c being distinct and  1) are
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 6
are concurrent then the value of
33. If the base of an isosceles triangle is of
a b c
  = length 2P and the length of the altitude
a 1 b 1 c 1
dropped to the base is q, then the distance
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 3
from the mid point of the base to the side
26. If 4a  9b  c  12ab  0 then the
2 2 2
of the triangle is
family of straight lines ax  by  c  0 is
pq 2 pq
concurrent at 1) 2)
1) (2,3) or (-2,-3) 2) (2,-3) or (-2,6)
2
p q 2
p2  q2
3)(-2,-4) or (-2,3) 4) (2,5) or (-1,-5)
3 pq 4 pq
27. If a2 – b2 – c2 – 2bc =0, then the family of 3) 2 2 4)
lines ax + by + c =0 are concurrent at the p q p2  q2
points 34. If m1 and m2 are the roots of the equation
1) (1, –1) 2) (–1, 1) 3)(1, 0) 4)(–1, –1) x 2  ax  a  1  0 , then the area of the
28. If t1  t2  t3 and the lines t1x+y=2at1+at31; triangle formed by the three straight lines
t2x + y = 2at2 + at23; t3x + y= 2at3 + at33 are y  m1 x, y  m2 x and y  a  a  1 is
concurrent then t1 + t2 + t3 is
1. 0 2. -1 3.1 4. 2 a 2  a  2 
1) if a  1
29. Consider the family of lines 2  a  1
 x  y  1    2 x  3 y  5  0 and a 2  a  2
2) if a  1
 3x  2 y  4     x  2 y  6   0 , 2  a  1
equation of a straight line that belongs to a 2  a  2 
both the families is 3) if  2  a  1
2  a  1
1) x  2 y  8  0 2) x  2 y  8  0
3) 2 x  y  8  0 4) 2 x  y  8  0 a2  a  2
4) if a  2
30. If a,b and c are three consecutive odd 2  a  1
integers then the variable line ax+by+c=0 35. The equation of a straight line L is x+y=2,
always passes through and L1 is another straight line perpendicular
1) (2 1) 2) (1 2) 3) (-1 2) 4) (1 -2) to L and passes through the piont (1/2, 0),
94
then area of the triangle formed by the y- by the equation (2cos  + 3 sin  )x +
axis and the lines L, L1 is (3cos  - 5sin  ) y - (5cos  - 2sin  ) = 0
passes through a fixed point then the
25 25 25 25
1) 2) 3) 4) reflection of that point with respect to the
8 16 4 12
line x+y = 2 is
36. In an isosceles triangle OAB, O is the origin
and OA = OB = 6. The equation of the side 1)  2  1, 2  1  2)  2  1, 2 1 
AB is x-y+1=0. Then the area of the triangle
is 3)  3  1, 3  1 4)  3  1, 3  1
44. The conbined equation of straight lines
14271
1) 2 21 2) 142 3) 4) that can be obtained by reflecting the
2 2
37. An equilateral triangle is constructed lines y  x  2 in the y-axis is
between two parallel lines 3x  y  6  0 1) y 2  x 2  4 x  4  0
and 3 x  y  9  0 with base on one and
vertex on the other. Then the area of tri- 2) y 2  x 2  4 x  4  0
angle is
3) y 2  x 2  4 x  4  0
200 225 225 200
1) 2) 3) 4) 4) y 2  x 2  4 x  4  0
3 4 3 3 4 3
38. Area of triangle formed by the lines 
2x + y – 3 = 0, x + 4y – 5 = 0 and 45. In ABC, B=(0, 0), AB=2, ABC  and
3
3x + 5y – 1 = 0 is
the middle point of BC has the co-ordinates
1) 15/2 2) 49/2 3) 27/56 4) 7/2
(2, 0). Then the centroid of triangle is
39. If f ( x  y )  f ( x ) f ( y ) for all x and y if
5 1 5 1 
f (1)  2, then area enclosed 1)  ,  2)  3 , 
3 3  3
by 3 | x | 2 | y | 8 is
 5 1  5 1 
1) f (5) sq.units 2) f (6) sq.units 3)  ,  4)  , 
 3 3  3 3
3) 1/ 3 f (6) sq.units 4) f (4) sq.units
46. In triangle ABC, co-ordinates of A are
40. Four sides of a quadrilateral are given by
the equation xy  x  2  y  3  0 , then  1,3 and equation of medians and
the equation of the line parallel to altitude through point B are 2 x  y  8
x  4 y  0 that divides the quadrilateral and 2 x  3 y  8 respectively, then
into two equal parts is
1) coordinates of C are (4,0)
1) x  4 y  5  0 2) x  4 y  5  0
3) x  4 y  1  0 4) x  4 y  1  0 2) coordinates of C are (3,9)
41. L1 and L2 are two intersecting lines and the 3) coordinates of C are (3,3)
angle between the image of L1 w.r.t L2 and 4) coordinates of centroid are (2,2)
that of L 2 w.r.t.L 1 is 45 o. Then the angle
47. The sides of a triangle are x+y=1, 7y = x
between L1 and L2 is
1) 20o 2) 15o 3) 45o 4) 60o and 3 y + x = 0. Then the following is an
42. L1 and L2 are two intersecting lines. If the interior point of the traingle
image of L 1 w.r.t. L 2 and that of L 2 1) Circumcentre 2) Centroid
w.r.t.L1concide, then the angle between L1
3) Orthocentre 4) Cannot say
and L2 is
1) 35o 2) 60o 3) 90o 4) 45o 48. If the equations of the sides of a trinagle are
43. For all values of  all the lines represented 2x + y = 2, y = x, 3 y  x  0 then which of
the following is an exterior point of triangle.
95
1) orthocentre 2) incentre 54. Origin is the centre of the square with one
3) centroid 4) Cannot say of its vertices at (3,4) then the other vertices
are
49. One vertex of the equilateral triangle with
1) (-3, 4), (-3, -4), (3, -4)
centroid at the origin and one side as 2) (-4, 3), (-3, -4), (4, -3)
x+y-2=0 is 3) (-4, 3), (-4, -3), (3, -4)
1) 2, 2 2) 2, 2 3) 2, 2 4) 2, 2 4) (3, 4), (-4, -3), (4, -3)
55. One side of a rectangle lies along the line
50. A ray of light is sent along the line
4x+7y+5=0. Two vertices are (-3,1), (1,1)
x–2y–3=0. On reaching the line then the remaining vertices are
3x–2y–5=0, the ray is reflected from it.  1 47   131 , 177 
The equation of the line containing the 1)  ,  , 
 65 65   65 65 
the reflected ray.
 1 47   131 , 177 
1) 29 x  2 y  31  0 2) 29 x  2 y  31  0 2)  ,   
 65 65   65 65 
3) 29 x  2 y  31  0 4) 29 x  2 y  31  0
 1 47  131 , 177 
51. A light ray coming along the line 3)  ,  
 65 65  65 65 
3 x  4 y  5 gets reflected from the line 4) (1, -47), (131, 47)
ax  by  1 and goes along the line
56. All points lying inside the triangle formed
5 x  2 y  10 . Then,
by the points (1,3), (5,0), (-1,2) satisfy
64 112 14 8
1) a  , b 2) a  , b  1) 2x + y – 13 = 0 2) 3x + 2y  0
115 15 15 115
64 8 64 14 3) 3x – 4y – 12  0 4) 4x + y = 0
3) a  , b 4) a  , b 
115 115 15 15
57. If one vertex of an equilateral triangle of side
52. If x1 , y1 are roots of x2  8x  20  0, x2 , y2
a lies at the origin and the other lies on the
are the roots of 4 x 2  32 x  57  0 and
line x  3y  0 , the coordinates of the
x3 , y3 are the roots of
third vertex are
9 x 2  72 x  112  0, then the points
1) (0, –a) 2) (a, 0)
 x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3  where xi  yi
 a 3 a   a 3 a 
 ,   ,  
3)  4) 
for i =1,2,3
1) are collinear  2 2   2 2 
2) form an equilateral triangle 58. let AB be a line segment of length 4 units
3) form a right angled isosceles triangle with the point A on the line y=2x and B on
4) are concyclic the line y=x. Then the locus of middle point
of all such line segment is
53. Triangle is formed by the coordinates (0,
1) a parabola 2) an ellipse
0), 3) a hyperbola 4) a circle
(0, 21) and (21, 0). The number of integral LEVEL-III - KEY
coordinates strictly inside triangle (integral
1) 1 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 4
coordinates has both x and y as integers) :
6) 4 7) 1 8) 1 9) 1 10) 3
1) 190 2) 105 3) 231 4) 205 11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1 15) 4
96
16) 3 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 1

x2 y3
21) 1 22) 3 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3  r
3 2
26) 1 27) 2 28) 1 29) 2 30) 4
31) 1 32) 1 33) 1 34) 3 35) 2 13 13
36) 4 37) 2 38) 4 39) 3 40) 1 For the extremities of the diagonal,
41) 2 42) 2 43) 2 44) 4 45) 2
r   13 . Hence
46) 2 47) 2 48) 1 49) 1 50) 3
51) 3 52) 1 53) 1 54) 2 55) 1 x  2  3, y  3  2
56) 2 57) 4 58) 2 x  5, 1 and y  5,1
LEVEL-III - HINTS Therefore, the extremities of the diagonal are
1. perpendicular bisector of AB is (5,5) and (-1,1).
2 x  3 y  10  0............. 1 8.  y  3 x  x tan 600
y  1.............  2  ,Solve the equations x0 y0
 0
 r
cos 60 sin 600
Y
r r 3
B   x, y    , 
2 2 
lies on
x3  y 3  3 xy  5 x 2  3 y 2  4 x  5 y  1  0
2.
 r 3 3 3r 3 3 3r 2 5r 2 9r 2 5 3r
      2r  1  0
4 8 8 4 4 4 2
X  3 3 1 3 14  3 3  2  4  5 3 
O   r    r    r 1  0
 8   4   2 
1
   OA.OB.OC  r1r2 r3 
Slope of BC tan      3 3 1 
4   
 8 
 
Slope of CA  cot     9. Use  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin  
 4  0 0
Equation of CA r  2 2 And   45 ,135
  r 3r 
 y  a sin     cot  
    x  a cos   10. Let PA  r , then A   3  , .
2 2 
4  
3. equation of line through given points is 2x-3y- 11. tan   7
4=0 when cuts x-axis at (2,0) OA  OB  r
4. S=midpoint of Q,R = (13/2,1) 7 1
slope of PS = -2/9 sin   , cos  
5 2 5 2
5.  x1  r cos  , y1  r sin    (  1, 4)
r  3 2,   3  
6. The slope of the line is 3
Find the equation of the line passing through
origin.Then find point of intersection
7. The equation of the other diagonal is
97
 h1  0, h2  0, h3  0
Y ( as h1 , h2 , h3 are non-negative )
 r 7r  similarly, we get
B , 
 2 2 k1  k 2  k3  4  5  3
1 
 r 7r  6
A ,  k1  k2  k3  0
 5 2 5 2 
15. Hence line is 2 x  y    0
450
X  4 10
O now 
5 5
Now, mAB  1/ 2   4  10
  6 or   14   B 
12. Slope of AB  1
16. Substitute the given point. Find 'b' and equate
r  AB  2 2 ,   1050 the slopes to find 'c' and apply distance between
parallel lines.
 
D   x1  r cos , y1  r sin    4  3, 3 1
17. Find ratio point and substitute in the line.
D x
y
C 2
B(5, 2) x
y
18. P a2 , a 4
0
450 15
450
O A(3, 0) But a 2  0 , hence point P  a 2 , a  lies in first
quadrant.
 a2   a2 
We have a     0 and a   0
13. Distance from (8,9) to line y  2  m( x  1) is  4  2
7 m0 (  1, 0  and P lies on same side of x  2 y  0
14. Let the eqution of variable line be
and 1, 0  and P lies opposite sides of x 4y  0 )
ax  by  c  0 , it is given that
6  0  a and a   , 0    2,  
axi  byi  c
 0  a   2, 4 
i 1 a 2  b2 19. D  0  b 2  4  0  2  b  2 but b  0
 xi   yi   0b2
 a 6   b 6   c  0
    ie., b   0, 2 
xi yi 20. Draw the diagram
So, the fixed point must be , . But
6 6 21. Clearly point of intersection of L1 and L2 , is
fixed point is  2,1 so (0,k) which lies on y - axis.
 2  3  7  h1  h2  h3  / 6  2 22.
 h1  h2  h3  0
98
m 1
Y tan 600  ;
4 y  x  14  0 1  m m  2  3
 7 32. PQR is right angle triangle
 0, 
 2 radius = altitude
33. Consider B   p,0  C  p,0  A  0, q 
y  3x  2  0  5
 0,  3y-2x-5=C
 3 34. Since m1 , m2 are the roots of the
O (0,0)
X x 2  ax  a  1  0, so
 5  2  (0, -2)
  , 0   , 0  m1  m2  a; m1m2    a  1
 2  3 
2 2
  m1  m2    m1  m2   4 m1m2
5 7
from the figure, it is clear that
3 2  a 2  4  a  1   a  2 
2
 1  a a a 1 
23. Point of intersection =  ,  so the required area is
 1 a a 1 
2
since x>0, y>0 we have a+1>0 and a a  1
  
a a  2 
as a  0 , a a  1 we get a>0 thus a 2  1 2 a  1
or a  1
since area is positive quantity, so we get two
24. Point  k , k  satisfies both lines then
answers
c d 35. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines
c  2ak , d  3bk  
2a 3b x  y  2 , 2x  2 y  1 , x  0
1 a a 36. Let D is the mid point of AB
b 1 b 0 1
25. 71
OD  , AD  ,
c c 1 2 2 AB  2 AD
Use det properties
2 p2
26.  2a  3b   c 2  0 37. required area  where p is distance
3
27. 2
a – (b + c) = 0 2
between parallel lines
(a – b – c) (a + b + c) = 0
2
Either a – b – c = 0 or a + b + c = 0 38. Area of  = le where  is
2123
 –a + b + c = 0
 Family of lines passing through (–1, 1) determinent of 3 lines
and (1, 1). Y
3
28. t1 , t2 , t3 roots of y  xt  2at  at B(0, 4)
29. The family of lines
 x  y  1    2 x  3 y  5  0 passes C A
39. X
through a point such that  8  8 
  ,0  ,0
x  y 1  0 , 2x  3y  5  0  3  3 
D(0, 4)
30. a,b,c are in A.P
31. Let slope of another side is m Enclosed Area ABCD= 4 Area AOB
99
1 8 64  k 0
 4   4 
2 3 3
sq.units. and    1  1
 h0
 f  n   2n gives     1 and h=k=-2
Hence A(-2,-2)
1
required area  f  6 1 2
3 50. m1  , m  , m2 is slope of reflected line
2
2 3
1 1
40.   x  k  dx   6  . m1  m m  m2
40 2 use 1  mm  1  mm
1 2
41. From diagram 3  450    150
51. ax  by  1 will be one of the bisectors of the
42. from diagram 3  1800    600
given line. Equation of bisectors of the given lines
43. Intersecting 2 x  3 y  5  0 and are
3 x  5 y  2  0 is (1,1) 3x  4 y  5  5 x  12 y  10 
  
Find the image of (1,1) w.r.to x  y  2 5  13 
44. If we reflect y  x  2 in y-axis, it will  64 x  8 y  115 or 14 x  112 y  15
becomes y   x  2  x  2 . The reflected 64 8

 a , b or
115 115
lines are y  x  2, y   x  2 . Their com-
14 12
bined equation is a , b
15 115
 y  x  2  y  x  2   0
2 19 3
 y2  x  2  0 52. x1  10, y1  2 & x2  , y1 
2 2
 y2  x2  4x  4  0 28 4
x3  , y3 
45. using symmetric form we get A  1, 3 , G  53.
3 3
Equation of AB is x + y = 21
devides AD in the ratio 2:1 Number of integral solutions of x + y < 21
46. AC : 3 x  2 y  k is 20C2
3  6  k , 3 x  2 y  9 54. Verification
55. Verification
M : 1, 6  ,C 3,9 G  2, 4  56. verification
47. Triangle is accute angled 57. Clearly Q, R are the two positions of the third
48. Triangle is obtuse angled vertex.
49. Let A(h,k) , D  ,   be the point on BC P(acos 30º, asin 30º), Q(0, a), R(a cos 30º, –a sin 30º)
Then  3a a   3a a 
 ,  , Q(0, a) R  
i.e. P  ,
 2 2   2 2 
 2  h 2  k 
 ,    0, 0  &     2  0,
 3 3 
100
Y +  a3 x  b3 y  c3  = 0, then the lines

Q(0, a)
a1x  b1 y  c1  0 ,
x  3y
a a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 , a3 x  b3 y  c3  0
a a cos 300 , a sin 300
can not be parallel
300 X (R): If sum of three straight lines is
O
identically 0 then they are either
concurrent or parallel
R 1) A and R are true and R is the correct
explaination of A
58. Let B   ,   and middle point AB is  h, k  2) A and R are true and R not is the correct
explaination of A
Then, A   2h   , 2k    3) A is true R is False
4) A is False R is True
2. A:  3, 2  is lies above the line x  y  1  0
Y
R: If the point P  x1 , y1  lies above the line
L  x1 , y1 
L  ax  by  c then 0
4 b
B 1) A and R are true and R is the correct
explaination of A
X 2) A and R are true and R not is the correct
O
explaination of A
3) A is true R is False
lies on y  2 x then   4h  2k ..... 1 4) A is False R is True
3. Assertion (A): If the angle between the lines
AB  4 kx-y+6 = 0, 3x+5y+7 = 0 is  / 4 one value
2 2 of k is -4
  h   4h  2k    k   4h  2k    4 Reason (R): If  is angle between the lines
2 2
  3h  2 k    4h  3k   4 m1  m2
with slopes m1 , m2 then tan   .
1  m1m2
or 25h 2  13k 2  36hk  4
1) A and R are true and R is the correct
Required locus is 25 x 2  13 y 2  36 xy  4  0 explaination of A
2) A and R are true and R not is the correct
Here, h 2  ab and   0 explaination of A
3) A is true R is False 4) A is False R is True
 ellipse
4. I : Every first degree equation in x and y is
LEVEL-IV
ax+by+c=0, a  b  0 represent a straight
1. (A) : If  a1 x  b1 y  c1    a2 x  b2 y  c2 
101
perpendicular through (4,1) devides the line
line joining (2,-1), (6,5) is 5:8
Which of the above statement (s) is/are true
II : Every first degree equation in x and y
1) Only I 2) Only II
can be convert into slope intecept form
3) Both I and II4) Neither I nor II
Then which of the following is true 9. The lines L1 : y  x  0 and L2 : 2 x  y  0
1) Only I 2) only II intersect the line L3 : y  2  0 at P and Q
3) both I & II 4) neither I nor II respectively. The bisector of the accute
5. I : Length of the perpendicular from (x1,y1) angle between L1 and L2 intersect L3 at R
a x1  b y 1  c
to the line ax+by+c=0 is Statement - 1 : The ratio PR : RQ equals
a2  b2
II : The equation of the line passing 2 2: 5.
Statement - 2 : In any triangle, bisector of
through(0,0) and perpendicular to an angle divides the triangle into two similar
ax+by+c=0 is bx-ay=0 triangles. [AIEEE - 2011]
Then which of the following is true. (1) Statement – 1 is true, Statement – 2 is
true; Statement – 2 is not a correct explana-
1) onlyI 2)only II
tion for Statement – 1
3) both I & II 4) neither I nor II (2) Statement – 1 is true, Statement– 2 is
6. I : The ratio in which L  ax+by+c=0 false.
divides the line segment joining A(x1,y1) (3) Statement – 1 is false, Statement– 2 is
L11 true.
B(x2,y2) is L
22 (4) Statement – 1 is true, Statement – 2 is
II: the equation of the line in which (x1,y1) true; Statement – 2 is a correct explanation
divides the line segment between the for Statement – 1
coordinate axes in the ratio m:n is 10. Observe the following list with respect to
nx my the line ax+by+c=0
  mn
x1 y1 List I List II
Then which of the following is true
A)Perpendicular distance from (0,0) 1) c b
1) only I 2) only II
3) both I&II 4) neither I nor II  c c 
B) X-intercept of the line 2)  , 
7. I:A straight line is such that the algebraic a b
sum of the distance from any no. of fixed |c|
C) Y-intercept of the line 3) | a2  b2 |
points is zero. Then that line always passes
through a fixed point  c  c 
D) Circumcentre of triangle OAB 4)  , 
II: The base of the triangle lie along the  2 a 2b 
line x=a and is of length a. If the area of where A,B are X and Y intercepts 5) c a
the triangle is a2 then the third vertex lies
Then the correct answer is
on x=-a or x=3a. A B C D A B C D
Then which of the following is true. 1) 3 5 1 2 2) 3 5 1 4
1) only I 2) only II 3) 3 4 1 5 4) 1 2 3 4
11. observe the following
3) both I & II 4) neither I nor II
column I column II
8. Statement I: Normal form of line A) the area bounded by the P) 3
 
x  y  2 is x cos  y sin  1 curve max  x , y   1 is
4 4
Statement II: The ratio in which the B) if the point (a,a) lies between Q) 2
102
the lines x  y  3 then number Equation of angular bisector OR is
of values of  a    
52 2 x  5 2 y 
is (where [.] denotes the  PR : RQ  2 2 : 5
greatesr integer function)
C) Number of integral values R) 4 10. A) the perpendicular distance from  0, 0  to
of b for which the origin and
the point(1,1) lie on the same c
side of the st.line ax  by  c  0 is
a  b2
2
a x  aby  1  0 for all a  R  0

2
c
1) A  R, B  Q, C  P B) X-Intercept
a
2) A  R, B  P, C  Q
3) A  P, B  Q, C  R c
C) Y-intercept
b
4) A  P, B  R, C  Q
D) In right angle triangle circumcenter is mid
12. Equation of line passing through (1,3),
perpendicular to 2x-3y+4 = 0 is ax+by+c = point of hypotenuse is
0 (a>0) then ascending order of a, b, c is 11. (A)  max  x , y   1
1) a, c, b 2) c, b, a
If x  1 and if y  1 ,
3) c, a, b 4) a, b, c
LEVEL-IV - KEY then x  1 and y  1
1) 4 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3  Required area  2  2
6) 3 7) 3 8) 3 9) 2 10) 2 (B) the line y  x cuts the lines x  y  3 ie,
11) 1 12) 2
LEVEL-IV - HINTS
at or and
1. Given lines may be parallel.
then ,
2. R is the correct explaination of A.
3. Using angle formula between the lines
4. Standard result (C) since (0, 0) and (1, 1) lie on the same side.
5. Standerd result So,
6. Standerd result Coefficient of is >0
7. I: Consider the points
 x1, y1  x2 , y2 .......... xn , yn 
Alegebric sum of the perpendicular distance = or
a  x1  x2 ...........  xn   b  y1  y2 .........  yn   nc
to Number of values of is 3.
a 2  b2
12. Line equation is 3x+2y-9 = 0.
II : Consider the points on the line x = a
are A(a,0) B(a,a) ****
P(x,y) area of the triangle = a 2
8. I) normal form line x cos   y sin   p
II)  L11 : L22
9. P  2, 2  , Q 1, 2 
103

XI - Maths - Chapter 10 - STRAIGHTLINES

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XI - Maths - Chapter 10 - STRAIGHTLINES

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JEE MAINS - VOL - V STRAIGHT LINES

slope =-a/b , W.E-6: Normal form of the equation x+y+1=0 is

a  x  x1   b  y  y1   0 equations of a straight line :

b) The normal form of a line ax  by  c  0 is Ax1, y1  

x  x1 y  y1 vi) Equiation of the line parallel to ax+by+c=0

does not lie between them according as Proof :

Putting x = x1 in the equation ax + by + c = 0 BD CE AF

P  yx1  xy1  xy1  yx1  0

W.E-10: The range of  , if ( ,  2 ) lies inside the a1 b1 c1

L1   L2  0. Where  is a parameter other angle between the lines is   

m1  m m  m2 b) Rhombus if d1=d2 and aa1  bb1  0 ,

 x1 , y1  w.r.t the line ax  by  c  0 then  x  x1  x2  x3    y  y1   y2  y3 

W.E-16: In a triangle ABC, coordinates of A are D P

is ii) The point is P such that PA  PB is

(iii) The bisector of the angle containing the Tangent

(iv) For the point (1, 2),  IPN =  NPR

Optimization: distance d from B is 1

b) one circle if the lines are concurrent

 number of traingles= 4 ( h < r)

4) ac  0 and / or bc  0 3) form a scalene triangle

Ax 1  By 1  C Ax1  By1  C 3) is a straight line concurrent with m and l

abc def  14. Use area of triangle formula

identical lines then 3  2k  line joining the points

triangle. Then the equation of the altitude 8. m = -1

1) x  3 y  12 2) 3 x  y  10 18. If the point of intersection of kx+4y+2=0,

26. The straight lines x + y = 0, 3x + y – 4 = 0

1) (-2, -1) 2) (-3, 1) c1  c2

c2 form and two-point form:

concurrency of Lines : Angle between lines:

1) ( 6,4 ) 2) (-3,3 ) 3) ( -8,8 ) 4) ( 0,7 ) 3) y  3 x  3 4) 3 y  x  1

51. Centroid of the triangle, formed by the lines  6 17 

36) 2 37) 3 38) 3 39) 1 40) 2

35. Equations of the angular bisectors of the

perpendicular bisector of AB is 11. The parametric equation of a line is given

2x + 3y + 4 = 0 ax+by-1 are concurrent if the straight line

1) 10, 11 2)  10,11 Optimization and reflection in surface:

OP 9 / 20 9 3 28. The point 1, 2  lies on L1   L2  0

46. Centroid  OPQ area   50

4. If PS is the median of the triangle with ver-

anticlockwise direction through an angle of 3 : 2, then k equals [AIEEE - 2012]

16) 3 17) 3 18) 4 19) 2 20) 1

7. The equation of the other diagonal is

44. If we reflect y  x  2 in y-axis, it will  64 x  8 y  115 or 14 x  112 y  15

becomes y   x  2  x  2 . The reflected 64 8

Y +  a3 x  b3 y  c3  = 0, then the lines

a x  aby  1  0 for all a  R  0

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