• Trisomy 21 - also known as down syndrome • Kumintang - Filipinos would sing this song in preparation for war battle • En ventre sa mere - the right of the unborn child is the same as the right of individual • Mark Twain - the pen name of Samuel Clemens • Heroic Couplet - last two lines of the Sonnet • Sergio Osmeña - the first appointed head of the Department of Education during Commonwealth period • Philippine Normal University - established by the Americans for aspiring educators in 1901 • Animal cells - do not produce cell walls • Boustrophedon - Ancient Greeks form of writing • Nitrogen - the most abundant gas in the atmosphere • Skin - body's largest organ • Chivalric education - also known as a social discipline. The educational system which emphasized social etiquette • Socratic method - teachers ask questions to try to get students to clarify and rethink their own ideas, to come eventually to a deep and clear understanding of philosophical concepts • Saracenic education - this education is training for scientific thinking • Verbatim - word for word • Social Justice - very foundation of genuine peace and reconciliation • Tomas Pinpin - kauna-unahang manlilimbag na Pilipino • National Treasury - provides the fund to support the Air Quality Management in the Philippines • Pascual Poblete - tinaguriang "Ama ng Pahayagang Tagalog" • Oxygen - a by-product of Photosynthesis • Water - universal solvent • Gametes (in human) - contain 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome • Emilio Jacinto - Utak ng Himagsikan • Apolinario Mabini - utak ng rebolusyon Katipunan • Kinkee - the gas lamp used to lighten the streets in intramuros way back in history • Miranda rule - the right of a person under arrest • Epistemology - examines the nature and origin of human knowledge • Empiricism - holds that the sensory experience is the source of knowledge • Agnosticism - coined by Thomas Huxley which means "not knowledge but being able to know • Metaphysics - it seeks to find out what is ultimately real • Horticulture - the art of growing flowers, fruits and vegetables • Jus sanguinis - a child follows the nationality or citizenship of the parents regardless of the place of his birth • 1956 - Lupang Hinirang was sung for the first time • Element - the simplest substance that cannot be decomposed further by normal chemical means • Pedro Bukaneg - Ama ng panitikang Ilocano • Intellectual Appreciative Experiences - based on the premise that all the learning has emotional correlates • Thailand - formerly called "Siam" • Henry Otley Beyer - proposed the idea that the first Filipinos came through waves of migration from South to North • Klaster - Kambal katinig • Trinidad Tecson - Ina ng Biak-na-Bato at Ina ng Kruss na Pula (Red cross) • Truman Doctrine - was an american foreign policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the cold war • Manila - was named "Distinguished and ever Loyal City" by Legaspi • Mariano Trias - First Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines • Plebiscite - the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on important public questions such as a change in the Constitution. • Monotheist religion - Christianity, Islam, Judaism • First sultanate - Sultanate of Sulu • Diwata I - first Satellite launched by the Philippines • Franchise - given the right to vote • Disenfranchise - removal of the right to vote • Antarctica - Largest dessert, cold dessert • Bicameralism - upper house / Lowerhouse • Executive - implementing body • Legislative - Lawmaking body • Judiciary - interpreting body • Ural Mountain - separated Europe and Asia • 5 ships of Magellan - Trinidad, Conception, Victoria, San Antonio, & San Tiago • Mongoloids - Known as the Yellow race • Henry the Navigator - the great king of Portugal • Doctrina Cristiana - the first book written in the Philippines • Francisco Baltazar - the Father of Tagalog Poetry • Lola Basyang - is the pen name of Severino Reyes • Kenkoy - the first and longest-running komiks series in the Philippines • Juan Crisostomo Soto - the Father of Pampanga Literature • Manila Bulletin - the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since 1900 • Alejandro Abadilla - the Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry • Jose Rizal - he wrote the popular fable The Monkey and the Turtle • The Decalogue - known as Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan • Paciano Rizal - Rizal's model for Pilosopong Tasyo • Dimasalang, Laong-laan - Rizal's pen name • Taga-ilog - Juan Luna's pen name • Alibata/Baybayin - the first Filipino alphabet • 15 letters - the first Filipino alphabet consists • Jose Ma. Panganiban - He was known for his ‘Memoria Fotografica’ • Amado Hernandez - He is known as the ‘poet of the workers or laborers’ • Bukanegan - Ilocano balagtasan is called • Maragtas - Visayan epic about good manners and right conduct • Pascual Poblete - the father of Filipino newspaper • Panderegla - first Filipino bread • President Duterte - first President from Mindanao • Chlorophyll - molecule that allows plants to capture energy from sunlight • Malaya - uri ng sanaysay na di pangkaraniwan ang paksa na tinatalakay nang ayon sa sariling istilo ng manunulat • Mexico - through the Galleon trade (1565-1815), the Philippines had extended contacts with • Acid rain - environmental conditions has been blamed for the usual occurrence of fish kills • Metatesis - uri ng pagbabagong morponemiko na gumagamit ng pagpapalit ng posisyong ponema sa salita • Kolokyal - mga salitang ginagamit bilang impormal • Classical - artistic tradition that seeks to revive past glory in various forms • Salvaging - one instance of taking away the life of another person without due process • ½ - the fraction halfway between 3/7 & 4/7 • Nick Joaquin - Filipino writer in English used Hispanic- Filipino cultures and traditions in his fiction works • Hamlet - "to be or not to be" • Onomatopoeia - twinkle... twinkle... twinkle... • Kuwit - naghihiwalay sa mga salita • Augustinians - first religious missionary in the Philippines • Metaphor - black sheep in the Family • Naty Crame Rogers - Sala Theater • Writ of Amparo - right to life, liberty and security • Writ of Habeas Corpus - demand presence of the accused • Asia - Hinduism is the oldest religion in • Maslow - hierarchy of needs • Elegy - death of individual • Ika- - tambilang • 1990 - Mt. Pinatubo • Mt. Mayon - perfect cone • Pananaliksik - lathala • Pagyayabang - katangian ng isang debate maliban sa • Kuwit - paghihiwalay ng mga salita • Midnight Sun - when the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, it is summer and when the sun shines all the time both day and night • Yeast - example of fungus • Capsid - protein shell of a virus • Yeast - organism that feeds on necrotic and decaying matter • Geographical Isolation - a species of fish live in a lake. When a dam was constructed in the areas a group of fish was separated and populated a new pond. Then they developed differing characteristic and become a distinct species. • Bat - a creature that can emit sound waves even it is far from distance • Food web - shows complex food relationship of organism in a given area and the cycle flow of food through organism. • Surface of water - surface tension • Facebook - social networking service available through computer • CPU - Brain of Computer • Community Tax - tax required to be paid annually by all adult Citizens of the Philippines • Writ of habeas data - right to information privacy • Pang-abay - naglalarawan ng kilos o galaw • Microfilaments - amoeboid movement and changes in cell shape • Runner - bamboo asexual reproduction • Aquilino Pimentel - father of the local government code • Darwin - origin of species • Mental - cognitive skills are not easily observable because they are • Castrillo - famous sculptor of landmark structures • Consumer - kumakain sa producer • Educational Psychology - application of the principle theories of human behavior in teaching and learning • George Eliot - Mary Ann Evans pen name • Stomata - carbon Dioxide enters plant through holes in the leaves • Gas - energy source in the Philippines which is still not fully developed • Philippines - ring of fire • Rice Terraces - man made • Mysticism - Eastern Religion • Calmness - composure • Land and structure - real estate tax • China - Han dynasty • Bale-wala - make mountain of a mole • Kapag - exception • Balagtasan - patulang pagtatalo ng mga makata • Armed struggle - Emilio Aguinaldo • Non-violence - Benigno Aquino said " "I have returned on my free will to join the ranks of those struggling to restore our rights and freedoms through • Lake - gulf • Worm - segmented • Reforestation - solution • Padamdam - Aray! • Homer - mythical geographer • Tunog - walang diptonggo • 1988 - modernisasyon ng wika • Queen of Elizabeth - queen of virgin • Metaphor - phantom of delight • Pamukod - pangatnig na nagbubukod • Graciano Lopez-Jaena - founder of La Solidaridad/Greatest Orator • Impromptu - ang paksa ay ibinibigay bago magsimula ang talumpati • Frailocracia - term of Marcelo H. del Pilar to friars • Severino Montano - Arena theater proponent • Carbon dioxide - released by plants at night • Rectangle - shape of a brick • Cilia - hair-like structure • Alexander Fleming - discoverer of penicillin • Fray Juan de Plasencia - author of Doctrina Christiana • Air - light travels fastest • 14 - protons of Silicon • Reduccion - pagbabagong anyo ng bayan • 30 days - enrolled bills becomes a law • Juan Luna - painter of the spolarium • Bukanegan - Ilocano Balagtasan • Maragtas - Visayan Epic about Good manners and right conduct • Lupang Tinubuan - best story was written during the Japanese period • Narciso Reyes - Lupang Tinubuan • Corido at Buhay na pinagdaanan ng tatlong prinsepeng anak ng Haring Fernando at Reyna Valeriana - The original title of Ibong Adarna • Andres Bonifacio - The Great Plebian • Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo - President of the First Philippine Republic • Gregorio Del Pilar - Hero of the Tirad pass battle • Gomburza - martyred priests in 1872 • Rajah Soliman - Last Rajah of Manila • Melchora Aquino - Mother of Balintawak • Rafael Palma - First University of the Philippines president • Marcelo H. Del Pilar - Greatest Journalist of the propaganda movement • Juan Luna - Greatest Filipino painter • Leona Florentino - First Filipino Poetess • Pedro Paterno - Peace of the Revolution • Blood Compact (Sandugo) - agreement between Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna) • Hinduism - oldest religion in Asia • 30 days - lapse • Sonnet - lyric poem consists of 14 lines • Haiku - Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables) • Tanka - Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables • Blank Verse - with meter but no rhyme • Dramatic Monologue - written in form of speech for individual character • Elegy - death of individual • Epic - tells a story about heroic figure • Eulogy - message for the dead • Free Verse - without meter but with rhyme • Idyll (Idyl) - peaceful, idealized country scene • Lyrics - thoughts and feelings • Narrative - tells story • Ode - typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric • Pastoral - rural life in a peaceful & romanticized way • Survival and conformity - aims of eras pre-Spanish • Spanish - Christianity/Religion • American - democratic ideals and way of life • Commonwealth - moral character, efficiency • Japanese - progress • Haiku - 575, Tanaga - 7777, Tanka - 57577 • Umalohokan - town criers • Dispenser of knowledge - sage on stage • Favoritism - negative effect of extended family • Gitling - bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng panlaping ika at tambilang • Probiotics as Bifidobacterium - example of a non-pathogenic microorganism • Union Obrera Demokratika - first labor union in the Philippines • Philippine Independent Church - the only remnant after World War II • Fr. Pedro Pelaez - secularization movement • Limited - mother financial problem • Polka - not a folk dance from Mexico • Bodabil - a play not from the Spanish era • Acta de Tejeros - rejected Aguinaldo as President • Folklore - the philosophy of our folks during pre-Hispanic era • Katalinuhan - basal o di-konkreto • Leeches:Anticoagulation - Segmented:Worm • Tissue - group of cells • Spencer - survival of the fittest • Pagsang-ayon - Kasalungat ng pagtugol • In Vitro Fertilization - test tube babies • Kuwit - paghihiwalay ng mga sunod-sunod na pangungusap • Pangungusap - salita o grupo ng mga salit • Balagtasan - uri ng pagtatanghal na binubuo ng paligsahan ng dalawang makata • Oxygen - these are compounds except • K-III - grade tinuturo ang mother tongue • Chat room - science subject • Pancreas - organ who secretes insulin • Learning is an active process - violated when Teacher Ivon just lectures while students listen • Multi-grade class - combining 2-3 grade level • K-12 - kindergarten is compulsory before proceed to grade 1 • 45,46 - consecutive number whose sum is 91. • Developmental Portfolio - penmanship skills of the students in the biggining, middle, and after the school year • Pagkatakot - gabi na ngunit bakit wala pa siya • Brigada Eskwela - bayanihan in school • Sounds - Phonology • Socialization - participating and functioning members of the society by fighting into organize way of living. • 8 levels - hierarchy of biology taxonomy • Spiral Curriculum - K-12 • Professional Licensed- signed by the PRC. • Sa kanyang ama (Padre Damaso) - namana ni Maria Clara ang kanyang pagka mestiza • TRAIN Law - Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion • Conservation - about mother earth • IP (Indigenous People) - stress the positive aspects of culture • Spreadsheet - performs computation • Biosphere - air, water, and land • PQF - Philippine Qualifications Framework • Reforestation - solution due to increasing global warming • Bread Provider- not the role of a mother during pre-Hispanic era • 45 units - CPD units need for teachers to renew the license • Lakandula - chief of Tondo • Isabelo D.R. Viborra and Artemio Ricarte - founder of Philippine Socialism • Francisco Baltazar - Father of Tagalog poetry • Leonor Rivera - fiancee of Jose Rizal • Baldomero Aguinaldo - leader of Magdalo • Insulares - Spaniards born in the Philippines • Julian Felipe - composer of the Philippine National anthem • Alejandro Abadila - Father of Modern Tagalog poetry • Juan Crisostomo Sotto - Father of Pampango Literature who wrote there is no God • Graciano Lopez Jaena - Greatest Filipino Orator of the Propaganda Movement • Panday Pira - First Filipino Cannon Maker • Mariano Ponce - Managing Editor of La Solaridad • Gregoria de Jesus - Lakambini of Katipunan • Fernando Ma. Guererro - Poet of the Revolution • Felipe Agoncillo - Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic • Gen. Francisco Makabulos - Leader of Tarlac Revolt • Agueda Esteban - wife of Artemio Ricarte • Trinidad Tecson - mother of Biak na Bato • Teresa Magbanua - Visayan Joan of Arc • Francisco Baltazar - Prince of Tagalog poets • Efifanio Delos Santos - man of many talents • Francisco Dagohoy - Leader of the Longest revolt in Bohol • Lapu-Lapu - First Filipino hero • Galicano Apacible - Co-founder of Katipunan • Diego Silang - Leader of the Ilocano Revolt • Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog - work of Bonifacio that tells the history of the Philippines • Jose Rizal - The Monkey and The Turtle • The Decalogue - Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan • Simoun - The following characters created by Rizal reflect his own personality except (El Filibusterismo) • To my Fellow Children - The line whoever knows not how to love his native tongue. • Juan Luna - Taga-ilog • 15 Letters - first Filipino Alphabet is consisted • Manila Bulletin - oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since 1900 • Talindaw - song about Love • Colado - awit ng mga taong di naimbitahan sa kainan • Jose Ma. Panganiban - known for his Memoria Fotografica • Arthropods – jointed appendages • Amino group – chitins from cellulose • Amphibians – live on land but breed on water • Hollow oblong body – birds in aircrafts • Proboscis – mouthparts of butterflies and mosquitoes • Vacuoles – stores water, sugar, minerals • Nitrogen cycle – mushrooms thrive / biogeochemical cycle • Methane and carbon dioxide – two gases in climate change and greenhouse effect • Ovary – part of flower that develops fruit • NADH and pyruvate – end product of glycolysis • Parenchyma – storage cell of plants • Laser – surgery of retina • Spencer – coined the term “survival of the fittest” • Peristalsis – wave-like contraction in esophagus • Veins – back to heart • Arteries – away from heart • Capillaries – supplies oxygen • Lacteals – digested fats • Sunrise in east – earth rotates from west to east • Iron and nickel – inner core of the earth • Li2S – lithium sulfate • Becquerel – radioactivity • Gas – sounds travel slowest • Shale – clay is hardened and cemented • Anthracite – highest rank of coal • Mantle – where lava came from • Southwest monsoon – July to September • Northeast monsoon – October to December • Day is longer – slowing down of earth rotation • Perigee – point in moon orbit nearest to earth • Aphelion – point in earth orbit farthest from the sun • 152.05 million km – distance from sun to earth • Storm surge – rapid rise of coastal water with cyclone • Venus – no moon • Nuclear fusion – star produce large amounts of energy • Moro-ami – pounding of corals with a heavy weight • Water – higher specific heat capacity compared to sand • Sublimation – solid to gas • Cement – to be safe in lightning • Convex – mirror used in cars • Liver – best for iron-deficient students • Positive geotropism – roots of plants • Hemodialyzer – machine used for malfunction of kidney • Tropical cyclone – meteorology cannot predict • Decrease transpiration – desert plant to have few leaves • Twice the chromosomes – without the process of meiosis • Organic compounds – compounds containing carbon • Igneous – kind of rock abundant in the Bicol region • Alkyl benzene sulfonate – substance in detergents which causes foam in stream water • Polymorphism – ants and honeybees as “caste system” • Testosterone – development of secondary male sexual characteristics • Carotenoids – pigment of flowers and fruits responsible for change in color • Hemoglobin – gives the red color • Solid – sound waves travel the fastest • Increase in atmospheric CO2 – increased global temperatures • Destruction of habitats – cause of dwindling biodiversity • Releases noxious gases – incineration as waste disposal • Light hits an object, bounces, and then enters the eyes – true about light and seeing • Raw egg white – similar effect as vinegar or citrus juice • Increase nitrogen content in soil – ammonium sulfate • Fungi – mold • Lactic acid – essential to human but dangerous when highly consumed • No atmosphere – astronauts cannot communicate in moon • Gangsa – flat gong • Tultogan – Visayan drums made of bamboo • Semantics – “dad” • These – Th sound • idz – voiced affricate • upon – epi- • Nursemaid – oxford in yaya • Myth – Maria Makiling • Trochaic – one stressed, one unstressed • Dr. Zhivago – totalitarianism over Russia by Boris Paternak • Rabindranath Tagore – Gitanjali • Olympian Spring – Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler • War and Peace – greatest novel ever written by Leo Tolstoy • Panchatantra – collection of Indian fables • Mary Evans – George Eliot • Samuel Clemens – Adventures of Huckleberry Firm • Les Miserables – Victor Hugo • Kalidasa – Indian Shakespeare • Rudyard Kipling – The Jungle Book • Cask of Amontillado – revenge and murder of Fortunato and Montessor • John F. Kennedy – “Ask not what America…” • Julius Caesar – political realist • Little Prince – ‘only the heart can see rightly’ • Antonio Villegas – festival of outstanding films every June • DRTA – Directed Reading-Thinking Activity • Hiatus – lapse • Hubhub – commotion • Erratic – inconsistent • Excruciating – unbearable • Cosmopolitan – sophisticated • Sophomoric - immature • Ability to spell words correctly – text messaging • Forget what other people have done to hurt you – “write injuries in dust, benefits in marbles” • Shared – choral reading • 6 – yunits sa Filipino noong 1978 • Sintaks – pag-uugnay ng salita para sa wastong pahayag • Sematiks – pag-aaral ng kahulugan • Gumugulo – umuukilkil • Pangnilalaman – pangngalan, pang-abay, pang-uri, pandiwa • Kareta – magsasaka, kalabaw • Kuripot – malalim ang bulsa, lawit ang pusod • Mainggit – mang-imbulo • Walang paksa – walang tubig kahapon • Felipe de Jesus – Unang Tunay na Makata • Balitaw – kundiman in Bisaya • Banaag at Sikat – pinakamahalagang nobela (1906) • 1962 – Filipino ang diploma • Pananda – ang mga • Panitikan – nagpapahayag sa paraang organisado at artistiko • William Shakespeare – “Ang pag-ibig ay hindi pag-ibig kapag nagbabago kung nakakakita ng pagbabago” • Tag-tuyot – tagbising panahon • 21 – ponema ng Filipino • Story frame – pagkakasunod-sunod ng pangyayari sa kuwento • Mock-up – pagtuturo ng replica na yari sa isang tunay na materyal • Salawikain – “Kung anong bukambibig siyang laman ng dibdib” • Pabuod – halimbawa tungo sa paglalahat • Sarzuela – pamamagitan ng halong Tagalog at Kastila • Phenomenal – umaaraw na • Pormulasyong panlipunan – walang anuman • Nagdadalantao – salitang Pambansa • Pisyolohikal – pagkautal na sagabal sa pagsasalita • Gamitin ang katutubong katumbas – rice terraces • Alpabetong Romano – titik batay sa bigkas ng Ingles • Excise tax – indirect tax • Congress – power to declare war • Egalitarianism – all citizens are equal • Segregation – secessionist movement in Mindanao • Eastern – Visayas, moist climate • Xenocentrism – colonial mentality • Limasawa – first mass in the Philippines • Sikatuna – Legaspi blood compact in Bohol • Emilio Jacinto – Kartilla of the Katipunan • Stagflation - ↑ prices ↓ output • Equator – imaginary line that divides the north and south hemisphere • Prime Meridian – imaginary line that divides the east and west hemisphere • Manuel Quezon – “My loyalty to my party…” • Claro Recto – great dissenter • Umalohokan – public announcer of barangay • Timawa – Filipinos who were free and independent • Become a province – assimilation of Philippines by Spain • William McKinley – proclaimed Benevolent Assimilation policy • Magsaysay – Little Man • Fiscal policy – controls taxes and government expenditures • Capitalism – free enterprise • Australia – smallest continent (AsAfNSAnEau) • Iraq – sending doctors and nurses • South America – Cape Horn • Maurya – Ashoka • Napoleon Abueva – Father of Philippine Sculpture • Amorsolo – planting rice • Zealandia – lost continent • Japanese – leaving footwear • RA 9165 – shabu • RA 7776 – integration of person with disabilities to society • Censoring by authorities – rallies staged against lewd films • Particularism – limit our love and concern to our families • Equitable, Equal, Progressive – pro-poor taxation system • Free trade – level of taxing is mutual between countries • General Romulo – first presiding officer of the United Nation • Dialogue – does not belong in Cold War • Barangay empowerment – solved the caste and social strata system in the Philippines society • DARN – commit a drug dependent to achieve natural state • Sinulog – Cebu • Dinagyang – Iloilo • Freedom from all forms of racial discrimination – right to human dignity • Credit cooperative – promotes thrift among members and generates funds • Assembly – supreme body in a cooperative • Full public disclosure – public accountability and transparency • Partially independent – President Quezon’s time • Cultural relativism – no single universal standard to judge another society or culture • Bayanihan spirit – Gawad Kalinga • Reagan’s foreign policy – giving aid to anticommunist rebels in Nicaragua, Afghanistan, and Angola • Books, literary works and music – final tax of 10% • Inner peacelessness – drug addiction, neurosex • Mt. Hibok-Hibok – volcanoes in the island of Mindanao • Absolute equality – greatest value according to Karl Marx • Selling of stocks to buyers – healthy banking industry • Upper class – differed gratification • Palay exchange and marketing – save harvest wastage • Pagemaker – writing a letter • Command – single phrase to tell computer what to do • Local area network – links computer to a base computer to share software materials