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Annisa Sitoresmi Rakhman, Jovan Edgar Alvaro Sebayang, Naila sadina Arvi

Introduction
Cancer statistics from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the
National Cancer Institute state that the prevalence of leukemia is 13.7/100,000, with the
number of deaths from leukemia being 6.8/100,000 each year. The prevalence of leukemia
cases in the 65-74 age group is the highest, 22.4%, with a median age of 66 years when
leukemia is diagnosed. The highest number of deaths from leukemia was found in the age
group of 75-84 years, which was 30.2%, with a median age of 75 years at death.

Medicinal plants are currently used worldwide due to their antioxidant and
antimicrobial effects, which have become popular due to the increasing ratio of
drugresistant microorganisms. Misuse of antibiotics has been a major cause of the
development and spread of multidrugresistant strains of various classes of pathogens. The
antimicrobial effects of various medicinal plants have been studied extensively, and the
presence of several clinically important compounds has been validated. These
antimicrobial or antioxidant properties are primarily based on the presence of major
bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, terpenes, glycosides, and
flavonoids. Herbs and spices have many health benefits.

The chemo-preventive properties of herbs and spices are primarily mediated by BCL-2,
K-Ras, and MMP pathways, caspase activity, extrinsic apoptosis pathways, and regulation
of ER-stress-induced apoptosis. As a safer natural alternative, different herbs and spices:
ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and garlic (Allium
sativum L.), will be tested for their effectiveness. This research is expected to raise the
development of spices around us to be developed as a medicine form to neutralize
leukemia cancer.

Purpose
1. To find bioactive compounds from ginger, tumeric and garlic as candidates for
leukemia medication.

2. To testl the level of effectiveness of bioactive compounds in ginger, turmeric and

garlic as candidates for leukemia medication with the In Silico method.
 Methodology
Timeline Phytochemical Screening

Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) In Silico

Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) In Silico

The principle of PSA testing is a In silico test is a type of test method

dynamic light scattering or Dynamic
Light Scattering (DLS) so that it can
measure the particle size of the
compound as well as the distribution of
dispersed particles in the volume of
solution over a large concentration
range (PDI).
that utilizes the help of computer
devices, one method that is widely
used in this in silico test is the molecular
docking method. With this method,
researchers can find out the optimal
position of the molecule (ligand) that is
geometrically precise and the bond
energy with the active side and the
target protein.

Phytochemical Screening

Phytochemical screening test aims to provide an overview and analyze the class
of secondary metabolite compounds contained in plants in this case, namely
ginger, garlic, and turmeric by testing several reagents.
 Data/Result and Discussion:
A. Phytochemical Screening B. PSA Result C. In Silico Analysis
The results of the tests of the combined
solution of Ginger, Turmeric, and Garlic:

Docking Anilin Docking Curcumin

Docking Gingerol Fludarabine

Based on the result, it can be attracted that the combine
solution contain alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid and saponin.
All compounds play a role in providing benefits as anti-
inflammatory, anticancer, antiemetic, and boost the
immune system. The occurrence of the flavonoid proved
the various active compounds of Ginger, namely
Gingerol. Furthermore, the result proves the content of
Turmeric active compounds, namely curcumin as the
main compound. The compounds act as anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and boost
the immune system.. Lastly, garlic proves to contains
active compounds, namely Allicin as the main compond.
Garlic has the ability to lower blood pressure, boost the
immune system, and improve heart health.
The principle of PSA testing is a dynamic light scattering The binding affinity of fludarabine is only -
or Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) so that it can measure
the particle size of the compound as well as the 6,8, while gingerol and curcumin have higher
distribution of dispersed particles in the volume of binding affinity which is -7 and -8,7
solution over a large concentration range (PDI). The PSA respectively. The lowest is form anilin with the
proved that the solution contains some low molecular number of -4.8. The result suggests the ability
mass compound as the kind of plant secondary
metabolite which is ranging from 100 into more than of ginger and turmeric to become inhibitor
10000 nm in diameter, in which it is suggested be the Casein kinase II, in better probability then
n a n o e n c a p s u l a te d to i m p rove t h e e f fi c a c y o f the garlic and event the drug of fludarabine.
transportation and absorption. However, the PDI is found
to be 1.1 that showed the capability of the matter to be
safely delivered into the target cells which were the
cancer cell.

Conclusion Recommendation

1. There are alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, The plants' material could be use as a
saponin and tanin as the active kind of additional treatment for
c h e m i c a l co m p o u n d s o f g i n g e r, leukemia patients to reduce cancer
turmeric, and garlic. However, we have growth and metatasis.
to find the most druglikeness of
leukemia which is fluradabine, and
based on literature study we found
anilin, curcumin, and gingerol.

2. I n s i l i c o s t u d y p r o v i d e t h e
effectiveness of anilin, curcumin, and
gingerol in guiding CK2 with binding
affinity -7, -8,7, and -4,8. The number
was slightly higher than the one of
fluradabine which is -6,8.

3. Therefore, we can say based on

these results, ginger and turmeric have
good potential to inhibit the growth of
leukemia cells, a more likely possibility
than the garlic and fluradabine.

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