Voices Pre-Intermediate Students Book Answer Key

5 paragraph B
UNIT 1
6 paragraph E
OPENER 5
1 Sample answers
Sample answers 1 a They make you a strong person.
1 creative, imaginative, artistic, old- b They are good leaders.
fashioned 2 a They may find relationships difficult.
2,3 Students’ own answers b They want to feel free.
2 c They are happy with their lives.
curious, excited, happy 6
3 1 c
Students' own answers 2 e
1A 3 a
1 4 d
Sample answers 5 b
1 by reading social media posts; by reading Sample answers
other writings such as emails or letters; by The article gives information. Some students
asking them questions by email or on the may also say it provides entertainment. In the
phone; by meeting and talking to their final paragraph, it expresses a personal
friends and family; by reading their opinion too.
published writings (if they are a writer or
in the media); by looking at personal 7
details such as their job, their address, or Students’ own answers
their hobby or favourite sports
8
2 when you have a job interview with the
person; when you have to live with them Sample answers
as a flatmate or roommate; when you are We can predict from: their hairstyle, the
about to meet a person for the first time newspaper or magazine they read, the
2 websites they like to visit, the type of car they
drive, the films they watch, what they have in
1 spend time their pocket or bag, their favourite food or
2 think carefully drink or restaurant
3 feel unhappy 1B
4 do it often 1
5 make money Students’ own answers
3 2
Situation 1 aI bE cE dI eI fE
4 3
1 paragraph C Sample answers
2 paragraph A Eva closely matches what the infographic
3 paragraph D says about extroverts. She likes to have time
for a coffee with her colleagues before work.
4 paragraph F
Pre-intermediate Student’s Book: Answer key 1

She meets friends several times a week after 7
work and it makes her feel good. She chats to
1 We occasionally go out for a meal.
people in the evening and plays a team sport.
2 I usually get up early (except on Sundays).
Meera is close to what the infographic says
about introverts. She occasionally meets a 3 The baby often wakes up at night.
friend but usually prefers to read a book,
4 I sometimes cycle to work.
listen to music or watch a bit of TV. She does
sport alone or with a friend and goes for a 5 My mother always does yoga before work.
long cycle ride once or twice a month.
6 I’m rarely late to class.
4
8
1 Eva ✓ Meera ✓
Students’ own answers
2 Eva ✓ Meera
9
3 Eva ✓ Meera
1c 2a 3b
4 Eva Meera ✓
10–12
5 Eva ✓ Meera
Students' own answers
6 Eva ✓ Meera ✓
1C
5
1 Adverbs of frequency in the infographic in 1
the order they appear: Sample answers
every day / often / always / sometimes / Photo 1: She is posing for a photo.
usually / several times a week /
occasionally / rarely / never Photo 2: She is travelling / walking / hiking.
2 several times a week, every day Photo 3: She is fixing a car.
3 indefinite adverbs in order (from least She is smiling and feels happy in all the
often to most often): photos.
always 2
often 1 five
usually 2 English
sometimes 3 the US
occasionally 4 differently
rarely Sample answers
never Being your best self means showing your

nicest / most positive qualities. The idea here
6 is that there are certain situations in life that
1 b make it easier for us to show these sides of
our personality.
2 d
3
3 f
1 Interviewer ✓ Arianna
4 c
2 Interviewer ✓ Arianna ✓
5 a
3 Interviewer Arianna ✓
6 e
4 Interviewer Arianna ✓
5 Interviewer ✓ Arianna ✓

4 2 Absolutely. I talk a lot when I’m at home!
Sample answers 3 Yes, I do like learning new languages.
Students’ own answers, but typically people 4 When I’m at work, it really changes how I
are more serious and professional at work act.
and relaxed and friendly at home.
10
People may feel more confident with friends
than in work situations. Often, bilingual
people feel their personality seems different 11
depending on which language they speak.
1 think positively about yourself
5
2 making things
Present simple:
3 are kind and helpful to people
Do you change because the culture is
4 in all
different?
5 stay calm
the US is the place where I feel my best self
because the culture fits me. 6 do your job well
The culture is more serious and quiet. 7 do what you say you will do
Present continuous: 8 don't laugh very much
How about when you’re living in different 12
places?
And right now I’m living in Germany … I’m
working at the university … 1D
I’m naturally trying to act like other people. Sample answers
6 1 You could take a friend with you, think of
1 What are you doing at the moment? and prepare things to say or questions to
ask, wear clothes that make you feel good.
2 How do you usually go to work?
2 You could see it as an opportunity to find
3 He is teaching me to play tennis. out about a person by asking questions.
(happening around now / temporary) / He
teaches me to play tennis. (repeated or 3 You could ask questions to find out more
regular action in the present time period) information about your friend’s life.
4 She is trying to eat healthy food. 2

(happening around now) / She tries to eat First strategy D
healthy food. (general truth)
Second strategy B
5 We rarely watch TV these days.
Third strategy A
7
Fourth strategy C
Sample answers
Final strategy E
We are wearing jeans.; We live in the city
centre.; We are doing an English course.; We 3
get up before seven on weekdays. Students’ own answers
8 4
Students' own answers Sample answers
9 1, 3 and 4 are good because they are open
1 I definitely prefer living here. questions which invite people to talk about
themselves so you can find a connection. 2 is

a closed question and, like 5, is a bit personal 2
for a first meeting.
1 essay
5
2 business letter
Sample answers
3 social media post, text message and
What do you do in your job? personal email
What food do you like? 3
What sports do you enjoy doing? an advert to share a home: Text 1, response C
6 a job application: Text 3: response B
Students' own answers a social media profile: Text 2, response A
7 4
1 his Sample answers
2 sleeping 2 write a short description of themselves
(and click on ’Let Me In!’)
3 fit
3 write about three things: who they are,
4 ship
what skills they have, what work they
5 eat enjoy doing
6 heating A almost every day
8 B how to speak in public and write business
reports
Sample questions
C The writer sometimes goes out but usually
1 What do you wear on your feet at home?
likes quiet evenings in.
2 What do you eat for breakfast?
5
3 When did you last slip and hurt yourself?
Sample answers
9
Yes – all use the correct style
Sample answers
A: contractions, exclamation marks and
2 So do I / Oh, I don’t. short, simple sentences about hobbies
and personal interests.
3 Neither do I. / Oh, I do.
B: no contractions or exclamation marks;
4 So am I / Really? I’m not.
longer, direct sentences about
5 Me too. / So did we. / Oh, we didn’t. professional skills and experience.
C: contractions, exclamation marks and
short, simple sentences about hobbies
10–12
and personal interests.
6
1E Steps 1, 2, 3 and 4
1 7
Sample answers Sample answers
Posts, texts and personal emails are likely to I am positive, confident, creative, reliable and
be the most common. Reasons include patient. I studied literature at university.
keeping in touch with friends, making After university, I worked for two years in an
arrangements and sharing ideas, photos and office. My skills include giving presentations,
stories. helping customers and solving problems.

8–10 3
Students’ own answers 1 You can eat fruit, vegetables, protein, oily
fish and dark chocolate. You can drink
UNIT 2 green tea, coffee and water.
2 You need to exercise regularly to increase
OPENER brain size. Exercising only once can
1 improve memory
Sample answers 3 To relax, have a bath, listen to music or
meditate.
1 There’s a pool with some inflatables in the
background. In the foreground, we can 4 Have a short sleep before and/or after
see a hand holding an old slide showing a studying. You need about 7–9 hours of
little girl in a pool. sleep.
2 The edge of the pool is different in the 5 You can use your memory by learning a
two photos. There are giant inflatables in language, brain training or trying to
the pool in the background. memorize information like event details
and passwords.
2
4
1 Gina: remembering car registration plate
numbers. Nora: remembering what she study necessary reduce
needs to do and birthdays. research essential decrease
2 Gina: what she had for dinner last night, memorize strengthen affect
what she needs to do (especially when she
is busy). Nora: to reply to emails and texts, remember improve influence
phone numbers, how to get to places and
5
to water her plants.
Sample answers
3
Sourced:
regular exercise actually increases brain size
2A (A 2011 study by Kirk Erikson: but from 2011
– old and outdated)
1
exercise improved memory in some older
Sample answers people (study by the University of Iowa:
1 Thinking games like Sudoku and jigsaws perhaps hard to find)
keep the brain active – you have to use one single training session same as regular
your memory to do them; meditation and exercise (Science Daily)
relaxing your mind may be good for
memory; water is good for you, so Eight weeks of short daily meditation
perhaps it helps your memory improved memory (one study by the
University of Massachusetts)
2 Students may suggest eating particular
foods, doing healthy activities like sport, students learned things better before and
etc. after a short sleep! (A 2019 study in the
Nature Research Journal).
2
Unsourced:
Sample answers
Research shows that eating lots of fruit,
Encourage students to think of things that vegetables and proteins improves memory.
might be said within each paragraph/topic
heading (e.g. about food, weight and use, Try to avoid sugary foods such as cakes,
etc.). Students may suggest eating healthy biscuits and milk chocolate.
fruit (food), doing exercise (weight) or doing
brain games (use).

In cold countries, experts say to drink 1–2 5 The doctors didn’t see her immediately.
litres a day, more in hot countries. The hospital was busy, so she had to go
back the next day.
Studies show that green tea and coffee are
also good for our memory. 6 The nurses put bandages on her teddy
bear.
Other forms of relaxation can also positively
influence our short-term memory. 4
Some studies show that people with a 1 next weekend.
healthy body weight did better at memory
2 don't
tests and had less chance of getting
Alzheimer’s disease. 3 aren’t
For your brain to work well, 7–9 hours of 4 -est
sleep is important.
5 end in -ed
6
5
1 Research
Regular: changed, decided, planned, stayed,
2 remember wanted, didn’t want, asked, loved, saved,
tried, studied, started, changed
3 decreases
Irregular: was, did, went, could, fell, broke,
4 essential/necessary
took, sent, told, had, felt, came, woke
5 reduces
6
6 study
1 was
7 improves/strengthens
2 moved
8 affect/influence
3 lived
Sample answers
4 spent
It is up to students which they want to fact
5 went
check. 1 and 6 refer to research but don’t say
where from. 2 is a quote – and a personal 6 swam
opinion. The others are unsourced – and
7 sailed
probably need checking.
8 didn’t think
7
9 ate
10 made
2B
11 were
1 12 didn’t have
Students’ own answers 13 read
2 14 played
Story 1 – photo B Story 2 – photo A 15 didn’t want
3 7–8
1 Gina’s mum wanted to go caving, so asked Students' own answers
Gina to go with her.
9
2 They stayed on a campsite.
1 present
3 Gina studied caves at university because
of the caving trip. 2 past
4 When she was eight she hurt her arm. 3 present

4 past Other things mentioned: hand-writing things,
finding words in her own language that
5 past
remind her of new words, lists and keywords,
6 present post-it notes, highlighting, mind maps
(diagrams), topic headings.
7 past
5
8 present
1 makes me think of = reminds me of =
9 past
helps me remember
10–11
2 get ready (for exams) = revise, read over
Students' own answers notes and learn information
3 important, highlighted = mark words with
2C
special coloured pens
1 4 different ideas; mind maps = diagrams to
Sample answers link different ideas
Lists of things: Organize or categorize the list; 6
sing the list 1A 2F 3E 4 G 5 B 6 C 7 I 8 H 9 J 10 D
New words in English, numbers and dates: 7
Word association: match a word or date to an
image in your head (e.g. match a year to an 1 history
image of fireworks to remember the date of 2 drama
independence of your country)
3 PE
Associating with a physical action: remember
new words for sports by making an action for 4 geography
each 5 art
Flash cards: you could label objects in your 6 maths
house with new words, or put new words on
pieces of paper and put them in your pocket 7 IT
– keep taking them out and looking at them. 8 biology
Grammar: Use pictures to visualize grammar 9 physics
Study notes: Put them on flash cards – 10 chemistry
shuffle them and keep testing yourself
8
2
Grammar pictures: using visual images to
show the rule of use 9
Memory sentences: for lists 1 do
Memory trees: organizing words or grammar, 2 be
etc. into sets in a visual way 10
Colour: using a colour system so students can 1 Where did you go to school?
use a marker pen to tell themselves whether
they have learned something or not 2 Who was your favourite teacher?
3 3 What were your best subjects at school?
Students' own answers 4 Did your school teach you good
techniques for revising?
4
5 Can you remember the 12 times table?
colour
6 Are you a forgetful person?

7 How often do you forget your English 4 How awful!
homework?
5 Sounds painful!
8 Do you like learning new things?
6 What a shame!
11
6
2D 7
1 1a 2b 3a 4a
Students' own answers 8
2 Students’ own answers
Sample answers 2E
Students might suggest eye contact, smiling,
1–2
nodding, saying things like ‘really?’, asking
questions. Students’ own answers
3 3
Conversation 2 is more successful. having a holiday in Jericoacoara in Brazil
In conversation 1 Hanadi doesn’t use 4
techniques to show she is listening, even if
1 It had a balcony and a view of the sea
she might be. She is quite unresponsive. She
leaves long pauses, doesn’t use facial 2 The streets were made of sand.
expressions or change her tone of voice. She
3 The white sand and the clear, blue water.
doesn’t seem to show interest.
4 João dropped a fish in the sand.
Hanadi does the following differently in the
second conversation: 5 It’s a very special place.
• She uses body language and facial 5
expressions; she makes eye contact, smiles
and looks worried (other people might nod or
shake their heads) 6
• She makes listening noises – hmmm 1 I have such happy memories of this trip.
(sad/interested), ahh, ohh (to show interest)
2 Some of the tickets were really cheap!
• She uses encouraging words and short
3 Everyone loved her!
responses – wow, that’s great, oh dear, oh no
(other people might say excellent or brilliant) 4 We couldn’t believe it!
• She repeats part of the story or key words 5 I would love to go again.
from the story
7–9
• She asks questions to show interest
4
UNIT 3
5 OPENER
Sample answers 1
1 Well done! 3 Sample answers
2 That’s lovely. Food for thought is an idiom used to describe
3 Wow! something that requires you to think about it
seriously and carefully. Here, it is a play on

words – we are going to think about food 6 popular
seriously in this unit.
5
2
1 D
1 cauliflower B
2 D
2 curry B
3 I (the people made special pastries in the
3 fish soup T shape of a moon to celebrate)
4 French fries T 4 I (tinned tomatoes were easy to find in
shops)
5 pizza T
5 D
6 sweets –
6 I (the curry he ordered was too dry)
7 tofu B
6
8 veggie burger B
3
Students’ own answers 3B
3A
1
Jim invited friends for dinner. Because he was
1
talking to his friends, he forgot about the
Sample answers food and it burnt.
Some obvious choices: 2
Mexico: tacos, burritos 1 salt
Spain: paella, tortilla 2 curry
France: cassoulet, croissant 3 lasagne
Japan: sushi, tempura 4 foot
2 5 smoke
1 recipe 3
2 pastries Students should underline:
3 traditional I was making (a curry) / I wasn’t paying
attention / I was cooking (a special meal) / I
4 spices
was carrying (the lasagne) / I was making
5 celebrate (dinner) / We were (soon) chatting
6 miss 4
7 ingredients 1 started, were waiting
3 2 didn’t add, was making
b 3 were living, had
4 4 put, wasn’t looking
1 England 5 were watching, decided
2 moon 5
3 country a
4 Most 6
5 customer Sample answer

The following diagram best represents 3
sentences 1, 2, 4 and 5:
1a 2b 3e 4c 5d
4
Sample answers
1 She could not find good sushi.
7
2 There are few tuna left in the oceans.
Sample answers
3 She wanted to connect restaurants and
1 We were meeting new students at the people who catch fish.
station when someone took my bag.
4 They want to be healthy and help protect
2 My sister smiled while she was talking on the environment.
the phone. / I was talking to our six-week-
5
old baby when she smiled for the first
time. 1 delicious
3 I was eating salad when I found an insect 2 raw
in it.
3 a dish
4 I dropped my credit card when I was
4 vegetarian
buying something.
5 vegan
5 I saw a rainbow when I was walking in the
park yesterday. 6 serve
8 7 prepare
Students' own answers 8 an allergy
9 6
1 weak 1 vegetarian
2 strong 2 allergy
3 strong, strong 3 vegan
4 weak, strong 4 raw
10–11 5 prepare
Students' own answers 6 served
7 dish
3C
8 delicious
1
7
eating out = going out to restaurants;
eating in = staying at home and cooking
8
2
1 coffees
Sample answer
2 small
1 The descriptions are probably trying to be
funny because the information is not 3 fries
based on real data and because it has 4 two, two
jokes such as ‘… even if it’s also low-taste’.
9–10

3D 4 Probably unhelpful to be direct as your
reason doesn’t sound very important. (But
1 it may depend why and how much you
Students’ own answers don’t like parties and your relationship
with your colleagues)
2
8
They serve pasta, fish and meat dishes, pizza
and desserts. (They say they make whatever 1 I’d rather … because … / I’d prefer … as … /
you want.) Actually, since … , could …
3 2 You see, … / It’s just that … / The thing is,
…
At Paolo’s Italian Café, we have something for
everyone. 3 The reason is that … / This is because …
Chef Paolo can make anything! 9
4 1 The reason is that … / (This is) because … /
It’s just that …
1 everyone
2 You see, … / The thing is, …
2 Everything
3 Actually, since … could …
3 anything, nothing
10
4 nobody
5 somebody
6 anywhere 3E
5 1
Sample answers Students' own answers
1 You might cook food they don’t like; you 2
don’t know if they have any allergies.
Sample answers
2 You can’t agree on a restaurant to go to;
Dried fish soup
someone ends up unhappy with the
choice that is made. 1 eight (counting salt and pepper as two
ingredients)
3 You don’t know which restaurants are
good; you end up going to a restaurant 2 which vegetables and salt and pepper
where you don’t like the food; you go
Green curry with tofu
somewhere that is too expensive; you
can’t find the restaurant. 1 nine
6 2 chillis, which vegetables and fish sauce or
soy sauce
1 He didn’t explain the reasons why he said
something. 3
2 He explained his reasons. Students’ own answers
7 4
Sample answers Sample answer
1 Helpful because people won’t think you instructions on how to make something;
are being unfriendly. instructions on how to use something; how to
play something or how to take medication;
2 Helpful as they will understand there is an
directions for how to get somewhere
important reason.
3 Helpful as they will understand that you
were not just being rude.

5 km a day and he does body weight
exercises.
1 2 whole dried fish / 1 large onion and 3
potatoes / 1 small onion and 1 chilli / 300 2 It’s important for his work to stay fit and
grams of tofu healthy. He has to carry heavy equipment
and spend long periods under water.
2 for at least half an hour / after about ten
minutes / Keep cooking / for three 3 To do a short workout (30 minutes) five
minutes / cook until it boils days a week.
3 You first need to … / While the fish … / Abby:
When the onion is … / Then add the chilli /
1 She spends time outside, gets a lot of
Next, add the … / Finally, add …
exercise, running, walking, also swimming,
4 such as leaves … / Serve it with … riding a bike, going boating.
6 2 She’s motivated by feeling good mentally.
Sample answers 3 She wants to get more flexible. She wants
something she can do in small spaces and
Add sentence A to Brian’s recipe after: Next,
when she travels.
add the vegetables and tofu.
3
Add sentence B to Tsiory’s recipe after: …
maybe a little salt and black pepper, too. Students' own answers
7
4A
Sample answers
1
1 Omelette. Other ingredients: red or green
peppers, herbs, onion, potatoes. 1 An ambition is a strong desire to do or
achieve something. It is what you really
2 Chop 200 grams of mushrooms and cook want to do in life.
them in butter for about five minutes.
Don’t burn the butter. Chop a slice of ham 3 Depending on the ambition, steps could
into small pieces. Break three eggs into a include: doing a course, saving up money,
bowl. Add the cooked mushrooms and the applying for certain jobs, learning from
ham. Also add some salt and pepper. Mix other people, doing training, etc.
everything well. Then cook it in a pan with 2
some butter or oil. Enjoy it with a salad.
1 achieve
8–10
2 give up
3 train
UNIT 4 4 concentrate
5 push
OPENER
6 coach
1
3
1 wet, cold, tired/exhausted, determined,
competitive Scanning means to read quickly to find
specific information such as a username, a
2–3 place or a date. It can help you find the
Students' own answers information you need quickly: numbers,
capital letters, specific words or similar
2 words, etc.
Andrej: Skimming means to read quickly to get the
1 In the past he did free diving, martial arts writer’s general idea. So scanning involves
and cycling. But now it’s just walking 7–13 looking through a text quickly to find specific
words, whereas skimming involves reading all

the words but quickly and without worrying 2
about any bits you don’t understand.
Andrej does both (‘I’m somewhere in
4 between’). He sets goals but doesn’t put a
time on them. He doesn’t set work goals.
1 Singapore
Abby is also a mixture of both. She says that
2 climbing and studying
goals can be helpful, but she likes to change
3 to climb for Singapore in the Olympics them when she needs to. She has short-term
goals which she makes one at a time, but she
4 When he was fourteen.
also says that ‘fun activities are more fun
5 Ian Dunn when you don’t plan them too much.’
6 the GB climbing team 3
5 Abby: 1, 4, 5, 8
1 F: He worries that he won’t get into the Andrej: 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10
Olympics because he doesn’t have enough
4
time to train.
1 Future plans and intentions: I’m going to
2 T: Mark … goes to the gym every day after
be this. I’m going to draw insects. I’m
his engineering classes.
going to learn more about my science. I’m
3 F: He never gives up! going to spend more time doing things I
love. I’m going to keep using social media.
4 T: Next year, he’s moving to the UK to
I don’t know exactly how I’m going to do
train with his coach.
it.
5 DS He says that he needs to concentrate
2 Definite future arrangements: I’m moving
(but there is no mention of diet).
to the US for work in the summer. I’m
6 travelling in South America soon.
Sample answers 5
Students may suggest these difficulties: 1 a is a more definite arrangement as there
studying and training every day, giving 100% is an exact date
every day, moving to train in a different
2 no difference in meaning. b is the better
country
structure to use here since there is no
7 time given.
Helpful = 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 3 no difference in meaning, but a is the
better structure to use here as it is a
Unhelpful = 2, 7 and 9
definite arrangement
All of them are mentioned.
4 the use of ‘hoping’ in a makes this sound
8 less definite than b, which expresses a
plan rather than a hope
5 a is a more definite arrangement as a time
4B is given
1 6 no difference in meaning. This is an
intention, so b is the better structure to
Sample answers use here.
2 If you make plans, you know what you’re 7 a is a definite arrangement and b is an
going to do, you don’t miss out on things intention
because you act too late, you feel relaxed.
6
3 If you live in the moment, you can change
plans quickly and easily, and you have 1 What are you doing tonight?
more surprises.

2 How are you going to study for your 4
exams?
3 Who are you going to spend / spending
5
time with at the weekend?
She’s motivated about studying. She needs
4 Where are you going (to go) on your next
help getting motivated to do exercise.
holiday?
6
5 Are you going to work in another city or
country? 1 T (my parents always encourage me)
6 Are you going to meet / meeting anyone 2 F (She competes with him)
after class?
3 F (money is not motivating for thinking
7 Are you going to learn a new skill this tasks)
year?
4 T (Like trying to, like, help change the
7 world – that makes me feel good)
Students' own answers 5 F (choose, improve, and have a purpose)
8–9 7
Strong words underlined. Weak words bold. 1 Well, So
1 I’m planning to write a book. 2 Well, like, er
2 He’s going to Brazil next summer. 3 I mean
3 She’s staying with her parents for another 4 oh
year.
5 like, you know
4 I’m visiting my family soon.
8
10–11
1 decision
2 offer
4C 3 promise
1 9
Students’ own answers Sample answers
2 1 I’ll help you.
1 praise 2 I won’t tell her.
2 punish 3 Sorry, I’ll bring you some tea.
3 encourage 4 I’ll teach you.
4 prize 5 I’ll be there in five mins.
5 challenge 6 I’ll miss you too/write to you every day!
6 reward 10–11
7 purpose Students’ own answers
3 4D
1 prize, success
Sample answers
2 reward
1 embarrassed, anxious, upset (if it is
3 praise negative)
4 happiness, fun

2 nervous, embarrassed, afraid of being too 4 trying new things
critical
5 negative
3 Some students may prefer positive,
6 making small changes / trying new things
encouraging feedback focussing on the
good things; some may prefer honest, 7 learning from their mistakes
direct feedback, so they know what
8 negative
negative things to work on.
6
2
Sample answers
Sample answers
2 I see that you found that hard. What did
1 Isabella gives Natalia feedback (on the
you think? / I can see you tried really hard.
need to clean more often and change
Next time try doing it a little faster.
bathroom towels).
5 I noticed that your bread was flat. What
2 Isabella is unfair. She embarrasses Natalia
happened? / You tried hard. Have you
by criticising her in front of others and by
tried other recipes?
making a joke at her expense.
8 It’s a shame that you forgot the words.
3 Isabella should speak to Natalia alone and
How do you feel? / I’m glad you enjoyed
not joke with her.
it. Next time you could try singing in front
3 of the mirror.
Sample answers 7
Students may argue different points of view, Sample answers
but they are most likely to say they’d like to
Situation 1: That’s a shame. Sorry you lost.
hear feedback that is expressed positively
Keep training. How do you feel?
(with praise or with balanced comments).
Situation 2: I can see that you found that
a 3, 6 and 7 would probably help you
hard. How do you feel?
improve
Situation 3: I noticed that you left your car in
b You would probably like to hear 1, 3, 4 and
the road. Next time you could try parking
6
nearer your house.
1 and 4 have praise and positive support (but,
Situation 4: Keep practising! You’re getting
arguably, are too nice and not constructive)
better! Next time you could try keeping the
3, 6 and 7 are balanced between positive camera still.
support and constructive criticism
8
2, 5 and 8 are expressed too directly and
negatively and could discourage.
9
4
Sample answers
1 working hard, improving a little,
succeeding, trying new things Wan: I noticed that you were on your phone
a lot. Next time you could try concentrating
2 positive
more. You don’t want to fail the test again.
3 opinions
Surio: I can see that you aren’t saving much
4 improve money. How do you feel about that? Have
you tried cutting down on coffee? Why don’t
5
you bring your lunch to school?
1 succeeding
Rowan: I can see you’re training/working
2 negative hard and you’re getting better. But I can see
that you’re making a lot of mistakes. Keep
3 working hard
practising!

4E I try to do 30 minutes every day.
1 I need C1 level for university.
Students’ own answers I need to speak English well to get a UK
passport too.
2
dream of + verb-ing
Work reasons: to speak to customers, send
emails quickly and make phone calls Because I dream of being in the advanced class too.
they enjoy learning. Because they want to go 6 – 11
to university and do research in English.
3
Sample answers UNIT 5
1 Most have realistic goals (possibly not
OPENER
Krzysztof_the_student).
3 Andres089 could find an Englishspeaking 1
friend to chat to online and could do a 1 It Is on water.
business course to improve email writing;
The_Great_Nawal may need to do an 2–3 Students' own answers
exam course. 2
4 1 France (family and friends) and Indonesia
Jin: (lives there) – 50/50
wifes -- wife’s 2 The Philippines as no.1 (her parents are

there) and Switzerland as no. 2
Id -- I’d
3
they’re joke’s -- their jokes
Sofia_smiles:
You’re -- Your 5A
Its -- It’s 1
would/’d + like/love to + verb 2
I’d really like to speak English well. The programme is about Marie Kondo
helping people to tidy their homes. The
I’d love to understand everything. reviewer ‘loved this programme’ and thinks it
I’d love to send emails quickly and will change people’s lives.
understand phone calls. 3
I’d love to speak very good English. Sample answers
I’d like to talk to my wife’s family and Encourage students to avoid words that will
understand all their jokes! come up in Exercise 4. Words they might
hope to + verb choose include: series (= a number of TV
programmes); hugging (= holding tight with
I hope to be in the advanced class one day. affection); hung (= placed on hangers or
(don’t) want/need/try to hooks in a wardrobe); folded (= see the
photo).
I want to have conversations in English.
4
I also don’t need to be perfect.
1 pile (clue: ‘emptied everything from their
I don’t want to change my accent. wardrobe’) (an explanation)

2 charity (clue: ‘so that someone else can 5B
enjoy it’) (an example)
1
3 in a mess / untidy (clue: ‘toys, books and
clothes all over their home’) (an example) The photo shows the cable car going up
Bukhan Mountain (Bukhansan) in the north of
4 tidy up (clue: ‘find a place for the things the city. It shows that the city is very modern
they love’ ‘organize their homes’) and densely populated with large skyscrapers
(example, word with similar meaning) and busy streets – but that it also has large
5 stuff (clue: ‘Those things in your green spaces.
cupboards, shelves and boxes that you 2
probably don’t need, use or love!’)
(explanation) 1 To tell her friend about her new life in
Seoul, and to invite her friend for a visit.
6 throw away/out (clue: ‘if it doesn’t make
you feel happy, don’t keep it! Put it in the 2 She's really enjoying her life there.
bin, recycle it, or give it to charity’) 3
(examples/explanation)
Education: children are happy at school
5
Food: street food, healthy, favourite is
1 4, and 5 kimchi. Many places deliver takeaway 24
6 hours a day.
Sample answers Nature: plenty of green spaces, can cycle

along or windsurf on Han River, can go hiking
1 It’s so much quicker to find things now! (a on Bukhan mountain.
reason or example)
Transport: metro is well-organized, fast and
2 It’s not easy to imagine a calm, tidy house cheap with a T-money card, (but busy at rush
when you have three children, … hour) – don’t need a car.
(adjective – not easy; reason or example)
4
3 Overall, I loved this programme. Watch it!
It will change your life! things that are generally true
7 5
Students’ own answers 1 is, go
8 2 visits, likes
Sample answers 3 gets, don’t have
1 The first quote suggests that being 4 am, take

organized is not the same as being tidy. 5 show, come
Often, people who have very organized
minds may, on the surface, appear to have 6 don’t know, ask
a messy desk or room. 6
2 This saying depends on an understanding because his wife got offered a job in
of ‘house’ and ‘home’. A house is the Colombia so they’re moving there.
building – a home is the place where
people live. The saying suggests that 7
where we live is only a home when it is a 1 b
bit messy and dirty – if too clean, it is
empty and unfriendly. 2 c
3 a
4 d

8 2
likely Extreme adjectives add more drama/make
your writing more interesting / avoid overuse
9
of ‘very’.
1 If we live there, it will be too quiet.
1 tiny
2 If she moves to the city, she will love it.
2 enormous
3 If the weather is bad, we won’t go back
3 freezing
next year.
4 filthy
4 They’ll be very happy if they go on holiday
5 disgusting
5 If you aren’t hungry now, we’ll order food
later. 6 awful
10 7 brilliant
1 We’ll learn …: talking about a particular 8 spectacular
future situation (they are moving country
3
soon) and the result of that
We learn…: general fact – they move to
different countries often and learn 4
languages wherever they live
1A 2A 3E 4E
2 If he calls, I’ll answer: talking about a
5
particular future situation (a call which
might happen) and the particular result of 1a 2b 3b 4a
that
6
If he calls, I answer: actions that happen
1C 2S
after or as a result of other actions – every
time he calls, the speaker answers 7
11 1 the noisiest
Students' own answers 2 less comfortable than
12 3 the most unusual
Sentences 1, 3, 4 4 the least crowded
1 I’ll travel by bus when I’m in Brazil. 5 The best
2 If we arrive late, we take a taxi. 6 more expensive than
3 If I live near the gym, I’ll go every day. 7 most uncomfortable
4 They’ll help you if you ask them. 8 worse than
8–9
Students’ own answers 10
1 have
5C
2 save
1
3 loaf
4 leave
5 life
6 wives

11–12 5
Students’ own answers Try to be a flexible guest. Talk to hosts to find
out how you can work together (e.g. you can
5D offer to help).
1 6
The signs are in Spanish, Polish, English and 2, 4, 5 and 6
Japanese. They all give the message Make 7
yourself at home, although some say it in a
different way, e.g. the Spanish says: Sample answers
Welcome. My home is your home. 1 Soheila should speak to the friend the
2 night before and find out what time they
usually shower/go to work. Soheila could
Sample answers then shower before or after their host.
1 Ideas include being told to make yourself Soheila might also ask how to turn on the
at home; being offered something to eat hot water for a shower, or, indeed, only
or drink; being shown where to sit or have a short shower.
where things are 2 Enzo should ask what time the uncle gets
2 Ideas: bringing a present; offering to take up, ask what they have for breakfast and
off shoes and/or coat; asking permission ask if they’d like him to make it. Enzo
before doing things; saying yes to offers of should work quietly and tidy up while
food or drink; saying positive things about cooking. It would be better if Enzo waited
the house and food for the host to get up and let the host
prepare breakfast.
3
8
The first host might be upset because they’ve
spent a long time cooking and they want to Sample answers
catch up with their guest, but the guest is I’m a little hot. Do you mind if I (close the
tired and falls asleep. window and) turn the air conditioning on?
The second host might be annoyed because 9
their guest tries to do everything by
themselves instead of asking the host to Students' own answers
make coffee, etc. The guest also uses up all 10
the sugar.
Sample answers
4
Situations: sharing an office, using the office
Sample answers photocopier, where to sit in meetings, doing
Situation 1: The guest should understand that pair or group work in class, sitting or standing
the host has prepared food and should either on a bus
apologise for not eating it, or make an effort 11
to have a quick shower then come and eat.
The host should be more flexible – not cook Students' own answers
so much and not expect the guest to be ready
to eat and talk. 5E
Situation 2: The guest should perhaps wait 1
for the host to offer him coffee and not try to
1 It is a tree house.
do everything. The host should perhaps insist
on doing things and not let the guest do 3 Online, through a travel agent, by phone.
things alone.
2
Alonso = host, Hajer = guest

3 restaurant nearby?
Location:Chile How do I log in to the WiFi?
Dates (Hajer): 5-20th July Is there somewhere to park my car?
Beds: 2 6
Dates (Hajer + friend): 10-15th July Sample answers
Keys: small box behind bin in garden – code The following questions (from the suggested
8743 answers in 5) are usually essential: How do I
get there from the station? Do you have a
Bus Arrival: 2 p.m.
room available on the 17th? Is there
Towels: provided somewhere to park my car?
Guest arrival time: 2.30 p.m. Some are essential in different circumstances.
For example, WiFi might be essential if you’re
Activity: hiking
working or need to contact someone. An
Host arrival time: 6 p.m. oven might be essential if you want to
prepare a special meal.
Drinks: tea and coffee
7
Check-in time: 4 p.m.
4
8
Questions:
Sample answers
Could I stay with you from 5–20th July?
1 I saw your advert on the home hosting
Also, will it be OK if my friend joins me from
website.
10-15th?
2 I am looking for somewhere to stay for my
How many beds are there in each room? Can
cousin’s wedding.
we share a room?
3 Your place looks perfect for going skiing.
What time can I check in and how do I pick up
the keys? Also, do you provide towels or do 4 I would love to stay at your place because
we need to bring our own? I like unusual accommodation.
Friendly comments: 5 I hope to stay from the 19th to 21st June.
I would love to stay at your place. 9 – 11
My place is perfect for hiking … there’s plenty Students’ own answers
of space for your friend.
UNIT 6
It has the best view!
Help yourself to tea and coffee. Looking OPENER
forward to meeting you!
1
Looking forward to my stay!
Sample answers
5
1 He is waiting for an underground train.
Sample answers Perhaps he is going to the airport to go
Are there any good walks in the local area? backpacking, or perhaps he is on his way
back to college or university.
Is there an oven in the kitchen?
2 spectacular, weird, colourful
How do I get there from the station?
3 Words include: nervous, anxious, excited
Do you have a room available on the 17th?
Do you know if there’s a good Italian

2 4 it refers to swimming (to work)
1 She says: do some research, find out what 5 she refers to Lucy
the cultural differences are and have an
6 them refers to the toys she needs
open mind.
7 his refers to Fucao’s
2 She says: don’t do anything dangerous,
don’t travel to places international advice 8 this sport refers to paddleboarding
says not to, get up-to-date, correct travel
9 it refers to the plane
information
10 him refers to František
3 She says: she’s lucky because she speaks
Spanish and has never been to a place 5
where she doesn’t speak the local
Sample answers
language.
1 Fucao’s paddleboarding (Going by car
3
takes over an hour but paddleboarding
Students' own answers takes just six minutes)
2 Arguably, the swim is the easiest (less
6A
equipment than the others); arguably, the
1 flight is the most complicated (has to park
the plane)
3 Students’ opinions.
2
4 Arguably, the swim (so long as you don’t
1 waterproof put your feet in glass); paddleboarding
2 wetsuit and snowboarding are also healthy
3 protect 5 Arguably, Fucao (because it saves the
most time), but Benjamin and Lucy have
4 helmet options that are healthy, time-saving and
5 goggles lots of fun.
6 lifejacket 6–7
3 Students' own answers
Benjamin swims because it’s faster and he 8
finds it stressful to travel by car. Sample answer
Fucao paddleboards because it is much A bicycle is good for the environment, not
quicker than driving and helps him to train. expensive and I can carry everything easily,
Lucy snowboards because she loves it and but 15 kms is a long way on a bike when the
enjoys seeing the sun come up over the weather is hot! It will take a long time!
mountains. A hot air balloon would be fun and it is not
František flies because it is quicker and bad for the environment. We could land in
cheaper than going by car. the park. But it is too slow and expensive and
you never know how long the commute will
4 take.
1 that refers to the average time it takes A camel would be fun and good for a hot
people to get to work (the idea and place. But it wouldn’t be good in a busy city
statistic in the previous sentence) and it’d be slow.
2 these people refers to some people A skateboard is good for the environment,
(Benjamin, Lucy, František and Fucao) in not expensive and easy to use. But I can’t
the previous sentence carry everything easily on a skateboard and
3 them refers to laptop, suit, shoes 15 kms is a long way when the weather is
hot! It will take a long time!

6B 2 ’ve travelled
1 3 broke
Sample answers 4 Have you ever missed
1 Possibly yes: exciting, adventurous, 5 haven’t
amazing views: Possibly no: 6 missed
uncomfortable, dangerous, slow
7 ’ve run
2 Most likely that tourists would be on a
bus, but students may suggest a 8 Have you ever booked
motorbike, a horse, or (cheekily) a 9 did
helicopter
10 ‘ve never done
2
11 arrived
Because it was much longer and harder than
she expected, but also because she had some 12 was
great experiences. 6
3 1 What’s the most uncomfortable transport
1 They wanted to hike a trail in Peru. you’ve ever taken?
2 Their guidebook was old and the trail was 2 Have you ever travelled by electric car or
closed (for 20 years). bus?
3 They decided to go somewhere else to 3 Have you ever missed your bus, train or
hike. plane?
4 To go to Lima and catch another bus 4 Have you ever been travel sick?
there. 7
5 Lima was a long bus journey. / They Students' own answers
thought going that way would take longer.
8
6 Almost two days.
1 cut 2 cart 3 bag 4 dark 5 pack 6 fun
4
9
1
a present perfect (in your whole life, from
when you were a child until now). 6C
b past simple (one journey on one holiday)
1
2
Sample answers
a present perfect (in her whole life – from
Reasons to fly: amazing views, get to places
when she was a child until now)
quickly, avoid pollution and chaos of roads,
b past simple (she had one crazy idea at a different perspective on life
particular time in the past)
Reasons not to fly: dangerous, have to carry
3 wings around
a present perfect (none from any time in my 2
life)
The Arctic tern (96,000 km); The sooty
b past simple (finished time – I went on shearwater (64,000 km); The northern
holiday once and it wasn’t terrible) wheatear (29,000 km); Adelie penguins
(13,000 km); barn swallow (10,000 km)
5
3
1 ’ve ever made
Sample answers

Students should predict words from the 7 set off
infographic: stay, fly, distances, mate, breed,
8
travel, find food, migrate/migration, summer,
winter, spring, coasts 1 travelling
Other words they may suggest: go/head 2 travelling
south, climate change, weather patterns, tail,
3 to travel
feathers
4 travelling
4
9
Sample answers
1 spending
2 He mentions most of the words in the
sample answers in Exercise 3. 2 to buy
5 3 to cycle
4 to ride
Humans Birds 5 to come
food airline food flies 6 to get
cost expensive free 7 to join
luggage bags no 8 to take
luggage 9 cycling
time clocks/timetables swallow 10 going
time
11 doing
documents passport none
12 to stay
maps GPS, directions go
south 10
1 check in 6D
2 take off 1
3 security Sample answer
4 land The person listening has not understood even
5 board though both speak English. This may be
because the speaker has a strong accent,
6 gate speaks fast, or uses words which are too high
7 abroad level for the listener (e.g. annoying). It may
be because the listener wasn’t concentrating
8 set off or paying attention.
9 queue 2
7 conversation 1 - the accent, speaking too fast
1 queue, check in conversation 2 – using difficult words,
2 security speaking too slowly
3 gate 3
4 abroad Sample answers
5 takes off, lands 2a Possible answers: finding the right words,
pronouncing and stressing words correctly,
6 board

using intonation to sound polite or show Is there a discount for those who have their
emotion. own skates?
2b Hearing fast speech, or speech with flat Similar questions:
intonation, understanding high level words
and idioms, understanding when somebody is
being ironic, funny, etc. 3
3 embarrassed, anxious, self-critical, etc. 1 Daliah
4 2 Harry
Students’ own answers 3 Harry
5 4 Daliah
1, 3, 7 and 8 5 Harry
6–7 4
Students’ own answers First email = informal, second email = formal
8 Parts of email that help you decide:
Dialogue 1: /r/ and /l/ Coming on a tour; Hi; How's things? Your
sister …; What a great idea!; we'd love to
Dialogue 2: /p/ and /b/
come; I hope we can …; Love,; Antwerp to
Dialogue 3: /b/ and /v/ Amsterdam tour booking; Dear; I saw your
advert online …; would like to; I am; Could
9–11
you tell me; available; reduce; I would like to
Students’ own answers …; if possible; online; including; is there a
discount for those who have …; kind regards
6E
5
1 Sample answers
Sample answers Suitable:
Do you have a single or twin room available? roller skating trip (semi-formal so both could
How much is a double room? use)
Is there a good restaurant nearby? new business (suitable for Daliah as a friend,
not suitable for Harry because he doesn’t
Is breakfast included? know Hardeep)
Can I leave my luggage here? 2-day roller skating trip (Harry could use as it
What time do we leave? is formal, but it doesn’t summarize Daliah’s
email)
Is there air conditioning on the train?
city tour (OK for Daliah, doesn’t summarize
2 Harry’s email)
Questions: Not suitable:
How’s things? old friend, train to Brussels, discounts,
When and where do they start and how much carrying food and water
do they cost? I want to go on a trip with your travel
Could you tell me what dates are available company (too long)
and where we will stay? 6
What should I bring with me? 1 formal (longer words – e.g. provide – and
Do I need to carry all my water and food? sentences)
Also, what time will we set off?

2 formal (no contractions: I would; longer Kevlar – a material used in tyres, boats,
sentences) brakes, safety clothing (hard hats and
boots)
3 informal (contractions: I’m; feelings:
excited; the question is very familiar – to a Tactile paving – helps visually impaired
friend) people walk along the street / use public
transport.
4 formal (no contractions: I am; polite
request) Post-it® Notes – for notes and for keeping
places in books.
5 informal (feelings: brilliant; the question is
very familiar – to a friend) Alexa – helps people buy things online /
turn on music.
7–10
2 Where do you think the inventors got the
idea for each product?
UNIT 7 Windscreen wiper – tram had to keep
stopping so driver could clean snow from
OPENER windscreen.
1 Kevlar – by accident – trying to improve
tyres
Sample answers
Tactile paving – friend lost sight and
2 The title and material suggest that the inventor wanted to help
artwork is a warning about the future. If
we continue to pollute the environment, a Post-it® Notes – by accident – trying to
disaster will happen. make a really strong glue for the plane
industry
2
Alexa – Star Trek TV programme.
1 her parents and seeing plastic on the
beach 4
2 She's a marine scientist. 1 Rohit Prasad
3 Say no to plastic bottles. 2 Arthur Fry
3 3 Charlotte Bridgwood
Students' own answers 4 Seiichi Miyake
5 Stephanie Kwolek
7A
5
1
windscreen: Its large front window
Don’t give answers yet – see Exercise 3.
Alexa: one of many home assistants, such as
2 Apple’s Homepod and Google Home, which
1 wipe help people to turn on music, find
information and buy things online tactile
2 glue paving: raised yellow paving blocks
3 create Kevlar: – a very light plastic material, which is
4 accidentally five times stronger than the strongest metal
and doesn’t catch fire.
5 weak
adhesive: a really strong glue
3
6
1 What does each invention do?
1 Kevlar, tactile paving, Post-it® Notes:
Windscreen wiper – cleans front window 1965, 1967, 1968
on a vehicle so driver can see when it’s
raining or snowing.

2 newest: Alexa (2014), oldest: windscreen 2
wipers (1902)
In the photo, the man is in a library opened
3 Post-it® Notes, Kevlar by Turkish waste collectors for the local
community.
4 Windscreen wipers: Charlotte Bridgwood
improved the design; Post-it® Notes: Alem is inspired by the story because it has
Arthur Fry used Spencer Silver’s glue helped the local community.
5 windscreen wipers, tactile paving, Kevlar Beatriz is inspired by a place (Lake Falkner in
Argentina).
7
Zena is inspired by a person (who runs
Sample answers
triathlons) and her book (her name is Edwina
1 Mary, Charlotte and Stephanie were Brocklesby).
women inventors at a time when it was
3
unusual for women to be making
inventions. 1 thing (that)
2 Kevlar and Post-it® Notes are used for 2 place (where)
something the inventors didn’t intend
3 person (who)
them to be used for.
4
3 Stephanie, Spencer, Arthur and Rohit were
working for companies when they made 1 which
their inventions.
2 who
4 Vehicles use windscreen wipers and
3 which
Kevlar.
4 where
8–9
5 that
6 which
10
5
Sample answers
1 ______ is an amazing person who (or that)
Here are some ideas:
taught me so much.
1 a microwave that cools things down
2 ______ is a book which (or that) I think
instead of heating things up
you should read.
2 medicine that is really tasty
3 ______ is a place where I like to go and
3 completely waterproof mobile phones relax.
4 ketchup that you can easily remove from 4 ______ is a food which (or that) I eat every
your clothes day.
5 windscreen wipers for glasses 5 ______ has a spectacular view which (or
that) you need to see.
7B
6
1 1 which/that
Sample answers 2 who/that
Students may suggest: The man is in a library, 3 where
choosing a book. Perhaps they were inspired
by a book / by learning to read / by studying 4 which/that
in a library 7– 10
Answers are provided after Exercise 2. Students’ own answers

7C 7
1 1a 2b
Sample answers 8
shopping bags, sweet wrappers, food 1 I didn’t used to – use
packaging, plastic tubes (e.g. for toothpaste), 2 throwing – throw
children’s toys, bottles, crisp packets, plastic
cups and stirrers 3 Did you used – use
2 4 He use to – used to
plastic products 5 I use eat – use to eat
3 9
Sample answers Students’ own answers
The man is wearing rubber gloves and there 10
is a lot of plastic rubbish, so he is probably 1 I used to swim in the river.
cleaning the beach. The connection between
the photo and infographic is that Afroz is 2 How did you use to travel?
dealing with the problem described in the 3 I didn’t use to reuse my bags.
infographic. On the audio, Marjan tells us
that Afroz cleaned the beach by himself – it 11–12
wasn’t his job. Students’ own answers
4
7D
1 Litter on the cycle path along the river.
1
2 Afroz Shah and 1,000 other people
including politicians, famous actors and Sample answers
actresses and schoolchildren.
2 Ideas: telling them how good my idea is,
3 To respect the environment and put offering to do something they want to do,
things in bins. To reduce their plastic being enthusiastic about my idea, listening
usage and reuse things instead of using to their view first
them once and throwing them away.
2
4 Use wooden toothbrushes, reuse water
1C 2E 3A 4D 5B
bottles and bags, use bars of soap instead
of shower gel. 3
5 Clean up the cycle path by the river. Sample answers
5 Insist – say their ideas are best, argue until
they get their way
1 reduce
Reason – say why it’s the best option, use
2 rubbish
facts to make others agree
3 recycle
Discuss – how to do something that’s good
4 environment for both of you, talk about it and agree so
that you both get what you want
5 pollution
Connect – show you understand what’s
6 care about
important to them, so they might agree to do
7 reuse what you are suggesting
8 planet Inspire – talk about something so excitedly it
makes someone else want to do it, tell a story
6
that encourages someone to try something

In the follow-up task, students may suggest Example language:
individuals they could use the styles with.
I think it’d be much better if you parked
Insisting may work best with close friends,
elsewhere. / What do you think about
while connecting and reasoning may work
parking in front of your house?
best with people you know less well.
4 Reason, Discuss, Inspire, Connect
4
Example language:
1 inspire
Wouldn’t it be great to get really fit. / I know
2 discuss
you would really enjoy joining.
3 reason
5 Discuss, Connect
4 inspire
Example language:
5 discuss
I’m happy to make sandwiches if you do
6 insist coffee.
7 connect 6 Reason, Inspire, Connect
8 reason Example language:
9 insist We’re going to make biscuits when we get
home and then you can eat them all!
10 connect
9
5
6 7E
1 inspire 1
2 insist A role model is someone who inspires you.
3 reason They could be someone you know, or a
famous person.
4 insist
2
5 connect
He has made nature documentaries all over
6 discuss the world, taught millions of people about
7 animals, plants, birds and the climate crisis.
He makes everything interesting and easy to
Students' own answers understand. He has helped protect many
8 animals.
Sample answers 3
1 Reason, Discuss or perhaps Connect A4 B1 C3 D2
Example language: 4
I read this article and it’s important that we 1c 2d 3a 4b

eat healthier snacks. / I know that you believe 5–11
in a healthy workplace, so I think this idea will
... Students’ own answers
2 Insist, Discuss, Inspire, Connect UNIT 8

Example language:
OPENER
Wouldn’t it be great to help Jo? / I think you
would really enjoy giving someone a chance. 1
3 Insist, Reason, Discuss, Connect Students’ own answers

2 2 supermarket cashiers, ticket sellers at
stations, check-in staff at airports
1 Rubén is a photographer, Anna is a
research scientist / environmental 3 more people working from home,
microbiologist. machines taking over jobs; more people
needed to make or fix machines in future
2 Rubén – Solar portraits – taking photos of
people with no electricity using solar- 4 More people will be needed to help
powered lights. companies make their businesses and
buildings greener – recycling and
Anne – Glaciers in South Georgia – lots of
transport
life in a glacier
4
3 Rubén – 770 million people don’t have
electricity; Anne – climate change is 1 computer programmers, recycling
melting glaciers. workers, teachers, healthcare workers,
engineers
3
2 postal workers, bank tellers, factory
workers, vegetable pickers
8A 3 Machines could replace 14% of jobs, 32%
of jobs could change a lot because of
1 technology.
1 Lamplighters lit gas street lights every 4 More ‘green’ environmental jobs as we
evening in cities, switchboard operators use more green energy and less oil or gas
connected telephone callers and carriage – more jobs in wind, biofuel, solar and
drivers drove passengers in a horse and hydro power.
carriage.
5
2 No. Electricity replaced lamplighters,
computers replaced telephone operators, 1 I
cars replaced carriage drivers (though 2 A
some countries still use them for tourism,
or special occasions) 3 A
3 See extra activity below. Common jobs to 4 B
have changed include secretary (now a PA 5 A
whose job is to organize, not take
dictation and type) and designer (who 6
works on a computer not on paper). 1 Improved technology
2 2 working from home, flexible work hours
Main message of infographic: changes in jobs 3 technology
– some will disappear, some will be safe; also
how technology, a growing population and 4 healthcare jobs are safe
green energy will change jobs 5 more doctors, nurses and social care
Article: changes in jobs – how and why jobs workers needed
have changed in the past, and will change in 6 climate change
the future, and how to keep your job safe
7 more cyclists and electric cars
The messages are similar in that they are
about changes. The text gives more detail 8 always have a job
and reasons while the infographic gives more 7
statistics and numbers.
3
8
1 healthcare workers, (environmental jobs),
electric car mechanics, bike mechanics Sample answers

delivery driver = In the future, people will 4
order more things online so there will be a
How: by living on an organic farm and
greater need for delivery drivers – however,
exchanging his services for his rent and
there is a possibility that they could be
somewhere to grow food
replaced by drones.
Why: because he cared about the
dental nurse = Nursing is a caring job, so it
environment and was interested in the idea
should be safe, but there may be aspects of
of exchanging services not money
the job that could be done by machines.
5
lawyer = unlikely to be replaced for serious
situations – they give expert personalized We use lived in the first part because it refers
advice and listen to clients. However, for to a completed period in the past, we use has
routine work they might be replaced by an lived in the second clause because it refers to
online advice lawyer which could be a robot a time that began in the past but still
continues in the present.
parking attendant = They could disappear as
cameras photograph you arriving and leaving 6
a car park and people pay parking tickets
present perfect
online. In the future, cars could be tracked by
GPS, apps or cameras in the street. has lived, has always been, has written, has
chosen, have had, has motivated
website designer = People can design their
own websites using software, but there will Past simple
still be a need for designers to design these
lived, grew up, studied, finished, moved,
websites, or websites for big companies. So,
managed, decided, bought, started,
they are unlikely to be replaced, but basic,
exchanged, needed, wrote, gave
uncreative website design could be done by a
robot. 7
1 has completely changed
8B
2 left
1
3 sold
Sample answers
4 has been
Students may suggest:
5 has also climbed
1 Every day: bus fare, petrol, lunch; every
week: gym, night out with friends, cinema, 6 has had
supermarket shopping; every month: rent, 7 walked
new clothes, weekend away, bills
8 has written
2 gambling, clothes you don’t need, too
much chocolate 9 has made/made
2 10 has had
1 community 11 was
2 tyre 8
3 organic Students' own answers
4 exchange 9
5 economics 1 Have you ever lived …
6 caravan 2 … who has earned money …
3 3 Have you ever taken … has changed their
life …
4 Has anyone done …

5 … have you spoken … Current job – research scientist at Natural
History Museum
6 … have you been …
Adult dream job – research scientist,
7 … have given up their jobs …
astronaut
10–11
Interests – hieroglyphs (Egyptian text), Egypt,
Students’ own answers wants to travel to Egypt
Childhood dream job – Egyptologist – study
8C
Egypt
1 Past work experience – admin and research
Students’ own answers assistant
2 Education – Germany – biology, Australia –
science/English, Canada – science
1 hairdresser
6
2 accountant
3 biologist
7
4 admin assistant
1 You are asking about something that you
5 journalist expect to happen.
6 instructor 2 You finished it very recently.
7 politician 3 You finished it, perhaps sooner than
8 researcher expected.
3 8
1 Common occupation endings = -ist, -ant, - 1 yet
er, -or, -ian 2 just
2 Possible jobs students might list: 3 already
-ist = artist, psychologist, receptionist, 4 yet
archaeologist, geologist, pianist, chemist,
pharmacist, dentist 5 just
-ant = shop assistant, flight attendant 6 already
-er = teacher, taxi driver, firefighter, office 9
worker, police officer, engineer, farmer, Students’ own answers
manager, writer, waiter, cleaner, plumber,
sports player, soldier, reporter, painter, 8D
gardener, builder, baker, dancer,
computer programmer, web designer 1
-or = actor, supervisor, doctor, professor Sample answers
-ian = librarian, beautician, optician, 1 Students may argue both ways. In person,
magician, electrician you have the advantage of interacting –
you can shake hands, smile, make eye
3 -er is the most common
contact, and you have the interviewer’s
4 attention. Online, you have the advantage
of being in your own environment – you
research scientist, admin assistant, research
can control your environment, you may
assistant, researcher, Egyptologist, astronaut
feel less nervous.
5
3 Ideas include: practise answering
Sample answers questions, get to know as much as

possible about the company and the job, 4 My study skills are getting better.
prepare things to ask, dress professionally,
5 I am developing my organization skills.
buy new, smart clothes, get a haircut
6
4 Ideas include: some jobs expect formal
clothes and attitude (e.g. accountant, Students' own answers
lawyer, sales manager) whereas others
7
don’t (e.g. creative jobs like design); there
will be a relaxed friendly approach to Sample answers
interviewing for part-time, casual work
1 Because I’m interested in … / I’m
(e.g. a summer job in a bar) whereas
confident with … / I’m really good at …
senior company positions will involve
formal, demanding interview procedures 2 Yes. Once / Last year, I trained … to …
2 3 Once / In my last job, I …
Sample answers 4 I have experience of … / I’m currently
learning more about …
Quote 1 – In their country brown shoes are
smart, but in the country they interviewed 5 Once / In my last job, I …
they have to be black, grey or dark blue.
6 I am a hardworking/organized/reliable
Quote 2 – Long application process and very team member
formal.
7 Once / In my last job, I …
Quote 3 – Used roleplay at the interview –
8
embarrassing.
Quote 4 – Their CV was too long.
9
Quote 5 – Informal when they expected
formal. 1 … you/w/apply …
3 2 … you/w/ever …
be positive 3 … me/j/an … … you/w/improved …
4 4 … you/w/offer?
Sample answers 5 … me/j/about … you/w/organized …
1 Be positive. 6 … me/j/about …
2 Find interview questions online. Practise 7 … you/w/ever …
answering them.
10
3 Act confident. Stand up straight, make eye
contact, smile. Think about all your good
qualities.
8E
4 Say you’re learning how to do it or talk
about the things you can do. 1
5 Ask for time to think about your answer Every country, organization and industry is
(but not too long). different. CVs should be tailored to each job
application. Some countries may require
5 professional photos, others not. Students
Sample answers may make languages prominent to present
their skills, or omit if not relevant for the job
2 I am improving my ability to sell/promote role. Hobbies and interests listed should
myself. make you sound motivated. Avoid ‘watching
3 I am getting more confident with speaking TV’ or ‘reading social media’.
in public.

2 3 He does something that makes him smile
before going to sleep – playing with his
Skills: photography, public speaking, training,
kids, telling jokes, singing or walking.
3D animation, team working, organization,
management, languages, intercultural 3
communication
Experience: photographer, public speaker,
designer of video games, managed projects, 9A
trained new employees
1
Qualifications: Bachelor’s degree (BA) in
Fine/Studio Arts Sample answers
3 Advantages: pain hurts so it’s good not to feel

it; you can take more risks and do dangerous
1c (Projects include; I speak; I have excellent) things; you don’t need painkillers
2a (I have exhibited / presented / published) Disadvantages: you don’t know if you have
3b (worked / organized / managed / trained) damaged your body and need medical help;
you are too brave and might put yourself in a
4 dangerous situation; you don’t know if you
I am visiting – visit are ill
colour's – colours 2
acounting – accounting 1 suffer
I speak English and Hindi – information in 2 treat

wrong section 3 anxiety
5 4 in a good mood
Unnecessary information – I prepared 5 wound
delicious meals in a 120-seat restaurant.
6 heal
6–11
7 painkiller
8 operation
UNIT 9 9 extraordinary
10 hip
OPENER
3
1
Advantages: she has given birth and had
1 A forest of pine trees; somebody is operations without needing painkillers; she
walking up through the trees wearing cuts herself regularly, but her wounds heal
warm clothes and a hat; it’s very green; very quickly; also she feels no fear; is calm
it’s on a steep hill after accidents; is never depressed,
2–3 Students' own answers frightened or anxious – is always in a good
mood
2
Disadvantages: because she wasn’t suffering
1 On work trips, he relaxes with his team pain, no one realized how serious her hip
after work. In the office, he listens to problem was; she doesn’t know when there is
music (especially classical) or goes for a danger or when the body has a problem (and
walk. has badly cut and burnt herself); she is
2 To stay calm, he asks himself if he can do forgetful because of her condition (forgetful =
anything (about the situation). If he can’t, she doesn’t remember things)
he relaxes. If he can, he does what he can
to fix it.

4 1 headache: Put your feet in hot water; wrap
damp cloths around your head; burn sweet-
1 When she burned herself on her oven.
smelling wood
When her hip got really bad.
2 toothache: Use saltwater; put ice in your
2 When she was having her children.
hand; use oil of cloves on your tooth; eat
3 When she had a minor car crash and the garlic or ginger
other driver was very upset and she was
3 stomach ache: Take a bath; eat mint, rice or
calm.
bananas; drink tea
4 She had tests that showed her levels were
4 backache: Lie down on a hard floor; do
zero.
yoga; take a bath in salt water
5 Scientists believe her condition will help
5 a sore throat: Drink tea with honey; use salt
them produce better painkillers and
water or soda water
treatments for anxiety, PTSD and wounds.
6 sore muscles: A cold bath; a massage; a
5
long rest
Sample answers
7 a cut: Put coconut oil, honey or garlic on it
1 Probably yes. It’s surprising that Jo didn’t
8 a burn: Run cold water over it; cover it with
have an accident, illness or experience
honey
earlier in her life that made her realize her
condition. 9 an insect sting: Put ice on it; use garlic,
honey, onion salt or vinegar
2 Surprised. But, if you had Jo’s condition,
you would be calm and positive about it. 10 sunburn: Take a cold shower; take a bath
with oatmeal in it
3 It hasn’t changed Jo’s life much. But for
some, it might – they could become
9B
famous, work with science, or become an
adventurer and do dangerous things. 1–2
4 More advantages. She is happy and Students’ own answers
healthy, helping science, and has had no
negative experiences, and not suffered 3
any pain even when she had a baby. Advantages of doing nothing:
6 allows her to slow down, feels great, helps
Sample answers her relax, makes her more creative
Living with no fear: Things to do when 'doing nothing':
Advantages: you can do brave, dangerous read a book in bed, have a good breakfast,
things; you will feel calm in scary situations dance and sing to herself
(e.g. road accidents); you won’t feel nervous 4
about tests
Disadvantages: you might take too many
risks; you won’t have experiences of 5
excitement in scary situations that others 1 If I got a pound every time someone says ‘I
have (e.g. when skydiving) can’t relax’, I’d be rich.
7 2 If I didn’t slow down sometimes, I’d get ill!
Students' own answers 3 I’d be bored, if I just sat around all day!
8 4 I wouldn’t have so many ideas for my blog
Sample answers posts if I wasn’t bored at times!
Here are some traditional ways of dealing 5 If I didn’t schedule ‘me time’, I’d probably
with these problems without medicine: start doing something!

6 2
1 If she worried less, she would/’d sleep He didn’t drink enough water or sleep
better. enough and got heatstroke; he says exercise,
healthy food and drinking water are
2 If I didn’t have exams soon, I would/’d
important.
have more time to see you.
3
3 They would/’d see their family more, if
they moved to Delhi. 1 True – (in pretty good shape)
4 If you didn’t go out every night, you 2 False – (I think about what I eat and I try
would/’d have a lot more money. to eat a bit less. I also try to be sensible
about sleeping … and drinking)
5 We would/’d sail every weekend, if we
had our own boat. 3 False – (went to hospital with heatstroke)
6 If I lived by the beach, I would/’d swim all 4 True (lemon and sugar, jam or Nutella)
the time.
5 True – (‘What you eat is important, so is
7 I wouldn’t rent a top-floor flat if it didn’t when’. … ‘you must eat when it’s time’. …
have a lift. ‘you shouldn’t ignore your body’)
7 6 False – (could be climbing stairs or
cleaning)
Sample answers
7 True – (lots of scary times when animals
1 I think I’d have better ideas / feel more
might have attacked him, but ‘I’ve always
relaxed, if I spent more time doing
been OK’)
nothing.
4
2 If I played video games all day, I would feel
bored / would get better at solving 1 got
problems.
2 had
3 If I practised more / studied more, I would
3 felt
speak English really well.
4 stay
4 If I moved to another country, I wouldn’t
enjoy the food / miss here very much. 5` prevent
5 If I ate less meat, I would feel better / 6 take
would save money.
5
6 I wouldn’t feel so stressed if I weren’t so
busy.
6
8
1 mustn’t (it’s very serious so we wouldn’t
use shouldn’t here)
9C 2 don’t have to (it’s not necessary because I
intend to do it)
1
7
1 Move – visit colleagues’ desks instead of
emailing; Relax – switch off screen and 1 You should wear a raincoat.
leave desk for breaks; Sit – facing screen 2 You don’t have to go to the doctor. Just
with feet touching floor rest.
2 Eat healthy food and pack your own lunch; 3 You have to/must wash your hands.
Drink three to four bottles of water a day
(from a reusable bottle). 4 You should eat five vegetables or pieces of
fruit a day.
5 You shouldn’t go to bed late.

6 You mustn’t phone an ambulance if it’s 4 Ask for more time.
not an emergency!
5 It shows you are busy rather than not
8 wanting to help and shows you’ve thought
about it carefully (more trust).
6 It can look like you’re making excuses.
9
3
1 /ɔː/
Sample answers
2 /ɒ/
All good reasons (depending on people and
3 /ɔː/
situation) except for 4 (too vague – help with
4 /ɔː/ what?) and 5 (too specific - cleaning a
cupboard not essential)
5 /ɒ/
4
6 /ɒ/
Sample answers
7 /ɔː/
Situation 1: You are away
8 /ɒ/
Situation 2: You are busy at work / having
10
dinner
Sample answers
Situation 3: You have too much work / a
Go to bed early / work fewer hours; get a family crisis
hobby / join a club; run with other people /
Situation 4: You have to study
get a coach; look online / ask friends
5
9D
1 6
Sample answers All ‘t’s are weak and difficult to hear.
2 embarrassed, rude, unfriendly 7
3 by making an excuse / saying sorry / very 1 yes
directly / with a smile / by suggesting
something else 2 yes
4 In some countries, refusing to help a 3 no
family member could be rude, in some 4 no
you shouldn’t say ‘no’ to a guest in your
house; it may be rude to say ‘no’ to an 5 no
invitation (e.g. to a party, wedding, etc.) 8–9
1 Because we want to keep everyone happy,
we don’t want to feel bad, we want to be 9E
helpful or because we want others to
1
think that we are good people.
Sample answers
2 If you say ‘yes’ but don’t mean it, it can be
stressful and you might end up cancelling Go with your students’ ideas. Some may be
at the last minute. cynical about the concept and others may
have cultural or religious views which go
3 People trust you more (better than
against the idea that our individual actions
cancelling at last minute, feeling stressed
influence our lives.
or doing a bad job), otherwise people
might start to think you are unreliable.

2 Feelings: Feels lucky
Sample answers Reasons: reminds her how incredible nature
is
3 It can make you feel good / happy; you
can achieve difficult things by being positive; Senses: vegetables taste better, smell of
being positive can make you healthy jasmine
3 Details: planted jasmine bush, will smell
incredible
Sample answers
Friday
Other things that could help: take a bath,
Feelings: thankful, relaxed, calm
eat comfort food, go for a long walk, do your
hobby Reasons: if she didn’t do yoga, she would be
much less calm
4
Senses: -
All items should be ticked apart from item 3.
Details: fell asleep at the end
1 nephew
6
2 piano playing
1 This makes time their time together more
4 piano, gardening, yoga
special.
5 garden
2 This is a great opportunity to play the
6 piano piano or do yoga.
7 yoga, coffee 3 She can drink coffee.
8 ‘Happy’ by Pharrell Williams 4 It’s fun and rewarding to work hard to
grow vegetables, which always taste
5
better.
Monday
7
Feelings: grateful, not serious
Sample answers
Reasons: he makes me remember how
1 I don’t have to go to work. / I’ll have a
important it is to not be too serious Senses:
lovely day at home to relax.
hear her nephew’s laugh
2 We can have a delicious lunch at home.
Details: nephew, two years old
3 She can look for a better job now.
Tuesday
4 I had some quiet time to listen to the
Feelings: glad, happy
radio and think about things.
Reasons: likes playing piano because it stops
5 I can have a great holiday in my country.
her worrying
8–12
Senses: hear piano
Details: played ‘Happy’ by Pharrell Williams
Wednesday UNIT 10
Feelings: Favourite moment, love sitting
Reasons: smells and tastes good OPENER
Senses: smell and taste coffee, feel hot cup in 1

hands Sample answers
Details: drink every morning, favourite part of 1 A musical band; they are wearing colourful
day costumes and playing different
Thursday instruments

2 happy, excited, exhausted 5
3 buskers singing, jugglers, hip hop dancers, 1 A long time ago (= start of a story –
mime artists compare: Once upon a time, Many years
ago, etc.)
2
2 First (= 2, 3 and 4 are a sequence: First …
1 rock, metal and techno
Next … Finally … – compare: second, then)
2 once or twice a month
3 Next
3 Someone asked Andrej what the name of
4 Finally
the band was and he said 'Who cares?'.
It's also the drummer's nickname. 5 After a while (= signalling that time has
passed – compare: later, later that day,
3
the next day)
6 As soon as / When (best answer is as soon
as because the two actions happen at the
10A
same time)
Sample answers 7 The next day
1 Picture 1 shows three women in a tropical 8 When / As soon as (notice that these two
forest in a country in the far east. Perhaps time expressions introduce a clause: When
three sisters or a mother and two he … , he …)
daughters. One woman has a bowl with
jewels. 6
Picture 2 shows a spider climbing a plant, 1 Tiger story
holding a (clay) pot. 2 Anansi story
2 3 Bawang story
1 folk 7–9
2 greedy Students' own answers
3 jewellery
10B
4 jealous
1
5 hide
6 realized
2
3
Malee – told jokes; Kofi – cousin’s child sang;
1 Bawang
Nam – played music
2 Both
3
3 Anansi
1 Malee practised a lot.
4 Both
2 Kofi and Nam’s families were in the
5 Bawang audience.
6 Anansi 3 Malee and Nam spoke about themselves
performing on stage.
4
4 Malee loved telling jokes (as soon as she
Time expressions:
had relaxed).
one day, when, until, when, after a while,
5 Kofi hadn’t planned it (it was an accident).
when, as soon as, once upon a time, when,
after some time, in the end 6 Nam didn’t play very loudly (he made no
sound as he didn’t play at all).

4 4
1 'd practised 2 felt 1 animation
5 2 drama
1 I’d forgotten all my jokes! 3 mystery
2 I’d written a few notes 4 science fiction
3 had hidden under the table. 5 romantic comedy
4 He had obviously thought the big party 6 series
was for our birthday.
7 scene
5 I hadn’t learned the songs.
8 director
6 As soon as the concert had finished
9 star
6
10 plot
1 c 2 e 3 d 4 f 5a 6 g 7 b
3, 4 and 10 can also be used to talk about a
7 book
The full form is easier to understand. 6
9 A dome: because it is the first time the dome
is mentioned
Sample answers
The dome: because the dome has already
2 had forgotten the words
been mentioned – it is the second time we
3 hadn’t been funny talk about it, so we know which dome we are
4 had passed my exam talking about.
5 he had left it at home 7
10–11 1 –
Students’ own answers 2 –
3 a
10C
4 a
1–2
5 a
6 The
3
7 –
Only the Brave: film about firefighters in the
US 8 The
The Shawshank Redemption: a classic film he 9 a
loves 10 an
Lost: mystery TV series – desert island 11 the
Stephen King: science fiction – writes books, 8–9
stories, movies, TV series
Under the Dome: town under a dome with no
radio or electricity
books: only reads fiction – he spends a lot of
time reading at work

10D 10E
1 1
Sample answers Students’ own answers
1 All possible 2
2 reliable, a good listener, fun to be with Sample answer
3 The friends seem to have a good sense of The reviewer loved it. She totally
humour and shared interests. They are recommends it. (She uses the words amazing,
happy together. fantastic and perfect to describe it)
2 3
Students' own answers 1 F (I had watched Disney’s classic animated
film many times / The story in the stage
3
show is the same as the films)
1 Makes us happier, more confident, creates
2 T (their costumes were incredible)
opportunities
3 F (one dancer for each leg)
2 They need care and attention. It’s
important to share feelings, 4 T
care/understanding, tell them what you
5 F (Uncle Scar is jealous … so scares him
like about them, tell them you’ve missed
away)
them etc., give time/contact, create
opportunities for shared experiences, 6 F (a bit different)
show thanks,
7 T (fantastic: so much energy / the most
3 someone whose company you enjoy, wonderful voice)
honest, reliable, kind, good listener,
8 F (the annoying person in front of me who
someone who shows they
chatted noisily to their friend)
care/understand
4
4 many people have busy lives, but
technology can help – video calls, etc. in my view … , for me …
4 5
Students’ own answers Positive -, exciting, incredible, amazing,
powerful, fantastic, wonderful, perfect
5
Negative – jealous, annoying
1 good
Other adjectives: spectacular, surprising,
2 doing
shocking, brilliant, colourful
3 fancy
UNIT 11
4 kind
5 up for it OPENER
6 catch up 1
7 1 finishing the final writing of her PhD on
stressed, Stratford, street, straight time
8–9 2 She lives in London: expensive/difficult to
know what to wear/cycling is dangerous

3 She has found cheaper but good 5
restaurants. She has found good deals for
1 False – People also like sharing other
cinema and theatre. She takes changes of
people’s pain.
clothing and wears thin clothes. She plans
her routes and wears very bright clothes. 2 False – They thought it wasted water –
rice empty bucket challenge
3
3 True – She says: we should do something
fun that could go viral online. Then the
council can see the community really
11A
wants it.
1 4 False – Dhano1982 challenged him.
Sample answers 6
The ice bucket challenge involves pouring ice Sample answers
cold water from a bucket over your head,
then challenging other people to do the 1 Challenges mentioned: posting photos,
same. Other popular social media challenges: eating something disgusting, sharing a no
make-up selfie, ice bucket challenge (rice,
1 superhero bin day – dress as a superhero soapy or empty bucket challenge), selfies
then take out the rubbish looking really hot and red-faced after
2 patience challenge – put a bowl of sweets exercise.
in front of your young child, tell them not Students may feel they are funny, silly or
to eat them, then film them while they try embarrassing. They may feel some are
not to pointless and self-centred. Some may say
3 dress like a painting – dress up like your they are for a good cause, or raising
favourite painting and put the photo important issues.
online 3 They might be: Good for raising money,
2 Celebrities join in, Good for raising issues
or creating talking points
1 raise
4 Possible response: selfies of people
2 go viral miming using gym equipment
3 tag 7–8
4 waste Students' own answers
5 have access to
11B
6 donate
1
3
Sample answers
emails and social media posts often have the
names of the sender/recipient at the top; 2 Physical challenges: running a race (e.g. a
they can be formal but are more often marathon); long-distance walking (e.g.
written in informal language, often coast to coast path); learning to ski,
accompanied by exclamation marks, waterski, surf, etc.
emoticons and gifs (short, animated images)
3 Mental challenges: getting better after
4 serious illness; working hard to complete a
course, pass an exam, etc.
1 A, G – for online readers
2
2 D, F – for news readers
learning to walk again, climbing highest
3 C, H – for Juliana
mountain in Wales, climbing a 6,500-metre
4 B, E – for friends and online friends mountain in Nepal, climbing world’s tallest

mountain by climbing stairs, opening a 9
charity
3
11C
1 They would never walk again.
2 The woman who is now his wife. 1
3 He was walking with a stick. 1 4.4°C for 15–30 minutes. Ice water divers
need a dry suit to stay in for 30 minutes.
4 His body can do new movements. Anne Bågenholm survived for 80 minutes
5 He had loved it, despite it sometimes after an accident. Body temperature must
being painful and boring. be over 21°C.
4 2 Most people need oxygen at heights over

4,572 metres. 200 have climbed 8,848m
1 said without oxygen.
2 told 3 Most people can go without air for two to
5 three minutes. Herbert Nitsch can hold his
breath for nine minutes.
1 said
4 Usually three weeks but one person
2 had also climbed managed 382 days.
3 he’d 5 Usually three to seven days but one
4 could person managed 18 days.
5 was raising 6 Most people: no more than 24 hours.

Randy Gardner managed 11 days.
6 said
2
6
Sample answers
1 He said that everyone was so kind.
1 Introducing a topic, e.g.working in Arctic/
2 She told me/him/us, etc (that) it had been Antarctic – sleep, food, clothes, light
excellent.
2 Contrasting info + example: e.g. sleep,
3 He said (that) he was feeling better. food, clothes, light, temperature
4 She told me, him, us etc (that) my family 3 Contrasting info: e.g. something positive
would be proud. about working in cold (the landscape is
5 He told me, him, us etc (that) she had beautiful)
hated every minute. 4 Contrasting info: e.g. could be warmer at
6 She said (that) she was looking forward to other times
next year. 5 Reason: e.g. I have nothing else to do, it’s
7 light, the light gives me energy
Students' own answers 6 Past info: e.g. I pack, I get ready, I plan
8 3
1 them 1 So I’ll start by talking about the challenges

of my working environment.
2 her
2 it’s really different to our normal
3 him environment because of things like
4 me coldness and the light
The last speaker in each case is easier to 3 Although it’s challenging to work in the
understand. freezing cold, it’s not like you see it in the
movies. But it’s still cold.

4 it can be five, six degrees plus in the 3 future
Arctic. But then in Antarctica, it can be
9
minus five, minus ten outside now.
1 can’t
5 I’m able to work late since the light gives
me energy. 2 not able to
6 Before I go there, I think about what I 3 can
can’t live without.
4 able to
4
5 couldn’t
Washing: Challenge = can’t shower/wash
6 able to
hands; Solution = use baby wipes
7 able to
Food: Challenge = can’t eat normal food;
Solution = eats chocolate, brings food, can 10
eat frozen fruit and vegetables
Water: Challenge = hard to drink enough –
dry air and lots of hiking; Solution = need to 11D
drink lots of liquid
1
Temperature: Challenge = freezing -5°/-10°C;
Solution = wear right clothes, know body Students’ own answers
Working hours: Challenge = long days, works 2

for a few days then sleeps; Solution = stay up 3 stages: 1 (give) background information; 2
late, start work later next day (explain your) goals;
Sleep: Challenge = can feel exhausted – 24 3 challenges (explain what you are finding
hours daylight/long days; Solution = makes difficult and what you need help with).
herself warm + pulls hat over eyes for
darkness Ask someone with the right skills and
experience who wants to help you.
5
3
Students should tick: wearing the right
clothes and sleep 1 B
6 2 C
1g 2e 3d 4b 5a 6f 7c 3 G
7 4 C
Sample answers 5 G
1 amazed (because very surprising) 6 B
2 exhausted (42 km is a marathon – that’s a 7 B

long way to run) 8 G
3 scared (lions can kill) 9 C
4 disappointed (not as good as hoped) 4
5 anxious (very worrying situation) Sample answers
6 delighted (you got something good) Students’ own ideas. Whether students
7 shocked (surprised in a negative way) choose to be direct or indirect depends on
who they are talking to and how big a favour
8 it is. So for example, Would you listen to me
1 present practising my jokes, Mum? might be direct. In
contrast, I was wondering if I could learn by
2 past

watching you perform, Mr Dodd? might be letter B. (Make less personal, use more
indirect formal language, give more factual
information).
5–6
2 The students could use similar words such
as big, bigger, biggest. The teacher timed
7 the class.
1 Would you mind holding my torch? I need (Use less informal language, separate facts
to change the light in the fridge. into separate sentences, avoid personal
pronouns and unnecessary information).
2 You have a huge knowledge of languages.
Could you coach me in German? 5
3 Would you judge our singing competition The purpose of this report …, The challenge
in March? was to see …, Each student had one minute
…, then, After one minute …, In summary, …
4 We don’t know much about science. Do
you know anyone who could teach us? 6
5 Could you possibly watch our things? 1B 2A 3D 4C
We’re doing a swimming challenge for
7
charity.
Sample answer
8
The purpose of this report is to present the
results of a counting challenge. The challenge
for the class was to count to 30 changing
11E
between English and their first language.
1 Most students did the challenge in less than a
Sample answers minute.
On, no, now, know, edge, end, one, done, The average time was 53 seconds.
gone, low, log, long, week, weed, won, glow, Each student could correct and continue if
gold, do, go, led, down, keen, leg, lego, knee, they made a mistake.
owl, nod
The results showed that all students could
Other possible words (but high for your complete the challenge but at different
students’ level): ledge, wed, wedge, dew, speeds.
keel, lode, dole, weld, doe
To summarize, it was a fun challenge, but not
2 easy to do.
exhausted 8–11
1 To make as many words as possible in one
minute from letters in the word UNIT 12
exhausted. Words had to be three letters
or more. They could use the letters in any OPENER
order.
1
2 The number of words each student wrote
and how long the words were. Students’ own answers
3 How many words students could make in 2

ninety seconds. 1I 2I 3I 4I 5B 6P 7B 8P 9P
4 3
1 The challenge was to see how many words Students’ own answers
the class could make beginning with the

12A many sculptures of trainers ... the word
‘many’ suggests they are things he loves)
1
3 junk AND the natural world. (Source: The
1 b microchips looked like insects to her, so
2 Students' own answers she took them home and enjoyed turning
them into ants with her children; ... to
2 produce the beautiful sculptures of
1 junk butterflies, spiders and other bugs that she
makes and sells today).
2 waste
6
3 devices
4 Materials
5 sculpture 12B
6 environmentally friendly 1
7 get rid of One refers to ‘a robot’ in each sentence. The
four things were each created by a robot.
8 pleasure
Don’t reveal answers until after the listening
3
in 2.
1 The article explains how two artists turn
2
unwanted technology (trash) into new
works of art (treasure). one = robot
2 Upcycling is taking something old and 1 300
turning it into something new and useful
2 pen
or attractive (they turn it into art, which
brings pleasure to themselves and to 3 home
others).
4 three / 3
4
5 2018
a: paragraph 3 (When Chappell got some
3
circuit boards from old computers and video
games, the shapes and colours reminded her is used
of nature)
isn’t known
b: paragraph 1 (While recycling old
is turned into
technology can solve part of the problem,
some artists have found a more creative can be formed
solution by upcycling it instead)
have been created
c: paragraph 2 (When Gabriel Dishaw was a
is added
teenager, he did a school project on ‘Junk
Art’, using parts from old machines to make a will be written (by robots)
sculpture of a woman riding a donkey)
4
5
1 was created
Sample answers
2 was taken
1 different from (Source: some artists have
3 were invented
found a more creative solution by
upcycling it instead … i.e. upcycling is 4 have been used
different because it is more creative)
5 was built
2 trainers (Source: His sculptures explore
6 are carried
things that he loves … He has also made
7 will be developed

8 be produced 10
Sentences 3, 4, 6 and 8 were spoken by a 11
computer.
Sample answers
6
1 clean the house; control lighting,
Questions: temperature, etc.; drive the car; order
food
1 Where was it invented?
2 do my job; answer my phone or emails;
2 When was it invented?
cut my hair
3 How is it / can it be used?
3 by doing jobs people don’t want to do; by
4 Where is it often found? doing dangerous jobs (e.g. clearing
landmines); by looking after the elderly or
Student A’s Invention 1
sick; by performing operations; by doing
• It was invented in 1886 in Germany. scientific research
• It is used for travelling around. 4 be president; run the army
• It is often found on roads or in garages.
12C
Student A’s Invention 2
• It was invented in the 1920s in the UK. 1
• It is used for watching programmes. Sample answers
• It is often found in homes and hotels. Tech-Oh no!-logy may be commenting on the
fact that some people find it annoying or
Student B’s Invention 1 harmful that people spend so much time
• It was invented about 2,000 years ago in using technology.
China. In the photo, two young people are engaging
• It is used for writing notes and letters on. with their phones, not talking to each other
or enjoying their surroundings.
• It is often found in offices.
2
Student B’s Invention 2
1 computer
• It was invented in 1876 in the US.
2 internet
• It is used to talk to people in another
place. 3 computer
• It is often found in people’s pockets these 4 internet, computer

days. 5 computer
7–8 6 computer
1 programs – /z/ 4
2 documents – /s/ Sample answers
3 messages – /ɪz/ @ = at; = = equals, same as; > = bigger /
4 laptops – /s/ better than; % = per cent; ... = so, therefore
Note that some further examples are in
5 houses – /ɪz/ Exercise 5, so don’t deal with these here.
6 emails – /z/ 5
abbreviations:

+ = and; → = caused; cos = because; w/ = 12D
with; batts = batteries.
1
1 wind
2 batteries (or abbreviation such as batts)
2
3 power
Sample answers
4 cameras
1 Common reasons: work meetings when
6 people are working from home or in
Sample answers different countries; online presentations;
online lessons; family get-togethers when
Phone = problem? people are far apart
+ use it for everything 3 We are likely to make more video calls:
- use it too much / worry when don’t have it more people working from home; online
meetings; reduce travelling; better
Bad: technology; people more comfortable
ppl don’t talk – just text / email call > 100 with using online technology
messages to understand sthg 3
Future? 1 Rahul
Balance = tech 4 work & fun v. no tech w/ 2 Wendy
friends & family
3 Junko
New tech?
4 Tyler
machine to understand animals cos wants to
understand corals 5 Julio
7 6 Fatimeh
8 Sample answers
Audio 12.6 – might change, may last 1 It’s usually a bad idea to eat or drink
during a video call (although a small glass
Audio 12.7 – could help, will try, could of water is acceptable). It suggests you are
happen not focused on the call. The noise you
9 make can be frustrating. You could speak
with your mouth full – rude in some
1 I think computers will probably become cultures. It is only not a problem in a long
much smaller but more powerful. meeting when all speakers agree to have a
2 Children in the future will possibly have working lunch. Solutions include asking
robot teachers at school. someone not to eat, or switching off the
camera and/or microphone and just
3 People might take rockets, not planes, listening in while eating.
when they go on holiday.
2 Always a problem. Try to move to a
4 People probably won’t ever live on Mars, quieter room so that the noise doesn’t
but it could happen. disturb the other people on the call. Mute
5 If I have enough money, I might buy a new yourself.
phone in a few months. 3 Don’t look away from the screen too often
10–11 because it can give a bad impression to
other people. They may think you are
Students' own answers uninterested, busy with other things, or
not listening. Other possible problems:
Not all of your face is on screen – move

camera; you are dark or light – move Advantages: you can look at many sites and
device so you don’t have light behind you; get a good price, it can be delivered to your
there are distracting things in the home; Disadvantages: you can’t touch the
background – move device so that there is item, no shop assistants to answer questions.
a wall or books behind you.
3
5
A tablet
The first person raises their hand and waits
B cable
for their turn (Narrator: good strategy but the
wave needs to be noticed) C USB drive
The second person uses the features of the D keyboard
video call app (Narrator: a good idea, but you
4
need to make sure that everybody knows
how to use these features) 1B 2A 3A 4B
The third person leans forward and waits for 5
a moment of silence (Narrator: can be good
Online form B follows the advice, but online
but may interrupt a speaker)
form A does not. It repeats information,
The fourth person makes a noise like ‘Um’ or includes information that is not important
’Er’ (Narrator: good because it doesn’t and the writer mentions his or her personal
interrupt other people – but hard to hear; say feelings about the situation.
a short phrase, such as ‘Could I say
6
something?’ and then wait) The fifth person
waits for somebody to ask them (Narrator: Sample answers
OK. Don’t wait too long. The video call might
Cross out: on Tuesday at 11:17 a.m. The
finish)
order number is 2343-5466-ABDS.; This was
6 very disappointing.; This is really frustrating
too. I checked online and I see that other
Sample answers
people have the same problem, so I don’t
1–2 Students' own answers want a replacement tablet.
3 Face to face, learning forward or saying What else to change: I have two problems
‘um’ and ‘er’ or ‘Can I make a point?’ are with this order. First, I paid for next-day
the best strategies. Raising hands and delivery, but the tablet wasn’t delivered until
clicking apps are not appropriate. yesterday. Second, the battery runs out of
power after only three or four hours.
7
7–12
8
1 Allowing and inviting others to speak VOCABULARY REFERENCE
2 Adding your point
UNIT 1
3 Dealing with an interruption
1
9
1 friendly 2 serious 3 confident 4 honest
Students’ own answers 5 creative 6 reliable 7 patient 8 professional
12E UNIT 2
1 1
Students’ own answers 1 art 2 maths 3 chemistry 4 physics 5 PE
2 6 drama 7 geography 8 biology 9 IT
10 history
Sample answers

UNIT 3 UNIT 11
1 1
1 prepare 2 dish 3 vegan 4 allergy 5 serve 1 delighted 2 shocked 3 disappointed
6 delicious 4 anxious 5 scared 6 exhausted 7 amazed
UNIT 4 UNIT 12
1 1
1d 2f 3a 4b 5c 6e 1e 2a 3d 4b 5c
UNIT 5 GRAMMAR REFERENCE

1
1B GRAMMAR: ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
1 disgusting 2 brilliant 3 filthy 4 tiny
5 freezing 6 spectacular 7 enormous 8 awful 1
1 My teacher always gives us homework on
UNIT 6 Fridays.
1 2 I am never late for work.
1 set off 2 queue 3 check in 4 security 3 I don’t often meet my friends at the
5 gate 6 boarded 7 took off 8 landed weekend.
9 abroad
4 We go to the theatre about once or twice
a year.
UNIT 7
5 We eat out a lot.
1
6 I go to a café several times a week.
1 care about 2 planet 3 environment
4 reduce 5 pollution 6 rubbish 7 reuse 1C GRAMMAR: PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT
8 recycle
CONTINUOUS
UNIT 8 2
1 1 ‘m listening 2 are you cooking 3 go; watch
4 know; Do you want 5 ‘s playing; play
1 hairdresser 2 journalist 3 politician
4 accountant 5 researcher 6 admin
2B GRAMMAR: PAST SIMPLE
assistant 7 instructor 8 biologist
1
UNIT 9
1 went 2 had 3 stayed 4 spent 5 learned (or
1 learnt) 6 enjoyed 7 didn’t like 8 were
9 wasn’t 10 didn’t enjoy
1 prevent 2 take 3 have 4 feeling 5 stay
6 got
2C GRAMMAR: MAKING QUESTIONS
UNIT 10 2
1 1 Where are you from?
1 animation 2 scene 3 star 4 drama 2 Why do you like that song?
5 science fiction 6 series 7 plot 8 mysteries
3 Did you enjoy the food?
9 director 10 romantic comedies
4 What was your favourite subject at
school?
5 Where did you go to university?
6 Where do you work now?

7 Does your sister speak English? 5B GRAMMAR: FIRST CONDITIONALS
8 How old is your brother? 2
3B GRAMMAR: PAST SIMPLE AND PAST

1 don’t leave 2 ‘ll miss 3 ‘ll get 4 miss
5 doesn’t pass 6 won’t be
CONTINUOUS
1 5C GRAMMAR: COMPARATIVES AND
SUPERLATIVES
1 fell; was watching
2 saw; were waiting 3
3 were walking; started 1 the best 2 easier 3 quicker than 4 the

worst 5 The biggest 6 more expensive than
4 met; were working 7 the cheapest 8 less crowded than
5 was reading; walked; was
6B GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT (+
3D GRAMMAR: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS EVER/NEVER)
2 1
1 anything 2 Everything 3 Someone; 1 Have you studied
nothing 4 anyone; no-one 5 somewhere 2 I’ve never read
4B GRAMMAR: FUTURE PLANS 3 you’ve ever been
1 4 I’ve been to
1 I’m going to phone 5 I’ve had
2 I’m meeting 6 I’ve ever visited
3 are you going to (are you going to go to is 6C GRAMMAR: VERB PATTERNS: -ING AND TO +
possible, but we often omit go after going INFINITIVE
to)
2
4 We’re going to decide
1 to write 2 to go 3 to see 4 to get
5 we’re meeting (we’re going to meet is also 5 walking / to walk 6 speaking 7 to spend
possible) 8 doing 9 to book
4C GRAMMAR: WILL AND WON’T FOR 7B GRAMMAR: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
PROMISES, OFFERS AND SPONTANEOUS
DECISIONS 1
2 1 I met someone yesterday who says he

knows you.
1 I’ll get it.
2 Did you move the magazine which/that
2 I’ll take you. was on the table?
3 I’ll move it. 3 That’s the person who/that helped me.
4 Will you help me? 4 There’s the restaurant where we ate last
5 I’ll go and buy some. week.
6 I won’t be late. 5 Here’s the book (which/that) you wanted

to borrow.
5B GRAMMAR: ZERO CONDITIONALS
7C GRAMMAR: USED TO
1
2
1 flashes 2 means 3 is 4 answers 5 send
1 I used to eat meat.

2 When I was a child, I used to cycle to 4 If she didn’t need to work, she’d go out
school every day. tonight. / She’d go out tonight if she didn’t
need to work.
3 I used to drink more coffee than I do now.
5 If I were you, I’d look for a new job. / I’d
4 Did there use to be a café here?
look for a new job if I were you.
5 I didn’t use to recycle things.
9C GRAMMAR: MUST, HAVE TO, SHOULD
8B GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST
2
SIMPLE
1 don’t have to 2 should 3 do we have
1 4 shouldn’t 5 mustn’t 6 should
1 Have you ever been
10B GRAMMAR: PAST PERFECT
2 went
1
3 has worked
1 had, hadn’t seen
4 started
2 didn’t join, had already eaten
5 have they been
3 had just left, got
6 got
4 had already left, got, didn’t see
7 Did you see
8 came 10C GRAMMAR: ARTICLES
9 haven’t seen 2
10 saw 1 – 2 the 3 – 4 the 5 the 6 – 7 an 8 a 9 –
10 an 11 a 12 a 13 the 14 The
8C GRAMMAR: YET, JUST AND ALREADY
11B GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH
2
1 A: I’ve just made some food. Do you want 1
any? 1 She said (that) she’d always wanted to be
B: No, thanks. I’ve already eaten / I’ve a doctor.
eaten already. 2 He said (that) there was a nice café in the
2 A: Have you already had your interview / park.
Have you had your interview already? 3 They told me (that) they’d contact me in a
B: No, I haven’t had it yet. It’s tomorrow. few days.
3 A: Have you finished the report yet? 4 She told me (that) she was planning to run
a marathon next month.
B: Yes. In fact, I’ve just sent it to you.
5 He said (that) he had forgotten to do his
9B GRAMMAR: SECOND CONDITIONALS
homework yesterday.
1 11C GRAMMAR: CAN, COULD AND BE ABLE TO

1 If I lived near a train station, I wouldn’t 2
need to drive a lot.
1 have been able to use
2 If I had a coat, I wouldn’t feel cold. / I
wouldn’t feel cold if I had a coat. 2 could use/were able to use
3 If it wasn’t raining, I’d go for a walk. / I’d 3 could cook/were able to cook
go for a walk if it wasn’t raining. 4 can send/are able to send
5 will be able to live

12B GRAMMAR: PASSIVES
1
1 are sold 2 was produced 3 will be made
4 have been used 5 can be seen
12C GRAMMAR: MODALS OF PREDICTION AND

POSSIBILITY
2
1 will
2 may/might/could
3 may/might/could
4 will
5 may/might
6 won’t

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5 paragraph B

Pre-intermediate Student’s Book: Answer key 1

2 several times a week, every day Photo 3: She is fixing a car.

rarely Sample answers

never Being your best self means showing your

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4 She is trying to eat healthy food. 2

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wifes -- wife’s 2 The Philippines as no.1 (her parents are

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Sample answers Nature: plenty of green spaces, can cycle

Students’ own answers 1 is, go

Sample answers 3 gets, don’t have

1 The first quote suggests that being 4 am, take

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1 Reason, Discuss or perhaps Connect A4 B1 C3 D2

I read this article and it’s important that we 1c 2d 3a 4b

2 Insist, Discuss, Inspire, Connect UNIT 8

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3 Advantages: pain hurts so it’s good not to feel

acounting – accounting 1 suffer

I speak English and Hindi – information in 2 treat

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Living with no fear: Things to do when 'doing nothing':

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Senses: smell and taste coffee, feel hot cup in 1

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4 2 Most people need oxygen at heights over

5 was raising 6 Most people: no more than 24 hours.

1 them 1 So I’ll start by talking about the challenges

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