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Extrusions Defect

There are three main types of defects that can occur in extruded products: 1) Center burst, which is an internal crack along the centerline caused by tensile stresses during extrusion. It is difficult to detect visually. 2) Piping, which forms a sinkhole at the end of the billet during direct extrusion. Using a dummy block with a smaller diameter can prevent this. 3) Surface cracking, which results from high workpart temperatures causing cracks at the surface, often from high extrusion speeds leading to heat generation.

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Danish Yacoob Bandarkar
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2K views2 pages

Extrusions Defect

There are three main types of defects that can occur in extruded products: 1) Center burst, which is an internal crack along the centerline caused by tensile stresses during extrusion. It is difficult to detect visually. 2) Piping, which forms a sinkhole at the end of the billet during direct extrusion. Using a dummy block with a smaller diameter can prevent this. 3) Surface cracking, which results from high workpart temperatures causing cracks at the surface, often from high extrusion speeds leading to heat generation.

Uploaded by

Danish Yacoob Bandarkar
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  • Defects in Extruded Products: Discusses various defects common to extrusion products, categorizing them into center burst, piping, and surface cracking.

Defects in Extruded Products



Extrusion products may get defect to the considerable deformation associated with extrusion
operations; some defects can occur in extruded products.
The defects in extruded products can be classified into three categories:
1. Center burst
2. Piping and
3. Surface cracking
In below illustrated the defects formed in extruded products.

Some common defects in extrusion: (a) center burst, (b) piping, and (c) surface are cracking.

(a) Center burst:


Center burst defect is an internal crack that develops as a result of tensile stresses along the center
line of the workpart during the extrusion process. Although tensile stresses may not usually be seen
in a compression process such as extrusion process, tensile stresses tend to occur under conditions
that cause large deformation in the regions of the work away from the central axis. The significant
amount of material movement in these outer regions stretches the material along the center of the
product. If the stresses are high, a bursting occurs. Conditions that promote center burst defect are
high die angles, low extrusion ratios and impurities in the work metal that serve as starting points for
crack defects. It is difficult to identify the center burst defect. Center burst is an internal defect that is
usually not noticeable by visual inspection. Other names of the center burst defect include
Arrowhead fracture, center cracking and Chevron cracking.
(b) Piping:
Piping is a defect associated with a direct extrusion. As in the above figure (b), it is the formation of
a sinkhole at the end of the billet. The use of a dummy block whose diameter is somewhat  less than
that of the billet helps to avoid a piping defect in the extrusion process. Other names of the piping
defect are tailpipe and fishtailing.

(c) Surface cracking:


Surface cracking defect results from high workpart temperatures that cause cracks to develop at the
surface. They often occur when extrusion speed is very high, leading to high strain rates and
associated heat generation. Other factors contributing to surface cracking defect in extrusion process
are high friction and surface chilling of high-temperature billets in the hot extrusion process.
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product. If the stresses are high, a bursting occurs. Conditions that promote center burst defect are high die angles, low ex

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