Baker Hughes Obm Procedure

Level: L2 - Procedure Tier: GLB - Global
Document Type: Operation Manual

Sub Element: Operations
Doc Number: OPS-GLB-DCF-100572
Rev: B
Effective Date: 20 October 2016
MPRESS and MPRESS HT Operations Manual
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Responsibility and Authority ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Governance Documents ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Terms and Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.6 Description of Activity .................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.6.1 System Composition .................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Key Operational Considerations.................................................................................................................................. 7
1.8 Benefits .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Safety and Regulatory ................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Stop Work Process ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Journey Management ................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Personal Protective Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Hand Safety ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Hand Protection ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.6 Facial Protection ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.7 Well Site Safety ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.8 Chemical Handling (Safety Data Sheets) .................................................................................................................... 9
3 Pre-Job Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Rig Arrival ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 Rig Orientation ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.1.2 Journey Management Plan .......................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.3 Review Handover Notes............................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.4 Rig Familiarization........................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.5 Mud program .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Inventory and Mud Testing Equipment ..................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 Inventory .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Revision History
Rev. RDR Amendment Detail Reviewer Approver Effective Date
Current Revision
OPS- Richmond, 20 October
B Revised to include MPRESS HT system and products. McElya, Dave S
2573/JB Michael (BHDF) 2016
Three Previous Revisions
A -- Initial Release D. Marshall S. Willis 16 Apr 2014
https://dms.bakerhughes.com/sites/operations/workArea/100572/OPS-GLB-DCF-100572.dotm MA-GLB-En-100030 Rev. G
Copyright 2014, 2016 BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED—Unpublished—This document (together with the information thereon) is the property of Baker Hughes
Incorporated (Baker Hughes). By accepting or accessing this document the recipient agrees this document (together with its contents) is confidential and is an
unpublished copyright work with all rights reserved to Baker Hughes and is further subject to return on demand. It may not be copied, reproduced, or disclosed in
any form, in whole or in part, without express consent of Baker Hughes. It may not be used directly or indirectly in any way detrimental to Baker Hughes’s interest
and is not rented, loaned or sold, either alone or in conjunction with equipment or product, and does not comprise a part of any customer project or service.
Page 1 of 41
Uncontrolled when printed—confirm the correct revision is used Baker Hughes—Company Confidential
OPS-GLB-DCF-100572 Rev: B
Effective Date: 10/20/2016
3.2.2 Mud Testing Equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 10
4 Operating Procedures ................................................................................................................. 11

4.1 Building MPRESS........................................................................................................................................................ 11
4.1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.2 Liquid Mud Plant (LMP) Mixing Procedures ............................................................................................................... 11
4.1.3 Maintaining System While Drilling .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.2 Fluid Displacement ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.1 Communicate the Plan ............................................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.2 Pre-Displacement Procedure ..................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.3 OBM Displacement (Single Stage) ............................................................................................................................. 17
4.3 Testing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4 Modeling ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4.1 Hole Cleaning and ECD Modeling .............................................................................................................................. 18
4.4.2 Torque and Drag Modeling......................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4.3 Friction Factors Modeling ........................................................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Reporting ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5 Post Job Procedures ................................................................................................................... 19

5.1 Final Inventory Closeout ............................................................................................................................................ 19
5.2 End of Well reporting .................................................................................................................................................. 19
5.3 Mud Testing Equipment.............................................................................................................................................. 19
5.4 Hydraulic simulations ................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.5 HSE Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................................................ 20
6 Specifications............................................................................................................................... 20
7 Fault Finding ................................................................................................................................ 20
7.1 Fluid Properties ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
7.1.1 MPRESS with BHT less than 275°F........................................................................................................................... 20
7.1.2 MPRESS HT with BHT greater than 275°F ................................................................................................................ 20
7.2 Hole Conditions........................................................................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Tripping ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21
8 Job Aids........................................................................................................................................ 22
8.1 Chemistry..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
8.1.1 MP-MUL / MP-MUL HT .............................................................................................................................................. 22
8.1.2 MP-HOLD / MP-HOLD HT ......................................................................................................................................... 23
8.1.3 MP-COTE................................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.1.4 MP-FLC / CARBO-TROL 375 .................................................................................................................................... 24
8.2 Lag Modeling ............................................................................................................................................................... 25
8.2.1 Purpose and Scope.................................................................................................................................................... 25
8.2.2 LAG Modeling – K&M or BP Model ............................................................................................................................ 25
8.3 Advantage Engineering .............................................................................................................................................. 27
8.3.1 Hole Cleaning............................................................................................................................................................. 27
8.3.2 Hole Cleaning Capability ............................................................................................................................................ 28
8.3.3 Torque and Drag ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
8.3.4 Determining Friction Factors ...................................................................................................................................... 39
9 Reports and Forms ...................................................................................................................... 41

10 Records ........................................................................................................................................ 41
11 References ................................................................................................................................... 41
Page 2 of 41
List of Figures
Figure 1: Low Shear Rate Flow Curve compared to conventional OBM ................................................. 7
Figure 2: General Structure of Surfactant Molecule with Nonpolar and Polar Components .................. 22
Figure 3: Emulsification of Brine Droplets with Multiple Emulsifier Molecules ....................................... 23
Figure 4: Reaction of Bentonite with Quaternary Ammonium Compound to Produce Organophilic Clay
............................................................................................................................................................ 23
Figure 5: Wetting Agent Structure ........................................................................................................ 24
Figure 6: Mineral Surface Changing from Water Wet to Oil Wet with Aid of Wetting Agent ................... 24
Figure 7: Cutting Movement in the Wellbore ........................................................................................ 26
Figure 8: Drill Pipe Rotation ................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 9: Design Frame Report ............................................................................................................ 28
Figure 10: Spreadsheet Report ............................................................................................................ 29
Figure 11: FreezeFrame Report ........................................................................................................... 29
Figure 12: Hole Cleaning Report .......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 13: Hole Cleaning Graph .......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 14: Hole Geometry Graph ......................................................................................................... 31
Figure 15: Drillpipe Specification .......................................................................................................... 32
Figure 16: String RPM ......................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 17: Torque and Drag Setup Window ......................................................................................... 36
Figure 18: Tortuosity Value................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 19: Fluid Tab with Positions Tab ................................................................................................ 38
Figure 20: Available Results Plots ........................................................................................................ 38
Figure 21: Available Results Reports ................................................................................................... 38
List of Tables
Table 1: MPRESS Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT < 275°F/135°C) ........................................................11
Table 2: MPRESS Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT < 275°F/135°C) ....................................................... 12
Table 3: Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT > 275°F/135°C) ....................................................................... 13
Table 4: Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT > 275°F/135°C) ....................................................................... 13
Table 5: MPRESS Maintenance (BHT < 275°F/135°C) ........................................................................ 14
Table 6: MPRESS Maintenance (BHT > 275°F/135°C) ........................................................................ 15
Page 3 of 41
1 Introduction
MPRESS™ is a diesel-based, invert-emulsion, drilling fluid system designed to improve circulating
pressures and enhance hole cleaning. The MPRESS (MP) oil based mud (OBM) system has a
temperature limitation of 275°F (135°C) and can be adjusted for high-temperature applications with
MPRESS HT products, 350˚F (177˚C). MPRESS will provide improved low-shear viscosity
enhancement, with minimal elevation in the plastic viscosity and yield point when compared to
traditional OBM systems. MPRESS also provides rapid set, fragile strengths that provide improved
solids suspension with minimal pressure spikes when breaking circulation. The system exhibits
tolerance of low gravity solids (LGS) and has enhanced lubricity for drilling extended reach wells
with high bottom hole temperatures (BHT).
1.1 Purpose
This operations manual establishes the minimum global standards and guidelines for effective
execution of the MPRESS/MPRESS HT OBM system.
1.2 Scope
This manual focuses on employee safety, environmentally sound practices, and/or troubleshooting.
This procedure does not serve as a substitute for critical thought and the experience of the Baker
Hughes representative.
This is not intended to be an overriding document; therefore, follow all local, customer,
governmental, or occupational policies or procedures that are the most stringent.
1.3 Responsibility and Authority

Operations manuals are intended for use by Baker Hughes representatives qualified to run the tools
or services as per the master qualifications list or competency list. The specific job title and
reporting structure of the representative will be documented in the pre-job planning paper work and
defined prior to the beginning of each job.
1.4 Governance Documents

BHI Quality Policy Manual / Control of Records
1.5 Terms and Definitions

Baker Hughes Enterprise Glossary
Page 4 of 41
1.6 Description of Activity

MPRESS/MPRESS HT is a diesel-based invert emulsion system designed to provide excellent
drilling performance for wells with bottom hole temperatures up to 350˚F (177˚C). Various system
components have been developed to work together in this system and attention should be paid to
individual component concentrations when running the MPRESS/MPRESS HT system so that
maximum benefit is achieved. The products that make up the MPRESS system can be used in
other drilling fluid systems to achieve desired results. MPRESS will improve low end viscosity
enhancement, without excessive elevation in the plastic viscosity and yield point with quick, set
easy break gel strengths. The following information will provide the best practices for building, using
and treating the MPRESS system so as to provide optimum drilling properties, shale stability and
stable low end rheology. The system is tolerant of various contaminants that are explained in detail
in this manual.
1.6.1 System Composition
1.6.1.1 MP-LIFT™ UL (200°F/93ºC)

MP-LIFT UL™ is an organic polymeric viscosifier and is used to improve low-shear rate rheological
properties. It is effective at increasing yield point (YP) and low shear viscosity with minimal effect on
plastic viscosity (PV) and is stable to 200˚F (93˚C). MP-LIFT UL is ideal for liquid mud plant
operations or for applications where low temperatures and conventional densities are expected.
1.6.1.2 MP-LIFT™ (275°F/135ºC)

MP-LIFT™ is an organic polymeric viscosifier that is used to improve low-shear rate rheological
properties vital for hole cleaning in horizontal wells. It is effective at increasing YP with minimal
effect on PV and is stable to 275˚F (135˚C).
1.6.1.3 MP-LIFT™ HT (350˚F/177ºC)

MP-LIFT HT™ is an organic polymeric viscosifier used to improve low-shear rate rheological
properties in the MPRESS HT OBM system. It is effective at increasing YP with minimal effect on
PV with a higher temperature stability of 350˚F (177˚C).
1.6.1.4 MP-MUL™ (275°F/135ºC)

MP-MUL™ is a primary emulsifier in the MPRESS Oil Base Mud (OBM) system. MP-MUL adsorbs
on to mineral surfaces, reducing interfacial surface energy while oil wetting drill solids and weight
materials.
1.6.1.5 MP-MUL™HT (>375˚F/190˚C).

MP-MUL HT™ is the primary emulsifier in the MPRESS HT OBM system. MP-MUL HT stabilizes
brine droplets in the internal liquid phase of the system allowing for a micro-emulsion of water in the
oil base fluid. MP-MUL HT also adsorbs on to mineral surfaces, reducing interfacial surface energy
while oil wetting drill solids and weight materials. MP-MUL HT can tolerate temperatures in excess
of 375˚F (190˚C).
1.6.1.6 MP-HOLD™ (285°F/141°C)

MP-HOLD™ is an organophillic clay blend used to build viscosity and improve suspension
characteristics in the MPRESS OBM system. MP-HOLD increases cuttings carrying capacity and
hole cleaning characteristics in non-aqueous fluids.
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1.6.1.7 MP-HOLD™ HT (>350˚F/177˚C)

MP-HOLD™HT is an organophillic clay blend used to build viscosity and improve suspension
characteristics in the MPRESS HT OBM system. MP-HOLD HT increases cuttings carrying capacity
and hole cleaning characteristics in non-aqueous fluids. MP-HOLD HT is stable at temperatures
greater than 350˚F (177˚C).
1.6.1.8 MP-FLC™
MP-FLC is a Gilsonite filtration control product with a softening point of approximately 300ºF
(149ºC). MP-FLC helps to stabilize the wellbore by providing sized particles to help seal formation
pore throats, bedding planes, and micro-fractures. MP-FLC is used primarily in MPRESS but can be
used in other OBM systems to reduce HTHP fluid loss.
1.6.1.9 CARBO-TROL™375
CARBO-TROL™375 is a high temperature softening point asphaltite that functions similar to MP-
FLC to reduce HTHP fluid loss. CARBO-TROL 375 is recommended to be used in place of MP-FLC
for MPRESS HT applications above 300ºF (149ºC). CARBO-TROL 375 has a similar particle size
distribution as MP-FLC to help seal formation pore throats, bedding planes, and micro-fractures to
improve wellbore. The softening point of CARBO-TROL®375 is approximately 375ºF (190ºC).
1.6.1.10 MP-COTE™
MP-COTETM is an oil soluble surfactant used as a wetting agent in the MPRESS OBM system.
MP-COTE promotes the rapid oil wetting of MIL-BAR and drill solids, supplementing emulsifiers.
MP-COTE will reduce yield points, low shear viscosity and gel strengths of invert emulsion
drilling fluids.
1.6.1.11 MIL-LIME
MIL-LIME, chemical formula Ca (OH)2, is used as a source of calcium and alkalinity control in
MPRESS / MPRESS HT invert emulsion drilling fluid system.
1.6.1.12 Diesel Oil

Diesel#2 oil is the base oil used in the MPRESS / MPRESS HT invert emulsion drilling fluid system.
Diesel oil is the external.
1.6.1.13 MIL-BAR
MIL-BAR is ground barite (barium sulfate). It is a chemically inert compound and does not react with
other components in drilling fluids. It is used as a weight material in drilling fluids and in its pure
form has a specific gravity (SG) of 4.48. The density of commercial barite can range between 3.8 –
4.2 specific gravity depending on the amount of impurities contained within the grind.
1.6.1.14 Calcium Chloride Brine (CaCl2)

Calcium Chloride brine is used as the internal phase of the invert emulsion drilling fluid. Density
ranges from 8.42 – 11.67 ppg (1.009 – 1.398 SG). Salinity can be adjusted to balance the formation
activity for improved wellbore stability.
Page 6 of 41
1.7 Key Operational Considerations

MPRESS’s HT products should be used in place of non-HT products in applications where bottom-
hole temperatures are greater than 275°F (135°C) and up to 350˚F (177˚C). Shale stability and
inhibition are primary characteristics of the MPRESS system. Excellent low shear and high shear
rheological properties are exhibited and the system is tolerant of elevated LGS.
MPRESS provides more constant rheological properties
MPRESS oil: water ratios range from 75:25 – 85:15.
1.8 Benefits
 MPRESS provides enhanced low shear rheological properties for improved hole cleaning.
 MPRESS/MPRESS HT fluids are shear thinning and can provide lower Plastic Viscosity (PV)
than conventional DOBM. A lower PV improves hydraulics that can increase mud motor
performance, bit hydraulics, and/or allow higher flow rates for improved hole cleaning.
 MPRESS can provide gel strengths that rapidly develop but easily break. This allows for
improved cuttings and weight material suspension. The fragile gels reduce pressure spikes
when breaking circulation, helping to avoid lost circulation and improve wellbore stability.
 Temperature stability to 275ºF (135ºC) with MPRESS and 350˚F (177˚C) with MPRESS HT.
 Tolerant of common contaminants, such as CO2 and drill solids.
 Highly shear thinning characteristics relative to conventional diesel OBM exhibited.
Figure 1: Low Shear Rate Flow Curve compared to conventional OBM
Page 7 of 41
2 Safety and Regulatory

Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wellsite personnel must comply with the operator’s policy concerning
the disposal of chemical reagents.
2.1 Stop Work Process

Baker Hughes strives to maintain a safe and environmentally-sound workplace where any person
shall be treated with respect and has the right to stop any job for just cause. Please refer to the
Level 2 Operational Controls document listed below, the Stop Work Process document and other
related Health, Safety and Environmental (HS&E) safety procedures in BHOS.
 HSES-EOC-STOP-001
The following is an example of minimum safety and regulatory requirements for all operations.
However, if more than one rule or guideline applies, one should always default to the most stringent
guideline or rule.
2.2 Journey Management

Road journey management is a key factor in arriving safely at your destination. The Road Journey
Risk Assessment and Road Journey Management Plan link at the end of this document should be
completed at every Baker Hughes facility, client location, and any other site where Baker Hughes
employees, contract employees, and transport contractors will drive on Baker Hughes company
business.
 Additional forms and documentation can be found in The Journey Management Procedures.
2.3 Personal Protective Equipment

All personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn at all times in designated areas. Individual
wellsites have special equipment requirements for PPE and it is the field service technician’s
responsibility to be aware of these requirements prior to arriving on site.
 HSES-EOC-PPE-001
2.4 Hand Safety

Familiarize yourself and others with the work activities that will be taking place. Evaluate to ensure
that there is adequate isolation and avoid positioning yourself or others where entrapment between
moving objects could occur. Keep hands away from flanges when handling equipment.
 HSES-EOC-HAND-001
2.5 Hand Protection

Some systems operate in extremely high temperature environments in excess of 400°F (204°C)
and residual heat may be present in the system when removing from service. Special handling
procedures should be incorporated into the procedures to avoid serious burns.
 HSES-EOC-HAND-001
Page 8 of 41
2.6 Facial Protection

Proper PPE should be employed while using handling the any material that has a high potential to
become airborne. A respirator of a filter classification P100 should be used while handling the any
of the carbon black materials. It is highly recommended that the materials should not be mixed in an
enclosed area without proper ventilation.
 HSES-EOC-RESP-001
2.7 Well Site Safety

Please use the attached links to HSE&S Risk Assessment
Note Operational Control for any risk or impact assessments that you
may perform for this procedure.
 HSES-EOC-HRA-001
2.8 Chemical Handling (Safety Data Sheets)

Always refer to specific product safety data sheets (SDS) for proper Personal Protective Equipment
or special considerations before handling or mixing any chemicals.
3 Pre-Job Procedures
3.1 Rig Arrival
3.1.1 Rig Orientation
Upon first arrival at an installation, all Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wellsite personnel shall receive a
rig orientation conducted by contractor personnel.
3.1.2 Journey Management Plan

Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wellsite personnel shall inform Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids field
operations coordinator of rig arrival within two hours of arriving at the wellsite.
3.1.3 Review Handover Notes

Handover notes prepared by the departing Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wellsite personnel must be
reviewed by the arriving Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wellsite personnel. Information for chemical
resupply should be provided with handover notes. This includes warehouse locations, phone
numbers and personnel details.
3.1.4 Rig Familiarization

On first arrival at an installation, Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Wellsite Personnel shall familiarize
themselves with the installation. This includes the following areas:
 Drilling fluids laboratory and its set up
 Mud pits (calculate pit capacity, check valve and lines, transfer lines etc. using the engineering
guidelines describe in the Fluids Fact book)
 Mud pumps
 Sack storage area
Page 9 of 41
 Bulk storage
 Solids control equipment (ensure 2 centrifuges are present and properly working, and that
enough stock of fine shaker screens are available)
 Drill floor
All Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids wellsite personnel arriving on the installation must read the Rig
Audit Form if a rig audit has been performed. Personnel must verify the audit information and, if any
inconsistencies are found, they must be documented and communicated to the Drilling Fluids field
operations coordinator.
3.1.5 Mud program

Upon arrival to the location; Baker Hughes personnel must receive a detailed mud program that
contains operational comments, fluid properties, volumes calculation, programmed formulations,
material estimation and discharge, and contingency materials.
3.2 Inventory and Mud Testing Equipment

3.2.1 Inventory
The first Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Wellsite Personnel to arrive at the installation must check for
any materials that have already arrived. Initial inventories must be recorded in Advantage
Reporting.
It is important that the Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Wellsite Personnel ensure that all of the
products necessary to begin the job are on location and that there is sufficient product to maintain
the system until the next order can be placed. As new product arrives, wellsite personnel should
verify the products received match the manifest.
3.2.2 Mud Testing Equipment

The first Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Wellsite Personnel to arrive on the installation must set up
drilling fluids testing equipment in the designated drilling fluids laboratory. The equipment must be
compared to the packing list and any discrepancies reported to the Drilling Fluids Field Operations
Coordinator. Each piece of equipment shall be checked for functionality and calibration. Store the
testing chemicals per the appropriate Safety Data Sheets.
A standard oil based mud kit will be necessary to complete the required fluid tests for this system.
Any additional equipment needed on location will be specified by the Drilling Fluids Coordinator for
the job.
 ES (Electrical Stability) meter
 High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) filtration equipment for mud lab
 Sample collection bottles for lab analysis
 Heat cup and electronic thermometer with temp regulator
 6 speed viscometer
 Lighted magnetic stirrer for titrations
 Worksheet for data collection
 Standard OBM mud kit
Page 10 of 41
 Blender for pilot testing

 Digital scale
4 Operating Procedures
4.1 Building MPRESS
4.1.1 Overview
In formulating a MPRESS invert emulsion drilling fluid system, knowledge of the operational
temperature for the drilling project must first be taken into account. If the BHT will be less than
275°F (135˚C), then conventional (non-HT) MPRESS products shall be used in the formulation.
However, if designing a fluid for temperatures greater than 275°F (135˚C), MPRESS HT products
will need to be substituted for some of the standard products.
The MPRESS / MPRESS HT mud system is comprised of diesel base oil as the external phase and
calcium chloride as the internal phase. MP-MUL/MP/MUL HT are used are the primary emulsifiers
and wetting agents. A ratio of MP-HOLD (organoclay) and MP-LIFT UL/ MP-LIFT and MP-LIFT HT
(rheology modifiers) render a hydraulically superior alternative to CARBO-DRILL. This emulsifier for
MPRESS and viscosifier package provide the optimized rheological profile by keeping low-shear-
rate viscosity (LSRV) high while minimizing plastic viscosity (PV).
4.1.2 Liquid Mud Plant (LMP) Mixing Procedures

If MPRESS is to be mixed at a liquid mud plant, procedures for mixing will differ from those of a
laboratory mix. Typically weight materials, lubricants and lost circulation material (LCM) will not be
added at the mud plant. These materials will be added at the rigsite to save time and money related
to freight charges and to increase efficiency. The following tables can be used as a guide for mixing
at the LMP in 100 bbl increments.
4.1.2.1 MPRESS Mixing Tables for Fluid design under 275°F (135°C)
Table 1: MPRESS Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT < 275°F/135°C)
Fluid MP-LIFT
Diesel Brine MP-MUL MP-HOLD MIL-BAR
Weight UL
Density BBL BBL DRUMS DRUMS SX SX
70/30 OWR – 20% CaCl2 Brine
8.0 66 31 2 1/4 8 0
8.5 64 31 2 1/4 8 27
9.0 63 30 2 1/4 1/4 7 58
9.5 61 30 2 1/4 1/4 7 85
10.0 60 29 2 1/2 1/4 6 111
10.5 58 29 2 1/2 1/4 6 138
11.0 57 28 2 1/2 1/4 5 166
11.5 56 28 2 3/4 1/4 5 193
Page 11 of 41
Fluid MP-LIFT
Weight UL
12.0 58 22 3 1/4 5 226
13.0 56 21 3 1/4 5 280
14.0 53 20 3 1/4 5 334
Table 2: MPRESS Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT < 275°F/135°C)

Fluid MP-LIFT
Weight UL
8.0 75 21 2 1/4 10 17
8.5 73 21 2 1/4 10 44
9.0 72 20 2 1/4 1/4 10 71
9.5 70 20 2 1/4 1/4 9 98
10.0 69 19 2 1/2 1/4 9 125
10.5 67 19 2 1/2 1/4 8 152
11.0 66 18 2 1/2 1/4 8 179
11.5 64 18 2 3/4 1/4 7 205
12.0 63 17 2 3/4 1/4 7 232
13.0 59 17 3 1/4 7 286
14.0 56 16 3¼ 1/4 6 340
15.0 53 15 3 1/2 1/4 6 394
The fluid should be weighted to the correct density once it arrives

Note on location.
Page 12 of 41
4.1.2.2 MPRESS HT Mixing Tables for Fluid design above 275°F (135°C)
Table 3: Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT > 275°F/135°C)
Fluid MP-LIFT MP-HOLD
Diesel Brine MP-MUL HT MIL-BAR
Weight HT HT
8.0 66 31 2 1/8 8 0
8.5 64 31 2 1/8 8 27
9.0 63 30 2 1/4 1/8 7 58
9.5 61 30 2 1/4 1/8 7 85
10.0 60 29 2 1/2 1/8 6 111
10.5 58 29 2 1/2 1/8 6 138
11.0 57 28 2 1/2 1/8 5 166
11.5 56 28 2 3/4 1/8 5 193
12.0 58 22 3 1/8 5 226
13.0 56 21 3 1/8 5 280
14.0 53 20 3 1/8 5 334
Table 4: Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT > 275°F/135°C)

Fluid MP-LIFT
Diesel Brine MP-MUL HT MP-HOLD HT MIL-BAR
Weight HT
8.0 75 21 2 1/8 10 17
8.5 73 21 2 1/8 10 44
9.0 72 20 2 1/4 1/8 10 71
9.5 70 20 2 1/4 1/8 9 98
10.0 69 19 2 1/2 1/8 9 125
10.5 67 19 2 1/2 1/8 8 152
Page 13 of 41
Fluid MP-LIFT
Diesel Brine MP-MUL HT MP-HOLD HT MIL-BAR
Weight HT
11.0 66 18 2 1/2 1/8 8 179
11.5 64 18 2 3/4 1/8 7 205
12.0 63 17 2 3/4 1/8 7 232
13.0 59 17 3 1/8 7 286
14.0 56 16 3 1/4 1/8 6 340
15.0 53 15 3 1/2 1/8 6 394
The fluid should be weighted to the correct density once it arrives

Note on location.
4.1.3 Maintaining System While Drilling
4.1.3.1 MPRESS Mixing Tables and Key Points for Fluid design under 275°F (135°C)
Table 5: MPRESS Maintenance (BHT < 275°F/135°C)
Product Function Concentrations
Oil as needed for OWR External phase OWR
MP-MUL Emulsifier 8 - 12 ppb
MP-HOLD Viscosity 7 - 12 ppb
MP-LIFT Rheological profile modification 2 - 4 ppb
MP-FLC Fluid loss 2 - 6 ppb
20% CaCl2 as needed for OWR Internal phase OWR
Barite / as needed Density Per mud program
MP-COTE Oil wetting agent As needed
 MP-LIFT and MP-HOLD work together

 For each bbl of dilution add approximately 6 – 8 lb/bbl MP-HOLD and 0.3 – 0.5 gal MP-LIFT.
For maintenance treatments add 2 sacks of MP-HOLD to one pail of MP-LIFT. (Ratio of 16:1
to 20:1 of MP-HOLD in pounds to MP-LIFT in gallons)
Page 14 of 41
 It may be difficult to readily observe the effect on rheological properties when adding MP-
HOLD, but it is essential for the system’s ultra-low shear rate viscosity, rapid-set/easy-break
gels, and improved solids suspension.
 Without sufficient MP-HOLD, fluid loss may be difficult to control and free water may be
present in the HP/HT filtrate.
 Avoid adding non-MPRESS products (e.g., CARBO-GELTM, CARBO-TECTM S, OMNI-
PLEXTM, etc.) because these will probably increase overall viscosity and fail to provide the
properties desired in the MPRESS system.
 MP-MUL
 MP-MUL should be added at a rate of approximately 1.3 gal for each bbl of dilution.
 Besides providing a stable emulsion, MP-MUL contributes to low-shear rate viscosity
(LSRV) and low PVs. Avoid CARBO-TEC and related emulsifiers, as these tend to reduce
LSRV and increase high-shear rate viscosity (HSRV) and PV.
 MP-FLC
 MP-FLC should be added as needed to control fluid loss, typically 3 – 6 ppb, with a
minimum of 6 ppb of MP-HOLD present in the system.
 MP-COTE
 MP-COTE can be added to reduce viscosity, if needed. Typical dose levels will be in the
range 0.2 – 1.5 ppb.
 Avoid overtreatment as it can irreversibly destroy low-end rheology and gels.
 MP-COTE is not a substitute for effective solids control and dilution.
 Pilot test all treatments with MP-COTE before treating the circulating system.
4.1.3.2 MPRESS Mixing Tables and Key Points for Fluid design above 275°F (135°C)
Table 6: MPRESS Maintenance (BHT > 275°F/135°C)
Product Function Concentrations
Oil as needed for OWR External phase OWR
MP-MUL HT Emulsifier 8 - 12 ppb
MP-HOLD HT Viscosity 6 - 10 ppb
MP-LIFT HT Rheological profile modification 1 - 2 ppb
20% CaCl2 as needed for Internal phase OWR

OWR
MP-FLC Fluid loss 2 - 6 ppb
Barite / as needed Density Per mud program
MP-COTE Oil wetting agent As needed
Page 15 of 41
 MP-LIFT HT and MP-HOLD HT work together

 For each bbl of dilution, add approximately 6 – 8 lb/bbl MP-HOLD HT and 0.2 – 0.4 gal MP-
LIFT HT. For maintenance treatments add 4 sacks of MP-HOLD HT to one pail of MP-LIFT
HT. (ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 MP-HOLD HT in pounds to MP-LIFT HT in gallons)
 It may be difficult to readily observe the effect on rheological properties when adding MP-
LIFT HT, but it is essential for the system’s ultra-low shear rate viscosity, rapid-set/easy-
break gels, and improved solids suspension.
 Without sufficient MP-HOLD HT, fluid loss may be difficult to control and free water may be
present in the HP/HT filtrate.
 Avoid adding non-MPRESS / MPRESS HT products (e.g., CARBO-GELTM, CARBO-
TECTM S, OMNI-PLEXTM, etc.), as these will probably increase overall viscosity and fail to
provide the properties desired in the MPRESS HT system.
 MP-MUL HT
 Should be added at a rate of approximately 1.3 gal for each bbl of dilution.
 Besides providing a stable emulsion, MP-MUL HT contributes to low-shear rate viscosity
(LSRV) and low PVs. Avoid CARBO-TEC and related emulsifiers, as these tend to reduce
LSRV and increase high-shear rate viscosity (HSRV) and PV.
 MP-FLC
 MP-FLC should be added as needed to control fluid loss, typically 3 – 6 ppb, with a sufficient
concentration of MP-HOLD present in the system (MP-HOLD at +/- 6 - 10 ppb).
 MP-COTE
 MP-COTE can be added to reduce viscosity, if needed. Typical dose levels will be in the
range 0.2 – 1.5 ppb.
 Avoid overtreatment as it can irreversibly destroy low-end rheology and gels.
 MP-COTE is not a substitute for effective solids control and dilution.
 Pilot test all treatments with MP-COTE before treating the circulating system.
4.2 Fluid Displacement

This document may serve as a guideline for preparing to displace existing drilling fluid out of the
wellbore and replacing it with MPRESS.
4.2.1 Communicate the Plan

 Prepare a displacement procedure. Displex™ or Advantage™ software can be used to calculate
the following items as needed:
 Total volume to be displaced downhole
 Pit volumes (if needed)
 Calculate bbl/stroke per pump
 Number of strokes for each volume segment
 Spacer volumes and strokes
 Pump rate (bbl/min)
 Turbulent or laminar flow
Page 16 of 41
 Develop a fluid routing plan to minimize contamination of the MPRESS mud system
 Lock-out, Tag-out procedures should be used as applicable
 Radio communication (if needed) should be made ready prior to the fluid displacement
 Discuss the displacement plan with the Operator and Rig Contractor’s personnel.
 Prepare a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) prior to starting the displacement.
4.2.2 Pre-Displacement Procedure

 Ensure there is adequate volume of MPRESS for one hole volume plus the required surface
volume on location.
 Drilling cement and Formation Integrity Testing or Leak-Off Testing (F.I.T./L.O.T) should be
completed prior to displacing to MPRESS.
 If MPRESS is displacing another mud system, flush and clean all lines that will have MPRESS
transported through them.
 Active system pits should be dumped and cleaned prior to receiving MPRESS.
 Settling pits, sand trap, shaker beds, and ditches should be cleaned prior to receiving MPRESS
fluid.
 Water lines should be secured on mud pits and shakers. Diesel lines should be installed at mud
pits and shakers. Water lines may be required for final clean up after displacement but upon
completion should be taken out of service or removed from the mud system.
 Down-hole drilling fluid should be routed to reserve pit for dumping during displacement or
routed to proper storage tanks if recovering displaced fluid.
 Shakers should be fitted with appropriately sized screens so drilling fluid doesn’t blind during the
first few circulations (May be performed after displacement).
4.2.3 OBM Displacement (Single Stage)
Step Action
1. Determine what lines need to be flushed prior to displacement.
2. Flush and clean all lines that will have MPRESS transported through them.
3. Check for float in drill string (Y/N)
4. Build a spacer of a minimum of 10 bbl and consisting of diesel.
5. Fill slug pit with spacer
6. Close equalization valves between pits (if needed)
Route flow line to reserve pit (land) if discarding WBM systems, otherwise returns should
7.
be routed to a reserve storage system.
Verify rig pumps, suction lines and other transport lines have been flushed and Locked-
8.
Out and Tagged-Out
9. Line up slug pit (spacer) to rig pumps
Page 17 of 41
Step Action
10. Line up MPRESS pit to suction line and rig pumps
11. Zero stroke counter
12. Pump spacer
13. Verify flow line is routed to reserve pit/tanks
14. Begin pumping MPRESS
15. Verify returns of displaced fluid are being received in correct location (reserve pit/tanks)
16. Once spacer is observed at flow line, divert the interfacial returns to appropriate location
17 Continue pumping until spacer and 5 bbl of quality MPRESS have cleared the flow line.
18. Check total strokes and verify whether total strokes match calculated strokes
19. Stop pumps
20. Clean shakers and ditch (if needed)
21. Collect sample of MPRESS for testing
22. Inspect trip tank and ensure it is clean of residual fluids and solids
23. Route clean MPRESS to active pit system and close system (closed loop).
24. Circulate one hole volume prior to drilling new formation.
4.3 Testing
The testing procedures performed at the wellsite follow the API Recommended Practice 13B-2,
Fourth Edition, March 2009, Recommended Practice for Field Testing Oil-Base
Drilling Fluids.
4.4 Modeling
4.4.1 Hole Cleaning and ECD Modeling
Hole cleaning and equivalent circulating density (ECD) simulations can be modeled in Advantage
Engineering. Initial models can be run as needed or per customer request prior to drilling an interval
to determine the flow rate needed to effectively remove the cuttings from the hole.
4.4.2 Torque and Drag Modeling

Torque and Drag (T&D) modeling is performed to evaluate the limitations of the rig (rotary table /
top drive) and tubular design for both drilling and casing/liner strings. Those limitations could
constrain in some cases the drilling feasibility and reaching wells objectives. This can be modeled
and evaluated in Advantage Engineering.
Such evaluation involves
 Surface equipment specifications - maximum rotational torque and maximum overpull (axial
load)
 Tubular design and limitations (torque, tension, compression, stresses)
 Critical buckling loads and available weight on bit (WOB) sliding and rotating
Page 18 of 41
4.4.3 Friction Factors Modeling

Friction factor modeling is one of the essential features embedded within the Torque and Drag
application of Advantage Engineering. Friction factor modeling can be based on either of the
following:
 Slack-off or pick-up hook load measurements
 Drilling or rotation off-bottom surface torque readings
4.5 Reporting
Advantage Reporting is the preferred method used for all daily reporting, inventory and volume
maintenance. The following will be recorded into Advantage daily.
 All mud reports
 All chemical usage
 Base oil usage
 Daily inventory reconciliation
 All volumes; Pits should be strapped and a volume worksheet used daily to measure gains and
losses for use in calculating volumes.
 Other local reporting mediums can be used if requested by the customer or if it is not possible to
use the Advantage Reporting system.
5 Post Job Procedures

5.1 Final Inventory Closeout
Before leaving the rig site, BHI personnel must perform a physical inventory of all materials on
location, and use the Advantage reporting system to perform a material reconciliation. This
information is used to charge for any product that has been damaged or has not been charged
during the interval.
It is important that the Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Wellsite Personnel ensures that all of the
products sent back to the warehouse match the material reconciliation and cargo manifests.
5.2 End of Well reporting

End of well reports will follow the End of Well Report (EOWR) Procedure (BHOS-FLO-020). Special
emphasis should be placed on conducting a formal After Action Review (AAR) and Key
Performance Indicators (KPI).
5.3 Mud Testing Equipment

Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids personnel on the rig shall check the functionality and calibration of all
mud testing equipment and report if equipment is not properly working or out of calibration. All
drilling fluids testing equipment must be packed in the designated boxes with accompanied packing
list showing their content. Store the testing chemicals as per the appropriate Safety Data
Sheets (SDS).
Page 19 of 41
5.4 Hydraulic simulations

Advantage engineering cases should be backed up and sent to the support office. This information
will be used as a reference for future wells. Coordinate with the supporting office to determine
where to send the field computer after completing the well.
5.5 HSE Risk Assessment

Before leaving the location Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids personnel must evaluate the operation and
annotate the findings on each specific risk listed in the pre-job risk assessment. The document
should include: external and internal context, identified objectives and quantified risks, and the
actual mitigation actions and their impact on reducing risks.
6 Specifications
 Equipment:
 OBM Kit
 Software:
 Advantage Software or Excel
 Advantage Export File generated and emailed to the Advantage administrator
7 Fault Finding
7.1 Fluid Properties
7.1.1 MPRESS with BHT less than 275°F
Indicator Treatment Notes
ES The optimum ES range for MPRESS As needed
system is 600+ volts. If the ES falls
below 500 volts, add MP-MUL
Low Viscosity and/or Increase concentration of MP-HOLD As needed

Low Gel Strengths and MP-LIFT in 2:1 ratio (2sx:1pail)
High Viscosity and/or Adjust oil content tracked by retort, add As needed
High Gel Strengths MP-COTE to oil wet solids
CO2 Contamination Add Lime to control CO2 contamination As needed
7.1.2 MPRESS HT with BHT greater than 275°F

ES The optimum ES range for the MPRESS As needed
system is 500+ volts. If the ES falls
below 500 volts, add MP-MUL HT
Low Viscosity and/or Increase concentration of MP-HOLD HT As needed

Low Gel Strengths and MP-LIFT HT in 4:1 ratio (4sx:1pail)
Page 20 of 41

High Viscosity and/or Adjust oil content tracked by retort, add As needed
High Gel Strengths MP-COTE to oil wet solids
CO2 Contamination Add Lime to control CO2 contamination As needed
7.2 Hole Conditions

Indicator Possible Solution
Differential Stuck Pipe If the MPRESS system has not been compromised and a
good stable emulsion with a low HPHT fluid loss exists, the
first option is reducing the fluid density. If this is not an
option conventionally pumping a BLACK MAGIC SFT pill
may be an option. An alternative approach is a MICRO-
WASH spot composed of brine, acetic acid and 20% OHR
770. Isolate the spot with from MPRESS with a PRIME 100
spacer. The OHR 770 must be followed with the MPRESS
spot containing a low fluid loss. BRIDGE-FORM will help to
redevelop a thin filter cake with inherently low fluid loss
characteristics. Do not incorporate the MICRO-WASH into
the mud system.
Mechanical Stuck Pipe Slack off and jar down.

If full circulation is observed, consider pumping a high
density sweeps with a volume equal to annular volume
across the BHA to assist cleaning the wellbore.
Increase fluid density to stabilize wellbore.
Excess cutting or sloughing shale Pump high density sweeps with a volume equal to annular
volume across the BHA to clean the wellbore.
Increase fluid density to stabilize wellbore. Add MAX-
BRIDGE™.
Seepage Losses Per Drilling Fluids Program
Total loss of returns If total losses spot BAKER-SQUEEZ™ pill following

procedure in BAKER-SQUEEZ documentation
7.3 Tripping
Tight hole while tripping Evaluate fluid properties and formations being drilled. Run
Advantage hydraulics with hole cleaning. Adjust circulation
rate, drilling parameters, and or fluid properties.
Page 21 of 41

Unable to trip without rotation Evaluate fluid properties and formations being drilled. Run
Advantage hydraulics with hole cleaning. Adjust circulation
rate, pipe rotation, and/or fluid properties. Possibly a mud
weight increase may be required. If a key seat is present a
change in BHA and appropriate drilling practices will be
required.
Excessive fill on bottom Wash ream and circulate bottoms up including lag time
calculations. Model hole cleaning and adjust flow rate,
increase pipe rotation rate. Possibly a mud weight increase
may be required.
8 Job Aids
8.1 Chemistry
8.1.1 MP-MUL / MP-MUL HT
Most oil-based drilling fluids are brine-in-oil emulsions in which oil is the continuous or external
phase of the emulsion and brine is the dispersed or internal phase of the emulsion. The oil may
consist of diesel oil, mineral oil, paraffins, olefins or esters. The internal phase of the fluid is usually
10 to 30% by weight calcium chloride brine.
Emulsifiers are required to stabilize the emulsion by preventing the oil and water from separating.
They typically consist of a polar functional group such as an amine or a carboxylic acid attached to
a long hydrocarbon chain which is soluble in oil (see Figure 2). The emulsifier molecules sit at the
interface between the oil and the brine droplets as shown in Figure 3 and this arrangement results
in a stable dispersion of brine droplets throughout the oil phase.
Figure 2: General Structure of Surfactant Molecule with Nonpolar and Polar Components
Emulsifier molecules can also be cross-linked to increase their molecular weight and thermal
stability and MP-MUL / MP-MUL HT is an example of such an emulsifier.
Page 22 of 41
Figure 3: Emulsification of Brine Droplets with Multiple Emulsifier Molecules
8.1.2 MP-HOLD / MP-HOLD HT

Organophilic clays are the most common viscosifier/suspending agent used for invert emulsion
drilling fluids. Organophilic clays are made by an ion exchange process involving the treatment of
clay, usually bentonite or hectorite, with quaternary ammonium compounds. Quaternary ammonium
compounds are salts of nitrogen compounds that can contain up to four hydrocarbon groups,
represented by R in Figure 4. This type of reaction is used to manufacture MP-HOLD / MP-HOLD
HT. The replacement of the native metal ions on the clay surfaces with quaternary ammonium
compounds allows MP-HOLD / MP-HOLD HT to preferentially wet and disperse in hydrocarbon
solvents like diesel oil, mineral oil and synthetic oil. When the organoclay is dispersed in the oil
phase, it will wet and create a structure with other clay particles, emulsion droplets, and fine solids
that will keep solids suspended. If the mud is properly formulated the solids will remain suspended
even under low-shear conditions.
Figure 4: Reaction of Bentonite with Quaternary Ammonium Compound to Produce
Organophilic Clay
8.1.3 MP-COTE
Dispersing mineral solids like barite and drill solids in an oil-based drilling fluid involves the following
processes:
 Oil wetting particles by reducing surface tension
 Breaking clusters and dispersing with mechanical energy
Page 23 of 41
 Preventing re-aggregation and sedimentation by action of a wetting agent to control re-

aggregation.
MP-COTE is a commonly used wetting agent (a type of surfactant) for oil-based drilling fluids.
Mineral particles like barite, calcium carbonate, and shale are preferentially wet by water. If an oil-
based drilling fluid contains water-wet solids, a wetting agent like MP-COTE can be added to the
drilling fluid. The wetting agent will coat the water-wet mineral particles and change the surface
condition of the particles from water-wet to oil-wet. The mineral particles will now be hydrophobic
and will prefer an oil-wet condition. The wetting effect will reduce rheological properties of the oil-
based fluid, especially yield point and gel strengths.
The molecular structure for MP-COTE is represented in Figure 5. The molecules will orient
themselves by adsorbing to a water-wet mineral surface with hydrophobic tails pointing above the
surface. The mineral surface can then become oil wet as illustrated in Figure 6.
Figure 5: Wetting Agent Structure
Figure 6: Mineral Surface Changing from Water Wet to Oil Wet with Aid of Wetting Agent
8.1.4 MP-FLC / CARBO-TROL 375

MP-FLC is a sized Gilsonite used for filtration control in the MPRESS oil based drilling fluid system.
Gilsonite is a naturally occurring asphaltite resin that consists mostly of very high molecular weight
hydrocarbons. Most of the aromatic compounds in asphaltite consist of complex interlocking ring
structures. The average molecular weight for asphaltite is several thousand. MP-FLC functions by
providing a source of small particles with a broad particle size distribution with a D50 of about 50
microns. The resinous particles act to bridge pores and small defects as formations are drilled. The
filter cake formed by this process protects the wellbore from damage that would be caused by lack
of filtration control. The approximate softening point of MP-FLC 375 is 300ºF (149ºC).
Page 24 of 41
CARBO-TROL 375 is also an asphaltite used for filtration control in the MPRESS HT oil based
drilling fluid system. CARBO-TROL 375 has similar chemistry and particle size distribution as MP-
FLC. MP-FLC and CARBO-TROL 375 function similarly. The primary difference is the softening
point of MP-FLC 375 is 300ºF (149ºC) and CARBO-TROL 375’s softening point is approximately
400ºF (204ºC).
8.2 Lag Modeling

8.2.1 Purpose and Scope
Lag time is the traveling time interval required for pumping cuttings from a particular depth to the
surface. It can be expressed in terms of time (minutes) or pump strokes. It is an important
component of calculations to ensure that most of the cuttings are out of the hole to avoid problems
while tripping the drillpipe. Field mud engineers are responsible to calculate and advise the
pumping time necessary prior pulling out of hole (POOH).
8.2.2 LAG Modeling – K&M or BP Model

Using the annular volume between the drill string and the borehole wall, and the pump rate, field
engineers can calculate the theoretical time or strokes necessary to complete bottoms up (BU) in
Advantage Reporting or engineering modules.
Bottoms up calculations can be used as the minimum lag time for vertical wells which are drilled
using high pump rates. However, considerations have to be made for hole enlargement and the
effective cuttings velocity (difference between fluid velocity and slip velocity) prior to recommending
total pump time for hole cleaning.
Cuttings movement in the wellbore is based on the balance of the forces acting on a cutting in the
annulus (refer to Figure 7). Three different modes of cuttings movement are distinguished:
 Settling – The cuttings moving downwards due to the gravitational force against the buoyancy
and the drag force
 Lifting – A cyclic motion of moving the particle in the area of higher fluid velocity due to lift and
buoyancy forces, moving the particle suspended in the fluid and continuously settling down
again
 Rolling – Particles roll on the low side of the annulus when the Lift and Drag force exceed the
gravitational force and the plastic force.
Page 25 of 41
Figure 7: Cutting Movement in the Wellbore
The inclination of the well determines the leading transport method of the cuttings:
 Near vertical Wells
 Particle settling rates
 Transport velocity greater than slip velocity
 Intermediate Angles (45-65)
 Unstable, churning, moving cuttings bed
 Transport via lifting mechanism
 High Angles(greater than 65 angle)
 Stationary cuttings bed form instantaneously
 Transport via a rolling mechanism
Drill pipe rotation has a beneficial effect on cuttings movement, especially in highly deviated or
horizontal sections (see Figure 8). Rotation serves to:
 Spread the flow velocity profile equally around the drill pipe (DP)
 Erode and stir up settled cuttings beds
 Transport dislocated cuttings spiraling around drill string, aids attrition of beds
Page 26 of 41
Figure 8: Drill Pipe Rotation
velocity profile spread (m/s)
The lag time changes when a well becomes deeper, inclined and/or pumping speed changes. The
factors affecting lag time calculation are annulus volume of drilling fluid, drilling mud flow rate, hole
angle and length of the tangential or deviated section.
Based on field experience and large scale simulators, various authors have worked on determining
best practices to find an appropriate lag time in deviated wells. Some of the suggested practices
are:
 K&M Consulting – Based on observations in several fields developed using Extended Reach
Wells (ERW), K&M suggests a rule thumb of 2 to 4 BU in hole sizes smaller than 12-1/4 in., and
maintaining continuous pipe rotation.
 BP – Field experience and recommended large scale experimental data, helped BP determine
correction factors depending upon hole size and section length. The lag time is calculated using
the spreadsheet named Bottoms Up Calculator.
To find the suggested lag time, select the hole size and then enter the length of each section. The
spreadsheet will automatically calculate the recommended bottoms up lag times.
8.3 Advantage Engineering

8.3.1 Hole Cleaning
Hole cleaning simulations should be run prior to drilling an interval in order to determine the flow
rate needed to effectively remove the cuttings from the hole. The simulation should also be carried
out at the planned total depth for the interval. Cuttings generated while drilling need to be removed
from the hole and transported through the annulus to surface. Poor hole cleaning will lead to cutting
beds build-up and a reduction in the annulus area causing many drilling problems such as:
 Stuck pipe incidents or stabilizer hanging
 Increase in ECD causing wellbore instability issues
 Pack-off
 High Torque and Drag, excessive overpull, etc.
Page 27 of 41
Good hole cleaning operation is the combination of appropriate mud properties, optimized well
profile, and standard drilling procedures.
8.3.2 Hole Cleaning Capability

Hole cleaning or cuttings transport can be analyzed to predict or optimize flow rates required to
clean the well or to analyze the cuttings transport or cleaning capabilities of a defined flow rate.
Using either calculation methodology, mud and cuttings properties are not variable or subject to
optimization procedures. Hole cleaning can be analyzed with the help of following options:
Spreadsheet Mud Hydraulics
The Spreadsheet Mud Hydraulics module will analyze a range of flow rates for an overview of the
wellbore system hydraulics. Based on this overview, one can select the appropriate operating
conditions. When Spreadsheet Mud Hydraulics with Hole Cleaning is selected on the Hydraulics
Input Data Editor, the results can be used to find the minimum flow rate for proper cuttings
transport. The results contain information about bit performance, pressure drops in string
components and the annulus, ECD at the last casing shoe and at bottom hole, and the average
annular velocities for each of the 10 flow rates.
It provides a DesignFrame (see Figure 9) which is a 1-page composite hydraulics graphic detailing
the following in graphical form, as a function of measured depth (MD):
 Hole Angle
 Downhole Density – displays the equivalent circulating (ECD) and static density (ESD).
 Downhole Temperature – displays the drill string and annular temperatures, as well as the
geothermal equilibrium (in HTHP analysis).
 Annular Velocity (AV) – displays the operating AV, minimum AV required for hole cleaning and
maximum AV to remain in laminar flow.
Figure 9: Design Frame Report
Spreadsheet reports (see Figure 10) may help to analyze different parameters under consideration
while selecting flow rate. Advantage provides the user with the option to change flow rates with
different intervals.
Page 28 of 41
Figure 10: Spreadsheet Report
System Mud Hydraulics

Use System Mud Hydraulics to analyze pressure drops due to operating flow rates. The emphasis
is on the details of the wellbore system hydraulics with respect to pressure drop, ECD, and velocity.
System Mud Hydraulics reports the pressure drop for individual tools in the drill string and for each
section in the annulus. When System Mud Hydraulics is combined with Hole Cleaning, a detailed
analysis of the cuttings transport is performed. It provides a Freeze Frame (see Figure 11), which is
a 1-page composite hydraulics graphic detailing the following in graphical form, as a function of
measured depth (MD):
 Hole Angle
 Downhole Density – displays the equivalent circulating (ECD) and static density (ESD).
 Bed height, flow area, and vertical well concentration.
 Annular Velocity – displays the operating AV, minimum AV required for hole cleaning, and
maximum AV to remain in laminar flow.
Figure 11: FreezeFrame Report
The hole cleaning report (see Figure 12) provides detailed analysis of AV and flow area and can be
useful to identify problematic areas. Hole cleaning graph presents AV against MD (see Figure 13).
Page 29 of 41
Figure 12: Hole Cleaning Report
Figure 13: Hole Cleaning Graph
Hole geometry is an interactive graph displaying hole cleaning problems as seen in Figure 14.
Page 30 of 41
Figure 14: Hole Geometry Graph
8.3.3 Torque and Drag

Torque and Drag simulations are performed to evaluate the limitations of the rig (rotary table / top
drive) and tubular design for both drilling and casing/liner strings. These limitations may constrain
the drilling feasibility and the ability to reach well objectives, namely Measured Depth.
Torque and drag evaluation involves:
 Surface equipment specifications - Max. rotational torque and Max. overpull (axial load)
 Tubular design and limitations (torque, tens ion, compression, stresses)
 Critical buckling loads and available WOB (weight on bit) sliding and rotating
8.3.3.1 Input Required for T&D analysis – Basic Case

Within the Torque and Drag Set up Editor the following analysis criterion are available:
Include Bending Influence – This cell displays the choice made on the options section of the Torque
and Drag Setup tab of whether or not to consider bending in the higher order solutions of particular
bending stress calculations available in Advantage. Most typical analyses will be virtually identical
whether this box is checked or not, but to be on the safe side if there are higher order solutions to
the internal bending stress calculations it’s best to leave the box checked. The advanced level
bending stress calculations that can be calculated are primarily based around the drill pipe tool joint
upset effect on the bending stresses in addition to possible buckled pipe stresses (if applicable) that
could be superimposed (superposition) on the existing bending stresses calculated.
Buckling Criterion – This cell displays the final choice made on the Setup tab under Buckling and
two choices are available; Conservative or Extended. The choice involves whether or not the string
is shown to produce buckling when run with the Conservative approach. If buckling is initially
indicated, an additional analysis needs to be performed using the Extended Loading. The Extended
model is a more precise way to explore the actual stresses and should be used if buckling is
suspected.
Page 31 of 41
This section is not intended to describe how to set an engineering

case for T&D calculations, but only to highlight the important data
Note entries and to go through the T&D result report. For more
information, please refer to the Online Help.
8.3.3.2 Drillstring Editor

The most important entry is the Drillpipe specification, as it represents more than 95% of the drill
string.
8.3.3.2.1 DRILLPIPE:
Figure 15: Drillpipe Specification
8.3.3.2.2 OD/ID
 Define the thickness of the pipe and the pipe cross area.
 Affected calculations: Yield Safety Factor, Fatigue Safety Factor, and Critical Buckling force
will change.
 Any change in ID (inner diameter), OD (outer diameter) in the above interface will not affect the
linear weight of the drill pipe.
8.3.3.2.3 Length
 If DP (drillpipe) is the last component (top-most of the list) of the drill string, the length value
entered does not have any importance. Because the software always defaults to the bit depth
entered in to run the calculations, the length of the DP will be automatically adjusted to fit the
defined bit depth.
 DP is typically the last component of the drill string but can also be an intermediate element,
sometimes run directly above the BHA (bottom hole assembly), such as in horizontal wells or
cases where the string is tapered. In those instances, it is important to define the required DP
length for the application to accurately estimate the weight of the drill string contributing to the
torque and drag.
8.3.3.2.4 Actual Weight

 An extremely important entry, as it represents the air weight/length of the drill pipes including
the tool joints. This defines more than 95% of the drill string weight contributing to Torque and
Drag analysis.
 If tool joints are not considered, 10 to 25% of weight will be missing from every drill pipe over a
long length. Example: 5 in. DP Nominal weight 19.5 lb/ft and actual weight 22.94 lb/ft which
represent ± 15%
Page 32 of 41
 This value is automatically populated when drill pipe is selected from Advantage catalog.
However, consider cross checking it against drill pipe specification sheet on the rig. If only a
nominal weight is available, the Actual Weight can be calculated using the Tool Joint
connection length.
8.3.3.2.5 Nominal Weight

 Is used as it defines which DP was used in the drill string. It does not appear on the T&D report.
The actual weight is reported.
8.3.3.2.6 Material
Steel is the default material when DP or HWDP are selected. The following steel mechanical
characteristics are displayed automatically:
 Density: This value together with Mud weight will be used to calculate drill string buoyant weight.
If this value is changed then overall Torque and Drag results are affected. The defaulted value
is steel density.
 Young’s Modulus [E = Stress / Strain]: Young’s Modulus is a material property. It contributes to
side forces, stresses, critical buckling force calculation and to Torque and Drag calculation in
general. Together with moment of inertia they represent the bending stiffness component [E*I]
which differentiates the stiff string model adopted by Advantage software from the soft string
model adopted by other external software.
 Poisson Ratio: When a material is stretched in one direction, it tends to get thinner in the other
two directions. Poisson’s Ratio is a measure of this tendency.
 Endurance Limit: For explanation refer to [Torque and Drag Section – Chapter I – Sub section
1.5]. Advantage independently calculates from the pipe grade a default value of 20,000 psi,
which is very conservative in comparison to the values in tables 21, 22, 23 API RP 7G. This
value can be overwritten if needed for fatigue estimation.
 Grade: The pipe grade, when selected, defines the minimum yield strength and tensile strength
of the drill pipe used. Appropriate values will automatically be displayed. Those two parameters
are used as delimiting factors for fatigue and yield pipe analysis.
 Class: In the main Torque and Drag set up Editor there is an analysis option concerning
Drillpipe Class. If this remains un-checked, the pipe class entered in the string editor will be
ignored and the assumed default Class New will apply to the calculation. If you want pipe class
to be taken into consideration for the calculation, you must check the above option.
8.3.3.2.7 Premium DP
Premium DP has a maximum wall thickness reduction of 20%, Class 2 DP assume wall thickness
reduction of 30%. Changing Drill pipe Class from New to Premium to Class 2 will reduce the
drillpipe body thickness (see Online Help), which will reduce its yielding and torsional resistance.
This is expressed in an increase in torsional stress, axial stress and a reduction in yield safety
factor because of the increase in the combined stress.
 Top Thread / Bottom Thread: These data are for reporting purposes and define the make-up
torque of these particular connections. This should be checked against the calculated torque
from Advantage if the latter seems to be considerably high.
Page 33 of 41
 Tool Jt OD / Tool Jt. ID: In Advantage, the Tool Joint O.D.is used in the torque calculation. The
software assumes only tool joints have contact with the borehole. Be aware that DP with the
same Nominal Weight does not necessarily have the same tool joint size.
In cases where the drill pipe class is selected from the drill pipe type
in the catalog, the calculated torque is reduced because the catalog
Note considers a reduced Tool Joint OD for Premium class drillpipe. The
catalog does not support Class 2 drill pipe. The Tool Joint OD can
also be overwritten manually.
 Tool Jt Len. If nothing is input in this field, Advantage will default to a tool joint length of 5% of
total pipe length. If a different length is input, this input length will overwrite the default value.
Tool Joint Length is only used in hydraulic calculations. It is not used in Torque and Drag.
 Jt./Stand, Avg Stand Len: Used in hydraulics calculations. This field is not used in Torque and
Drag.
 Ther. Coeff: Used in TubeMove calculations. This field is not used in Torque and Drag.
 Protectors: Refer to [ Torque and Drag]
8.3.3.2.8 HWDP – DC
 HWDP (heavy weight drillpipe) and DC (drill collars) components have very similar input fields
to drill pipe.
 Their use is needed in most cases to provide weight to the bit and assure drill string stiffness
when required.
 The appropriate placement and use of these components play an important role on Torque,
Drag and Buckling analysis – See details later in this section.
8.3.3.2.9 Others
 Stabilizers, MWD, Downhole Tools, Bits, Hole Openers, etc. Only the actual weight of those
components is taken into account for Torque and Drag calculations.
8.3.3.3 Engineering Operations
8.3.3.3.1 Bit Depth

The value entered here is the reference depth considered for Torque and Drag calculations.
8.3.3.3.2 WOB
Planned operating Weight On Bit
8.3.3.3.3 TOB
Use the enclosed formula for bit torque calculation. However, when using motors, use motor
performance chart to determine bit torque based on your expected differential pressure.
8.3.3.3.4 TOB/TOR
Torque on bit/reamer for under-reaming application:
Page 34 of 41
For a quick calculation of Torque and Drag only for under-reaming application the pilot hole section
may be ignored because:
 The length and weight of the pilot BHA is neglected with comparison to the total weight of the
drill string.
 In Advantage, the mechanical torque generated by stabilizer / BHA is not taken into account in
the overall drilling torque.
 Generally, a drill string is defined one time in the drill string editor for both T&D and hydraulics
calculations. It is very important for hydraulics that the pilot BHA is very precisely defined.
8.3.3.3.5 How to define Bit and/or Reamer Torque for under-reaming application
Advantage recognizes only the torque generated at the last component from the top down of the
drill string. There is no a specific formula or rule of thumb on how to estimate the bit torque whether
the pilot BHA is included in the drill string or not.
 The value of bit torque to be used in the Eng. Operational editor in Advantage will be a rough
estimation and in this case the assumption is to use the reamer diameter and total WOB for bit
torque calculation.
 If a motor is used to drive the reamer, the performance chart should be used to estimate the
torque based on differential pressure.
 This value can be fine-tuned by considering the area cut by the reamer vs. area cut by the bit,
as well as the different reamer bit aggressiveness, but the value will be inaccurate. Assumptions
should be noted to clarify discrepancies and mismatches between the model and actual drilling
parameters.
8.3.3.3.6 Axial velocity / String RPM

 Axial Velocity is the speed while moving the drill string up or down. In drilling scenarios it is
equal to the ROP.
 String RPM is average surface RPM.
Figure 16: String RPM
8.3.3.3.7 Drilling
 RPM = 0 Sliding, RPM ≠ 0 Rotation, ROP as expected
8.3.3.3.8 Slack-Off
 If RIH RPM = 0, Axial Velocity = Any
 If RIH RPM ≠ 0, Axial Velocity = Avg. running in speed
8.3.3.3.9 Pick-UP
 If PU RPM = 0, Axial Velocity = Any
Page 35 of 41
 If PU RPM ≠ 0, Axial Velocity = Avg. pulling out speed

The relationship between axial velocity and RPM will dictate the distribution of the friction losses
between torsional and axial friction losses. For example, Drilling w/ Rotation Scenario: 5-1/2 in. DP,
Surface RPM = 50, ROP = 20m/h, the rotation speed (50 RPM) conversion to m/h is ~ 1300 m/h.
Plotting the axial and rotational velocities results are approximations.
8.3.3.3.10 Block Weight and Block Efficiency

In order to convert the computed pick-up and slack-off surface loads to rig-site, hookload data as
observed on a deadline-type weight indicator requires an efficiency percentage for frictional losses
in the hoisting system. This must be provided for either a single sheave or the whole system.
An efficiency of 97% per sheave had been assumed in older T&D program versions as
recommended in older literature (Crake) where the most typical rig setup included eight (8) strung
lines. This led to an overestimation of frictional losses (underestimation of efficiency) for more
modern rigs with twelve (12) or up to sixteen (16) lines.
With the new approach, either a single sheave (default 97%, range 97-99%) or total system
Efficiency (range 85-95%) must be provided. If frictional losses are neglected in the hoisting
system, use 100% as an efficiency value and the Block Weight entered will be displayed as an
additive term.
This data is required if the Calculate Indicated Hook Loads option is selected on the Torque and
Drag Setup window. (Not required for WOB calculation.)
Figure 17: Torque and Drag Setup Window
8.3.3.4 Wellbore Geometry

For Torque and Drag analysis of a drillstring, the important entry in this field is the casing/liner ID
and hole size. This will define the annular clearance between the borehole and the drill string/BHA.
This parameter is particularly important for buckling and casing wear analysis. For liner/casing runs,
hydraulics and swab and surge analysis casing/liner ID/OD are taken into account in the
calculations. If casing/liner is loaded from the catalog, ensure the correct casing/liner linear weight
is selected because it will define the casing/liner ID automatically.
8.3.3.5 Survey
Correct input is crucial for Torque and Drag calculation because it is directly dictating, along with
combination of the axial load and the weight of the elements, the side forces and calculated torque,
drag and stresses.
During the planning phase, a planned wellbore trajectory is generally entered. Once actual survey
data is obtained, it should be input for more accurate Torque and Drag results.
Page 36 of 41
In near vertical wells, especially in relatively long intervals or extended length wells with shallow
kick-offs, consider entering actual survey data instead of assuming a vertical wellbore. The
accumulative torque and drag generated in this interval due to high side forces may be substantial
and should not be ignored.
Be aware if a tie on point is used at the start of the survey section, the software is assuming a
continuous build from surface (MD=0.0m) until the used tie on point depth.
8.3.3.6 Tortuosity and Friction Factor

Tortuosity
Applying tortuosity or noise to the well plan is a way of quantifying a well bore imperfection due to
natural drift tendency and induced well bore drift due to the BHA/bit interacting with the well bore.
Usually a planned well-profile is used in the survey editor for pre-job Torque and Drag calculation.
The software assumes a smooth curve/path between survey stations which is not a realistic model
and would represent an ideal situation. Using such assumptions for the calculation would result in
lower torque and drag values than those observed in the field. Imposing tortuosity to a planned well
path consists of adding micro doglegs onto a smooth path. This will allow a more realistic estimation
of the side forces, including torque and drag.
The tortuosity value is entered into the editor as a max build plane curvature for inclination variation
and max walk plane curvature for azimuth variation.
Figure 18: Tortuosity Value
The two existing variations are None or Random. The recommendation is to use None for cased
hole sections with actual survey data, and to use Random for open hole sections whenever a
planned well profile is used for the calculation. The program will randomly generate doglegs within
the section based on the user's specification of maximum relative noise amplitude. For post well
analysis when actual surveys are used in the survey editor, it is not recommended to impose
tortuosity.
The option should be selected from the editor so that the tortuosity effect, when applicable, is taken
into account in the calculation.
For cased hole sections, or sections that have actual survey data at a high frequency, such as 100
ft/survey points, there is no need to apply any tortuosity. In cases where surveys are taken at low
frequency, such as more than 100 ft, it is better to use a planned well profile and impose tortuosity
rather than using actual surveys without imposing tortuosity.
Tortuosity is also dependent on the drilling system used. Typically sections drilled with motors will
have a higher value than those drilled with AutoTrak, VertiTrak, or TruTrak.
Page 37 of 41
8.3.3.7 Engineering Fluids

Mud Weight: The only input required for Torque and Drag analysis. This parameter is used for
buoyant weight calculation, thus correct mud weight input is crucial for accurate Torque and Drag
calculation. This option is used mainly when two or more drilling fluids are used such as simulating
casing/liner floating in long horizontal and extended reached wells or casing/liner cementing jobs.
Example: Floating Casing/Liner consists of filling the casing/liner with a lighter density fluid than the
fluid in the annulus this will allow floating the string and overcoming the axial friction (drag). When
this option is selected another Fluid tab will appears together with a Positions tab (see Figure 19).
Figure 19: Fluid Tab with Positions Tab
In Static ( Torque and Drag) Tab, one can define which of the fluids is used in either the drill string
or the annulus.
8.3.3.8 T&D Analysis

The Advantage Torque and Drag results are displayed in a set of graphs and a set of reports:
Figure 20: Available Results Plots
Figure 21: Available Results Reports
The plots display graphically the distribution of the forces and stresses over the entire drill string
elements. The data are also available in Load and Torque and Stress reports whereas the summary
reports list the maximum loads, torque and stresses and the corresponding depths for the different
operations modes (Drilling D, pick-up P, Slack off S and rotating of bottom R) as well as safety
factors, buckling and other useful information which will be covered below.
Page 38 of 41
When running Torque and Drag Calculation mode, it is important to

know that all the calculations are done for a discrete snapshot,
meaning specifically for the entered bit depth. It is not expressing in
Note any case forces and stress distribution as the drilling progresses
(the plots are forces versus measure depth and not forces versus
bit depth). The measured depth is determined by the bit depth input
in the Eng.Operational tab.
The calculation of forces and stresses as the drilling progresses (versus bit depth) is possible by
choosing Depth In/Out Calculation calculation mode.
8.3.4 Determining Friction Factors

There are two different methods of calculating the friction factor within the Real-time T&D
application: Incremental FF Method and Well FF Method.
 The incremental friction factor (FF) algorithm calculates a FF for the drillstring to the depth
where the FF log starts. From that point on, it calculates a FF for incremental steps until a new
sensor signal has been recorded or a new calculation is started. This assumes that the FF in the
preceding element(s) stays constant. Using this feature, it is immediately apparent when friction
increases/decreases at a given bit depth. A disadvantage of this method is that any FF changes
in other parts of the well are attributed to the last element and, therefore, a FF change does not
express from which part of the drillstring the increased FF is originating. To make the general
tendencies clearer, the changes in the incremental FF can be averaged over specified lengths.
(Experience shows that averaging over 25 meters is sufficient.)
 In the well FF algorithm, the FF is always calculated over the complete wellbore. The FF
changes here are generally small as they are averaged over the complete drillstring, but they
give realistic FF values representing the complete drillstring wellbore interaction.
Incremental friction factors are only valid for a small interval, while well friction factors are valid for
the complete well.
The two methods are used in two ways to determine friction factor:
 Incremental friction factor calculation only
 Incremental and well friction factor calculation
If the Only Incremental Friction Factor option is checked (General Setup window), the calculation
algorithm calculates only incremental and not well friction factors. If it is disabled, both incremental
and well friction factors are calculated. The default should be a disabled check box.
Since the incremental friction factors are stored for an interval and assumed to be constant, a
friction increase in the upper sections results in a higher new calculated friction factor. Friction
changes over a long upper interval result in a much higher calculated friction factor for the last
interval. If the problem causing this higher friction (stuck pipe, hole cleaning problems, and so forth)
disappears, the calculated friction factor for the last interval drops rapidly to near zero. If this
happens, select the Calculate menu and Reset Friction Factor (in the Realtime T&D main window)
to reset all friction factors and observe a new friction factor trend.
Because of sensor resolution restrictions, it is normal that incremental friction factors are calculated
less often than well friction factors.
Page 39 of 41
Real-time T&D uses either downhole information supplied by an MDP sub or CoPilot tool, using
downhole TOB and WOB and surface data or just surface data. When downhole information is
available, the FF calculation can be incremental or for the complete well. With just surface data,
measurements are performed during off-bottom rotation, slack off, or pick up, and a FF calculation
should be done for the complete well.
If the calculated friction factors are less than zero or greater than 2.0, the calculation is aborted and
an error message is written to the error.log file.
The software is applicable for conventional drilling and coiled tubing (reeled system).
8.3.4.1 Friction Factor Logs (Control Files)

Friction factor logs are recorded in two control files:
 BakerFF.log – contains a friction factor log of all calculated friction factors and the
corresponding sensor data during the job, and is updated whenever you restart the program.
 BakerFF.ctl – contains the currently used friction factors. It will be updated every time a new
calculation is performed.
The following layout is used in both control files:
 Measured Depth, Bit depth, Surf. WOB, Incremental Friction Factor, Well Friction Factor,
corrected HKLD, Torque, WOB, TOB, ROP, RPM, Rig status, Min. Yield Factor, Min. Fatigue
Factor, HKLD WOB Difference.
8.3.4.2 Modeling Friction Factors

Friction factor modeling is one of the essential features embedded within the Torque and Drag
application. Friction factor modeling can be based on either of the following:
 Slack-off or pick-up hook load measurements
 Drilling or rotation off-bottom surface torque readings
Action Results/Notes
Select Friction Factor Calculation in the This activates the Surface Loads for Friction
Calculation Mode section on the Torque and Factor Calculation section on the Eng.
Drag Input Data Editor. Click Apply. Operational window.
From the Eng. Operational window, specify
the surface load from the drop-down list and
enter the hookload or torque measurement of
the operating case in the input field.
Enter the following operating parameters:
 Bit depth in the Bit Depth field
All operating modes, not just the Friction Factor
 WOB in the Weight on Bit field Calculation mode, will be analyzed when the
calculations start.
 TOB in the Bit Torque field
Click Apply
Page 40 of 41
9 Reports and Forms

 Advantage Mud Report
 End of well Recap
10 Records
None
11 References
None
Page 41 of 41

Baker Hughes Obm Procedure

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Baker Hughes Obm Procedure

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Level: L2 - Procedure Tier: GLB - Global

Document Type: Operation Manual

MPRESS and MPRESS HT Operations Manual

2 Safety and Regulatory ................................................................................................................... 8

3 Pre-Job Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 9

https://dms.bakerhughes.com/sites/operations/workArea/100572/OPS-GLB-DCF-100572.dotm MA-GLB-En-100030 Rev. G

4 Operating Procedures ................................................................................................................. 11

5 Post Job Procedures ................................................................................................................... 19

9 Reports and Forms ...................................................................................................................... 41

1.3 Responsibility and Authority

1.4 Governance Documents

1.5 Terms and Definitions

1.6 Description of Activity

1.6.1 System Composition

1.6.1.1 MP-LIFT™ UL (200°F/93ºC)

1.6.1.2 MP-LIFT™ (275°F/135ºC)

1.6.1.3 MP-LIFT™ HT (350˚F/177ºC)

1.6.1.4 MP-MUL™ (275°F/135ºC)

1.6.1.5 MP-MUL™HT (>375˚F/190˚C).

1.6.1.6 MP-HOLD™ (285°F/141°C)

1.6.1.7 MP-HOLD™ HT (>350˚F/177˚C)

1.6.1.12 Diesel Oil

1.6.1.14 Calcium Chloride Brine (CaCl2)

1.7 Key Operational Considerations

2 Safety and Regulatory

2.1 Stop Work Process

2.2 Journey Management

2.3 Personal Protective Equipment

2.4 Hand Safety

2.5 Hand Protection

2.6 Facial Protection

2.7 Well Site Safety

2.8 Chemical Handling (Safety Data Sheets)

3.1.2 Journey Management Plan

3.1.3 Review Handover Notes

3.1.4 Rig Familiarization

3.1.5 Mud program

3.2 Inventory and Mud Testing Equipment

3.2.2 Mud Testing Equipment

 Blender for pilot testing

4.1.2 Liquid Mud Plant (LMP) Mixing Procedures

9.0 63 30 2 1/4 1/4 7 58

9.5 61 30 2 1/4 1/4 7 85

10.0 60 29 2 1/2 1/4 6 111

10.5 58 29 2 1/2 1/4 6 138

11.0 57 28 2 1/2 1/4 5 166

11.5 56 28 2 3/4 1/4 5 193

12.0 58 22 3 1/4 5 226

13.0 56 21 3 1/4 5 280

14.0 53 20 3 1/4 5 334

Table 2: MPRESS Liquid Mud Plant Mixing (BHT < 275°F/135°C)

9.0 72 20 2 1/4 1/4 10 71

9.5 70 20 2 1/4 1/4 9 98

10.0 69 19 2 1/2 1/4 9 125

10.5 67 19 2 1/2 1/4 8 152

11.0 66 18 2 1/2 1/4 8 179

11.5 64 18 2 3/4 1/4 7 205

12.0 63 17 2 3/4 1/4 7 232

13.0 59 17 3 1/4 7 286

14.0 56 16 3¼ 1/4 6 340

15.0 53 15 3 1/2 1/4 6 394

The fluid should be weighted to the correct density once it arrives

9.0 63 30 2 1/4 1/8 7 58