1424 SBT ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide

Tier: GLB - Global Doc Type: Operation Manual
Element or Subelement: Operations

Doc Number: ECLI-SBT-20-00-001
Rev: R
Effective Date: 7 Feb 2023
1424 SBT ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide

Table of Contents
Purpose .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Governance Documents ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Terms and Definitions .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Health, Safety and Environment ........................................................................................................................ 6
Description of Activity ........................................................................................................................................... 7
1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
2 Equipment Specifications .............................................................................................................................. 7
3 Instrument (Surface) Setup ......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Tool Power .....................................................................................................................................................................8
3.1.1 ECLIPS HP 730 Systems (2085 DC PSU) ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 ECLIPS-S HP 743 Systems (2010 DC PSU) .................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Communications ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.3 Centralization Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.3.1 4304XA ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.3.2 4341XA Baker Hughes WTS Centralizers ................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.3 GEMOCO........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.3.4 Brandt Centrollers .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3.5 Baker Hughes Spring Centralizers .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.3.6 Standoff and Arm Assemblies ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3.7 Other Equipment Available ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
4 SBT Tool Control Menu .................................................................................................................................. 16

4.1 Tool Version ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Acquisition Table Control ....................................................................................................................................... 18
4.3 Subcycle Control ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Revision History
Rev. RDR Amendment Detail Reviewer Approver Effective Date
Current Revision
R 7883/WW Revised The Segmented Measurement section. Garcia, Mauricio Pearce, Michael B 7 Feb 2023
Three Previous Revisions
P 7666/WW Revised Centralization Recommendation section. Garcia, Mauricio Pearce, Michael B 4 Nov 2022
Brought into the latest BHOS Template. Revised description of the ATC curves in
N 5165/WW Brzuzy, John W Pearce, Michael B 1 Oct 2019
Curve Definition section.
M 5117/WW Added XMAC-SBT Combination section. Brzuzy, John W Pearce, Michael B 3 Sep 2019
https://dms.bakerhughes.com/sites/operations/workArea/ECLI-SBT-20-00-001/ECLI-SBT-20-00-001.dotm Error! Unknown document property name._BKR Rev. L
Copyright 2014-2019, 2022-2023 Baker Hughes Company. (Unpublished Work) All rights reserved. The information contained in this document is confidential and
proprietary property of Baker Hughes and its affiliates. It is to be used only for the benefit of Baker Hughes and may not be distributed, transmitted, reproduced, altered,
or used for any other purpose without the express written consent of Baker Hughes.
Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 1 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

ECLI-SBT-20-00-001 Rev: R
4.4 Digitized Waveform ..................................................................................................................................................21

4.5 Motor........................................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.6 Pipe.............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
4.7 Normalization ............................................................................................................................................................25
5 Calibration and Verification....................................................................................................................... 26

5.1 SBT Record Mode Normalization ............................................................................................................................26
5.2 Relative Bearing Calibration/Verification ........................................................................................................... 27
5.2.1 RB Primary Calibration ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.3 RB Before-Log Verification ......................................................................................................................................28
5.3.1 Environmental Considerations .....................................................................................................................................................................28
5.3.2 Read Pad 3 Down ..................................................................................................................................................................................................28
5.3.3 Read Pad 4 Down .................................................................................................................................................................................................28
5.3.4 Read Pad 5 Down .................................................................................................................................................................................................28
5.3.5 Read Pad 6 Down .................................................................................................................................................................................................28
5.3.6 Read Pad 1 Down...................................................................................................................................................................................................29
5.3.7 Read Pad 2 Down ..................................................................................................................................................................................................29
5.4 After-Log Verification .............................................................................................................................................. 29
5.5 SBT Pad Calibration ................................................................................................................................................. 29
5.5.1 SBT Pad Calibration..............................................................................................................................................................................................29
5.5.2 Read Receiver Noise Level ............................................................................................................................................................................. 30
5.5.3 Read Pad Sensitivity .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
5.6 SBT Pad Primary Verification ................................................................................................................................ 30
5.7 SBT Pad Before-Log Verification ........................................................................................................................... 30
5.8 SBT Pad After-Log Verification ............................................................................................................................. 30
6 Subsets and Curves ...................................................................................................................................... 31

6.1 1424XA Scheme 1 - 1633EA Subset 0 ....................................................................................................................... 31
6.2 Curve Definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
7 Parameters .................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1 Special Considerations ............................................................................................................................................33
7.2 Parameter Descriptions.......................................................................................................................................... 34
8 RIG-UP ............................................................................................................................................................. 35
9 Logging Procedures ..................................................................................................................................... 35
9.1 Motoring ..................................................................................................................................................................... 35
9.2 General Procedures ..................................................................................................................................................36
9.3 Amplitude (amp) Measurement ........................................................................................................................... 37
9.4 Pipe-Conveyed Operation..................................................................................................................................... 38
9.5 Large casing Operations ........................................................................................................................................ 38
9.6 SBT Displays.............................................................................................................................................................. 38
9.6.1 SBT Cement Map Log Presentation .......................................................................................................................................................... 39
9.6.2 Variable Density Log Presentation (VDL) ............................................................................................................................................. 40

9.6.3 SBT Show2D Display ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41

9.6.4 SBT Wave Display ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
9.7 SBT Log Presentations ............................................................................................................................................. 44
9.7.1 SBT Primary Presentations (VDL or WAVE) ............................................................................................................................................ 44
9.7.2 SBT Cement Map Log Presentation .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
10 Instrument Combinations .......................................................................................................................... 50

10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
10.2 Special Considerations .......................................................................................................................................... 51
10.3 SBT-RPM Simultaneous Logging .......................................................................................................................... 51
10.4 XMAC-SBT Combination ....................................................................................................................................... 51
11 Hostile Environment Operating Procedures ............................................................................................ 51

12 LOG Quality ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
12.1 Logging Speed...........................................................................................................................................................52
12.2 Log Heading ..............................................................................................................................................................52
12.3 Repeatability ............................................................................................................................................................52
12.4 Log Data Accuracy ..................................................................................................................................................52
12.5 Centralization ......................................................................................................................................................... 53
12.6 Log Quality Curves ................................................................................................................................................. 53
12.7 Free Pipe Attenuation Reading ............................................................................................................................ 53
13 LAC Requirements ........................................................................................................................................ 53

14 Processing and Interpretation ................................................................................................................... 54
14.1 The Segmented Measurement ............................................................................................................................. 54
14.2 Spreading Losses ................................................................................................................................................... 55
14.3 The Full Waveform .................................................................................................................................................. 57
14.4 Advantages of the Pad System ............................................................................................................................ 57
14.4.1 Travel Time .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 57
14.4.2 Mud Composition ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
14.4.3 Fast Formation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
14.4.4 Segmented Evaluation of Cement ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
14.4.5 360° Coverage .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
14.5 Interpretation ......................................................................................................................................................... 58
14.6 Pipe Command Calculations .............................................................................................................................. 60
14.7 Pad Layout ................................................................................................................................................................62
15 Troubleshooting and Operational Precautions ..................................................................................... 63

15.1 Pad Checks ................................................................................................................................................................63
15.2 Gated Waveforms and Tool Centralization....................................................................................................... 64
15.3 Amplitudes, Travel Times, and AGC ................................................................................................................... 68
15.3.1 Amplitude ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68
15.3.2 Travel Time ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 68
15.3.3 Automatic Gain Control ................................................................................................................................................................................ 69

15.4 Unusual Circumstances ....................................................................................................................................... 69

15.4.1 Gas-Filled Hole ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
15.4.2 Cement on Inner Wall of Pipe or Junk in the Hole ......................................................................................................................... 70
15.5 Pad Data Checks ..................................................................................................................................................... 70
15.5.1 Objective ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
15.5.2 Conditions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
15.5.3 Procedure ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 71
15.6 Acoustic Impedance versus Compressive Strength ........................................................................................ 71
16 Level 1 Preventive Maintenance .................................................................................................................73

17 Transportation and Handling .................................................................................................................... 74

Table of Figures
Figure 1: Hole Deviation-SBT Centralization Matrix ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2: SBT Tool Control Menu ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 3: SBT Tool Version Window .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 4: SBT Acquisition Table Control Window ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5: SBT Logging Mode Subcycle Control Window ...........................................................................................................................20
Figure 6: SBT Digitized Waveform Window ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 7: SBT Motor Control ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 8: SBT PIPE Tool Control Window ..............................................................................................................................................................24
Figure 9: SBT Normalization Window ....................................................................................................................................................................25
Figure 10: SBT Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 11: SBT Dual Waveform Display .................................................................................................................................................................. 37
Figure 12: SBT Cement Map Display ...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 13: SBT VDL Display .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 14: Sample SBT SHOW2D Information ...................................................................................................................................................42
Figure 15: SBT Waveform Display (SINGLE Subcycle) ................................................................................................................................ 43
Figure 16: SBT Waveform Display (DUAL Subcycle) .................................................................................................................................... 43
Figure 17: SBT Primary Presentation-VDL ........................................................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 18: SBT Primary Presentation-WAVE ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 19: SBT Cement Map Presentation (Oriented Map).................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 20: Pads Unfolded ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Figure 21: Transducer Arrangement ..................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 22: Spreading Loss Factor ........................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 23: Pulse Echo Reflection .............................................................................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 24: SBT Interpretation Chart....................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 25: Pad Layout ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 26: SBT Log Interpretation............................................................................................................................................................................ 65
Figure 27: Erroneous Peak Detection ................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 28: Early Gate Selection ................................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Figure 29: Acceptable Gate Positions ................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Figure 30: Travel Time Pick ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 68

Purpose
This document outlines the 1424 Segmented Bond Tool (SBT) procedure.
Governance Documents
• Quality Manual
• Control of Records
Terms and Definitions

BHOS Glossary
Health, Safety and Environment

This equipment is intended to be operated and maintained only by personnel who have received
the proper training regarding Baker Hughes Wireline Services technology and services.
This equipment may present hazards which are not obvious to untrained personnel. Attempts to
operate or maintain this equipment by untrained personnel may result in injury or damage to
equipment or result in lost time or damage to customer equipment and property.
The 1424XA SBT pad section is heavy

Severe bodily injury possible
• At least two persons are required for lifting/moving
the tool
• Exercise caution when lifting the tool
• Wear safety boots
Note Although the 1424PA VDL and 1633EA Acoustic Common are not as
heavy as the 1424XA, the same precautions should be observed.
The 1424XA SBT pads are motored open and closed. When motoring open and closed on the
surface the moving machinery exerts a strong force.
Pinch hazard with moving machinery

Possible bodily injury
• Avoid physical contact with pads/linkages
• Wear close-fitting clothing

Description of Activity
1 Overview
This procedure is intended for use by a Baker Hughes representative who is an employee of
Baker Hughes qualified to run the tools and services as per the Baker Hughes master
qualifications list. The specific job title and reporting structure of the Baker Hughes representative
will be documented in the prejob planning paperwork and defined prior to the beginning of each
job.
This document describes operation of the SBT service using the ECLIPS surface acquisition
system. Information on the SBT service and/or information related to SBT instrument specifics
can be found in the 1424XA SBT MAINTENANCE MANUAL (1424-SBT-AMO-TOC). The reader should
be familiar with the operation of the ECLIPS well logging acquisition system and the basic theory
supporting the SBT measurement.
Other supplementary documentation includes:
• ECLIPS System Operating Manual (ESG-TOC)
• ECLIPS Combination Logging Procedures Guide Table of Contents (ECOL-OPS-TOC)
• SBT Beyond Deployment Requirements and Assembly Instructions (AMO-GLB-WS-
101659)
2 Equipment Specifications
350 °F (177 °C)
Maximum Temperature
Operation time limited to 6 hours by the 1633EA Cartridge
20,000 psi (137.9 MPa)
Maximum Pressure
(1406 kg/cm2)
Minimum Casing ID 4.0-in. (101.6 mm)
Maximum Casing ID 15.5-in. (393.7 mm)
Tool Diameter 3.38-in. (85.7 mm)
Make-up Length
Pad section 17 ft-4.0-in. (5.28 m)
VDL section 7 ft-8.0-in. (2.34 m)
Shipping Length
Pad section 19 ft-0.0-in. (5.79 m)
VDL section 9 ft-4.0-in. (2.84 m)
Weight
Pad section 240 lb (108 kg)
VDL section 108 lb ( 49 kg)
Maximum Logging Speed
Auxiliary Data Mode Limited only by GR resolution required
Normal Mode 35 ft/min (10.7 m/min)

Measurement Range 0-22 dB/ft Compensated attenuation

Absolute Accuracy ±1.0 dB/ft or 10% of log value
Repeatability ±1.0 dB/ft or 10% of log value
0.25 ft (7.62 cm) Basic measurement
Vertical Resolution
Normal Presentation presents data averaged over 3 ft (91 mm)
Radial Resolution 60°
Depth of Investigation Casing-to-cement interface
Power Requirements
Logging 150 Vdc at 25 mA
Motor Opening 80 Vdc minimum at 0.2 Ampere for 60 seconds
Motor Closing 80 Vdc minimum at 0.3 Ampere for 60 seconds
Single conductor: 30,000-ft max. length for most cable sizes and
Wireline Requirements
types
Conductor Utilization N/A
Shock/Vibration Units meet Spec. 59832-051
Detector Type
VDL 20 kHz piezoelectric cylinder
Pads 100 kHz piezoelectric stack
Pad Force 50 lb (22.7 kg)
3 Instrument (Surface) Setup
3.1 Tool Power

The SBT requires 150 VDC at the cablehead, and typically draws about 120 mA, not
including any other tools (GR, CCL, etc.) in the string. This power will be supplied by either
the 2085 DC Power Supply (ECLIPS systems) or the 2010 DC Power Supply (ECLIPS-S
systems).
3.1.1 ECLIPS HP 730 Systems (2085 DC PSU)
A. Refer to the ECLIPS COMBINATION LOGGING PROCEDURES GUIDE for the proper
switch positions on the 3765 LCP and 5716 LCA.
B. On the 2085 DC PSU, make sure that both the Voltage and Current controls are
turned all the way down (counter-clockwise, CCW). Turn on the panel, and turn
the Current control fully clockwise (CW).

C. Press and hold the white OUTPUT ENABLE button while slowly turning up the
voltage. When the yellow STANDBY LED goes off and the green OUTPUT ENABLED
LED comes on and the tool starts to draw some current (~10 mA), the OUTPUT
ENABLE button can be released. Continue to slowly turn up the voltage until the
tool is drawing the proper current.
D. Make a note of the voltage and current values, then power down the tool by
turning the voltage control fully counter-clockwise. Wait a few seconds, then
rapidly apply power by quickly turning up the voltage to its previous value. This
is done to make sure that the downhole microprocessor initializes properly.
E. To power down the tool, turn the voltage control fully counter-clockwise (CCW).
Do not simply shut off the 2085 DC PSU with tool power applied.
3.1.2 ECLIPS-S HP 743 Systems (2010 DC PSU)
A. When the OCT is loaded, the default index should be downloaded to the 5756
LCP. If any switches are not in the proper position, a warning box will appear,
indicating which switches need to be changed. The default index is 20 (Single
Conductor PCM), which expects the INPUT switch to be in the SNGL position for
single-conductor lines. If multi-conductor line is used, manually re-index to 18
(1 Cond PCM - 3504) and put the INPUT switch in the MULTI position.
B. On the 2010 DC PSU, make sure that both the Volts and Amperes controls are
turned all the way down (counter-clockwise). Turn on the panel, and turn the
Amperes control fully clockwise. The LOCAL-REMOTE switch should be in the
LOCAL position. OUTPUT SELECT should typically be set to J1.
C. Push the HV ON button (it should turn red) and turn the Volts control clockwise
until the tool is drawing the proper current.
D. Do NOT use the HV OFF button to power down the tool. Turn the Volts control
fully counter-clockwise and observe a zero output, then disable the output
voltage by depressing the HV OFF (green button). On any subsequent power-
up attempts, the 2010 will not allow the voltage output to be above 15 volts
when attempting to re-apply HV ON. Pushing the HV OFF discharges the
residual output voltage, if the Volts control has not been turned fully counter-
clockwise.
3.2 Communications
The SBT uses 3504 Single Conductor telemetry protocol. It is recommended that the
acquisition system be started with the chosen Operation Control Table and that
communications be established via the normal WTS communications window. Normal
acquisition checks the valid word and word count. It does not bitwise check
communications.

To bitwise verify communication, invoke the SETCOM (xsetcom) communications utility,

and select the Increment Mode.
When using the SETCOM utility to set up communications on a classic ECLIPS system, the
WTS Gains and Equalization must be set up using the WTS front panel keyboard, which is
slower than sending commands to the WTS panel from the ECLIPS host computer. For
detailed steps refer to the ECLIPS COMBINATION LOGGING PROCEDURES GUIDE, 3504
Telemetry.
When running the SBT on a multi-conductor wireline, remove pins

Note 2 and 5 from the cable head prior to attempting 3504
communications. Replace these pins after the job for future
operations.
After establishing communications on the surface, verify that the tool can be initialized
properly. Refer to Section 9.2 , steps 1-3, 5 and 6.
3.3 Centralization Recommendations

Centralization of Baker Hughes tools in general, and SBT in particular, is far from an exact
science. Apart from the more obvious challenges, the downhole environment is often
different than expected or intended. Each well will require individual consideration. What
follows in this document is a set of guidelines, rules of thumb, and a matrix of Casing size
vs. Deviation angle with recommended centralizers. First, we will describe the instrument
string to be centralized.
• 1424XA SBT: The SBT pad section alone is 17 ft. in length, is somewhat flexible
near the center mandrel, and weighs 240 lbs.
• 1424PA VDL: The VDL section is 7.5 ft. long, is a flexible slotted sleeve section, and
weighs 108 lbs.
• 1633EA Common: The Acoustic common is 8 ft. long, has a rigid steel housing,
and weighs 133 lbs.
This minimum combination is 32.5 ft. long and has a combined weight of 481 lbs. Taking
into account a buoyancy factor of approximately 80%, depending on borehole fluid, the
weight to be centralized is 384 lbs. Normally a 1309XA GR and CCL would be run; a 2435XA
CN is another possible option. Although the auxiliary instruments do not require
centralization, they will affect centralization of SBT and VDL.
There will be some cases where additional weight bars will need to be run with SBT (3-3/8”
Sinker Bars) especially for high deviation wells. In this case, additional quantity of
centralizers might be needed on each site so the additional weight will not affect the
centralization.

The following subsections list the centralizers that can be run with the SBT tool string:
3.3.1 4304XA
Standard Baker Hughes four-arm, feed-thru, spring centralizer. Except in very

shallow angle holes, these centralizers will provide little benefit in centralizing SBT.
The springs provide little support, but more importantly, their placement can only
be at field joints, which are too far away from the pad sections. They are standard
Baker Hughes 10-pin connections, and can therefore only be used above the
acoustic common.
3.3.2 4341XA Baker Hughes WTS Centralizers

These are essentially 4304XA centralizers whose connectors have been modified
to WTS application. The only advantage these have over the 4304XA is that they
can be run between the acoustic common and SBT, between SBT and VDL, or
below the VDL. In any case, however, this is still too far away from the pad section
to be of use in deviated holes.
3.3.3 GEMOCO
Technically speaking, these are not centralizers — they are standoffs. However,
since SBT does not require absolute centralization, their performance is
acceptable. They are available for all casing sizes. These are manufactured by an
outside vendor and were originally intended as casing centralizers.
The downside of GEMOCO centralizers is that the rigid bands which contact the
casing wall will soon wear and the entire centralizer will become useless (one-
piece welded construction).
Before the job, the GEMOCO should be inspected using the following criteria:
1) The OD should be equal to, or just slightly larger (0.75in max), than the casing
ID.
2) If the arms have lost more than the 50% of their original thickness, then the
Gemoco should be replaced
3.3.4 Brandt Centrollers

These are very powerful spring-loaded roller centralizers. Strategically placed, two
of these in combination with other spring-type centralizers can support SBT out to
a 90° angle deviation.
The negative side of these is that they are very expensive, and they have a narrow
range of application. They are slip-on types which can only be used in casing sizes
from 7-in. to 9 5/8 inches. The centralizer OD is 5 3/16 inches. Feed-through types
ranging in size from 4 1/2-in. to 9 5/8-in., with WTS connections also available.

3.3.5 Baker Hughes Spring Centralizers

Baker Hughes P/N 153354-000 Spring centralizer for 3 3/8-in. tool body
Baker Hughes P/N 153350-000 Spring centralizer for 3 5/8-in. tool body
These are slip-on centralizers and can be used with five different sizes of spring to
accommodate a wide range of casing sizes.
Maximum Centralizer OD Force/Compression/Spring

Baker Hughes P/N
(-in.) (lb/in)
153349-000 9.7 8.0
154739-000 11 2.0
153346-000 12.7 9.5
154740-000 15 8.0
181389-000 17 10.0
The minimum centralizer OD is 4.5-in. (retaining collars). Either 3 or 6 springs can

be used.
3.3.6 Standoff and Arm Assemblies
Qty.
Baker Hughes P/N Description
Needed
Standoff for 3 3/8-in. or 3 5/8-in. tool body.
184155-000 1 6 This Standoff is only shipped with 8.5-in. OD
pads.
3.3.7 Other Equipment Available

The following are also available:
Qty.
Baker Hughes P/N Description
Needed
184158-000 6 Pad Standoff 7.87-in. OD
184163-000 6 Arm Assy. 5.875-in. OD
184164-000 6 Arm Assy. 9.875-in. OD
1
This rigid standoff can be configured with either rollers or Teflon pads. As implied by the name, there
is no flex to this equipment and it should be used with extreme care.

Placement of centralizers is defined in terms of numbers as to the sites on the tool

where centralizers can be placed. Refer to the tool sketch (drawing no.
F158229000) for site number designations; each site is indicated by a circled
number. The sites include:
• VDL sub halfway between transmitter and receiver
• SBT motor pressure housing
• SBT electronics pressure housing
• Acoustic Common pressure housing
• Gamma Ray and/or Neutron pressure housing
Figure 1: Hole Deviation-SBT Centralization Matrix shows a matrix of Casing ID vs.
hole deviation. On this matrix, several zones are defined, from A1 through K. To
determine recommended centralization technique, the engineer will have to
review the physical configuration of the well to be logged and compare this
configuration against the matrix. Once having determined which zone on the
matrix is appropriate, use the table located on the next two pages after the SBT
Centralization Matrix which describes number and placement of centralizer(s).
Figure 1: Hole Deviation-SBT Centralization Matrix

Zone Centralizers/Springs Site Comments
1 Gemoco 1
A1 1 Gemoco 2
1 Gemoco 3
1 Gemoco 1
1 Gemoco 2
A2
1 Gemoco 3
1 Gemoco 4
1 Gemoco 1
1 Gemoco 2
A3
2 Gemoco 3
1 Gemoco 4
1 Gemoco 1
2 Gemoco 2
A4
2 Gemoco 3
1 Gemoco 4
1 Gemoco 1
Consider using the 184155 standoff
B1* 1 Gemoco 2
in higher deviations at site 3.
1 Gemoco 3
1 Gemoco 1
1 Gemoco 2 Consider using the 184155 standoff

B2*
1 Gemoco 3 in higher deviations at site 4.
1 Gemoco 4
1 Gemoco 1
1 Gemoco 2 Consider using the 184155 standoff
B3*
2 Gemoco 3 in higher deviations at site 4.
1 Gemoco 4

1 Gemoco 1
2 Gemoco 2
B4* Consider using the 184155 standoff
2 Gemoco 3
in higher deviations at site 4.
1 Gemoco 4
1 153354/6 181389 5
* Baker Hughes P/Ns 153354/6 181389 may be used as alternates in place of Gemoco centralizers.
Note Similar Gemoco combinations could be used in the following

zones except K.
1 153354/6 154739 1
C 1 153354/6 154739 2
1 154354/6 154739 3
1 153354/6 153349 1
1 153354/6 153349 2 Consider using the 184155 standoff
D*
1 153354/6 153349 3 in higher deviations at site 4.
1 153354/6 153349 4
1 153354/6 153346 1
E 1 153354/6 153346 2
1 153354/6 153346 3
1 153354/6 153346 1
F*
1 153354/6 153346 4
1 153354/6 154740 1
G 1 153354/6 154740 2
1 153354/6 154740 3
1 153354/6 154740 1
H*
1 153354/6 154740 4

1 153354/6 154750 1
1 153354/6 154740 2
I
1 153354/6 154740 3
1 153354/6 154740 4
1 153354/6 154740 1
1 153354/6 154740 2
Consider using the 184155 standoff
J* 1 153354/6 154740 3
in higher deviations at sites 3 and 4.
1 153354/6 154740 4
1 153350/6 154740 5
No centralization required or
K
recommended.
* Use additional Gemoco in higher deviations at site 3.
These recommendations will not always work in all of the conditions and
configurations described. Commercial wells often have undesirable features
beyond the control of Baker Hughes or its customers. Out-of-round or short-radius
bends in the casing will degrade the chances of achieving desired depths. Short-
radius bends can altogether eliminate the possibility of centralization over the
interval of radius.
Some suggestions which may improve prospects include:
− In general, spring centralizers or Gemoco standoffs in sufficient number will
not allow the tool to fall at angles greater than 55º. The alternatives are to
employ roller standoffs or pipe-conveyed methods.
− Brandt Centrollers can be used at sites 2 and 3 in combination with Baker
Hughes P/N 153354 (appropriate springs) at sites 1 and 4 at angles up to
90°. At shallower angles, this combination can be helpful in allowing the
tool to fall on wireline. Remember that these are only appropriate in casing
sizes 7-in. to 9 5/8 inches.
− Even at relatively shallow angles of <30°, hole restrictions, intended and
otherwise, may prevent the tool from falling. At these angles, consider
removing springs from a centralizer or attempting to log with one less
centralizer. This will require individual judgment and should be done with
caution.
4 SBT Tool Control Menu

The SBT tool (1633) uses the 3504 protocol for tool commands. Commands can be sent
asynchronously or in sync with data acquisition requests. The tool will respond with any
requested information plus a status word indicating if it recognized and successfully executed
the received command.
The SBT Tool Control Menu is displayed below in Figure 2.

Figure 2: SBT Tool Control Menu
• TOOL VERSION option reads from and displays the 1633 EPROM version.
• ACQUISITION TABLE CONTROL option supports two-way transfer of the contents of the tool
table which controls the SBT’s firing sequence and subsequent measurements. When
powered, the tool will automatically contain a default acquisition table designed for 5.5-inch
15# casing.
• SUBCYCLE CONTROL option supports the modification and display of the acquisition control
table data in subcycles 1–12.
• DIGITIZED WAVEFORM option supports the modification and display of the acquisition control
table data pertaining to the digitized waveform subcycle.
• MOTOR option controls the motoring of the SBT pads.
• PIPE option supports the entry of the casing size, casing weight, and compressive strength of
the cement parameters from which transducer spacing, delays, free pipe amplitude, free
pipe attenuation, and shading parameters for the cement map are computed.
• NORMALIZATION option supports the computation, storing, and loading of the normalization
factors used in the attenuation calculations.
4.1 Tool Version

Figure 3: SBT Tool Version Window
Upon selecting this option, the 1633 is polled for information pertaining to its internal ROM.
The resulting display will contain:
• ROM part number
• ROM software revision level
• ROM software release date
• Service name

4.2 Acquisition Table Control

There are two memory locations set aside in the surface system for the downhole
acquisition control table; one for a tool table and one for a surface table. Either of these
two tables can be displayed in the window associated with the SUBCYCLE CONTROL
command option. However, only the surface table can be downloaded to the tool.
During normal operation, the downhole tool’s default table is manually uploaded, the
surface table is updated, and necessary changes are made and verified with tool
operation. If power to the tool is lost, the surface table can be downloaded to the tool
(DOWNLOAD SURFACE TABLE). Should re-initialization of the surface system be needed,
the downhole table can be uploaded (UPLOAD TOOL TABLE) for efficiency.
Figure 4: SBT Acquisition Table Control Window
The COPY TOOL TO SURFACE option selection copies the surface tool table memory
contents into the surface memory contents.
Note Only the SURFACE MEMORY contents can be downloaded.
4.3 Subcycle Control

The Logging Mode of the tool can be modified.
• REAL: measures and sends real sensor data.
--versus--
• SIMULATED: sends artificial data stored in the downhole ROM.
• SLIDING GATE: allows the downhole instrument to adjust gate delays.
--versus--
• NO SLIDING GATE: uses a fixed gate.
The tool’s default logging mode is REAL and SLIDING GATE. REAL should not be changed
except for troubleshooting. SLIDING GATE should not be changed except for some
abnormal circumstance; e.g., residual cement or scale on the inside of the casing. Refer to
DTMX/DTMN curves.
The logging mode also controls the AGC (ON/OFF) and the
Note (AUX/NORMAL). The defaults are AGC ON and NORMAL. These
should not be changed.

The SUBCYCLE LENGTH is fixed at 28 ms and the SUBCYCLE PERIOD is fixed at 0.125 µsec
(microseconds) in the field acquisition system. These parameters are displayed for
information only.
The transmitter T, near receiver N, and far receiver F codes are also fixed for subcycles 1–
12 as follows:
T N F
sub1 1 2 3
sub2 4 3 2
sub3 2 3 4
sub4 5 4 3
sub5 3 4 5
sub6 6 5 4
sub7 4 5 6
sub8 1 6 5
sub9 5 6 1
sub10 2 1 6
sub11 6 1 2
sub12 3 2 1
The codes are pad numbers. For example, in the first subcycle, the transmitter is on pad
one; the near receiver, on pad two; and the far receiver, on pad three.

Figure 5: SBT Logging Mode Subcycle Control Window
Although the near delay (N-DELAY), far delay (F-DELAY), near gate width (N-WIDTH),
and far gate width (F-WIDTH) are displayed individually for each subcycle, these
parameters should not be changed on an individual subcycle basis. To change any one
of these parameters for all subcycles (i.e., group command) click on the box in that
parameter’s column and the ALL row. Then enter the new parameter value and press
<RETURN>. The value entered will fill in all fields in that column, and the command will be
sent to the tool.
N-Delay (near delay) is the number of microseconds from firing before the opening of the
search window (gate) on the near receiver. Typically this value is in the range of 42 µsec
for 4.5-inch pipe to 61 µsec for 16-inch pipe. A good value for this parameter is computed
in the PIPE Command. It should be altered only for fine tuning, a maximum change of
3–4 µsec, and this should be accomplished automatically by a downhole sliding gate.

F-Delay (far delay) is the number of microseconds from the beginning of the subcycle
before the opening of the search window (gate) on the far receiver. Typically this value is
in the range of 82 µsec for 4.5-inch pipe to 112 µsec for 16-inch pipe. A good value for this
parameter is computed in the PIPE Command. It should be altered only for fine tuning, a
maximum change of 3–4 µsec, and this should be accomplished automatically by
downhole sliding gate.
Window Width, both near (N-Width), and far (F-Width), is the length of time in
microseconds of search window. It is defaulted to 12 µsec. A change to these parameters
should be done rarely and with extreme caution.
Since the tool uses sliding gate N-delay and F delay, values in the
Subcycle Control window probably do not agree with values being
Note used by the tool. To observe tool values, it will first be necessary to
upload the tool table and click on the Display Tool Table button.
Refer to Section 4.4 regarding search gate position.
Gain (AGC), both near (N-Gain), and far (F-Gain), is used to amplify and thus maximize
the dynamic range of signal amplitude readings. Entry and display is constrained to
values between 0 and 21 in multiples of 3.
Since the tool will be operating with a downhole Automatic Gain

Note Control (AGC), using this command will set the gain for only one
acquisition level. AGC will then modify the gain as necessary.
The gain values as set by AGC can be observed in the SHOW2D window. Refer to Section
9.6 , SBT Displays.
4.4 Digitized Waveform

• The downhole instrument digitizes and transmits to the surface one, and only one,
waveform. Parameters in this table (subcycle # 0) control acquisition of this
waveform. The defaults are set for the VDL waveform acquisition which is transmitter 7
and receiver 7.
• START TIME is the number of microseconds (µsec) from firing to the first digitized
sample. The VDL uses a value of 200, since no arrivals are expected during the first 200
µsec after firing. If a different transmitter/receiver pair is selected, this time should be
adjusted according to the involved spacing. The START TIME parameter is not used by
the downhole software when the DUAL subcycle type is in effect.
• SAMPLE PERIOD is the number of microseconds between each sample of the
waveform. If the desired waveform is the 5-ft spaced VDL (20 KHz), the value should be
4 µsec. A sample period of 1 µsec is appropriate for viewing waveforms from pad-
mounted transmitters and receivers. When the DUAL subcycle type is being used, the
sample period selection is ignored by the downhole software.

• SUBCYCLE NO. is used only when the DUAL subcycle type is being used. It indicates
which subcycle waveform (1–12) is to be transmitted. This command is useful to verify
delays and gate width settings.
• TRANSMITTER indicates the code # (1–7) of the firing transducer. If 1–6, the number
corresponds to a pad; 7 means the 5-ft spaced VDL.
• RECEIVER indicates the code # (1–7) of the receiving transducer. If 1–6, the number
corresponds to a pad; 7 means the 5-ft spaced VDL. Any transmitter-receiver pair can
be selected. However, when the DUAL subcycle type is in effect, transmitter and
receiver number are ignored by the downhole software.
• GAIN can be used on the SINGLE subcycle type digitized signal. Once set for logging,
though, this gain should remain fixed. AGC is not available to the DIGITIZED WAVEFORM.
The value should be a multiple of 3 between 0 and 21. When DUAL subcycle type is in
effect, GAIN is ignored by the downhole software.
• NUMBER OF SAMPLES is 250.
• SINGLE SUBCYCLE TYPE: In the SINGLE subcycle type, all digitized waveform
parameters are used except SUBCYCLE NO.
• DUAL SUBCYCLE TYPE: In the DUAL SUBCYCLE type, all digitized waveform parameters
are ignored except the SUBCYCLE NO. The digitized waveform represents 125 samples,
starting 42 µsec before DELAY for the near and far waveforms. In addition, the search
gate positions will be indicated as part of the digitized waveform. The DUAL subcycle
type, in conjunction with the waveform display window, is useful in checking the
delays and window widths.
Figure 6: SBT Digitized Waveform Window
The following table summarizes Digitized Waveform organization:

Dual (Gates) Single
Start time N/A 200 (VDL)
Sample Period N/A 4 (VDL)
Subcycle # 1-12 N/A
Transmitter # N/A 7 (VDL)
Receiver # N/A 7 (VDL)
Gain N/A 0-21
Number of Samples (default) N/A 250
4.5 Motor
The MOTOR control window is used to OPEN and CLOSE the SBT tool pads (see Figure 7).
Refer to Section 9.1 for motoring procedures.
Figure 7: SBT Motor Control
4.6 Pipe
By entering the casing outer diameter (CASING OD), casing weight (CASING WT), and
cement compressive strength (CMP STR), good values for the near-to-far receiver
spacing (SPACING), near (NEAR DELAY) and far (FAR DELAY) receiver delays, HI-CUTOFF
(usually 80% bonded attenuation), LOW-CUTOFF (usually 20% bonded attenuation), free-
pipe amplitude (FP AMP), and free-pipe attenuation (FP ATTN) are computed. See Figure
8.

Figure 8: SBT PIPE Tool Control Window
Note When powered, the tool will automatically contain a default

acquisition table designed for 5.5-inch 15-lb. casing.
Since the actual compressive strength of the cement may not be known, and since the
correlation between cement strength and its acoustic properties is not direct, the text
entry fields for HI CUTOFF and LOW CUTOFF allow manual adjustment of these parameters.
Adjusting these parameters will affect the cement map curves (cemr, cemc, cemo), and
this should be done with caution.
However, if the map images are reading improperly in areas of known free pipe and good
cement, the cutoffs can be adjusted to provide a more acceptable image. Note that
adjusting the cement compressive strength (CMP STR) parameter will have a similar
effect, and is generally preferred to overriding the cutoffs.
The FP AMP text entry field allows independent manual adjustment of the amplitude
(amp) presentation, as described in Section 9.3 .
The table below lists the acceptable ranges and units for entries in CASING OD, CASING
WT, and CMP STR. As all the parameters are calculated, a lookup table is not used.
English Metric
OD 4–16-in. 100–635 mm
WT 8–120 lb/ft 11–180 Kg/m
CS 0–10 K PSI 0–70 Mpa
Pipe commands are also valid when re-driving SBT RDRs.

4.7 Normalization
There will be slight variations in each downhole tool’s attenuation measurement as a
function of the receiver’s directional sensitivities. Consequently, offset parameters are
acquired in situ, resulting in normalization factors.
In addition, normalization factors are computed for each logging pass as quality
indicators of the acquired data. The factors are automatically stored in a .sbt file with the
same root name as the corresponding .aff file in the working directory. Refer to Section 5.1 .
Figure 9: SBT Normalization Window
If it is desired to make the .sbt file name more meaningful for

future loading apart from this .aff file or this OCT, use the UNIX
Note command (cp) to make a second copy in another directory. This
copy will not be deleted when the job is complete.
DO NOT USE THE UNIX command (mv) to rename the file!
The CURRENT factors are those being used by the acquisition system processing during
the Record mode as offsets in the computation of present attenuation values. The SUM
should always be equal to 0 (zero).
The AVE ATTEN (Average Attenuation) and RESULTING factors are computed at the end of
each RECORD.

The RESULTING factors are automatically saved to the .sbt file whose name is displayed at
the bottom of the window. RESULTING factors can be loaded to CURRENT factors by using
the SELECTION and LOAD functions in the NORMALIZATION.
Normalization factors are also valid when re-driving SBT RDR files.
5 Calibration and Verification

Besides the calibrations needed for other instruments in the tool string, three specific
calibration/verifications are related to the SBT service:
• SBT RECORD MODE NORMALIZATION
• RELATIVE BEARING CALIBRATION/VERIFICATION
• SBT CALIBRATION/VERIFICATION
Reliable communications must be established before performing any calibration or verification
(refer to SETCOM in Section 3.2 , Communications).
5.1 SBT Record Mode Normalization

5.1.1. Each sector of the SBT instrument uses two transmitters and two receivers to
produce an attenuation measurement which is independent of receiver
sensitivities and transmitter efficiencies. Theoretically, the SBT should not need a
calibration because the measured attenuation is completely compensated.
However, the following considerations result in a calibration requirement:
− Different directional sensitivities inherent to the transducer nature.
− Different sector spacings due to mechanical tolerances.
5.1.2. The calibration requires computing six normalization factors, each of which
represents the amount, in dB/ft, that each attenuation curve needs to be shifted to
match the average of all the attenuation curves over an appreciable interval.
These factors are not computed via the CalVer menu. Instead, they are computed
at the end of each RECORD. The normalization factors are also used for log quality.
Refer to Section 4.7 and Section 12 .
The normalization window does not automatically pop up at the

Note end of each record. The engineer must go through the tool
command menu to load a set for use in subsequent logging
passes.
5.1.3. The interval selected to perform normalization can be an interval of free pipe or
bonded pipe, but must provide at least 400 ft of data regardless of the sampling
rate. Since the most homogeneous medium is free pipe, this one should be used
whenever possible.

5.1.4. If cement channeling with no tool rotation is indicated by the cement map image
(i.e., a vertical light stripe and constant rb), the normalization factors resulting from
that log should not be used for recording other logs. If it is impossible to record a
log that does not exhibit this condition, all runs should be made with all
normalization factors set to zero.
5.1.5. The normalization factors affect not only the six attenuation curves (atc1,
atc2,atc6), but also the Cement Map image, and the minimum attenuation
(atmn) curve. The average attenuation (atav) and the average amplitude
(amav) will not be affected.
5.1.6. Typical normalization factors should be of magnitudes ±1 dB or less. Factors

exceeding 2 dB may indicate a potential problem. It might be, for instance,
excessive decentralization, cement channeling, or tool malfunction.
5.1.7. More important than the absolute value of a normalization value is the
repeatability of values in each sector from one logging pass to another. For
instance, if one sector’s value is 2.11 on one pass and 1.96 on another pass, then
there is no cause for concern; i.e., that sector is just reading low, and the
normalization process will offset the problem.
5.2 Relative Bearing Calibration/Verification

The Relative Bearing (RB) calibration/verification follows the standard procedures used
by most tools. The basis is the change in the X and Y accelerometer responses as the
1424XA instrument is rotated a fixed angle of 60°. It is typically performed on location.
5.2.1 RB Primary Calibration

Select the Cal/Ver button from the Data Acquisition Main Menu menubar. Then
choose the RB Cal Type. The order of option selection is restricted for efficiency.
The Read Pad 3 Down option is desensitized until the Read Pad 2 Down option is
completed. After the Read Pad 3 Down option is completed, the OFFSET, X-MAX,
and Y-MAX parameters are computed as well as the RB for both pad positions
using the averages of each of the X and Y accelerometer responses at each pad
position and the computed parameters.
5.2.1.1 Environmental Considerations

Calibration is accomplished with the 1424 SBT in a horizontal position. The
only other downhole instrument required is a 1633 Acoustic Common which
may be attached to the SBT directly via the field joint or with a pigtail
connector (148986-000 or 152445-000).
The tool should be motored open (refer to Section 9.1 ) and physically
rotated so that pad 2 is facing straight down. The engineer’s visual
verification that the pad is down is acceptable.

5.2.1.2 Read Pad 2 Down

Under this option, 10 samples of the X-accelerometer (Xatt_0) and the Y-
accelerometer (Yatt_0) taken at 500 msec intervals are acquired and
averaged. No further computations are made until data from the Read Pad
3 Down option are acquired.
5.2.1.3 Read Pad 3 Down

Under this option, 10 samples of the X-accelerometer (Xatt_60) and the Y-
accelerometer (Yatt_60) taken at 500 msec intervals are acquired and
averaged.
The OFFSET, X-MAX, Y-MAX parameters are computed and used to
compute the RB at the pad 2 down position (approximately 0 value) and at
the pad 3 down position (approximately 60°).
5.3 RB Before-Log Verification

In the RB verification, the tool will be rotated to six different positions whose RB values
should read 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300°.
5.3.1 Environmental Considerations

The SBT tool should remain in the same position as it was during the RB calibration.
For efficiency, the tool should be initially horizontal, with Pad 3 facing down.
5.3.2 Read Pad 3 Down

After starting this option, 10 samples of the RB curve are acquired at 500 msec
intervals and averaged. The result should be 60° ± 5°.
The tool should then be rotated 60° so that pad 4 is down.






5.4 After-Log Verification

This is the same as Section 5.3 , RB Before-Log Verification.
5.5 SBT Pad Calibration

The PAD CALIBRATION was devised to provide quality control information and to keep a
record of pad performance.
The PAD CALIBRATION is used only for quality control. No

Note calibration parameters are computed. The results do not affect
the logging process. It is typically performed on location, and is
also performed at the shop as part of the pre-job checkout!
5.5.1 SBT Pad Calibration

This mode is actually more like a Primary Verification. It provides a baseline for the
tool. It is based on two measurements:
− Receiver noise levels
− Pad sensitivities
To perform the SBT Pad Calibration: select Cal/Ver in the Data Acquisition Main
Menu, then select the SBT Cal Type.
Environmental Considerations—The tool’s arms must be open in free air so that
there is no acoustic coupling between pads. It does not matter if this condition is
met with the instrument hanging vertically or positioned horizontally on stands.

5.5.2 Read Receiver Noise Level

To get the receiver noise level (RNL), the tool is operated in the standard logging
sequence (subcycle 1 transmits on pad 1 and receives on pad 2 and pad 3, etc).
RNL values should be ≤10.
In one tool logging sequence, there are four data values associated with each
receiver. The data for each receiver acquired over ten standard logging
sequences at 500 msec intervals is displayed and averaged. As there is no
acoustic coupling, the expected value for each average is zero, unless electrical
cross-talk or noise is present.
5.5.3 Read Pad Sensitivity

The pad sensitivity measurements use the body of the pad as acoustic coupling
between transmitters and receivers. To obtain the pad sensitivity, commands are
sent to the tool so that each subcycle uses the same numbered transmitter and
far receiver. The amplitudes for each far receiver are displayed and averaged over
the 10 tool firing sequences. These values depend on the transmitter and receiver
efficiency and on the acoustic path in the pad. Although these values are not
largely predictable, they should have a minimum value of 150 and should remain
relatively constant for a given pad.
5.6 SBT Pad Primary Verification

None — refer to Section 5.5 , SBT Pad Calibration.
5.7 SBT Pad Before-Log Verification

None — refer to Section 5.5 , SBT Pad Calibration
5.8 SBT Pad After-Log Verification

None — refer to Section 5.5 , SBT Pad Calibration.

6 Subsets and Curves
6.1 1424XA Scheme 1 - 1633EA Subset 0

6.1.1. The following tool curve description represents the maximum valid data sets
supported.
Max. Valid Data

Category Tool Name
Sets Supported
1424XA 1
1424PA 1
Schemes: 2435XA 4
1309XA 2
ccl
Subsets: 1633EA 0
6.1.2. Curve mnemonics and curve descriptions can be found in ECLIPS SYSTEM
OPERATING GUIDE, Volume 4, APPENDIX C - Curve Names.
6.1.3. All gain curves are in units called levels with 1 level = 3 dB. The range is 0 to 7
(0 dB – 21 dB).
6.1.4. The travel time curves represent (in interval units) the time between the
transmitter firing and the detection of the E1 peak (16 interval units = 1
microsecond).
6.1.5. The delta travel time curves represent (in interval units) the time difference after
the transmitter firing between the detection of the E1 peak on the near receiver
and the far receiver (16 interval units = 1 microsecond).
6.1.6. Codes 1–6 correspond to pad numbers. Code 7 refers to the 5-ft spaced
transmitter receiver usually used for the VDL presentation.
6.1.7. When the DUAL subcycle type is in effect, the following data is not necessarily
accurate and should be ignored:
tcode, rcode, period, stime

6.2 Curve Definitions

Service LIS Name Description Units Class/Units ECLIPS
SBT AM12 amplitude T1R2 FIXED dim amp12
SBT AM21 amplitude T2R1 FIXED dim amp21
SBT AMAV average amplitude FIXED mV amav
SBT AMP3 amplitude T2R13 FIXED dim amp213
SBT AMP5 amplitude T1R13 FIXED dim amp113
SBT AMV5 average amplitude FIXED mV amav5
SBT ATAV average attenuation ATTENUATION dB/ft atav
SBT ATC1 attenuation segment 1 ATTENUATION dB/ft atc1
SBT ATMN attenuation minimum ATTENUATION dB/ft atmn
SBT CEMC calibrated cement map FIXED deg cemc
SBT CEMO calibrated and oriented cement map FIXED deg cemo
SBT CEMR cement map raw values FIXED deg cemr
SBT CHV cablehead voltage FIXED mV chv
SBT CSTA cycle status FIXED dim cstat
SBT CYQ cycle quality FIXED dim cyq
SBT DEV deviation FIXED deg dev
SBT DT interval transit time over 24-inch interval ACOU-SLOW us/ft dt24
SBT DTMN minimal delta-t ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtmn
SBT DTMX maximal delta-t ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtmx
SBT ETIM elapsed time FIXED ms etime
SBT G11 waveform gain factor FIXED dim g11
SBT GWV waveform gain FIXED dim gwave
SBT PERI sample period FIXED us period

Service LIS Name Description Units Class/Units ECLIPS
relative bearing (relative to downhole

SBT RB FIXED deg rb
side of borehole)
SBT STIM start time FIXED us stime
SBT TT12 travel time T1R2 ACOU-SLOW us/ft tt12
SBT TT21 travel time T2R1 LENGTH us/ft tt21
SBT TT23 travel time T2R3 LENGTH us/ft tt23
SBT TTEM tool temperature TEMPERATURE °F ttemp
SBT WAVE 250 bytes digitized waveform FIXED dim wave
SBT XATT x-axis attitude FIXED dim xatt
SBT YATT y-axis attitude FIXED us yatt
7 Parameters
7.1 Special Considerations

The SBT parameters are not changeable via the General Parameter option found under
the Proc menu selection in the Data Acquisition Main Menu. The SBT parameters are
computed from other parameters whose values are specific to the logged interval and
known by the engineer.
For example, the free pipe attenuation is computed from the casing outer diameter and
weight. Normalization factors which are used as both calibration parameters (CURRENT)
and quality indicators (RESULTING) are computed during each RECORD.
Consequently, SBT casing parameters are changed via the TOOL menu selection:
• The octname+file number.prm file saves these parameter values at the start
of a record sequence. Any changes made to these parameters while recording
will also be written into the .prm file.
• SBT normalization parameters computed during the log are stored in special
.sbt files named octname+file number.sbt.
The .prm and .sbt files are automatically generated with each .aff data file. The .prm and
.sbt files will be plotted with the log presentation if the Parameter Report button on Plot
Manager is selected.

7.2 Parameter Descriptions

Figure 10: SBT Parameters
Name Description
Decrease of intensity of energy due to increasing transmitter-to-receiver distance,

SPREADING
not attenuation of sound from a casing into cement. The value is computed in the
FACTOR
SBT:PIPE Tool Control window when CASING OD and CASING WT are entered.
Near-to-far receiver distance which is computed in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control
SPACING
window when CASING OD and CASING WT are entered.
CASING OD Casing outer diameter entered in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window.
CASING WT Casing weight entered in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window.
CEMENT Cement compressive strength entered in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window (CMP
STRENGTH STR).
Twenty per cent of attenuation span cemented pipe added to free pipe
attenuation; .20 (max-FP) + FP. Value is computed in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control
LO CUTOFF
window based on user-entered values for CASING OD, CASING WT, and CEMENT
STRENGTH (Arbitrary Interpretation parameter).
Eighty per cent of attenuation span cemented pipe added to free pipe attenuation;
.80 (max-FP) + FP. Value is computed in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window based on
HI CUTOFF
user-entered values for CASING OD, CASING WT, and CEMENT STRENGTH (Arbitrary
Interpretation parameter).

Name Description
Free pipe amplitude computed in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window based on user
entered value for CASING OD.
FP AMP
NOTE: This value is not reported on the plotted log, but is shown in the SBT:PIPE Tool
Contrl window.
Free pipe attenuation computed in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window based on user
entered value for CASING OD and CASING WT.
FP ATTN
NOTE: This value is not reported on the plotted log, but is shown in the SBT:PIPE Tool
Control window.
Normalization factor computed during the logged interval for each sector number
CORR. (#=1, 2, 3...6). The factors reported under SBT PROCESSING are those that were used
FACTOR # for recording the log. The factors reported under SBT NORMALIZATION RESULTS are
those that were computed during the log.
8 RIG-UP
Vertical make-up procedures must be used.
• The 1424XA and 1424PA should be rigged up individually.
AVOID EQUIPMENT DAMAGE!

NOTICE Damage to the 1424XA and/or the 1424PA will occur if they
are lifted in combination.
• The 1633EA may be hoisted in combination with a 1309 GR or 2435 CN.
9 Logging Procedures
9.1 Motoring
9.1.1. Motoring is controlled via the MOTOR tool control window (refer to Section 0). The
SBT motors using the same DC voltage that is used for normal tool power. The tool
must be powered up and communicating (Section 3.2 ) before motoring can be
performed.
9.1.2. When either an OPEN or CLOSE option is selected, the WTS acquisition will pause
and most main menu options will be desensitized. The appropriate OPEN or CLOSE
command is sent downhole, and instrument power will be applied to the downhole
motor. Current draw will increase by ~50mA (initially to a maximum of about 350
mA when closing the tool completely). Increase surface voltage slightly to provide
the necessary power.

9.1.3. The motor current should drop off when the tool has motored to its fully opened
(or closed) position. When the tool has fully opened (or closed), select STOP on the
MOTOR control window. This sends a neutral command to the tool and telemetry
acquisition will resume. Decrease surface voltage to its previous level.
9.1.4. No automatic timeout for the OPEN or CLOSE is provided. The STOP motoring
option is the only means to restart acquisition.
9.1.5. If the tool cannot be motored closed downhole (due to a tool, DC PSU, or wireline
failure, for example), it should be brought out of the hole. There is no fail-safe
motoring procedure possible, since the downhole processor must receive and act
upon a command from the surface in order for power to be routed to the motor.
9.1.6. A shear pin installed in the mandrel will allow the arms to collapse if a restriction is
encountered during recovery. This pin is designed to shear at about 4000 lbs of
wireline tension. However, as the pin becomes worn during normal use its strength
may be reduced. The pin should be removed and inspected as part of the Level 1
PM procedure (refer to Section 0) and replaced as necessary.
9.2 General Procedures

If the 2346XA Four-Arm CCL is being run with the SBT, the CCL must have SW1 set to
Position F and SW2 set to Position 6.
When the SBT is first powered up, the tool table must be uploaded to the surface before
attempting to issue any Tool Control commands.
1. Power up the tool and establish communication as described in Section 3 . In the

ACQUISITION TABLE CONTROL Tool Control window, select UPLOAD TOOL TABLE.
2. Open the tool in a representative section of the casing. Ideally this should be in free pipe,
but anywhere that some casing signal can be seen will be acceptable.
3. In the PIPE Tool Control window, enter appropriate casing size and weight and the
appropriate cement compressive strength and select SET. Look at the SUBCYCLE CONTROL
window again, and make sure that the values are still non-zero.
4. In the SUBCYCLE CONTROL Tool Control window, check to make sure that all fields have
numbers (not all zeros). If the fields are all zeros, cycle tool power and repeat the table
upload procedure.
5. In the DIGITIZED WAVEFORM Tool Control window, select DUAL subcycle type.
6. With the tool communicating in DUAL subcycle mode, cycle through all subcycles 1–12 by
entering the appropriate number in the SUBCYCLE NO. field of the DIGITIZED WAVEFORM
window. In the WAVE display, the waveform for each subcycle should be two short waves,
with pick pulse spikes bracketing each first arrival. See Figure 11.

7. These pick pulses indicate the position of the gate that will be used to measure the
amplitudes. If the pick pulses are not properly positioned, set the casing parameters in the
PIPE Tool Control window again; it may be necessary to adjust N-Delay or F-Delay slightly
(sliding gate should be able to make these changes automatically).
Figure 11: SBT Dual Waveform Display
8. Switch back to SINGLE type in the DIGITIZED WAVEFORM window. Close the tool and drop
down to the bottom of the zone to be logged. Open the tool and re-issue the PIPE
command (and or N-Delay/F-Delay if required earlier). The sliding gate will have changed
delays while the tool is closed.
9. Record a normalization pass (preferably of at least 400 ft or 120 m). Load the resulting
normalizations using the NORMALIZATION Tool Control window. Look at the DUAL
waveforms again; they should appear OK. Close the tool, drop back down to the bottom
of the zone to be logged, switch back to SINGLE Waveform type and record the main pass.
10. If the well contains multiple casing sizes that are to be logged, each casing will need to be
logged separately. Normalization passes will have to be made in each different casing.
Remember to use the PIPE command and verify gate positions before each normalization
pass, and that the new normalization factors must be manually loaded before recording
each main pass.
9.3 Amplitude (amp) Measurement

Older types of CBL instruments produced an amplitude measurement, typically in
millivolts from a 3-foot transmitter-receiver spacing. The SBT does not have a T-R pair
with this geometry. The SBT’s amplitude measurement, therefore, is a synthetic
measurement based upon the pad signals. Since this is a synthetic measurement, its use
is strongly discouraged except where a customer absolutely requires it for comparison to
older CBL logs.
Unlike older tools, the SBT’s primary measurement is attenuation, not amplitude. The SBT’s
amplitude value is then computed from the attenuation based on the following
relationship:

- 20
α= • log ALOG
∆ AFP
where:
α = attenuation
Δ = T-R spacing
AFP = Amplitude in Free Pipe
ALOG = Amplitude
This is the same equation used for attenuation measurements from older CBL tools, but in
the case of the SBT, the unknown is the amplitude. Solving for ALOG gives:
-∆
α•
ALOG = AFP • 10 20
The free-pipe amplitude AFP is calculated based on the values entered for the casing size
and weight in the SBT:PIPE Tool Control window. This is based on tests made on various
casing samples, and as a result may not accurately predict the free pipe amplitude for all
sizes, weights, grades and conditions of pipe. To provide an acceptable amplitude
presentation, it may be necessary to manually adjust the FP AMP parameter in the
SBT:PIPE Tool Control window.
9.4 Pipe-Conveyed Operation

During pipe-conveyed operation, tool rotation will be restricted. In horizontal pipe, if
channels are present, they are most likely to be located at the top and/or bottom of the
pipe. Since the tool cannot rotate, use of normalization factors obtained in this condition
may result in improper correction of later logs. Refer to Section 5.1 for information about
proper procedures when channeling and no tool rotation are encountered.
9.5 Large casing Operations

For large casing operations, please refer to SBT Beyond Deployment Requirements and
Assembly Instructions (AMO-GLB-WS-101659).
9.6 SBT Displays

There are four acquisition system displays used specifically by the SBT:
• SBT Cement Map
• SBT Variable Density Log (VDL)
• Show2D (display only - not plotted)
• Wave (display only - not plotted)
See instructions for using Show2D (ESG-DATASH2D) and Wave (ESG-DATAWAVE).

9.6.1 SBT Cement Map Log Presentation

A special five-intensity presentation of the six Attenuation curves called a Cement
Map (cemr, cemc, cemo) is available as a display as well as part of the
Segmented Array Log Presentation. The intensity of the cement map sectors are
determined by the attenuation curves’ values and the High and Low Cutoffs.
The High Cutoff parameter corresponds to an 80% bonded situation. If an
attenuation curve is greater than the High Cutoff, the sector of the map measured
by that curve will be black.
The Low Cutoff parameter corresponds to a 20% bonded situation. If an
attenuation curve is less than the Low Cutoff, the corresponding sector will be
clear. The remaining shadings in between the high and low cuts are linearly
related to the attenuation of that sector in dB/ft.
The Relative Bearing curve may be employed to rotate the map (sbtmap_rb.log),
so that the low side of the borehole is always at the far left/far right side of the
display. Refer to Section 5.2 for additional information.
The High and Low Cutoffs are computed under the PIPE window as a function of
Cement Compressive Strength, Free Pipe Attenuation, and Casing Thickness. Be
aware that under some conditions, PIPE may not provide the best values for High
and Low Cutoffs due to the inaccuracy of the Cement Compressive Strength
information, or a poor relationship between Cement Compressive Strength and
acoustic attenuation.
Figure 12: SBT Cement Map Display

The cement map display does not accurately picture the attenuation curve
Condition:
data (i.e., known free pipe is not clear).
May Indicate: Poor High Cutoff and Low Cutoff parameter values.
Explanation: Bad Compressive Strength input in PIPE command.
Observe the average attenuation value over the entire Log. Look for a
maximum repeatedly demonstrated value. This value is probably a good
indication of the maximum attenuation generated by the combination of pipe
size and weight, and cement compressive strength at the time the Log was
Solution: run.
Although High and Low Cutoffs can be entered manually using the Options,
Images control box on the Log Display, it is recommended that changes to
these parameters be instead effected by using a different Compressive
Strength input with the PIPE Tool Control window. Refer to Section 4.6 .
Note Overriding High and Low Cutoffs manually will not update the
parameter listing.
9.6.2 Variable Density Log Presentation (VDL)

The Variable Density Log (VDL) is used to:
− Give some indication of the degree of cement-to-formation bonding;
− Depict pipe arrivals.

Figure 13: SBT VDL Display
9.6.3 SBT Show2D Display
In this display, the transmitter - near receiver, far receiver pad numbers for each
subcycle are listed in the first column. In the subsequent columns from left to right
are the curve values for the near amplitudes, far amplitudes, near travel times,
near-far delta-T, near gains, and far gains. This window is useful for calling
attention to some potential tool or operation problems. For example, note F Amp
and delta-T across from 3-4,5 in Figure 14; F Amp is value zero, and delta-T is
significantly larger than all the others.

Figure 14: Sample SBT SHOW2D Information
Condition: One or more of the rows starting from the bottom are displayed in red.
May Indicate: The tool is not completing its firing cycles; probably due to logging too fast.
The tool sends a status word which indicates by set bits which subcycles have
been successfully completed. When the tool is asked for data before
completing its firing sequence, it will send a complete data packet; however,
Explanation:
the data from the incomplete subcycles will be left over from a previous
acquisition. The status word is decoded, and incomplete cycles are indicated
by corresponding data displayed in red.
Solution: Reduce logging speed.
A travel time value appears inconsistent to other travel times or incorrect

Condition:
for the casing weight and size.
May Indicate: A gate delay is wrong.
A change in casing size or weight may have occurred. Note that the sliding
gate will probably have automatically adjusted the gate delays. However,
Explanation:
computations for attenuation may now be incorrect due to incorrect value for
spacing.
Check expected wellbore geometry information. If a change has occurred,
return to the point of change and execute an appropriate PIPE Tool Control
Solution: window command. This condition also could indicate a tool malfunction, or
poor pad contact due to residual cement or scale in the casing, or gross
decentralization.
Condition: A gain is at a constant maximum (21 dB/ft maximum).

May Indicate: A gate delay is wrong.
Upload the tool’s acquisition table via the ACQUISITION TABLE CONTROL Tool
Solution: Control window. Check the gate delays via the SUBCYCLE CONTROL Tool
Control window. If necessary, change gate delays.

In the presence of very well cemented casing, raw amplitudes will

Note be at their lowest value and AGC at or near maximum. In this
case, no action is required.
This condition also could indicate a tool malfunction or pad contact problem.
9.6.4 SBT Wave Display
The tool sends up only one waveform. The DIGITIZED WAVEFORM window gain
control can be used to amplify the single digitized waveform (refer to Section 4.4 ).
If required, increase the gain to obtain formation arrivals. If possible, avoid higher
gain settings, which saturate the waveforms in the early arrivals (350-600 µsec) in
free pipe.
The purpose is to depict changes in total travel time as a function of
lithology/porosity. In slow gas-bearing formations, saturation of early arrivals may
be unavoidable in order to observe these changes. This gain is not controlled by
the downhole Automatic Gain Control.
Figure 15 and Figure 16 depict two waveform display types using the same window:
Figure 15: SBT Waveform Display (SINGLE Subcycle)
Figure 16: SBT Waveform Display (DUAL Subcycle)
Presently, these displays are used as described below.

• With the SINGLE type: to verify that the VDL section of the tool is working during
the log (weak cement and weak formation arrivals are depicted in Figure 15).
• With the DUAL type: to verify gate settings on all subcycles after making the
necessary changes to the downhole acquisition table via the DIGITIZED
WAVEFORM Tool Control window (as in Figure 16). N-AMP and F-AMP
correspond to the amplitude of the positive peaks between the tick marks of
the Near and Far wave in A/D units.
When changing the TYPE display between SINGLE and DUAL in the
Note DIGITIZED WAVEFORM Tool Control window, it is necessary to
manually re-adjust the scale settings for each display.
Scale settings do not depict accurate time on the waveform; however, this has
minimal impact. Keep in mind that digitization of displayed waves starts 42 µsec
prior to delay. Read tool delays (Subcycle Control) and/or travel times (Show2D)
for comparison and consistency.
9.7 SBT Log Presentations

The standard log presentation formats are listed below. There are no special reports
associated with SBT, aside from the Parameter Listing, Normalization Report, and
Calibration Tail.
9.7.1 SBT Primary Presentations (VDL or WAVE)

A VDL plot can be produced using sbtvdl.log (see Figure 17).
A wave-type presentation (wiggle plot) can be created using sbtwave.log (see
Figure 18).

Figure 17: SBT Primary Presentation-VDL

Figure 18: SBT Primary Presentation-WAVE
9.7.2 SBT Cement Map Log Presentation
9.7.2.1 cemr, cemc and cemo Curves

The attenuation curves (atc1, atc2, atc6) are processed in a three-
dimensional format to generate the cement map.
First, the six attenuation values are evenly spaced over a 361-sample matrix
and interpolation between the values is performed to complete the raw
array, cemr.

The low and high cutoffs entered in the PIPE Tool Control Window are used
to map the values of the cemr curve to specific values which always have
a low cutoff of 20 and a high cutoff of 80. The cemc array will reflect the low
and high cutoffs used when recording the file, without requiring the
engineer to change the low and high cutoffs in Plot Manager or the PDFs
before plotting the file.
Finally, the rb curve is used to orient the cemo array, such that the first
value of the array will represent 0° with respect to the low side of the hole.
Therefore, the cemo array can be plotted without using RBCurveName or
adjusting the cutoff values in the cemm.img file.
In summary:
• cemr — raw atc values; no rotation compensation

• cemc — same as cemr, but adds low cutoff=20, high
cutoff=80
• cemo — same as cemc, but compensated for rotation
9.7.2.2 Procedure for Producing the Cement Map Images

Use the following procedure to produce accurate cemc and cemo curves:
2. Acquire the data using the pipe size, weight, and cement compressive
strength values provided by the customer.
3. Plot or view the primary presentation, sbtvdl.log, to compare the low

and high values of the atav curve over intervals of constant pipe size,
weight, and cement compressive strength with the values used while
recording the data. Select the highest value of the attenuation
average (atav) over each interval where pipe size, weight and
cement compressive strength are assumed to remain constant. The
lowest value should be selected in an area where the pipe is free. Use
the simple formula below to verify the validity of the low and high
cutoffs used while acquiring the data:
high_atav_value - low_atav_value = atav_span
low_cutoff = low_atav_value + (.2)atav_span
high_cutoff = low_atav_value + (.8)atav_span
4. If no intervals exhibit good bonding, the user should not alter the
cutoff values computed in the PIPE Tool Control Window.

5. If no free pipe is found within an interval, use the equation below to

find the atav_span:
atav_span = 1.25(high_atav_value - FP ATTN)
The above assumption can be made safely because the cement
compressive strength does not affect the attenuation value of free
pipe and the cement compressive strength is the most difficult of the
three variables to measure.
6. Compare the low and high cutoffs computed from the log with the
values computed in the PIPE Tool Control Window, to verify that the
values used while acquiring the data were representative of the
actual conditions.
If the cutoff values used during real-time acquisition of the cemc and
cemo curves do not compare within .5 dB/ft, the curves should be re-
generated from the RDR using the calculated low and high cutoff
values to create more accurate curves.
It is preferable to achieve changes to high and low cutoffs

by selecting a different cement compressive strength
value in the SBT Pipe Parameter window.
Note As an alternative, since the acquisition system does not
allow the user to input depths at which to invoke the low
and high cutoff values, the user must enter the values at
the correct depth while recording the data file.
9.7.2.3 Cement Map Orientation

The sbtmap_rb.log file presents the oriented image from cemo.
The Cement Map should be compensated for rotation in deviated
boreholes to enhance the appearance of the print and to clarify the
interpretation of the data. When the deviation of the borehole is very low
(0–5°), the rb curve may shift abruptly. This will cause the cement map to
exhibit abrupt shifts. In these cases it is preferable to plot cemr or cemc,
which are not compensated for rotation.
In cases where the raw array from cemr should be plotted, the
sbtmap_raw.log file can be used as the presentation in Plot Manager. The
non-rotated image can be presented with cutoffs applied using the
sbtmap_no_rb.log file, which presents cemc.
The RotationAngle attribute is available in the cemr.img, cemc.img and
cemo.img PDFs to provide the ability to shift the image by a constant angle
if required. The default value for Rotation Angle is 0.
See Figure 19 for an example of sbtmap_rb.log.

Figure 19: SBT Cement Map Presentation (Oriented Map)

10 Instrument Combinations
10.1 Introduction
The 1424XA Segmented Bond Tool must be run in combination with the 1633EA Acoustic
Common. Normal options include the 1424PA VDL sub, a 1309XA Gamma Ray, and either a
2330XA or 2346XA CCL. The 2435XA Compensated Neutron is also supported. If the 2346XA
Four-Arm CCL is being run with the SBT, the CCL must have SW1 set to Position F and SW2
set to Position 6.
Available instruments are shown in the following table:
Instrument Series OD Power Requirement Switch Position

CCL 2330XA 3 5/8-in. passive 6
CCL 2346XA 3 5/8-in. passive 1-6 2-6
GR 1309XA 3 5/8-in. 30 ma 1-6 2±
CN 2435XA 3 5/8-in. 30 ma 2 (PCM)
COMMON 1633EA 3 3/8-in. 85 ma N/A
25 ma (cycling)
200 ma (motor
SBT 1424XA 3 3/8-in. open) N/A
300 ma (motor
close)
VDL 1424PA 3 3/8-in.
Cablehead voltage should be 150 vdc.
Avoid equipment damage!

Vertical make-up procedures must be used, and neither
NOTICE the 1424XA nor PA should be lifted to vertical while
connected with any other instrument. To do so will surely
damage these instruments.

10.2 Special Considerations

• The 1309XA Gamma Ray must have a DC power supply installed and the instrument
must be the current revision.
• The 2435 Compensated Neutron must have a DC power supply installed, and the
instrument must be the current revision.
Porosity information from the 2435 centralized in the

borehole is, at best, suspect. It is recommended that the
NOTICE short-spaced neutron only be used as a correlation
device.
• Because all acquisition is done in the 1633EA, there is no longer an analog adjustment
at the surface for CCL. Sensitivity changes for CCL can be accomplished through the
Normalization selection from the Proc menu bar pull-down. GAIN and SHIFT
normalization are allowed for CCL. Additionally, there is an analog pot in the 1633EA
that can be adjusted. The pot is located on the RUC board and is designated as R1.
10.3 SBT-RPM Simultaneous Logging

• For this combination a 1633EB running at 40 KHz is needed. Use the following user
guide to run this service: OPS-GLB-WS-102958
10.4 XMAC-SBT Combination

• For this combination, a 3514XB is required with FMN 2016-30 implemented. Refer to the
following user guide to run this service: OPS-GLB-WS-104791
11 Hostile Environment Operating Procedures

Other than a recent PM, there are no special considerations for hostile environment operations.
The instrument temperature specifications must be observed.

12 LOG Quality
12.1 Logging Speed

Optimum logging speed is 30 fpm (9 M/min). The 3504 communication protocol
combined with surface processing and the full tool cycle duration places a practical
upper limit on logging speed. Maximum logging speed is 35 fpm (10.7 m/min). Watch the
SBT Show2D Display for row data changing color. Refer to Section 9.6.3 .
Since a radiation detector (e.g., Gamma Ray) is normally part of the string, this is not an
unreasonable limiter. Slower logging speeds will not necessarily improve resolution of the
acoustic measurement.
12.2 Log Heading

The Standard Cased Hole Heading is used with the SBT.
It is essential that all log heading entries be completed. It is not

Note possible to quantitatively interpret a bond log without cement
and casing data.
Type cement, slurry weight, additives, setting time, etc. all affect cement compressive
strength. These parameters as well as cement placement, cement thickness and pipe
wall thickness are the primary factors influencing attenuation rate. For more on this
subject, refer to Section 14 .
12.3 Repeatability
The segmented array presentation cannot be expected to repeat on a segment-by-
segment basis. On consecutive passes, any given attenuation segment will undoubtedly
come up a different path on the casing wall. As such, all segments will be observing a
different cement condition unless the well is perfectly cemented or perfectly free. Refer to
Section 14 .
The Average Attenuation curve (atav) should repeat to within 1 dB or 10% of the log value.
12.4 Log Data Accuracy

The downhole instrument is calibrated in situ for variations in each segment. The SBT
Normalization factors are generated by this calibration and must be presented as the SBT
NORMALIZATION RESULTS section of the Log Presentation header for each file recorded.
The RB curve plots tool orientation relating the six segments to the low side of the hole.
Accuracy is ±5° when the hole angle is 1°. Better resolution is expected at higher hole
angles.

12.5 Centralization
Because attenuation measurements are made at pad-mounted transmitters and
receivers, centralization is not as critical as with conventional tools. Mandrel eccentricity
will not affect the measurements unless it is so severe as to cause loss of pad contact.
Successful logs have been produced with standard centralization to 60° hole deviation.
Roller standoffs are recommended for higher angle holes. Refer to Section 3.3 for
centralization recommendations.
Description of centralization is required in the remarks section of the log header and in the
tool diagram.
12.6 Log Quality Curves

DTMN and DTMX curves are the primary log quality indicators. They record the minimum
and maximum travel time between the near and far receivers divided by the receiver
spacing. Under normal circumstances both curves should be nearly equal to 57 µsec/ft. It
is expected that they will show different values when:
• Casing collars are logged.
• The instrument is decentralized.
• Near or far delay gates are misplaced.
• Residual cement or scale is inside the casing.
• Sometimes across known perforations.
These curves also will help the engineer to follow the behavior of the sliding gate
algorithm. When these curves track within 5 µsec/ft from each other (except in collars),
center value at 57 µsec/ft., there is a high probability that log data from the pads
accurately reflects cement conditions.
12.7 Free Pipe Attenuation Reading

Record a section of free pipe, when time permits, to monitor the performance of the SBT
pads. Verify the attenuation reading according to the interpretation charts. Report the tool
to the Lab when free pipe attenuation value is consistently reading more than 1 dB/ft
higher than the chart value.
The degradation of the pad coating causes the attenuation value to increase and to read
out of tolerance. Always verify the condition of the tungsten carbide coating on the
surface of the pad for signs of wear, missing coating or peel off.
13 LAC Requirements
Typically, no Geoscience Center processing is done. If log prints will be made at a Geoscience
Center, a copy of the full Job Archive tape must be provided.

14 Processing and Interpretation

Although the SBT is a more complex instrument than a conventional CBL, it is not affected by
many conditions downhole that seriously degrade other cement evaluation devices. So long as
quality practices are adhered to, the SBT product is far easier to interpret, and more information
may be obtained from the SBT.
14.1 The Segmented Measurement

The SBT uses a system consisting of six pads with associated mandrel and articulating
arms to generate six fully compensated segments of acoustic attenuation measurements
on the casing wall. Each segment encompasses an exact 60° arc for complete coverage
of the entire pipe circumference with no interference from adjacent segments.
Figure 20 is a representation of the pads unfolded. More than 360° (same pads repeated)
are presented to better depict the method of obtaining the six measurements. Each pad
houses one transmitter and one receiver.
Figure 20: Pads Unfolded
The pads are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, and 3, and the sequence of measurements

taken (segments of attenuation) is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 in that order.
Transmitters are on two planes perpendicular to the tool axis above and below the
receivers, which are on similar planes.
It is worth noting the difference between pads and segments. A pad is hardware, whereas
a segment is a measurement using two transmitters and two receivers.
The first segment of attenuation is acquired as follows:
• Transmitter 1 fires and receptions (amplitude measurements) are observed at
receivers on pads 2 and 3. An acoustic loss (attenuation) is expected.
• Transmitter on pad 4 fires and receptions are observed at pads 3 and 2. Again
an acoustic loss is expected.

• The four amplitudes are combined to produce an attenuation measurement

fully compensated for variations in receiver sensitivity and transmitter output.
The calculation is as follows:
𝑇𝑇1𝑅𝑅3∗𝑇𝑇4𝑅𝑅2
� �
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = −10 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇1𝑅𝑅2∗𝑇𝑇4𝑅𝑅3
– DBSP (db/ft)
𝐷𝐷
ATUn – attenuation compensated for sector “n”
𝑇𝑇1𝑅𝑅3 𝑇𝑇4𝑅𝑅2
The ratio is independent to power of T1, just as is to the power of T2.
𝑇𝑇1𝑅𝑅2 𝑇𝑇4𝑅𝑅3
The product is independent to the relative efficiencies of R2 and R3.
Note that R2 and R3 appear once in both numerator and denominator.
DBSP – Spreading loss factor. This is variable parameter is input as a result of

the PIPE command.
D – Distance between near and far receivers. This variable parameter is input
as a result of the PIPE command.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
ATCn – Attenuation of segment “n”

CATTNn – Normalization factor for segment “n”
The other five segments are similarly completed, and the sequence begins again.
14.2 Spreading Losses

Absolute values for measured attenuation with the SBT pad arrangement are higher than
those with conventional CBL instruments. This is due to the geometrical arrangement of
transducers, which produce measurements on a single diagonal segment rather than a
vertical path 360° around the pipe.
The arrangement is similar to affixing transducers to a plate rather than a pipe; see Figure
21. If all acoustic energy remained in the plate (no external losses), the collective energy in
the plate would remain the same out to the plate boundary.

Figure 21: Transducer Arrangement
However, with increasing distance from the transmitter to receivers 1 and 2, the intensity of
energy decreases. The receivers perceive a loss. These are SPREADING losses and have
nothing to do with attenuation of sound from a casing into cement.
Therefore, to absolutely measure losses due to the presence of cement, spreading losses
are subtracted from the measured losses before presentation. The theoretical value for
the DBSP is 3/spacing. See Figure 22.
Figure 22: Spreading Loss Factor

14.3 The Full Waveform

Immediately below the pad section of the tool is the VDL section. This consists of a
standard 5-foot spaced transmitter/receiver pair. From this section comes the full
waveform (XY or VDL), which is used primarily for evaluating cement at the formation
interface. All the standard rules for interpreting conventional 5-foot waveforms apply.
14.4 Advantages of the Pad System

Because measurements are made on pads at the inner casing wall over short spacings,
the pad system for the SBT has several advantages over conventional systems. These
advantages are detailed in Section 14.4.1 through Section 14.4.5 below.
14.4.1 Travel Time

Measurements of travel time with conventional tools are essentially variations in
the mud path time due to tool eccentricity or changes in mud composition. These
measurements are primarily used to indicate tool centering quality. Because the
SBT uses pads, there is no mud path and this type of measurement becomes
meaningless in this context.
As a consequence, the system is independent to tool eccentricity except in the
gross situation where pads can be compressed together at the bottom of a
sharply deviated hole. This condition will be detected by the DTMN and DTMX
curves; refer to Section 12 , LOG QUALITY. This is not likely to happen except when
holes exceed a 60° angle, and then roller standoffs will correct the problem.
14.4.2 Mud Composition

Because of the pads, the SBT is highly tolerant of various mud systems.
14.4.3 Fast Formation

The SBT pad spacings are short (6-in. to 1 ft.), depending on casing size. As
measurements are made on the casing wall, there is no interference by mud
arrivals. This allows usage of the short spacings, even in large-diameter pipe.
The benefit of the SBT pad spacing is that arrivals from low-transit-time
formations do not have sufficient distance to overtake casing-borne arrivals. This
may not always be true, especially when the acoustic path through cement is
short. If a thin cement sheath is present between the casing and the fast
formation, interference from formation arrivals is theoretically possible. No
evidence of such interference has been seen after running several thousand SBT
logs.

14.4.4 Segmented Evaluation of Cement

Conventional measurements comprise a 360° physical average over some
transducer spacing. Small voids and channels are easily lost in the average.
Typically, to accommodate shortcomings in the measurement, conservative
empirical criteria are used for hydraulic isolation.
The SBT quantitatively produces six discrete compensated measurements of
attenuation, each 60° wide. A 60° cement channel is the smallest that can be fully
resolved by the measurement. This does not mean that smaller channels cannot
be detected, only that the full dynamic range of the measurement will not be
observed.
14.4.5 360° Coverage

Unlike pulse echo techniques (such as those used by the HLS PET and
Schlumberger CET instruments), the SBT makes a full 360° examination of the
casing wall. Refer to Section 14.1 .
The pulse echo or radial reflection devices use several fixed transducers that
behave as both transmitters and receivers. An acoustic pulse is sent out to the
casing wall, and a reflection returns (see Figure 23). Due to the casing wall
curvature, only reflections directly in front of the transducer return to be measured.
Others are reflected away at the incident angle.
Figure 23: Pulse Echo Reflection
14.5 Interpretation
The SBT measurement is scaled in attenuation units, dB/ft or dB/M. This measurement is
well established and understood. There are two major differences between the SBT and a
conventional CBL tool:
• Six segments rather than a single 360° average curve is provided. An average
curve taken from the six segments is also provided.
• Due to SBT operating frequency, the relationship between free pipe attenuation
and pipe thickness is more evident. See the SBT Interpretation Chart in Figure
24 for Cement strength = 0.

With the exception of the minimum attenuation curve atmn, the information presented on
the primary presentation is interpreted exactly the same way as a conventional CBL. The
graph in Figure 24 relates cement compressive strength, pipe wall attenuation rate, and
pipe thickness. The graph can be used forward or backward, to get the cement strength
having the attenuation and pipe thickness as data, or to predict the maximum
attenuation expected having the cement strength and pipe thickness as data.
Figure 24: SBT Interpretation Chart

14.6 Pipe Command Calculations

The following are algorithms used by the ECLIPS system to generate logging parameters
from pipe and cement information.
Input Parameters
English Units Range Metric Units Range

Low High Low High
OD 4-in. 25-in. 100 mm 635 mm
Wt 8 lb/ft 120 lb/ft 11 Kg/M 180 Kg/M
CS 0 psi 10K psi 0 MPa 70 MPa
• ID = (OD2 - K1 Wt)1/2
English Metric
0.369 160
K1
THCKNESS = T = (OD-ID)/2
• Recording Spacing : D
D = (K2 ID2 + 0.3525)1/2 [ft]
English Metric
1.9 E-03 2.951 E-06

K2
• Db Spread: DBSP [db/ft]

DBSP = 3/D
• Near Delay = (K3 ID2 +1582.5)1/2 + 6.5 [µsec.]
English Metric
6.1856 9.588 E-03

K3
• Far Delay = (K4 ID2 + 5420.6)1/2 + 6.5 [µsec.]
English Metric
24.7425 3.832 E-02

K4

• Free Pipe Attenuation : ATTFP [db/ft]

ATTFP = a5 T5 - a4 T4 + a3 T3 - a2 T2 + a1 T - a0
English Metric
a0 2.66447 2.66447
a1 33.729 1.3279
a2 155.893 0.24163
a3 357.643 2.1825 E-02
a4 319.703 7.6809 E-04
a5 97.6402 9.2355 E-06
• Attenuation Span Cemented Pipe : ATTSP [db/ft]

K5 CS0.4
ATTSP = ────── [dB/ft]
(K6 T + 0.1)
English Metric
0.2117 1.5499
K5
1 3.937 E-02
K6
• LOW CUT = ATTFP + 0.2 ATTSP

• HIGH CUT = ATTFP + 0.8 ATTSP
• Free Pipe Amplitude : AFREE
AFREE = K7 OD -.600421 [mV.]
English Metric
223.606 1559.0
K7
• Unit conversions:
OD [inches] 0.03937 OD [mm]
Wt [lb/ft] 0.672 Wt [Kg/m]
CS [PSI] 145.0326 CS [MPa]

14.7 Pad Layout

Figure 25: Pad Layout

15 Troubleshooting and Operational Precautions
15.1 Pad Checks

Unlike conventional CBL instruments, the SBT pad section can be qualitatively checked out
on the catwalk before going in hole. Since transmitters and receivers are mounted on the
same pads, there is acoustic coupling between like-numbered transmitters and receivers.
During the course of normal data acquisition, these acoustic events can be ignored.
However, on the catwalk, the engineer can look at individual waveforms arriving down
each pad. The process is qualitative for three reasons:
• The casting of pads is not homogeneous. Pads contain microspheres of air,
and acoustic energy traveling down the pads must negotiate a tortuous path.
Amplitude and arrival time is therefore not totally predictable.
• The high-voltage transmitter leads will induce noise onto adjacent low-voltage
receiver leads, modulating acoustic information.
• No attempt is made to match transmitter to receiver response; however,
amplitude differences among the various pad responses are of no
consequence. The system uses two transmitters and two receivers for each
attenuation segment in such a way as to cancel out differences in transmitter
power and receiver efficiency.
What can be verified is that transmitters are all firing, and receivers are producing
waveforms.
The process calls for altering the Subcycle 0 acquisition table resident and functional in
the downhole instrument. Tables are resident-only in the surface system. The downhole
instrument has the capability of sending uphole one and only one digitized waveform.
That waveform can be defined to be any transmitter-receiver pair the engineer chooses.
Other parameters can also be altered, such as digitization rate, and start time in the table.
One thing to remember is that in SINGLE Subcycle Type (SBT Digitized Waveform Tool
Control window), the full waveform acquisition process uses all parameters in the table
except subcycle number. When in DUAL Subcycle Type, the process uses only the subcycle
number and ignores the other parameters. DUAL is only appropriate when in the well, in
fluid, and the position of amplitude gates are being adjusted.
The criteria for evaluating a pad section’s performance on the surface is to assure that all
transmitters and receivers are functional. A single transmitter or receiver not working will
eliminate the acquisition of two segments of attenuation.
A complete pad failure (transmitter and receiver) will eliminate the acquisition of four
segments of attenuation. See Figure 26 for help in understanding these considerations.
Either condition calls for pad or tool replacement before going in hole.
Refer to Section 15.4 and Section 15.5 for instruction on pad data acquisition.
Since the VDL sub (as in a conventional CBL) is a virtually identical transmitter/receiver
pair, transmitter firing can only be verified audibly.

15.2 Gated Waveforms and Tool Centralization

Regarding gated waveforms, it is recommended that the engineer keep the Show2D
window open, to view the digital information being sent to the surface by the tool for
consistency. In particular, look for near-equal values of NTT and delta-T (2–3 µsec).
Amplitudes and gains can vary drastically as a function of radial distribution of cement
and relative transducer efficiency.
After having completed pad checks, calibrated the radiation instrument(s), and checked
for CCL operation, proceed to go in the hole. Upon reaching the casing to be logged,
some adjustments and additional checks should be made.
The pad section should be open and the tool should be moved up or down the hole after
motoring to assure good pad placement. The pad section should not be across a casing
collar.
Enter the appropriate PIPE information and download it. The gate position can now be
examined.
Each of the 12 DUAL subcycles can be viewed in the Waveform Display window by toggling
through values of 1 to 12 (corresponding to subcycle numbers) in the Digitized Waveform
window with DUAL Subcycle selected.
Downhole software in the 1633EA employs sliding gates in all 12
DUAL subcycles. Sliding gates will alter the gate position left or
right to cause peak amplitude to be in the center of the gate.
Note This feature can be disabled by choosing No Sliding Gate in the
Subcycle Control window. Disabling sliding gate should only be
used when pad contact with the casing wall is intermittent or for
some other special condition in which the instrument cannot
reliably lock onto the first large positive peak.
DUAL Subcycle Type causes the downhole instrument to send up a digitized dual subcycle
signature in place of the full single waveform sent up in SINGLE mode. A DUAL subcycle
consists of a near and a far wave from a single pad transmitter as defined by the
individual subcycle (Subcycle Control window). For instance, when in DUAL type and
subcycle 1 is selected in the Digitized Waveform Window, then receptions at receivers 2
and 3 from transmitter 1 are sent to the surface.
Also, the downhole instrument sends up the position (opening and closing) of the near
and far gate superimposed on the waveforms. For convention, it is considered gating
across a positive E2 peak. This implies a small forerunner is present as well as a negative
E1.
A perfectly centered tool with properly adjusted gates should produce the DUAL subcycle
response in all 12 subcycles shown in Figure 26. In reality, some variations from this perfect
picture will be observed. Keep in mind that this is detection of peak amplitude in the gate,
and what is important is that the positive peak amplitude of E2 drives amplitude detection
in the gate.

Figure 26: SBT Log Interpretation
Two things must be kept in mind when looking at gated waveforms (DUAL type):
• The instrument is operating in AGC.
• Waveforms sent to the surface begin at 42 µsec before delay time, both near
and far arrival.
Since AGC values are selected based on amplitude in the gate, it could be gated over the
wrong arrival, yet the picture still looks okay. View travel times in the Show2D window for
verification.
Be careful not to include amplitudes from subsequent arrivals (E4) greater than this
positive, because peak detection will be on these arrivals resulting in erroneous
calculation of attenuation.
Figure 27 illustrates an example of erroneous peak detection. Sliding gate would make
adjustments to the near arrival to center on E2. However, because E4 is within the gate on
the far arrival, sliding gate would erroneously move F-delay to the center of negative E3
and log E4. Observe delta-T in the Show2D window to detect this condition.
Figure 27: Erroneous Peak Detection

Conversely, the gate should not be too early, or detection will be made only on the small
positive forerunner, excluding E2 detection. This too will cause unpredictable calculations
of attenuation.
Figure 28 is an example of an early gate selection. Again, observe the Show2D window for
verification.
Figure 28: Early Gate Selection
At any rate, all 12 subcycles can be examined by changing the subcycle numbers 1
through 12 in the Digitized Waveform Control window.
Fixed Gate consideration: If in Fixed Gate, some subcycles may not be perfectly gated due
to slight pad displacement and/or the somewhat non-symmetrical construction of the
pads. If an adjustment of 2-3 µsec would make an individual gate setting perfect, then
no adjustment is necessary. This is especially true if adjustment would require moving the
gate later in time, since in this condition, it is not affected by the large positive E4.
Figure 29 is an example of acceptable gate positions in fixed gate. Sliding gate would
make adjustments correcting on these gate positions.
Figure 29: Acceptable Gate Positions
The pad transducer frequency is 100Khz, and the default gate is therefore only 12
microseconds wide. An adjustment of 4 µsec or greater constitutes at least one third of
the total gate width. If acceptable gates in all 12 subcycles are not obtainable, consider
switching over to sliding gate or pulling out of hole and adding centralizers; or, going with
a backup instrument.

The more likely solution to this problem is additional centralizers. The engineer should be
able to verify this in a more vertical section of the hole.
The instrument is somewhat tolerant to decentralization. In grossly decentralized

conditions (more likely in deviated holes), pads tend to compress together at the bottom
of the hole, while pads at the top of the hole disperse. This would be true even if the pads
articulated independently, which they do not. With fixed gates in the tool, and a 100 Khz
operating frequency, such displacement may cause E2 to fall outside the fixed-position,
12-µsec, pre-selected gate. It can be gated on the forerunner in some cases and on E4 in
others. Calculations of attenuation will be erroneous and likely negative.
The sliding gate feature will provide additional insensitivity to decentralization. The
considered shortcoming of the sliding gate would be the condition of residual cement or
scale inside the casing, or other conditions that might cause intermittent pad contact
problems.
In this case, it is theoretically possible for the sliding gate to lock onto the wrong arrival
and slide out in time. The sliding gate would never recover on its own from this condition. If
this were to happen, it should be obvious to the engineer, since DTMN and DTMX will
depart severely from their normal behavior. The recovery method is to re-issue the PIPE
command. A valid log could not be obtained in such a circumstance over the bad
interval.
If the Pipe Command results in an improperly set gate,

several options can be used to correct the problem:
• Move the open tool up and down a few times in the
well, in case the pads are offset from the casing or
in a collar, then re-issue the Pipe Command.
• If the problem persists, another option would be to
enter a larger casing size than that being logged in
the Pipe Command and re-issue the Pipe
Command. This will cause the gates to shift and the
signal to fall into the gates. After the signals fall into
NOTICE the gate, enter the correct casing size in the Pipe
Command and re-issue again. The gates would
then be correct. For example, in 9-5/8-in. casing,
enter 20-in. casing, re-issue the Pipe Command,
and after the gates shift, change the pipe size back
to 9-5/8-in. and issue the Pipe Command again.
The Sliding Gate must be enabled.
• As a last resort, it is also possible to choose fixed
gate, then issue a pipe command, setting the gates
at a fixed value.

15.3 Amplitudes, Travel Times, and AGC

The following considerations assume that the tool is set up and functioning properly as
described in Section 9.2 .
Examining all 24 amplitudes, travel times, and Automatic Gain Controls (AGC) can be a
useful procedure in determining if a tool is functioning properly, and/or troubleshooting a
tool that is believed to be not functioning properly (Show2D window).
Because all raw data from the tool is available, different combinations of transmitter and
receiver can be examined for amplitude, travel time and AGC.
15.3.1 Amplitude
Amplitude values for near receivers would all be equal, and amplitude values for
far receivers would all be equal in a perfect tool, in a radially homogeneous
medium. This condition is not necessary for the instrument to produce valid,
accurate attenuation measurements because calculations of attenuation are
compensated for transmitter power and receiver efficiency. Even so, the
compensation technique is not without limits.
If in a radially homogeneous condition (fully free or fully cemented), a transmitter
or receiver is consistently involved in acquiring unusually low amplitudes (less
than 1/2 of other amplitudes in the data set), then that pad should be monitored
as a candidate for replacement. The engineer should not be too hasty in coming
to this decision, since large differences in amplitudes do not rule out acquisition of
good logs, if noise levels are low.
15.3.2 Travel Time

Downhole software reports near travel time and [far-near (Δt)] travel time with
each tool subcycle.
Travel time values ideally should all be the same for near receivers and all be the
same for far receivers. In practice, these will have a range of about 3-4
microseconds from largest to smallest with a well centered tool. Additionally, near
travel times should all be about 6 microseconds greater than the gate delay.
Travel time picks are made at the peak positive value following the gate delay;
see Figure 30.
The travel time pick will not be made unless the amplitude is in excess of threshold
(N-Th, F-Th in the Subcycle Control window). In such cases, end of gate will be
reported as travel time.
Figure 30: Travel Time Pick

If a travel time value is out of the expected range for the set, or is equal to or much
later than gate delay, then the DUAL subcycle involving that travel time value
should be examined. It may be that the gate delay position can be improved upon.
However, it is not advisable to adjust individual gate positions for a single subcycle
to accommodate this situation. (Sliding gate feature will make individual
adjustments.) More likely this is a centralization problem, the tool is in a collar, or
the pads are not well distributed on the wall for some other reason. Use only the
group command (ALL selection in the Subcycle Control Window) to adjust gates.
15.3.3 Automatic Gain Control

The downhole instrument uses an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) to maximize on
dynamic range of individual amplitudes. Dependent on amplitude value of the
previous sample at each receiver, an analog gain is applied to the present
received amplitudes. AGC is therefore updated at each complete cycle of the tool
for all received waveforms.
The signal then goes through analog-to-digital (AD) conversion. Amplitude and
travel time are measured, and the amount of gain used during the analog stage is
digitally removed from amplitude. These restored values are accumulated in the
data package for transmission uphole. The size of the AGC value is also reported
to the surface with the data package.
AGC values should be smallest in unsupported, lightweight, small pipe (e.g., 4.5-in.
9.5 lb/ft casing). This is because raw amplitudes coming from the receiver should
be largest in this condition. Largest values of AGC will also occur in small
lightweight pipe, but in addition, good cement of high acoustic impedance
(normally also high compressive strength) must be present. At any rate, AGC
values equal to 21 dB/ft, especially on the near receiver, will occur in a well-
cemented interval or especially heavy wall pipe. If this is not the case, then the
individual subcycles with high AGC values should be re-examined (DUAL mode,
subcycle x). Additionally, one should consider whether the tool might be in a collar
or decentralized.
15.4 Unusual Circumstances
15.4.1 Gas-Filled Hole

There have been bona fide reports of obtaining valid logs from the pad sections in
air- or gas-filled casing. There have been numerous other cases where this clearly
has not worked. Baker Hughes should not sell the log as being able to deliver this
capability. Baker Hughes can only say that it has worked occasionally.

15.4.2 Cement on Inner Wall of Pipe or Junk in the Hole

The SBT is a pad device. As such, it depends on acoustic communication with the
pipe by physical contact. If, for instance, the customer has cemented the inside of
the casing and not adequately cleaned the casing with bit and scraper, it is likely
that invalid logs will be produced. This should be easily recognizable, because
attenuation values will oscillate wildly across the log grid. Additionally, DTMN and
DTMX will depart significantly from their 3-4 µsec separation. Further, it can easily
be confirmed, since the phenomenon of clean casing (good log interval) to
cemented casing (invalid log) will repeat on depth.
Another circumstance that can produce invalid logs is junk in the hole.
Unfortunately, although some strange attenuations can be expected, they are not
likely to repeat on depth. What happens is that the junk becomes lodged in the
pad linkages or between the pads and the pipe wall.
For the reasons just cited, it is highly recommended that a junk basket and gauge
ring be run on the wireline in advance of the SBT. This is to the customer’s
advantage, since it improves the chances of obtaining a quality log on the first
pass and certainly reduces the risk of the SBT becoming stuck in the hole.
15.5 Pad Data Checks

There are two methods of checking pad data.
• The first and easiest method is to go into the CAL/VER menu and select SBT.
Refer to Section 5.5 for information on calibration procedures.
• The second method takes longer, but the engineer has the opportunity to
visually examine each pad response in the Wave display. With the SBT powered
up and communicating in STANDBY mode, the engineer can examine
waveforms traveling down pads on the scope. The downhole instrument
digitizes one and only one full waveform and sends it up the wireline
Manchester encoded.
15.5.1 Objective
Examine acoustic arrivals traveling down individual pads.
15.5.2 Conditions
1424XA SBT and 1633EA Acoustic Common on surface, powered up and
communicating. Pads open or closed.
Tool is running in (default) SINGLE subcycle.

15.5.3 Procedure
A. Bring up the Digitized Waveform Tool Control window.

B. Change Start Time to 50 µsec.
C. Change Sample Period to 1 µsec.
D. Change Transmitter to 1.
E. Change Receiver to 1.
The full waveform from the transmitter on pad 1 as received at the receiver on pad
1 should now be observed on the scope.
Pass/No Pass is strictly the indication that a waveform is present on the scope.
By subsequently entering Transmitter and Receiver values 2 through 6, all pads
can be examined.
The downhole instrument sends up one and only one full

Note waveform as defined by the Digitized Waveform Tool Control
window. Before going into RECORD mode to obtain a log, all table
parameters should be returned to the default values.
15.6 Acoustic Impedance versus Compressive Strength

The response of all cement evaluation tools, SBT included is dependent on the acoustic
properties of the cement used rather than its compressive strength. In years past there was good
correlation between compressive strength and acoustic properties (Acoustic Impedance to be
specific), however with the introduction of exotic cement slurries with all manner of additives this
correlation has been greatly compromised. In the face of this development, and when we
encounter these exotic slurries, the following chart has been useful for producing an "apparent"
cement compressive strength value based on expected acoustic impedance values provided by
the customer for generation of a more realistic cement map.
Acoustic impedance is the arithmetic product of sound velocity in a medium times the density of
the medium. The unit of measure commonly used is MegaRayls or MRayls whose units are
106Kg/m2sec. It is conceivable the cementing company may not readily offer this value to you,
but your customer can have it for the asking.
Using the Chart:
Having determined that an exotic cement slurry is to be encountered and obtained expected
acoustic impedance from the customer, then choose that value from the chart and read the
corresponding apparent compressive strength. This apparent compressive strength is to be used
as input to the acquisition system for generation of a useful cement map.

Some Cautions:
Compressive strength is a stress at which material fails under compression, and for the most
part is a non-linear phenomenon. Acoustic impedance is a product of density and velocity
(which is the function of Young's modulus - linear property) - therefore it is based on linear
material properties. Strictly speaking for an arbitrary material those properties would not be
linearly connected. However, for a very specific material (cement) we could probably assume
that such a linear relationship would hold in most cases. Please understand that this is just an
approximation and also that for specialized cements (foamed, with beads, etc.) there may be
some substantial deviations from this relationship. In all cases, this method should be an
improvement over just using an arbitrary compressive strength entry.
Example:
The SBT has an accuracy of +/- 1 dB/ft around the true value. The SBT interpretation chart shows
that the dynamic range between free pipe and cemented pipe of a given compressive strength
cement gets lower as the casing wall gets thicker. The lower acoustic impedance will further
compress that range and if low enough will offset entirely the 1 dB/ft tool resolution accuracy.
As an example, let’s take the case of a casing wall of 0.6” and a cement with an acoustic
impedance of 3.0 MRayls. In this condition, the apparent compressive strength of the cement will
be 875 psi. For this casing thickness, the SBT is projected to read 5 dB/ft in free pipe and an 875
psi fully cemented pipe is projected to read 9.3 dB/ft. This will result in 4.3 dB/ft dynamic range
between free and cemented pipe.
Since this method is an approximation the cautions described above regarding specialized
cements needs to be considered, and the recommendation is not to log a Lightweight Cement
unless the dynamic range is more than 5 dB/ft.
Calculation of Apparent
Compressive Strength
Apparent
Acoustic
Compressive
Impedance
Strength
2.0 0
2.5 438
3.0 875
3.5 1313
4.0 1750
4.5 2188
5.0 2625
5.5 3063
6.0 3500
7.0 4375

Apparent Compressive Strength vs Acoustic Impedance
5000
4500
Apparent Compressive Strength
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 7.0
Acoustic Impedance
16 Level 1 Preventive Maintenance

Please refer to the following 1424 SBT documents:
• 1424XA/XB Level 1 Preventive Maintenance (130627-951)
• 1424PA Level 1 Preventive Maintenance (130401-951)

17 Transportation and Handling

The 1424PA section and 1424MA pad mandrel must not be lifted together.
The 1424MA pad mandrel must be transported in the closed position. If it cannot be motored
closed, the pads should be carefully forced closed by hand and then secured with tape.
Fingers can be pinched when forcing the pads closed

Possible hand/finger injury
• Use caution to avoid pinching fingers
• Do not attempt this manual closing procedure
alone. Closure and taping requires at least two
persons
• Wear proper safety gloves

1424 SBT ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide

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Element or Subelement: Operations

1424 SBT ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide

4 SBT Tool Control Menu .................................................................................................................................. 16

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 1 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

4.4 Digitized Waveform ..................................................................................................................................................21

5 Calibration and Verification....................................................................................................................... 26

6 Subsets and Curves ...................................................................................................................................... 31

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 2 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

9.6.3 SBT Show2D Display ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41

10 Instrument Combinations .......................................................................................................................... 50

11 Hostile Environment Operating Procedures ............................................................................................ 51

13 LAC Requirements ........................................................................................................................................ 53

15 Troubleshooting and Operational Precautions ..................................................................................... 63

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 3 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

15.4 Unusual Circumstances ....................................................................................................................................... 69

16 Level 1 Preventive Maintenance .................................................................................................................73

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 4 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 5 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Terms and Definitions

Health, Safety and Environment

The 1424XA SBT pad section is heavy

Pinch hazard with moving machinery

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 6 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 7 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Measurement Range 0-22 dB/ft Compensated attenuation

3 Instrument (Surface) Setup

3.1 Tool Power

3.1.1 ECLIPS HP 730 Systems (2085 DC PSU)

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 8 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

3.1.2 ECLIPS-S HP 743 Systems (2010 DC PSU)

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 9 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

To bitwise verify communication, invoke the SETCOM (xsetcom) communications utility,

When running the SBT on a multi-conductor wireline, remove pins

3.3 Centralization Recommendations

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 10 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Standard Baker Hughes four-arm, feed-thru, spring centralizer. Except in very

3.3.2 4341XA Baker Hughes WTS Centralizers

3.3.4 Brandt Centrollers

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 11 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

3.3.5 Baker Hughes Spring Centralizers

Maximum Centralizer OD Force/Compression/Spring

153349-000 9.7 8.0

153346-000 12.7 9.5

The minimum centralizer OD is 4.5-in. (retaining collars). Either 3 or 6 springs can

3.3.6 Standoff and Arm Assemblies

3.3.7 Other Equipment Available

184163-000 6 Arm Assy. 5.875-in. OD

184164-000 6 Arm Assy. 9.875-in. OD

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Placement of centralizers is defined in terms of numbers as to the sites on the tool

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Zone Centralizers/Springs Site Comments

1 Gemoco 2 Consider using the 184155 standoff

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Zone Centralizers/Springs Site Comments

Note Similar Gemoco combinations could be used in the following

Zone Centralizers/Springs Site Comments

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 15 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Zone Centralizers/Springs Site Comments

4 SBT Tool Control Menu

Uncontrolled when printed or transmitted electronically Page 16 of 74 Baker Hughes – Confidential

Figure 2: SBT Tool Control Menu