Power System Stability 295

Pmax during the fault

We know, K1 =
Pmax before the fault

Pmax after the fault

K2 =
Pmax before the fault
In Fig. 11.14,
d0 = power angle at the time of the fault
dcr = critical power angle when fault is cleared
dm = maximum angle of swing
Area A1 = Area A2 in Fig. 11.14 and From eqn. (11.55)

g bd g
1
cosdcr =
b K2 - K1 m - d 0 sin d 0 + K 2 cos d m - K 1 cos d 0

Initially, the generator is supplying 0.45 pu MW of Pmax Therfore,

Pi = 0.45 Pmax = Pmaxsind0
\ d0 = 26.74 or 0.466 radian.

Eg V t
Now Pmax =
xd
When the fault occurs |Vt| becomes 0.25|Vt|
Hence K1 = 0.25
After the fault is cleared, with K2 = 0.70, we have
¢
Pi = K2 Pmax sin dm

LM P OP = sin LM0.45P OP
NK P Q N0.70P Q
i max
\ d ¢m = sin
–1 –1
2 max max

\ d ¢m = 40º or 0.698 radian.

\ dm = p – d ¢m = 2.443 radian.

g b2.443 - 0.466gsinb0.466g + 0.7 cosb2.443g

1
\ cosdcr =
b
0.7 - 0.25

– 0.25 cos b0.466 g = 0.29

\ dcr = 73.14º or 1.276 radian. Ans.

Example 11.10: A generator operating at 60 Hz delivers 1 pu MW power. Suddenly a three
phase fault takes place reducing the maximum power transferable to 0.40 pu MW where as
before the fault, this power was 1.80 pu MW and after the clearance of the fault, it is 1.30 pu MW.
Determine the critical clearing angle.
296 Electrical Power Systems

Solution:
Pmax during the fault
K1 =
Pmax before the fault
Pmax after the fault
K2 = P
max before the fault
Pmax during the fault = 0.4 pu MW
Pmax after the fault = 1.30 pu MW
Pmax before the fault = 1.80 pu MW.
0.4
\ K1 = = 0.222
180
.
130
.
K2 = = 0.722.
180
.
Referring to Fig. 11.14,
Pi = 1.30 sin d ¢m = 1.0

1
\ d ¢m = = 50.26º or 0.877 radian.
130
.
\ dm = p – 0.877 = 2.264 rad. = 129.71º
FG 1 IJ = 33.75º or 0.589 radian.
and
From eqn. (11.55)
d0 = sin–1
H 1.80 K
b - K g bd - d gsin d + K cos d - K cos d
1
cosdcr = m 0 0 2 m 1 0
K 2 1

F 1
= G 0.722 – 0.222 b2.264 – 0.589 g sin b0.589g
\ cosdcr
Hb g
+ 0.722 cos b2.264 g – 0.222 cos b0.589g
\ cosdcr = 0.567
\ dcr = 55.45º or 0.968 radian. Ans.
Example 11.11: Find the critical clearing angle of the power system shown in Fig. 11.15 for a
three-phase fault at the point F. Generator is supplying 1.0 pu MW power under prefault
condition.

Fig. 11.15:Sample power system of Example 11.11.