Hydraulic Structures –Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011

Flow rate = 30 cumec

Bed width = 20 m
Depth of water = 1.5 m
Full supply level = 251.50 m
Side slopes = 1½ :1
Manning n for concrete = 0.016

High flood discharge = 250 cumec

High flood level = 247.50 m
High flood depth = 2.5 m
General ground level = 251.00 m

Lacey’s regime wetted perimeter

Pw  4.83 Q
 4.83 250  76.37 m
Let the clear span between piers be 8 m and the pier thickness be 1.5 m.
Provide 8 bays of 8 m each = 64.0 m
7 piers of 1.5 m each = 10.5 m
Waterway between abutments (Bed width of canal) = 74.5 m

Bed width of canal = 20 m

Let the canal to be flumed to 10 m.

Provide 2:1 splay in contraction and 3:1 in expansion.

20  10
Length of contraction transition   2  10 m
2

20  10
Length of expansion transition   3  15 m
2

In the transitions, the side slopes of the section will be warped from 1½ : 1 to vertical.

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Hydraulic Structures –Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011

At section -
Area of section   B  1.5D  D
  20  1.5 1.5 1.5  33.375 m 2
Q 30
Velocity V     0.899 m s
A 33.375
0.8992
Velocity head   0.041 m
2  9.81

R.L. of bed (given) = 250 m

R.L. of water surface = 250+1.5= 251.5 m
R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.5+0.041= 251.541 m

At section -
30
Velocity   2m s
10 1.5
22
Velocity head   0.204 m
2  9.81
Loss of head in expansion from section (3)-(3) to sec (4)-(4)


0.3
19.62
 22  0.8992   0.049 m

R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.541+0.049= 251.59 m

R.L. of water surface = 251.59-0.204= 251.386 m
R.L. of bed = 251.386-1.5+0.041= 249.886 m
Say 249.89 m
From section - to section -, area and velocity are constant
A 15
R   1.154 m
P 10  2 1.5
1
Velocity in the trough  R 2/3S 1/2
n
1
2.0  1.154  S 1/2
2/3

0.016
S  0.00084
Headloss due to friction in the trough  74.5  0.00084  0.063m
At section -

R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.59+0.063= 251.653 m

R.L. of water surface = 251.653-0.204= 251.449 m
R.L. of bed = 251.449-1.5= 249.949 m
Take 249.96 m
At section -
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Hydraulic Structures –Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011

Loss of head in contraction transition from section - to sec -


0.2
19.62
 22  0.8992   0.033 m

R.L. of T.E.L. = 251.653+0.033= 251.686 m

R.L. of water surface = 251.686-0.041= 251.645 m
R.L. of bed = 251.645-1.5= 250.145 m
Take 250.16 m

Figure 1: Bed levels, water surface elevations, and T.E.L. elevations at different sections of the structure. All
dimensions are in meters. Drawing is NOT to scale.

a. Expansion transition
Mitra’s formula is:
Bc B f L
Bx 
L Bc   Bc  B f  x
where Bf= 10 m, Bc= 20 m and L=15 m
20 10 15 3000
Bx  
15  20   20  10  x 300  10x

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Hydraulic Structures –Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011

For different values of x

x (m) Bx (m)
0 10.0
3 11.1
6 12.5
9 14.3
12 16.67
15 20.0

b. Contraction transition
Bf= 10 m, Bc= 20 m and L=10 m
2000
Bx 
200  10x

x (m) Bx (m)
0 10.0
2 11.1
4 12.5
6 14.3
8 16.67
10 20.0

To economize the construction cost of the road, the trough may be divided into two equal
compartments each 4.8 m wide by providing an intermediate wall 0.4 m thick. The road
shall be carried on the top of the left compartment.
Check if the reduction of the waterway to 9.6 m instead of 10 m will do any change.
Provide a freeboard of 0.75 m above the normal water depth of 1.5 m. so that, the slab
should be 1.5+0.75= 2.25 m above bed level of trough. The trough body should be
constructed in reinforced concrete. For full design details see Fig. 9.20.

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Hydraulic Structures –Design of Aqueduct May 30, 2011