THE LOWER QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND ABROAD AND

PPKN SUBJECTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Zhidan Yanuar P
alamat.email@zhidanyanuar@gmail.com
PGSD, FKIP, UN PGRI Kediri1 Mojoroto District, KediriRegency 2
Basic Education, Postgraduate, UN PGRI Kediri3

ABSTRACT
This study aims to cultivate character values and describe the cultivation of character
values in learning Pancasila and citizenship education. This study uses a content
analysis method with a qualitative approach with research data sources originating
from textbooks on Pancasila education and elementary citizenship, a number of journal
articles and research essays with the theme according to the keywords that the
researcher chooses. Data collection is carried out by careful analysis and checking the
validity and credibility to adjust the validity of the data.

INTRODUCTION
Education is very important for the people or residents of Indonesia not only in Indonesia but
abroad also in terms of education and the quality of education because it can affect the
mindset of the community and the intelligence or intelligence of the people in facing
challenges or obstacles in the global world or this more advanced globalization with more
advanced technology. and what is this all-round, to be able to compete more advanced,
education with good quality is prioritized, in Indonesia education continues to be developed
so that every era the education system has changes there are some that are revised to be even
better and more advanced so as not to compete with foreign people because the times are
getting more advanced and changing.
Today education is considered important for the life of a nation because education is
considered the most strategic means to improve the quality of a nation. With education, the
nation can prepare qualified and high-potential people to improve the image of a nation.
Because the progress of a nation can be judged from its education which is a benchmark.
Without education, a country will lag far behind other countries so that it still remains silent
at the stage of developing countries.
Education is an action to obtain knowledge or transfer knowledge from one person to another
so that people who transfer knowledge give their knowledge to others who transfer
knowledge so that there is a division of material or new knowledge or insight to that person,
so that causes the person to be educated, there is formal education there is informal education
whatever the form of education is very important and good, Formal education for example
from teacher to student in school so that students get a diploma or proof that he has been
educated at the school while informal education is for example from parents to children so
that they do not get such as diplomas or proof of education, in essence every education is
both informal and formal with good intentions, for example informal education that children
are told by students what is prohibited and allowed to be done for example norms norms of
politeness and behavior then things It will bring good changes to the child's behavior that is
obtained later and changes for the better.
But lately the quality of education in Indonesia is considered very concerning, Indonesian
education is unable to compete with foreign education, until now it is still so, this is
evidenced among others by data from UNESCO (2000) regarding the ranking of the Human
Development index (Human Development index) which is about the composition of the
ranking of educational achievement , health, and other things that in this case show that the
index of Indonesian community development is declining from year to year. Among the 174
countries in the world on this earth, Indonesia ranked 102nd in 1996, 99th in 1997, 105th in
1998, and 109th in 1999. Meanwhile, according to the Political and Economic Risk
Consultant (PERC) survey, the quality of education in Indonesia is still below the same
Vietnam as Southeast Asia which is ranked 12th out of 12 Asian countries or the term is the
last (Sujarwo, 2013) quoted from several article sources.
As for the quality of teachers, the quality or criteria are at the level of 14 out of 14
developing countries. Now that means Indonesia compared to foreign countries such as
Finland is very different from the quality of education, Finland is assessed based on the
ranking that the country is ranked first or ranked first with the best quality of the education
system in the world, that means abroad the education system is very advanced plus or
supported by the quality of good human resources, maybe the education system is what
causes the quality The human resources become good or it could be that the quality of
human resources is good from the beginning so that it is easy to work together so that their
education becomes advanced again, while for Indonesia today the society is different from
abroad the competitiveness is different from foreign people which causes Indonesia to be
unable to compete with foreign education, the difference alone can be seen from the reading
interest of Indonesian children's literacy children who are different from outsiders Foreign
countries have a lot of interest in reading compared to Indonesia, it is evidence of the decline
of education in Indonesia
According to the results of a reading ability study for the elementary school (SD) level
conducted by the International Educational Achievement (IEA) organization which indicates
that elementary school students in Indonesia are still ranked 38th out of 39 participating
countries. As for Junior High School (SMP), studies for students' abilities in mathematics
fields or subjects in Indonesia are ranked 39th out of 42 countries, while for Natural Sciences
(IPA) abilities are only ranked 40th out of 42 participating countries. (Sri Wuryastuti, 2008)
quoted from www.diknas.net.
At this time, anew curriculum was developed, namely the 2013 curriculum where this
curriculum is emphasized with each subject given a scientific approach, this causes students
to be told to think more critically, analysis with an open mind to face problems that exist in
our daily lives with this scientific approach and science review, so it is hoped that with such
things children will be more advanced, the way of thinking is not only rote but able to
analyze or change something into something else that is more interesting or can create
something new such as new technology so that the technology can be developed or can be
distributed to other countries so that the child can be known or his country is also known and
get good ratings from other countries.
We see examples of other countries that have created new technological technology, they
have competed even more advanced to advance their country, they created cellphones, laptop
computers, vehicles, motorcycles, etc. they also earn income from it, all thanks to their
learning and perseverance or tenacity not lazy because they try with real determination so that
they become successful people, other countries have created new technologies, for example,
Indonesian robots are still not, so Indonesia must have the ambition or desire to compete
more advanced than other countries, all will be realized if Indonesian education becomes
better and advanced like foreign countries
Of course, the role of teachers is also very important, it is also necessary to pay attention to
the quality of teachers in Indonesia, not only students who must be smart, teachers must also
be smarter in responding to this, if only the students are smart, the teacher does not play any
role, the teacher only guides, if the teacher is smart but the students are not reviewed with
good insight or knowledge, it will also be difficult.
For example, the teacher has explained in great detail and breadth but his students do not
understand what the teacher teaches or cannot digest the lesson it will be very difficult
anymore because it is useless for the teacher to explain at length but his students do not grasp
once what the teacher's words or explanations are, the role of the teacher is very important in
educating his students to change thinking patterns and fix thinking patterns that are not good
or appropriate, The teacher not only teaches about academic matters but the teacher also
explains such as appropriate behavior and ethics in Indonesia how to have good ethics in
Indonesia and good manners in Indonesia, in contrast to foreign countries abroad, maybe the
other teaching is adjusted to the curriculum there is certainly different from the curriculum in
Indonesia.
In my own opinion, Indonesia's education will be more advanced if it is emphasized with
creativity or creativity and also high imagination from its students so that with that
imagination we can make create, innovate something new, cause them to think openly or
dynamically, not only can enjoy technology and operate it, but create something new,
innovation, new innovation, means that with imagination we have The ability to describe
well with creative imagination will go hand in hand.
The ability of intelligence also increases because with imagination we will be able
tounderstand things better, easily analyze and solve problems, maybe with imagination we
will be able to find new knowledge or insights and the discovery of new discoveries of new
theoretical theories, because previous people found something they designed theories based
on imagination and thought and investigated them directly, For example, meeting the plane
initially thought that how humans could fly like birds that fly, finally they tried to assemble
the shape of a small plane resembling a bird and tried to fly like a flying bird, initially they
were laughed at by people at that time because they were considered strange and absurd, even
though they failed, but they still persisted and tried to realize their dreams or wishful thinking
and tried to make people laugh at them Speechless, many such scientists were initially
laughed at or belittled but in the end they became great scientists who changed the world.
This is based on a German physicist and philosopher of science, Albert Einstein, who said
that "imagination is more important than science. Quoted from Einstein's words, Einstein
also said "logic will take you from A to B while imagination will take you everywhere" from
Albert Einstein's meaning I concluded that Albert Einstein wanted to explain that
imagination is very important and more important than science because imagination is real
knowledge because with imagination we find Science is new, because perhaps many of our
insights are derived from the imagination that supports us
In another quote from Einstein that Einstein mentioned also that "education is not to learn
facts,facts, but to train the brain to think" if this I catch him that Einstein speaks of the
knowledge we learn today is not facts because so far what we learn is science from people
who may in the future their knowledge will be new again because new theories and
discoveries are found, For example, people in the past learned that once the earth was flat
because its insight was limited to that.
Because they see it flat so they conclude that the earth is flat, whereas people today say the
earth is round because there have been new research studies and that people think other
planets are round how could the earth be flat on its own, and many telescopes have shown
that other objects are round, with the advancement of technology they have calculated that
the earth is round, There is a law of gravity that causes the earth to be spherical, so many
scientists have emerged who give their theories and explanations about new science that
break the previous theories as well as in the future everything will change that the knowledge
learned today may not be facts,
For Einstein's statement that logic will take and A to B while imaginationtakes you anywhere,
it is me that Einstein meant that imagination is very broad, encompassing everything can fly
to everything, reaching everything, while logic is finite and thinking linearly that from A to B
and does not reach everything but only limited to what is learned and accepted by common
sense.
So here we know that imagination is very important to change a developed country for
example countries on the European continent America, one of which is Finland they prioritize
the creativity of their students they are taught creative and forward-thinking they also don't
have too much homework they study at school guided by their teachers, with more rest time,
they are told to choose one of the lessons they like and they focus on The lesson so that what
they learn can be optimal, and maybe in Indonesia this is because the teacher is worried that
his students do not understand the lesson so that the teacher gives homework to his students
so that they learn and do directly about certain subjects that have been given by the teacher,
for other countries homework is considered to burden his students so that they study
monitored directly by the teacher without having to do a lot or excess homework that
burdening students, of course, the education system outside and Indonesia is different, they
have their own system that is considered appropriate for good students for their students
Usually if the education system is not appropriate they will change the education system and
advance the education system from before, apart from the education system it should also be
seen that the child's way of learning what if the child learns is not right or not appropriate it
will make it difficult for the child to understand the subject matter taught, by looking at this if
there are students whose system or way of learning is not appropriate they must change the
way they learn To be even better, of course, guided by the teacher how the teacher guides his
students in terms of learning, so the way of learning is in accordance with what the teacher
then gives an explanation of how the lesson system or learning method is suitable for his
students whether it can be visual, auditory, or it could be kinesthetic the type of child's
learning style is different so it must be adjusted to the child's learning style so that the way of
learning is appropriate, so that they are comfortable in learning and easily understand the
lesson
In Indonesia, there are many subjects that students need to understand, for example, these
five subjects are Indonesian, mathematics, science, social studies, and PPKn, these are the
main subjects learned by students at school, because they are considered very important so
they should not be let go, but many students have difficulties in certain subjects, usually
mathematics is something that students fear because they think more and maybe because of
the bad stigma of mathematics against students who are considered scary subjects, in this
case there are students who have difficulties in one subject, some are easy or fluent in other
subjects because the psychology of their children is different, and also the interests of their
children are different from one another, some really like science subjects, some really like
social studies subjects, some like Indonesian subjects, but all of that must be completed by
students, students must get good grades in all subjects, of course, above the KKM that has
been determined if not above the KKM usually the teacher gives remedial to his students then
students must get better grades than before he remidi so that if the score is high students are
considered capable or have completed in the material in understanding the material.
One of the causes of the low or decreased quality of education in Indonesia is the weakness
of teachers in exploring the potential of their students. In Indonesia, teachers only see their
students and know their students just like not, not as well as foreign teachers, abroad the
teachers are very familiar with their students, so they know the weaknesses and strengths of
their students, their students' interests in what fields and what they dislike or become their
weak points, what can cause the unearthing of potential, and others, Abroad, teachers are
closer to their students, so they are like their own friends who can be invited to tell stories
and pour out their hearts, express their desires and problems, then teachers solve the problems
of their students and are invited to solve problems together with their students.
Teachers often impose their desires on their intentions without ever knowing or paying
attention to the needs, talents and interests of their students. The weakness ofour teachers,
theynever try to explore the problems and potential possessed by their students. As a result,
students become less developed because teachers cannot know the student's potential and
explore it, so students seem to develop on their own without direction or may become worse
or less developed than students who have been given direction by teachers who understand
the direction and potential of their students.
The curriculum is based solely on the knowledge of many governments without regard to the
needs ofits people. Far from that, even worse, education cannot or is able to produce creative
graduates. Even though creative graduates are needed in the world of work because all jobs
require good or high creativity because to be able to complete the work, creativity is what
helps him quickly.
This should be a threat to the sustainability of our education, according to the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Survey, regarding the quality
of education in developing countries in Asia Pacific, Indonesia compared to foreign
countries such as Finland is very different The quality of education, the country of Finland is
judged based on the ranking that the country is ranked first or first rank with the quality of the
best education system in the world, it means that abroad the education system is very
advanced plus or supported by the quality of good human resources, (M Shiddiq Al-Jawi,
2006) in his article entitled education in Indonesia and its problems and solutions, reported
from certain sources
Education is the most powerful protection to protect yourself. Because with the demands of a
more advanced era, insight and knowledge must also be high in order to offset the effects of
the progress of the era, because education is a means by which we can learn and get a lot of
knowledge that is very useful, therefore we should easily or with real intentions in seeking
good and quality education or science we really absorb knowledge and seek information both
around us and far from us.
To improve the quality of education in Indonesia, it is necessary for educators to add
creativity in terms of teaching, it is also necessary to cultivate good character and foster
student enthusiasm for learning to help the crisis of education gaps and deterioration in the
quality of education that occurs in this country. Therefore, researchers think that the attitude
and character of the nation's children can be educated from an early age through character
education that must continue to be cultivated. One of the subjects that is considered very
relevant to be used as a reference as a means of character education for school children that
must begin to grow since elementary school is Pancasila and citizenship education.
The most important purpose of the subjects of elementary school or citizenship in elementary
school is to increase knowledge about awareness of something or in terms related to
statehood, what attitudes and behaviors are suitable for these students, namely behavior that
loves the land or loves the country high or great is also based on national or domestic
culture, Insight or understanding or understanding is also an understanding of the
archipelago, also a about resilience that is national or national in nature whose reach is
within the potential successors or fighters of the nation in the future who are understanding
or researching also understand Science and technology, language or literature and language
are also seni, namely fine arts
Reaching or creating so that the creation of citizens aware of martial arts is implemented in
everyday life based on insight into national politics, as well as the thickness of the
development of identity as well as the personality or character of the nation which is
reflected in the mistakes and morals of the nation within the country and in the life of the
nation. In addition, this also has the aim of strengthening the quality of Indonesian people
or in other terms or words are domestic human resources who have noble virtue and
character, have an independent nature but are not selfish, want to think forward and compete
with other countries, and Resilient to face trials, challenges, obstacles, and distractions that
exist, be professional or required to be an expert in something without the slightest mistake,
want to be responsible and productive or create something active and healthy physically and
spiritually. The function of citizenship education itself is a means of creating or forming
Indonesian people who are academically intelligent but on the other hand non-academic
must also be intelligent, also skilled in solving things and have a personality that is loyal to
the nation and the Indonesian state itself by means of reflected in him the habit of thinking
well and acting rationally in accordance with the mandate of Pancasila as the basis of the
state as well as the 1945 Constitution as a written law (Ministry of Education, 2001: 1)
quoted by MF Adnan in an article.
Civic education for the nation's next youth is veryimportant in order toraise or increase
awareness of defending the country as well as increase love for our homeland Indonesia.
Because it is the next generation who will be the leader of the nation's leaders inthe future. In
civic education, students arealways given something about things that can increase the sense
of nationalism in these students. It makes or forms an understanding and improvement of
attitudes and behaviors based on the values of Pancasila as well as the culture of the nation
in the country and is something that is highly prioritized or needed in civic education. As in
the main purpose of civic education, this all aims to foster insight and awareness of
statehood, attitudes and behaviors that love the homeland and are jointed with national
culture, archipelago insight, and national resilience in the next generation of the nation.
Through citizenship education, the next generation of young Indonesians are expected to be
able to understand, analyze and answer problems that exist in daily life, especially those
faced by the community, nation, and state and are sustainable and consistent with national
ideals and goals such as by what outlined in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution.
However, in reality Civics subjects have not been successful enough to carry out a role in
terms of educating children's character, Civics learning is only oriented to cognitive
achievement while achievement for attitudes tends to be ignored. Teachers explore students'
abilities more in terms of reasoning knowledge in PKN subjects compared to exporting
students' attitudes and characters. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to make
modifications in PKN learning, one of which is by integrating the concept of character
education in teaching and learning activities so that it can play a more role in developing
student character.

RESEARCH METHODS
In this study , researchers used the SLR method (System Litelatur Review). Researchers
review, identify,interpret and evaluate all research sought
Inthis study, data collection was carried out through indirect observation techniques by
collecting data and information presented in journals, articles, and websites that provide
information about the causes of education gaps between one region and another, civic
education, and how to grow the character of the nation's children.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Causes of education gap in Java with regions outside Java

According to my analysis in kompasiana.com there are several factors that cause

some gaps that education in Java is a more advanced education when compared to
other regions in Indonesia, namely:

1. The quality of professional and qualified educators

 It is stated that on the island of Java there are many educational institutions in
Java with qualified educators ranging from kindergarten, elementary, junior
high and high school teachers who have achieved S1, S2, and even S3 degrees.
So that students who are educated become more competent in terms of science
so that it is inversely proportional to education outside Java where in higher
education there are still lecturers with S1 degrees only so that students become
less qualified and that does have a big influence so that it becomes a very
competitive comparison material.

2. A different mindset and considered more open

This difference in mindset is due to the large number of highly educated
people in Java, thus affecting progress in various aspects of education itself.
The more highly insightful people there are, the easier it is to form a new
mindset that correlates to a significant positive impact without a clash of ideas
that have a bad impact. Because mindset can influence actions, actions affect
habits, habits become customs and traditions in a society or an institution,
educators outside Java must strive to create a renewable mindset.
3. Complete facilities and availablei
Judging from access to achieve adequate facilities for regions outside Java, it
is considered very difficult so that optimizing the quality of education also
cannot be maximized. As for the Java region itself, many schools are
technology-based, and of international standard so that the quality of
education in Java is very advanced, especially in the West Java area. Starting
from the infrastructure facilities in the school, vehicles, and paths to get to
school in the Java area, there is no doubt about the average.
4. Larger population than other islands
According to okezone, regarding the official news infographic circulating
from BPS with Number 07/01/th XXIV.January 21, 2021, the majority of
Indonesia's population is still on Java Island as much as 56.10 percent or
151.59 million people with an area of 7 percent of the entire territory of
Indonesia. This proves that the more the population, the more non-working
force or school force so that thus schools on the island of Java can develop in
terms of quantity and will continue to be graded in terms of quality.

This is what makes education in Indonesia unevenly distributed as a whole, there are
many social gaps between schools, between regions and even between islands. Vice
President Jusuf Kala (JK) also spoke up in terms of criticizing the quality and equity
of education in Indonesia which was assessed based on the results of the CPNS test,
(DIR, 2018). Education equality in Indonesia is considered poor because of the many
underdeveloped regions. Improvement and development must not only focus on
infrastructure but development in terms of education must be paid more attention to
and even put forward, namely by improving human resources so that they can become
more qualified and achieve.

B. Children's character development through Civics subjects and the values

contained therein
 After being examined, there are several characters that become a benchmark in
character development for the younger generation oriented towards civic education
related to Pancasila and the 1945 constitution. Some of these characters are:

1. Religiously, this is in accordance with the first precept in Pancasila which reads "the
divinity of the Almighty". An attitude that obeys the teachings of the religion he
adheres to, by not belittling, disturbing and distinguishing from other religions. With
this religious character, students are expected to have a character of tolerance with a
foundation of values, morals and ethics in acting.
2. Tolerance, this is in accordance with the 2nd precept of Pancasila which reads "just
and civilized humanity". With this, students are expected to behave politely and
politely to others or to those below or to those above in the sense of age, students can
also better appreciate the differences that exist in their environment.
3. The spirit of mutual assistance, this is discussed in the 1945 constitution. With this, it
is expected that students can carry out social activities by working together and a high
spirit of mutual cooperation to foster a socially conscious attitude that is always
applied in everyday life.
4. Democratic, this is discussed in the 4th Pancasila sila also discussed in the 1945
constitution. Students can prioritize decisions that are held democratically and are not
selfish or self-determined. This is indeed very difficult but if applied from childhood,
character education like this will continue to grow in the child's soul until he grows
up.
5. Love of the motherland, this is discussed in the 1945 constitution. Students must be
educated from an early age for love for our homeland, Indonesia, so that he will not
be easily deceived and remain firm in his stance. This is very important because it will
have an impact when the child begins to enter adulthood, he will export his world and
his knowledge.
6. Love the nation's culture, this value is very important because it concerns the future of
the nation. Students can appreciate the culture of their respective regions or the
culture of regions outside their region and students can proudly recognize the culture
of their region towards foreign countries.
The six things above can be easily absorbed by students if the learning method used is not
only based on or focuses on material achievement, therefore educators must innovate in terms
of growing character in children's souls because character education is not just a piece of
knowledge, butmust still be continued, namely with efforts to foster a sense love of good
actions or behavior and it must be done or applied in everyday life as a habit so that it will
get used to repeating it essentially repetition in terms of kindness. . Someone who has
knowledge of goodness and something good may not necessarily also be able to act in
accordance with what is in his knowledge, so from this, this is something that needs to be
habituated in every activity.

CONCLUSION
The many shortcomings in the education system should not be used as a matter of
dissatisfaction, precisely with this education can be more developed and have a high level of
quality if an educator tries to improve things that are felt to be lacking and unsatisfactory.
From all the descriptions above, it can be concluded that a teacher's creativity in teaching and
developing children's character can change the educational order in Indonesia gradually and
will produce something extraordinary if it continues to be pursued andimplemented properly
The lack of literacy in Indonesia causes us to make more efforts to improve reading literacy
in Indonesia with the influence of literacy in advancing and providing insight or knowledge
of students in Indonesia, because with the influence of this literacy may be able to improve
the quality of the education system in Indonesia so that the Indonesian state is not less
competitive with foreign countries or foreign countries in the field of education, So with this
there will be research on the influence of literacy carried out by students or students or
students in the learning system then how far the insight of students increases after a lot of
literacy is done, this is also so that the literacy carried out by elementary school children
increases even more, if the number of literacy increases it will realize Indonesia more
advanced because it goes hand in hand with insight or knowledge that got it. This method
can improve the quality of education in Indonesia and Indonesia can become a developed
country.

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