Unit 1 - Cell Structure Name: Juan Castellanos

Study Guide ** use your notes and/or the PPTs to complete

1. Who is credited with coming up with the name “cells?” was coined by Robert Hooke in 1665. Why?
When observing a thin slice of cork under a microscope, he noticed that the material was composed of
tiny, box-like structures resembling the cells of a monastery.

2. Name the 3 parts of the cell theory:

A. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

B. The cell is the basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all living organisms.
C. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

3. Compare and contrast Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic cells using the ALL words in the word bank:

Viruses
4. Are viruses considered ALIVE? No. Why or why not?
Viruses are not able to reproduce on their own, and they require a host organism in order to replicate.
They also lack the cellular structure that is necessary for life.
5. Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral replication (fill in the venn diagram
below) :
:
The lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral replication are two different ways in which viruses can replicate. In the lytic
cycle, the virus infects a host cell and causes it to produce new viral particles, which then burst out of the cell and
go on to infect other cells. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus integrates its genetic material into the host cell's DNA,
and the virus is then replicated along with the host cell's DNA when the cell divides.
Both cycles involve the virus replicating itself within a host cell. In the lytic cycle, the virus directly causes the
host cell to produce new viral particles, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, the virus is replicated along with the host
cell's DNA. Additionally, both cycles can lead to the destruction of the host cell.

6. List some examples of viruses :

Examples of viruses include the common cold virus, influenza virus, HIV, herpes virus, hepatitis
B virus, coronavirus, West Nile virus, and rabies virus.

7. Describe the following and indicate where found:

Antigens: are molecules found on the surface of viruses, bacteria, and other foreign substances that
the body recognizes as foreign.
Antibodies: are proteins produced by the body's immune system to recognize and bind to antigens,
neutralizing them and preventing them from causing infection. Antigens and antibodies are found in the
bloodstream, lymph nodes, and other areas of the body's immune system.

8. What is a vaccine and how does it work to protect the body against viruses?
A vaccine is a preparation of weakened or killed viruses, bacteria, or other infectious agents that is
administered to a person to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against a particular disease.
Vaccines work by introducing a small amount of a virus or bacteria into the body, which stimulates the body's
immune system to produce antibodies that recognize and attack the virus or bacteria. These antibodies then
remain in the body, providing protection against future infections.
Cell Structure

9. Identify the parts of the cell above and describe their functions

Name Function
The nucleus is the control center of the cell,
containing the genetic material (DNA) and
A Nucleus
controlling the activities of the cell.

Mitochondria are organelles that produce energy

B Mitochondria for the cell.
 The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes
and sacs that transport proteins and other
C Endoplasmic Reticulum
materials

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that packages

proteins and other materials for transport within
D Golgi Apparatus
the cell and to other cells.

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills

E Cytoplasm the cell and contains the organelles.

Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that store materials

F Vacuole such as water, enzymes, and waste products.

The cell membrane is a thin layer of proteins and

lipids that surrounds the cell and controls what
G Cell Membrane
enters and leaves the cell.

Chloroplasts are organelles that contain

chlorophyll and are responsible for
photosynthesis.
H Chloroplast

Ribosomes are organelles that produce proteins.

I Ribosomes
Centrioles are organelles that are involved in cell
J Centrioles division.

Identify the parts ONLY in PLANT cells

The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells

K Cell Wall that provides protection and structure to the cell.

Plastids are organelles that contain pigments and

L Plastids can be used for storage or photosynthesis.