МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТІИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

НАУКОВЕ ТОВАРИСТВО ДРОГОБИЦЬКОГО ЛІЦЕЮ

Відділення: мовознавство
Секція: англійська мова

КУЛЬТУРНА І РОЗВАЖАЛЬНА ІНДУСТРІЇ ПІВДЕННОЇ КОРЕЇ

Роботу виконала:
Саламаха Сніжана,
учениця 11 класу
Дрогобицького ліцею

Науковий керівник:
Лариса Войтович,
учитель англійської мови
Дрогобицького ліцею

Дрогобич 2020
 THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION OF DROHOBYCH LYCEUM

Department: language studies

Section: English

CULTURAL AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY OF SOUTH KOREA

Done by:
Snizhana Salamakha
A student of the 11th form,
Drohobych lyceum

Scientific advisor:
Larysa Voitovych,
English language teacher,
Drohobych lyceum

Drohobych 2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION………………………………..…………………………4
CHAPTER I CULTURAL INDUSTRY OF SOUTH KOREA …….......... 5
1.1 Architecture………………………………………………………...…...5
1.2 Holidays in South Korea………………………………………….……..8
1.3 Historical monuments…………………………………………………..11
1.4 Korean appeals………………………………………………………… 13
CHAPTER II ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY………………………….16
2.1 Television in South Korea………………………………………………16
2.2 Cinematography…………………………………………………………19
2.3 K-POP…………………………………………………………………...20
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………...24
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………...27
 INTRODUCTION
South Korea is a highly developed country and the world's 12th-largest economy
by nominal GDP. Culture of this country is really impressive. South Korea has a
thriving entertainment industry where various facets of South Korean
entertainment, including television dramas, films, and popular music, has generated
significant financial revenues for the nation's economy. The cultural phenomenon
known as Hallyu or the "Korean Wave", has swept many countries across Asia
making South Korea a major soft power as an exporter of popular culture and
entertainment, rivaling Western nations such as the United States and the United
Kingdom. Since the success of the film Shiri in 1999, the Korean film industry has
begun to gain recognition internationally too. Domestic film has a dominant share
of the market, partly because of the existence of screen quotas requiring cinemas to
show Korean films at least 73 days a year.
The research is relevant due to popularity of these industries of South Korea in the
whole world and because of their certain characteristics it caused the increase of
tourists and immigrants.
The purpose of this study is to explore and describe peculiarity of traditions,
methods of communication, entertainment and other things which related to
cultural side of South Korea. The purpose of the course work is specified in the
following tasks:
1. describe the communication features of people
2. identify the most interesting architectural landmarks
3. find out about the details of Korean television and the pop industry
The South Korea is an amazing place to visit that offers a diverse range of
experiences to travelers. One reason why people may choose to visit South Korea is
to enjoy the culture of this country.
The object of research is cultural and entertainment industry of South Korea.
The subject of research is variation of Korean traditions and special features of
culture and influence of Korean wave on the whole world.
The practical value of the paper arose from the fact that almost all people
recognized all the beauty of Korea.
 CHAPTER 1
CULTURAL INDUSTRY OF SOUTH KOREA
1.1Architecture
The N Seoul Tower / N 서울타워
Officially the YTN Seoul Tower and commonly known as the Namsan
Tower or Seoul Tower, is a communication and observation tower located
on Namsan Mountain in central Seoul, South Korea. At 236 metres (774 ft), it marks
the second highest point in Seoul.
Built in 1971, the N Seoul Tower is South Korea's first general radio wave tower,
providing TV and radio broadcasting in Seoul. Currently, the tower broadcasts
signals for Korean media outlets, such as KBS, MBC and SBS.
Built in 1969 at a cost of approximately 2.5 million USD, Namsam tower was opened
to the public in 1980. Seoul Tower was completed on December 3, 1971, designed by
architects at Jangjongryul though at the time the facility interior was not furnished. It
took until August 1975 for the third floor of the observatory deck, museum, open
hall, souvenir shop, in addition to bring the other facilities to completion. However,
despite finalization of tower construction, the observatory was closed to the public
until October 15, 1980. Seoul Tower had its name changed to N Seoul Tower in 2005
whereas the "N" stands for 'new', 'Namsan', and 'nature.' Approximately 15 billion
KRW was spent in renovating and remodeling the tower.
It has also been known as the Namsan Tower or Seoul Tower

Changdeokgung / 창덕궁
Also known as Changdeokgung Palace or Changdeok Palace, is set within a large
park in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. It is one of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by
the kings of the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897). As it is located east of Gyeongbok
Palace, Changdeokgung—along with Changgyeonggung—is also referred to as the
"East Palace" (동궐).
Changdeokgung was the most favored palace of many Joseon princes and retained
many elements dating from the Three Kingdoms of Korea period that were not
incorporated in the more contemporary Gyeongbokgung. One such element is the fact
that the buildings of Changdeokgung blend with the natural topography of the site
instead of imposing themselves upon it. It, like the other Five Grand Palaces in Seoul,
was heavily damaged during the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910–1945).
Currently, only about 30% of the pre-Japanese structures of the East Palace Complex
(Changdeokgung together with Changgyeonggung) survive.

Lotte World Tower / 롯데월드타워

Is a 123-floor, 555.7-metre (1,823 ft) supertall skyscraper located in Seoul, South
Korea. It opened to the public on April 11, 2017 and is currently the tallest building
in South Korea, and is the 6th tallest building in the world. After 13 years of planning
and site preparation, the tower gained final approval to start construction by the
government in November 2010 and the first groundbreaking activities of piling and
frame assembly were observed at the construction site in March.
At New Year 2016 the LED-pixels of the facade showed "2016".
On April 2, 2017, Lotte shot off fireworks to celebrate its official opening. On Jan 1,
2018, Lotte shot off fireworks with LED laser show for 7 minutes to celebrate New
Year's Day and the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. Lotte World Tower is a
landmark in Seoul. It is the first 100-story building in Korea. As of its completion, it
was the second-highest tower in the world, following the Shanghai Tower (located
546 meters high and 118 stories) in Shanghai, China, and the highest in
the OECD countries. The conceptual design calls for a slender cone with convex,
gently curved sides. An exterior of pale-coloured glass draws inspiration from
Korean ceramics and features accents of metal filigree.

Namhansanseong / 남한산성
Is a historical mountain fortress city 25 km southeast of Seoul, South Korea. It sits
approximately 480 m above sea level and is aligned
with the ridges of the mountain for maximum defensibility.
The fortress, stretching 12 km in length, protects a vast area used as an emergency
capital city during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1392–1910). The design is based on
fortress architecture of East Asia, embodying aspects of four historical cultural styles:
the Joseon of Korea, the Azuchi-Momoyama Period of Japan,
and Ming and Qing China. It was extensively developed during the 16th to 18th
centuries, a period of continuous warfare. The technical development of weaponry
and armaments during this period, which saw the use of gunpowder imported
from Europe, also greatly influenced the architecture and layout of the fortress.
Namhansanseong portrays how the various theories of defense mechanisms in Korea
were put to form by combining the everyday living environment with defense
objectives. The fortress indicates how Buddhism played an influential role in
protecting the state, and it became a symbol of sovereignty in Korea.It stands on
the Namhansan (South Han Mountain), containing fortifications that date back to the
17th century and a number of temples. It can be accessed from Seoul
through Namhansanseong Station of Seoul Subway Line.

Hwaseong Fortress or Suwon Hwaseong / 수원 화성

Is a fortification surrounding the centre of Suwon, the provincial capital of Gyeonggi-
do, in South Korea. It was built from 1794 to 1796 by King Jeongjo of
the Joseon dynasty to house and honour the remains of his father, Prince Sado. Sado
had been executed by being locked alive inside a rice chest by his own father King
Yeongjo after failing to obey a command to commit suicide. Located 30 kilometres
(19 mi) south of Seoul and enclosing much of central Suwon, the fortress includes
King Jeongjo's palace Haenggung. The fortress and enclosed palace were designated
as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1997. It comprises among many other
features the palace, a perimeter wall, four main gates, and two sluicegates over
the Suwoncheon, Suwon's main stream, which flows through the centre of the
fortress.
 1.2 Holidays in South Korea
Public holidays in South Korea each belong to one or more of three categories:
1.National day (국경일)
2.National flag raising day (국기게양일)
3.Public holiday (공휴일)
Each category has a different legal basis. All national days are also flag raising days.

Independence Movement Day

This day commemorates the March 1st Movement in 1919. On March 1 of this year,
33 Korean nationalists and students declared their nation's independence in Seoul. It
started a nationwide civil protest and was a catalyst for the establishment of
the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. The March 1st Movement,
also known as Sam-il (3-1) Movement ( 삼 일 운 동 ) was one of the earliest public
displays of Korean resistance during the rule of Korea by Japan from 1910 to 1945.
The name refers to an event that occurred on March 1, 1919, hence the movement's
name, literally meaning "Three-One Movement" or "March First Movement"
in Korean. It is also sometimes referred to as the Man-se Demonstrations (만세운동).
Constitution Day
Constitution Day (제헌절) in South Korea is observed on 17 July, the day that the
South Korean constitution was proclaimed in 1948. The date was deliberately chosen
to match the founding date of 17 July of the Joseon Dynasty. Constitution Day was
proclaimed to be a South Korean national holiday on 1 October 1949, with the
creation of the National Holiday Law. A commemorative ceremony is held with the
President, Chairman of the National Assembly, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
and the original constitutional assembly members in attendance, and citizens hang the
national flag in commemoration. Special activities such as marathons are often held.
Since 2008, Constitution Day in South Korea is no longer a "no work" public
holiday, following the restructure of laws regarding the public sector with a 40-hour
work week. It is still a national holiday for commemoration.
National Foundation Day
The day celebrates the foundation of Gojoseon, the first state of the Korean nation.
According to the Samguk Yusa, Dangun founded Gojoseon on the 3rd day of 10th
lunar month, 2333 BC. Today, South Koreans celebrate their national foundation on
October 3 according to the Gregorian calendar, for convenience sake. Gaecheonjeol
means "Heaven-opened Day". Is a public holiday in South and North Korea on 3
October. Also known by the English name National Foundation Day, this holiday
celebrates the legendary formation of the first Korean state of Gojoseon in 2333 BC.
This date has traditionally been regarded as the date for the founding of the Korean
people. Gae-cheon ("Opening of Heaven") refers to 3 October 2457 BCE, the date
when Hwanung ( 환 웅 ) descended from heaven to live with mankind. The harvest
ceremony was celebrated in the Korean realms; Yeonggo (영고) of Buyeo; Mucheon
(무천) of Yemaek; Gyeeum (계음) of Mahan and Byeonhan; Dongmaeng (동맹) of
Goguryeo; and Palgwanheoi ( 팔 관 회 ) of Silla. In 1909, Gaecheonjeol was
established as a national holiday. At first, the holiday was observed on the third day
of the 10th month on the lunar calendar, but it has been fixed on 3 October of the
solar Gregorian calendar since 1949.

Korean New Year (설날)

Is the first day of the Korean calendar. It is one of the most important traditional
Korean holidays. The celebration usually lasts three days: the day before Korean New
Year, Korean New Year itself, and the day after Korean New Year. During this time,
many Koreans visit family, perform ancestral rites, wear hanbok ( 한 복 ), eat
traditional food, and play folk games. Additionally, children often receive money
from their elders after performing a formal bow. Korean New Year generally occurs
in January or February on the second new moon after the winter solstice, unless there
is a intercalary eleventh or twelfth month in the lead-up to the New Year. In such a
case, the New Year falls on the third new moon after the solstice. Korean New Year
typically falls on the same day as Chinese New Year.
Chuseok (추석)
Literally "Autumn eve", once known as hangawi ( 한가위) from archaic Korean for
"the great middle (of autumn)"), is a major harvest festival and a three-day holiday in
both North- and South Korea celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar
calendar on the full moon. Like many other harvest festivals around the world, it is
held around the autumn equinox, i.e. at the very end of summer or in early autumn.
As a celebration of the good harvest, Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns and
share a feast of Korean traditional food such as songpyeon ( 송 편 ) and rice wines
such as sindoju and dongdongju. There are two major traditions related to Chuseok:
Charye ( 차 례 , ancestor memorial services at home) and Seongmyo ( 성 묘 , family
visit to the ancestral graves).

Christmas
Is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on
December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around
the world . A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season
of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which
historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some
traditions, Christmastide includes an octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in
many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by a majority of Christians, as
well as culturally by many non-Christians, and forms an integral part of the holiday
season centered around it.

1.3 Historical monuments

Crowns of Silla
The crowns of Silla were made in the Korean kingdom of Silla approximately in the
5th–7th centuries.These crowns were excavated in Gyeongju, the former capital of
Silla, and are designated National treasures of South Korea. The Silla crowns were
uncovered in the tumuli of Gyeongju, South Korea, the capital of Silla and Unified
Silla. Silla tumuli, unlike their Baekje and Goguryeo counterparts were made
inaccessible because the tombs did not include passageways and corridors. Instead,
deep pits were dug and lined with wood and this is where the treasures and coffin
were placed. These burial pits were covered in dirt and sealed with clay and then the
surface was covered with massive river boulders which were then covered with
massive mounds of dirt. The heavy boulders also served to push the tombs deeper
into the ground[citation needed], thus making them even more inaccessible. The Silla
burial mechanism made it so that grave robbers and foreign invaders could never
steal their precious contents. Some of the crowns are made of pure gold and were
probably reserved for kings. Other crowns have been discovered made from gilt-
bronze or gold-plated bronze, probably for princes or lesser kings. Silla crowns have
been excavated from the 5th century Gold Crown Tomb, and the 6th century Gold
Bell Tomb and Heavenly Horse Tomb.The adoption of Buddhism by the Silla kings
in 528 A.D. led to the eventual decline of the practice of burying gold artifacts in
tombs and by the end of the sixth century the practice had stopped.

Bulguksa / 불국사
Bulguksa is located on the slopes of Mount Toham (Jinheon-dong, Gyeongju city,
North Gyeongsang province, South Korea). It is a head temple of the Jogye Order of
Korean Buddhism and encompasses seven National treasures of South Korea,
including the Dabotap and Seokgatap stone pagodas,
Cheongun-gyo (Blue Cloud Bridge), and two gilt-bronze statues of Buddha. The
temple is classified as Historic and Scenic Site No. 1 by the South Korean
government.
In 1995, Bulguksa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List together with the
Seokguram Grotto, which lies four kilometers to the east.The temple is considered
as a masterpiece of the golden age of Buddhist art in the Silla kingdom. It is
currently the head temple of the 11th district of the Jogye Order of Korean
Buddhism.
Among the earliest woodblock prints in the world, a version of the Dharani sutra
dated between 704 and 751 was found there in 1966. Its Buddhist text was printed
on a 8 cm × 630 cm mulberry paper scroll.

Seokguram /석굴암
The Seokguram Grotto is a hermitage and part of the Bulguksa temple complex. It
lies four kilometers east of the temple on Mt. Tohamsan, in Gyeongju, South Korea.
It is classified as National Treasure No. 24 by the South Korean government and is
located at 994, Jinhyeon-dong, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do. The grotto overlooks
the East Sea and rests 750 meters above sea level. In 1962, it was designated the 24th
national treasure of Korea. In 1995, Seokguram was added to the UNESCO World
Heritage List together with the Bulguksa Temple. It exemplifies some of the best
Buddhist sculptures in the world.The Seokguram grotto is said to have been built by
Kim Daeseong and originally called Seokbulsa ( 석 불 사 , Stone Buddha Temple).
Construction began in 742 when Kim Daeseong resigned his position in the king's
court or in 751, the 10th year of the reign of King Gyeongdeok of Silla. This time
period was the cultural peak of Unified Silla. The grotto was completed by the Silla
court in 774, shortly after Kim's death. An old legend stated that Kim was
reincarnated for his filial acts in his previous life. The legend relates that the
Bulguksa Temple was dedicated to Kim’s parents in his present life while the
Seokguram Grotto was dedicated to Kim's parents from a previous life.
The grotto is currently one of the best known cultural destinations in South Korea. A
viewing of the sunrise over the sea, which is visible from near the seated Buddha's
perch, is especially popular.
Cheomseongdae/첨성대
Cheomseongdae is an astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, South Korea.
Cheomseongdae means star-gazing tower in Korean. Cheomseongdae is the oldest
surviving astronomical observatory in Asia, and possibly even the world. It was
constructed in the 7th century in the kingdom of Silla, whose capital was Seorabeol,
or present-day Gyeongju ( 경 주 ). Cheomseongdae was designated as the country's
31st national treasure on December 20, 1962. Modeled on Baekje's Jeomseongdae,
which now exists only in historical records, the Cheomseongdae influenced the
construction of a Japanese observatory in 675, and Duke Zhou's observatory in China
in 723. The number and placement of the stones in Cheomseongdae have been
theorized to represent various historical and astronomical figures.The central hole or
window separates the body into 12 layers of stones both above and below,
symbolizing the 12 months in a year and the 24 solar terms. Additionally, the 12
stones which comprise the stylobate may also reference the 12 months.

Jongmyo/종묘

Jongmyo ( 종 묘 ) is a Confucian shrine dedicated to the perpetuation of memorial

services for the deceased kings and queens of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (1392–
1897). According to UNESCO, the shrine is the oldest royal Confucian shrine
preserved and the ritual ceremonies continue a tradition established in the 14th
century. Such shrines existed during the Three Kingdoms of Korea period (57-668),
but there have not survived. The Jongmyo Shrine was added to the UNESCO World
Heritage list in 1995. Jongmyo is adjacent to Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung
in the south. They used to be connected in the Joseon period, but were separated by a
road built by Japanese colonialists. Nowadays there is a construction plan to recover
the original structure of the shrine. The main buildings of Jongmyo was constructed
in October, 1394 when Taejo, first king of Joseon Dynasty, moved the capital to
Seoul. It was destroyed by fire in the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98), then
rebuilt in 1608.

1.4 Korean Appeals

오 빠 (oppa) “older brother” or a male friend or a male sibling or your boyfriend
who’s older than you (as a female). A younger female to call an older male friend or
sibling: 정국오빠, 사랑해요! (Jungkook oppa, saranghaeyo!)

형 (hyeong; hyung) “older brother”A male friend or a male sibling who’s older than

you (as a male). A younger male to call an older male friend or sibling: 정국형
언 니 (eonni; unnie) “older sister” A female friend or a female sibling who’s older
than you (as a female) A younger female to call an older female or sibling: 수지언니
(Sooji unnie/eonni)
누 나 (nuna; noona) “older sister” A female friend or a female sibling who’s older
than you (as a male) A younger male to call an older female or sibling: 수지누나

선배 (sunbae; seonbae) “senior” A female or male student who’s older than you at
school/university. A younger female or male student: If you’re a senior at a university
and your friend is a freshman, you’re 선배 (sunbae/seonbae) to them.

Opposite word of 선배 (sunbae; seonbae) is 후배 (hu-bae) 후배 (hubae; hoobae)

“junior” A female or male student who’s younger than you at school/university. An
older student to call someone who’s younger than him/he: If your friend is a
freshman at a university and you’re a senior, your friend is 후배 (hu-bae). Opposite
word of 후배 (hu-bae) is 선배 (sunbae; seonbae)

동생 (dongsaeng) “younger sibling” A younger male or female sibling or any friend

who’s younger than you (as a female/male). An older male/female or an older sibling
to one who’s younger than them. You don’t use this word when you call them. Call
them by name: 걔는 내 여자친구가 아니야. 그냥 아는 동생이야.
“She’s not my girlfriend. She’s just a younger friend I know.”
여 동 생 (yeodongsaeng) “younger sister”A younger female sibling or any female
who’s younger than you (as a female/male). An older male/female or an older sibling
to a female who’s younger than them. You don’t use this word when you call them.
Call them by name:내 여동생 소개할게; 이름은 김수진이야. 수진아, 인사해.
“Let me introduce my sister; her name is Kimk Sujin. Hey Sujin, say hi.”
남 동 생 (namdongsaeng) “younger brother” A younger male sibling or any male
who’s younger than you (as a female/male). An older male/female or an older sibling
to call a male who’s younger. You don’t use this word when you call them. Call them
by name: A: 준철이 어디 있어? “Where is Juncheol?”

B: 아, 내 남동생? 지금 피씨방에 있어. “Ah, my brother? He is at PC bang.”

씨 (ssi) “Mr./Miss/Mrs.” Someone whom you need to show some respect to. For
business environment: 소희씨 (Sohuissi)

님 (nim) “Mr./Miss/Mrs.” (It’s more polite and respectful than 씨 [ssi]) Someone
whom you need to show some respect to. For business environment: 소연님 안녕하
세요 (Soyeonnim annyeonghaseyo)
어머님 (umonim; eomeonim) 어머니 (eomeoni) “mother”. Is an honorific form of 어
머니 (eomeoni) “mother”. A mother-in-law or your acquaintance’s mother. Used by:
female/male. Also 엄마 (eomma) A casual way to say “mother”.

아버님 (abunim) Is an honorific form of 아버지 (abeoji) “father”. A father-in-law or

your acquaintance’s father. Used by: female/male. Also 아빠 (appa) A casual way to
say “father”: 좋은 말씀 감사합니다! (Joeun malsseum gamsahamnida) “Thanks for
your kind words!”
아주머니 (ajumoni) “middle-aged woman; madam” A woman in her forties to sixties

Used by: female/male. Also 아 줌 마 (ajumma) A casual way to say 아 주 머 니

(ajumoni). Although 아줌마 is commonly used in daily life (compare to 아주머니) ,
it may offend some women. Therefore, if you’re not sure how to draw the attention of
a middle-aged woman, just attract her attention by saying 죄 송 한 데 요 …
(Joesonghandeyo) “Excuse me.”
아저씨 (ajusshi) “middle-aged man; mister” A man in his forties to sixties.

Used by: female/male: 아저씨, 이거 얼마예요? (Ajeossi, igeo eolmayeyo?) “How

much is this?”
할아버지 (halabuji) “grandfather” An old man over seventy years old

Used by: female/male: 할아버지 편찮으세요? (Harabeoji pyeonchaneuseyo?) “Are

you feeling okay, grandfather?”
할머니 (halmeoni) “grandmother” An old woman over seventy years old. Used by:
female/male: 할 머 니 , 새 해 복 많 이 받 으 세 요 ! (Halmeoni, saehae bok mani
badeuseyo!) “Happy New Year, grandmother!”
아가씨 (agassi) “young lady; miss”. A young lady who isn’t married yet.

Used by: older people: 아 가 씨 , 혈 액 형 이 뭐 예 요 ? (Agassi, hyeoraekyeongi

mwoyeyo?) “What is your blood type?”
이 모 님 (imonim) “my aged aunt”. A woman in her fifties to sixties. Used for:
Restaurants in the casual atmosphere. Used by: female/male: (at a restaurant)
이모(님)! 여기 소주 한 병 주세요! Imo(nim)! Yeogi soju han byeong juseyo
“Imo(nim)! Please give me a bottle of Soju!”.

CHAPTER II
ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY
 2.1 Television in South Korea
Korean Broadcasting System/KBS
Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) ( 한국 방송 공사 ; Han-guk Bangsong Gongsa;
MR: Han'guk Pangsong Kongsa) is the national public broadcaster of South Korea. It
was founded in 1927, and operates radio, television, and online services, being one of
the biggest South Korean television networks. KBS is a public corporation ( 공 사 )
funded by the South Korean government and license fees, but is managed
independently. As part of the Constitution, the president of KBS is chosen by the
President of South Korea, after being recommended by its board of directors.
Political parties in South Korea also have the right to name members of the KBS
board of directors. Because of this system, which gives politicians effective control
over choosing the president of KBS, as well as its board of directors, people who are
critical of the system cite political intervention in KBS's governance as reason for
revising the current system of recruiting. Around 37.8% of KBS' revenue comes from
a mandatory television licence fee of 2,200 won, with another 47.6% coming from
commercial advertisement sales. KBS' international output such as KBS World, as
well as specialised services such as KBS Radio 3 for the disabled, receive public
funding from the South Korean government.
MNET
Mnet (acronym of Music Network) is a South Korean pay television music channel
owned by CJ E&M, a division of CJ ENM, part of CJ Group. The CJ E&M Center
Studio located in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul is the broadcast and recording
centre of many Mnet programs with a studio audience, namely the live weekly music
show M Countdown.[1] It is also the venue for live performances in survival shows
such as Show Me The Money, Unpretty Rapstar, Produce 101 (seasons one and two),
Idol School, Produce 48, and Produce X 101. The global website named for Mnet
Global changed to MWave in April 2013. Other sites from Mnet are not affected with
the change. On February 5, it was revealed that CJ ENM had begun restructuring
Mnet's "We Are K-Pop" slogan and brand after the controversy behind "Produce 101"
damaged the network's image.
Seoul Broadcasting System/SBS
Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) ( 에 스 비 에 스 ) is a national South Korean
television and radio network company. In March 2000, the company legally became
known as SBS, changing its corporate name from Seoul Broadcasting System ( 서울
방송). It has provided terrestrial digital TV service in the ATSC format since 2001,
and T-DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) service since 2005. Its flagship
terrestrial television station is Channel 6 for Digital and Cable. SBS dramas have
been part of the "Korean Wave", exported to many countries across the world.
Sandglass has one of the highest viewership ratings in South Korea, and is considered
the breakout drama for the network. Other dramas that have enjoyed high viewership
include Lovers in Paris, Trap of Youth, Brilliant Legacy, Rustic Period, Temptation
of Wife, The Heirs, and My Love from the Star. SBS airs a variety of entertainment
programs ranging from informational, comedy, music, reality, talk shows, and
auditions. Many programs are popular throughout Asia, including X-Man, Family
Outing, Running Man, The Music Trend, and many more. SBS documentaries
encompass a wide range of issues, from foreign affairs to the environment. The Its
Know premiered in 1992, and has since earned notoriety for its investigations from a
journalistic standpoint. SBS also broke tradition by creating its flagship newscast
SBS 8 News, airing at 20:00 instead of 21:00, giving itself the slogan "News an hour
earlier". It also produces news-analysis programs such as Morning Wide, Nightline,
SBS Current Affairs Debate, Curious Stories Y, and in Depth 21 covering the
political, economic, social and cultural issues of the days.
Shows:
Produce 48
Produce 48 (프로듀스 48) was a 2018 reality competition show on Mnet. It was a
large-scale project in which the public "produces" a girl group by voting for members
out of a pool of 96 contestants from South Korea and Japan, as well as voting for the
group's concept, name and debut single. The show was a collaboration between the
Mnet series Produce 101 and the J-pop idol group AKB48. The winning 12
contestants, with no nationality caps, as voted only by Korean viewers, would
promote as a group for two and a half years.The program itself is primarily in
Korean, however staff and trainer instructions are translated onsite by interpreters.
The show announced the final 12 members who made it into, as well as the official
name of the group Iz*One during the finale on August 31, 2018.

Produce X 101
Produce X 101 (프로듀스 X 101) is a 2019 South Korean boy group survival reality
show on Mnet and the fourth season of the Produce 101 franchise. The public,
referred to as "national producers", "produces" a boy band by choosing 11 members
among the 101 trainees from 47 different entertainment companies and independent
trainees through online voting and live voting with multiple elimination rounds. The
public will also choose the group's concept, debut song, and group name. The show
aired from May 3 to July 19, 2019. The group from this show is named X1.

Running Man (런닝맨)

It is a South Korean variety show, forming part of SBS's Good Sunday lineup. It first
aired on July 11, 2010. Running Man was classified as an "urban action variety"; a
genre of variety shows in an urban environment. The MCs and guests were to
complete missions at a landmark to win the race. The show has since shifted to a
more familiar reality-variety show concept focused on games. It has garnered
attention as being the comeback program for Yoo Jae-suk, the main MC of the
program, after leaving Good Sunday's Family Outing in February 2010. The show
has become popular in other parts of Asia, and has gained online popularity among
Hallyu fans, having been fansubbed into various languages, such as English, Persian,
Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Thai, Vietnamese, Chinese, Malay, Indonesian,
Burmese, Arabic, Russian, and Turkish. The show has made it to the list of Business
Insider's 20 TV Shows of 2016. Since April 2017, Running Man is airing as the first
part of Good Sunday at 4:50 pm KST and competing against KBS2's The Return of
Superman and MBC's King of Mask Singer. Running Man previously aired at 6:25
pm KST on Sundays, as the second part of Good Sunday, competing against KBS2's
1 Night 2 Days.
Ceremonies:
Asia Artist Awards (AAA)
This is an awards ceremony organized by South Korea-based business newspaper
Money Today and its global media brands Star News and MTN. It honors
outstanding achievements and international contributions of Asian artists in
television, film and music. The inaugural ceremony was held on November 16, 2016
at Kyung Hee University's Hall of Peace in Seoul, and was broadcast live via satellite
across Asia.

The KBS Drama Awards ( KBS 연기대상)

This is an awards ceremony presented by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) for
outstanding achievements in Korean dramas aired on its network. It is held annually
on 31 December. The highest honor of the ceremony is the "Grand Prize" ( 대 상 ),
awarded to the best actor or actress of the year.
2.2 Cinematography
South Korean film directors:
Kim Dong-won
is a South Korean documentary filmmaker. Kim is best known for his documentary
films Repatriation (2004) and 63 Years On (2008). His acclaimed documentary
Repatriation (2004) documents the lives of North Korean spies who were captured in
the South Korea and takes a look at their journey back to their homeland after being
detained in the South's prisons for over 30 years. A labour of love that took him more
than a decade to finish, it has been hailed as the most successful documentary ever in
South Korea. It was presented with the Freedom of Expression Award at the 2004
Sundance Film Festival, the first time a Korean film has ever been presented with an
award at the prestigious U.S. festival. It also won Special Mention at the 24th Korean
Association of Film Critics Awards and Special Jury Prize at the 5th Busan Film
Critics Awards in 2004, as well as Best Documentary Award at the 19th Fribourg
International Film Festival in 2005. His latest documentary 63 Years On is about the
comfort women enslaved by the Japanese military in stations across Asia during
World War II. The film provides a historical investigation along with interviews with
victims still living in Korea, China, and the Philippines. It won Best Documentary
Feature Film at the 2nd Asia Pacific Screen Awards in 2008.
Park Chan-wook (박찬욱)
is a South Korean film director, screenwriter, producer, and former film critic. One
of the most acclaimed and popular filmmakers in his native country, Park is best
known for his films Joint Security Area (2000), Thirst (2009), The Handmaiden
(2016) and what has become known as The Vengeance Trilogy, consisting of
Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), Oldboy (2003) and Lady Vengeance (2005).
He is also known for his English-language works Stoker (2013) and The Little
Drummer Girl (2018), a television miniseries based on the novel of the same name by
John le Carré. His films have gained notoriety for their immaculate framing, black
humor and often brutal subject matters.
Hong Sang Soo (홍상수)
is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. Hong made his directorial debut at
age 35 with The Day a Pig Fell into the Well in 1996. Hong's Woman is the Future of
Man (2004) was his first film to screen in competition at the Cannes Film Festival.
Hong's films have also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival, the Venice
Film Festival, and the Locarno Film Festival. Hong has received the Prix Un Certain
Regard at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival for Hahaha, the Silver Leopard Award for
Best Director at the 2013 Locarno International Film Festival for Our Sunhi, and the
Golden Leopard at the 2015 Locarno International Film Festival for Right Now,
Wrong Then.
Korean dramas (한국드라마)

More popularly known as K-dramas, are television series ( 드 라 마 ) in the Korean

language, made in South Korea. Korean dramas are popular worldwide, partially due
to the spread of Korean popular culture (the "Korean Wave"), and their widespread
availability via streaming services which often offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Many K-dramas have been adapted throughout the world, and some have had great
impact on other countries. Some of the most famous dramas have been broadcast via
traditional television channels. For example, Dae Jang Geum (2003) was sold to 91
countries. South Korea started to broadcast television series in the 1960s. In the
1990s, traditional historical series transformed into the present miniseries format,
creating the notion of fusion sageuks. A single director usually leads Korean dramas,
which are often written by a single screenwriter. This often leads to each drama
having distinct directing and dialogue styles. This differs from American television
series, which can rely on multiple directors and writers working together.Series set in
contemporary times typically run for a single season and usually contain 12 to 24
episodes of 60 minutes each. Historical series may be longer, with up to 200
episodes, but they also generally run for only one season. The broadcast time for
dramas is 22:00 to 23:00, with episodes airing on two consecutive nights: Mondays
and Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, or weekends. Dramas appear on each of
the nationwide networks: Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS), Korean Broadcasting
System (KBS), Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) and on the cable channels,
including Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company (jTBC), Channel A, tvN, and
Orion Cinema Network (OCN). The 19:00 to 20:00 evening time slot is usually
reserved for daily dramas, which run every night from Monday through Friday.
Dramas in these slots are in the telenovela format, rarely running over 200 episodes.
Unlike American soap operas, these daily dramas are do notrun during the day-time.
Instead, the daytime schedule often includes reruns of the flagship dramas. The
nighttime dailies can achieve very high ratings. For example, the evening series
Temptation of Wife peaked at 40.6%, according to TNS Korea. Korean dramas are
usually shot within a very tight schedule, sometimes finishing just a few hours before
actual broadcast. Screenplays are flexible and may change anytime during
production, depending on viewers' feedback, which can be difficult for production
teams.

2.3 K-POP
K-pop (케이팝) is a genre of popular music originating in South Korea. While the
modern form of K-pop can be traced back to the early 90s, the term itself has been
popularized since the 2000s, replacing the term Gayo ( 가 요 ), which also refers to
domestic pop music in South Korea. Although it generally indicates "popular music"
within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern
form of South Korean pop that is influenced by styles and genres from around the
world, such as experimental, rock, jazz, gospel, hip hop, R&B, reggae, electronic
dance, folk, country, and classical on top of its traditional Korean music roots. The
more modern form of the genre emerged with the formation of one of the earliest K-
pop groups, Seo Taiji and Boys, in 1992. Their experimentation with different styles
and genres of music and integration of foreign musical elements helped reshape and
modernize South Korea's contemporary music scene. Modern K-pop "idol" culture
began with the boy band H.O.T. in 1996, as K-pop grew into a subculture that
amassed enormous fandoms of teenagers and young adults. After a slump in early K-
pop, from 2003 TVXQ and BoA started a new generation of K-pop idols that broke
the music genre into the neighboring Japanese market and continue to popularize K-
pop internationally today. With the advent of online social networking services and
Korean TV shows, the current spread of K-pop and Korean entertainment, known as
the Korean Wave, is seen not only in East Asia and Southeast Asia, but also in
Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Latin America, North Africa, Southern Africa, the
Middle East and throughout the Western world, gaining a widespread global
audience.
Audiovisual content:
Although K-pop generally refers to South Korean pop music, some consider it to be
an all-encompassing genre exhibiting a wide spectrum of musical and visual
elements. The French Institut national de l'audiovisuel defines K-pop as a "fusion of
synthesized music, sharp dance routines and fashionable, colorful outfits". Songs
typically consist of one or a mixture of pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, and electronic
music genres.
Systematic training of artists:
Management agencies in South Korea offer binding contracts to potential artists,
sometimes at a young age. Trainees live together in a regulated environment and
spend many hours a day learning music, dance, foreign languages, and other skills in
preparation for their debut. This "robotic" system of training is often criticized by
Western media outlets. In 2012, The Wall Street Journal reported that the cost of
training one Korean idol under SM Entertainment averaged US$3 million.
Marketing:
Many agencies have presented new idol groups to an audience through a "debut
showcase", which consists of online marketing and television broadcast promotions
as opposed to radio. Groups are given a name and a "concept", along with a
marketing hook. These concepts are the type of visual and musical theme that idol
groups utilize during their debut or comeback. Concepts can change between debuts
and fans often distinguish between boy group concepts and girl group concepts.
Concepts can also be divided between general concepts and theme concepts, such as
cute or fantasy. New idol groups will often debut with a concept well known to the
market to secure a successful first debut. Sometimes sub-units or sub-groups are
formed among existing members. Two example subgroups are Super Junior-K.R.Y.,
which consists of Super Junior members Kyuhyun, Ryeowook, and Yesung, and
Super Junior-M, which became one of the best-selling K-pop subgroups in China.
Online marketing includes music videos posted to YouTube in order to reach a
worldwide audience. Prior to the actual video, the group releases teaser photos and
trailers. Promotional cycles of subsequent singles are called comebacks even when
the musician or group in question did not go on hiatus.
Choreography:
Dance is an integral part of K-pop. When combining multiple singers, the singers
often switch their positions while singing and dancing by making prompt movements
in synchrony, a strategy called "formation changing" ( 자 리 바 꿈 ). The K-pop
choreography ( 안 무 ) often includes the so-called "point dance" ( 포 인 트 안 무 ),
referring to a dance made up of hooking and repetitive movements within the
choreography that matches the characteristics of the lyrics of the song. Super Junior's
"Sorry Sorry" and Brown Eyed Girls' "Abracadabra" are examples of songs with
notable "point" choreography. To choreograph a dance for a song requires the writers
to take the tempo into account. According to Ellen Kim, a Los Angeles dancer and
choreographer, a fan's ability to do the same steps must also be considered:
Consequently, K-pop choreographers have to simplify movements. Seven young men
performing synchronised dance moves, wearing casual clothing. Some of them have
dyed hair. 24K performing choreography in a practice studio. The training and
preparation necessary for K-pop idols to succeed in the industry and dance
successfully is intense. Training centers like Seoul's Def Dance Skool develop the
dance skills of youth in order to give them a shot at becoming an idol. Physical
training is one of the largest focuses at the school, as much of a student's schedule is
based around dance and exercise. The entertainment labels are highly selective, so
few make it to fame. Students at the school must dedicate their lives to the mastery of
dance in order to prepare for the vigorous routines performed by K-pop groups. This,
of course, means that the training must continue if they are signed. Companies house
much larger training centers for those who are chosen. An interview with K-pop
choreographer Rino Nakasone lends insight into the process of creating routines.
According to Nakasone, her focus is to make dance routines that are flattering for the
dancers but also complementary to the music. Her ideas are submitted to the
entertainment company as video recordings done by professional dancers. Nakasone
mentions that the company and the K-pop artists themselves have input on a song's
choreography. Choreographer May J. Lee gives another perspective, telling that her
choreography often starts out as expressing the feeling or the meaning of the lyrics.
What starts out as small movements, turns into a full dance that is better able to
portray the message of the song. The South Korean government has acknowledged
benefits to the country's export sector as a result of the Korean Wave (it was
estimated in 2011 that a US$100 increase in the export of cultural products resulted
in a US$412 increase in exports of other consumer goods including food, clothes,
cosmetics and IT products) and thus have subsidised certain endeavours. Government
initiatives to expand the popularity of K-pop are mostly undertaken by the Ministry
of Culture, Sports and Tourism, which is responsible for the worldwide establishment
of Korean Cultural Centers. South Korean embassies and consulates have also
organized K-pop concerts outside the country, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
regularly invites overseas K-pop fans to attend the annual K-Pop World Festival in
South Korea. In addition to reaping economic benefits from the popularity of K-pop,
the South Korean government has been taking advantage of the influence of K-pop in
diplomacy. In an age of mass communication, soft power (pursuing one's goals by
persuading stakeholders using cultural and ideological power) is regarded as a more
effective and pragmatic diplomatic tactic than the traditional diplomatic strategy hard
power (obtaining what one wants from stakeholders through direct intimidation such
as military threat and economic sanctions). Cultural diplomacy through K-pop is a
form of soft power. An example of the South Korean government effort in diplomacy
through K-pop is the Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA), a K-pop music award
ceremony. Park Geun-hye (the Korean president at the time) delivered the opening
statement at the 2014 MAMA, which was held in Hong Kong and sponsored by the
Korean Small and Medium Business Administration (SMBA). This event was
considered a deliberate endeavor by the Korean government to support Korean
cultural industries in order to strengthen the nation's international reputation and
political influence. Another example of cultural diplomacy is K-pop performances in
North Korea. Prior to 2005, South Korean pop singers occasionally gave
performances in North Korea. After an interval of more than a decade, approximately
190 South Korean performers, including well-known musicians Red Velvet, Lee Sun-
hee, Cho Yong-pil, and Yoon Do-hyun, performed in Pyongyang, North Korea, on
March 31 and April 3, 2018. Kim Jong-un was present in the audience. Since the
mid-2000s, a huge portion of the East Asian music market has been dominated by K-
pop. In 2008, South Korea's cultural exports (including television dramas and
computer games) rose to US$2 billion, maintaining an annual growth rate of over
10%. That year, Japan accounted for almost 68% of all K-pop export revenues, ahead
of China (11.2%) and the United States (2.1%). The sale of concert tickets proved to
be a lucrative business; TVXQ's Tohoshinki Live Tour in Japan sold over 850,000
tickets at an average cost of US$109 each, generating a total of US$92.6 million in
revenues. Elsewhere in the world, the genre has rapidly grown in success, especially
after Psy's "Gangnam Style" music video was the first YouTube video to reach one
billion views, achieving widespread coverage in mainstream media. As of April
2019, the video has 3.3 billion views. Several failed attempts have been made by
entertainment companies to break into the English-language market, including BoA,
Wonder Girls, Girls' Generation, and CL. BTS won Top Social Artist at the 2017
Billboard Music Awards in 2017, making them the first K-pop group to win a
BBMA. Their performance of the song "DNA" at the American Music Awards, the
first AMA performance by a K-pop group, also led to the song peaking at number 67
on the Billboard Hot 100. The following year, BTS became the first K-pop group to
reach number 1 on the Billboard 200 with Love Yourself: Tear. Map of the Soul:
Persona later became the best-selling album ever in South Korea, with more than 3.2
million sales in less than a month. On May 15, 2019, BTS also kicked off Good
Morning America's 'Summer Concert Series' on the same day as headliners at Central
Park in Manhattan. On the night of December 31st 2019, BTS ushered in the
upcoming year 2020 with a performance at the New Year's Eve celebration in Times
Square, in front of one million spectators and a television audience of over one billion
people. BTS is one of the most popular, probably even the most popular k-pop band.
BTS (방탄소년단)
The most popular band of South Korea. Also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-
member South Korean boy band formed in Seoul in 2010. The septet co-writes and
produces much of their output. Originally a hip hop group, their musical style has
evolved to include a wide range of genres. Their lyrics, often focused on personal and
social commentary, touch on the themes of mental health, troubles of school-age
youth, loss, the journey towards loving oneself, and individualism. Their work
features references to literature and psychological concepts and includes an
alternative universe storyline. The group have staged several world tours. The group
has won Top Social Artist three years in a row and Top Duo/Group at the 26th
Billboard Music Awards. Featured on Time's international cover as "Next Generation
Leaders", BTS has appeared in the magazine's 25 most influential people on the
internet (2017–2019) and Time's 100 most influential people in the world (2019),
with the outlet giving them the nickname "Princes of Pop". Forbes Korea named BTS
the most influential celebrities of Korea in 2018, and BTS ranked 43rd in the Forbes
Celebrity 100 (2019) as one of the world's top-earning celebrities. BTS are ranked #4
of Billboard's Top Social Artist of the 2010s, and are the highest group on the list.
During their Love Yourself World Tour, BTS became the first Asian and first non-
English speaking act to headline and sell out Wembley Stadium; and broke the record
for the single highest-grossing engagement in Rose Bowl Stadium history. Billboard
ranked BTS at #45 on their Top Touring Artists of the 2010s list, being the highest-
ranked Asian as well as the only non-English speaking act on the list. As of 2019,
BTS are purportedly worth more than $4.65 billion to South Korea's economy each
year, or 0.3 percent of the country's GDP. BTS attracted one in every 13 foreign
tourists that visited South Korea and were cited as one of the key acts boosting global
music sales to $19 billion in 2018. Following the establishment of their Love Myself
anti-violence campaign in partnership with UNICEF, BTS addressed the United
Nations 73rd General Assembly and became the youngest ever recipients of the
Order of Cultural Merit from the President of South Korea due to their contributions
in spreading Korean culture and language.
BTS' lyrics include social commentary, often incorporating criticism of South Korean
society. Songs such as "No More Dream" and "N.O" from their "school trilogy" were
motivated by their experiences with South Korea's emphasis on education and called
for change to the education system and societal expectations. Their experiences with
youth culture in South Korea inspired songs like "Dope" and "Silver Spoon" (뱁새)
from their "youth series," referencing generational disparity and the millennial's
giving up of romantic relationships, marriage, children, proper employment, homes,
and social life in the face of economic difficulties and societal ills while facing
condemnation from the media and older generations. The song "Am I Wrong" from
Wings (2016) questioned societal apathy towards the state of current events—the
lyric "We're all dogs and pigs / we become dogs because we're angry" referenced the
South Korean Ministry of Education official Na Hyang-wook who was a proponent
of the caste system and described the average person as "dogs and pigs," and BTS
performed the song on television during the 2016 South Korean political scandal that
led to the impeachment of ex-President Park Geun-hye. RM and Suga's personal
struggles with mental health inspired songs like "Tomorrow", "Intro: The Most
Beautiful Moment in Life", "So Far Away", "The Last", and "Forever Rain. "Not
Today" from You Never Walk Alone (2017) is an anti-establishment anthem, with
messages advocating for minority groups, while "Spring Day" was created to
memorialize the victims of the Sewol Ferry tragedy. BTS' albums have recurring
themes that fall under the overarching theme of "reflection of youth." Their "school
trilogy" explored "the troubles and anxieties of school-age youth."Their "youth
series" "tackled a subject that the vast majority of youth experience, but few pop
musicians articulate well: mental health and the desire to belong in society." Wings
(2016) focused on temptation and sin. The "Love Yourself" series utilized a narrative
form to illustrate the excitement of love, the pains of farewell, and the enlightenment
of self-love. Since their inception, BTS have held the belief that telling their story is
the only way for the younger generation to relate to their music. Writing over 90
percent of their lyrics, BTS try to include experiences everyone has felt in life, such
as sadness and loneliness, and turn them to something more light and manageable. In
regards to their lyricism, RM states he tries to not sound as if they're preaching or
reprimanding people in their songs as everyone has different lives and different
destinies. When asked if it is difficult to write about things like mental health, Suga
responded, "We feel that people who have the platform to talk about those things
really should talk more, because they say depression is something where you go to
the hospital and you’re diagnosed, but you can’t really know until the doctor talks to
you. More and more, I think artists or celebrities who have a voice should talk about
these problems and bring it up to the surface. BTS has been praised for "speak[ing]
honestly about topics they deem important, even in a conservative society" by Jeff
Benjamin in Fuse magazine. South Korean president Moon Jae-in, in a letter to BTS,
recognized their sincerity and inclusion of diversity as key to their success, writing,
"Each of the seven members sings in a way that is true to himself and the life he
wants to live. Their melody and lyrics transcend regional borders, language, culture,
and institutions."

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, global popularity of South Korean culture increases. First driven by
the spread of K-dramas and K-pop across East, South, and Southeast Asia during its
initial stages, the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global
phenomenon, carried by the Internet and social media and the proliferation of K-pop
music videos on YouTube. South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular
culture and tourism, aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning
economy. The growing popularity of Korean pop culture in the world was at least
partly driven by the South Korean government supporting its creative industries
through subsidies and funding for start-ups, as a form of soft power and in its aim of
becoming one of the world's leading exporters of culture along with Japanese and
British culture, a niche that the United States has dominated for nearly a century. In
2014, the South Korean government allocated 1% of its annual budget to cultural
industries and it had raised a $1 billion fund to nurture popular culture. During this
time, (clarification needed) Korean society began to be recognized as developed on
par with the Western world. The success of the Korean Wave is, in part, due to the
development of social networking services and online video sharing platforms; which
have allowed the Korean Entertainment Industry to reach a sizable overseas audience.
Through the use of social media in facilitating promotion, distribution, and
consumption of various forms of Korean Entertainment—specifically K-Pop—that
has contributed to the surge in worldwide popularity since the mid-2000s. The
Korean Wave has become an influential global phenomenon since the start of the 21st
century, heavily impacting the contemporary cultures, music industry, film industry,
television industry, and behavioral aspects of various people throughout the world.

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3. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A
%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F:
%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE
%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9F
%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_
%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%97
4. https://www.koreanclass101.com/blog/2019/01/03/korean-honorific-titles/
5. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A
%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F:
%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB
%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_
%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE
%D1%97_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%97
6. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE
%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_
%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0
7. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_
%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE
%D1%97_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%97
8. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop
9. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTS