B.

SC(NURSING)
SECOND YEAR
COMMUNICATION & EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
UNIT – IV
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
PREPARED BY
MRS.R.MADHUMITHA,M.SC(NURSING)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
KVCN
 INTRODUCTION

Guidance & counseling are twin concepts & have

emerged as essential elements of every
educational activity.
Guidance & counseling are not synonymous term.
Counseling is a part of guidance.
Guidance in educational context, means to
indicate, point out, show the way, lead out &
direct.
Counselling is a specialized service of guidance.
It is the process of helping individuals learn
more about themselves & their present &
possible future situations to make a substantial
contribution to the society.
DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE:
“ Guidance is an assistance made
available by a competent counselor to an
individual of any age to help him direct his own
life, develop his own point of view, make his own
decision & carry his own burden.”
- Hamrin & Erikson

“Guidance is a process of helping every

individual,through his own effort to discover
& develop his potentialities for his personal
happiness & social usefulness.”
- Ruth Strang
DEFINITION OF COUNSELING :
“ Counseling is essentially a process in
which the counselor assists the counselee to make
interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or
adjustment which he needs to make.’’
-Glenn F. Smith

“Counseling is a series of direct

contacts with the individual which aims to offer him
assistance in changing his attitude behaviors.”
- Carl Rogers
 DIFFERENCE
BETWEENGUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING
GUIDANCE
❖ Guidance is broader & ❖
comprehensive.
❖ Guidance is more ❖ Counselling helps
external, helps a person
understand alternative
solutions available to him
& makes him understand
his personality & choose
the right solution.
COUNSELING
Counseling is in-depth &
narrow .
people understand
themselves & is an
inward analysis &
alternative solutions are
proposed to help
understand the problem
at hand.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
GUIDANCE
❖ Guidance is mainly
preventive &
developmental.
❖ Intellectual attitudes are
the raw material of
guidance .
❖ Decision making is
operable at an intellectual
level in guidance.
❖ Guidance is generally
education & career
related & may also be for
personal problems
COUNSELING
❖ Counseling is remedial as
well as preventive &
developmental.
❖ Emotional rather than pure
intellectual attitude are raw
material of the counseling
process.
❖ Counseling operates at an
emotional level .
❖ Counseling is offered for
personal & socialissues.
PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING
Providing the needed information & assistance
Helping in individual to make wise choices
Improve the understanding of self • Facilitate the
adjustment
Helps in adapting to the changes or new
environment
Making self-sufficient &
independent .
PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING :
Efficient use of capabilities & talent
Promote the optimal personal & professional
development.
Balanced physical, psychological, emotional,
social & spiritual growth
Helps in overall development &
to live productive life .
 FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING…
To provide optimum development & well-being
for individual.
To help individuals adjust to themselves & the
society.
To help people understand
themselves in relation to the world.
To aid individuals in efficient
decision making.
❖To help individuals plan for a productive life in
their.

❖social context by focusing on their assets,

skills, strengths & possibilities for further
development.

❖To bring about changes in the attitude &

behavior of individuals.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELING:

Counselling involves two individuals

-one seeking help & the other,
a professionally trained person
who can help the first.

There should be a relationship of mutual respect

between the two individuals.

Counseling is aimed at bringing about desired

changes in the individual for self-realisation &
providing assistance to solve problems through an
intimate personal relationship.
 Counseling is aimed at bringing about
desired changes in the individual for
self-realisation & providing assistance to solve
problems through an intimate personal
relationship.

The counselor discovers the problems of the

counselee & help him to set up realistic goals.
 PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING :

✔ Guidance and counseling is universal

requirement.
✔Continuous process:-
✔Evidence
✔Professional activity
✔Student centeredness
TYPES/ AREAS OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING:

EDUCATION:-
∙ Guidance and counseling is an important in
education.
∙it will provide assistance to perform satisfactorily
in the academic works
∙and also helps for the chose appropriate course
for the study .
∙ helps in overcoming learning difficulties.
∙expert assistance is also required.
∙for enabling the student in making proper
adjustment in relation to general academic
life .
∙adjustment to effect maximum intellectual,
emotional and physical development .
Types of educational guidance:

1. pre –admission guidance needs.

2. post – admission guidance needs.

1. VOCATIONAL:-

In which student need guidance for

assistance provided for selection of a vocation
and preparation for same, and concerned with
enabling clients to acquire information about
career opportunities.
2.AVOCATIONAL:-

The assistances to be provided to clients to spend

their available leisure time profitably such as game
,drama ,fine arts which have recreational value.

3. HEALTH GUIDANCE:-
Health guidance is integral part
of society for the preventive ,promotive ,curative and
restorative measures has to be provided to ensure
the achievements of this objective.
4.MORAL GUIDANCE:-
For the student who are having
undesirable practices, moral guidance
has to be provided to keep them in track and
lead noble lives.

5.MARITAL GUIDANCE:
persons may need guidance for the
right choice of a life partner or for happy
marital life.
 6.PERSONAL GUIDANCE :

Students face many health problems

related to themselves ,their friends ,family ,
teachers, educational achievements and social
adjustment, feeling of disappointment unfavorable
atmosphere at home for studies ,strained and
unhappy interpersonal relationship progress in
study is hampered.
Expert guidance has to be provided
to those students to face the situations with
confidence.
TYPES OF COUNSELLING

1. directive
2. non directive
3. short term
4. long term
5. elective clinical psychological
6. psychotherapy.
Directive counseling:-
This counseling also known as
prescriptive or counselor–centered counseling
because in which counselor have an important role
on solving the problem by giving emphasis on the
problem.
counselor is supposed to be an
authoritative person and he have to identifies,
defines,diagnoses and provides a solution to the
problem.
Nondirective counseling:-

1. This type of counseling is also

known as client centered counseling.
2. in which counselee is the active
participant and counselor is the passive
participant.
3. The counselee is the pivot, he
takes an active part in the process of
therapy he gains insight into his problem
with the help of the counselor .he only
decides and takes necessary action.
Short-term counseling:-

This kind of counseling is used in

situational crisis but whatever the situation ,it
needs immediate attention.
counselors guides problem-solving
in a systematic way or decision making in logical
way.
Long term counseling:-
It extends over a prolonged period
of time ,it may varies ,daily ,weekly or
monthly basis.

It is focused for the client who

experiences developmental crisis ,may need
long –term counseling.
Clinical counseling:-
It is used for the diagnosis and treatment
of mind function maladjustments and to find better
adjustment and self – expression.
a relationship primarily individual, face to
face between counselor and client.
it describes the problem and also suggests
the solution or remedies for the problem.

Electic counseling:-
The counselor will use both directive
and non directive
Psychological counseling:-
In which simply on conversation between
client and therapist.
In the form of questions and answer s,
reconstruction of past history or discussion of
current.

Psychotherapeutic counseling:-
Psychologically trained individual
consciously attempts verbally to assists the other
persons to modify emotional attitudes.
Student counseling:-
helping the student to solving his problem
pertaining to the choice of educational institute
,courses, methods of study, adjustment, vocational
choice, etc.

Placement counseling:-
In which counselee in regard to job and
posts which are suitable to the client depend upon
his abilities , attitude and interests.