7.

HIGH RISE STRUCTURE - CASE STUDY

HIGH RISE STRUCTURES

A high rise building is a tall building as

opposed to low rise buildings that is defined
by its height in each jurisdiction.
As per NBC buildings 15m and above in
height (irrespective of its occupancy) is
considered as High Rise Buildings.

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

Vital Statistics:
Location: New York, New York, USA
Completion Date: 1931
Cost: $41 million
Height: 1,250 feet
Stories: 102
Materials: Steel
Facing Materials: Limestone, granite, brick
Engineer(s): H.G. Balcom

ARCHITECTURE
the building is the seventh-tallest building in New York City, the ninth-tallest completed
skyscraper in the United States, the 54th-tallest in the world, and the sixth-tallest
freestanding structure in the Americas.It was the first building in the world to be more
than 100 stories tall, though only the lowest 86 stories are usable. The first through 85th
floors contain 2.158 million square feet (200,500 m2) of commercial and office space,
while the 86th story contains an observatory.The remaining 16 stories are part of the
spire, which is capped by an observatory on the 102nd floor; the spire does not contain
any intermediate levels and is used mostly for mechanical purposes

FORM

The Empire State Building has a symmetrical massing

because of its large lot and relatively short base.The
five-story base occupies the entire lot, while the 81-story
shaft above it is set back sharply from the base.The setback
above the 5th story is 60 feet (18 m) deep on all sides.
There are smaller setbacks on the upper stories, allowing
sunlight to illuminate the interiors of the top floors while
also positioning these floors away from the noisy streets
below.
FACADE

● The Empire State Building's Art Deco design is

typical of pre–World War II architecture in New
York City.
● The facade is clad in Indiana limestone panels
sourced from the Empire Mill in Sanders,
Indiana, which give the building its signature
blonde color.
● According to official fact sheets, the facade
uses 200,000 cubic feet (5,700 m3) of limestone
and granite, ten million bricks, and 730 short
tons (650 long tons) of aluminum and stainless
steel.
● The building also contains 6,514 windows.The
decorative features on the facade are largely
geometric, in contrast with earlier buildings,
whose decorations often were intended to
represent a specific narrative.
● The facade of the tower stories is split into
several vertical bays on each side, with windows
projecting slightly from the limestone cladding.
The bays are arranged into sets of one, two, or
three windows on each floor.

CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURE

● The structural steel was pre-ordered and

pre-fabricated in anticipation of a revision to the
city's building code that would have allowed the
Empire State Building's structural steel to carry
18,000 pounds per square inch (120,000 kPa), up
from 16,000 pounds per square inch (110,000 kPa),
thus reducing the amount of steel needed for the
building.
● Two-hundred and ten steel` columns made up the
vertical frame.
● Twelve of these ran the entire height of the building
.
● The steel girders could not be raised more than 30
stories at a time, so several large cranes (derricks)
were used to pass the girders up to the higher floors.
● The structure of the tower is braced steel frames
with semi rigid connections .
● To resist lateral forces , coupled shear walls are
used.