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IFAC PapersOnLine 55-32 (2022) 259–264
Optimization
Optimization of
of a
a Low
Low Loss
Loss Strategy
Strategy for
for Combine
Combine Harvesters
Harvesters
Optimization
Optimization of a Low Loss Strategy for Combine Harvesters
Optimization of
of a Low
Low Loss
aBased Loss
on
Strategy
Strategy
Bayesian
for
for Combine
Combine
Network
Harvesters
Harvesters
Optimization of aBased
Low
Based Loss
on
on Strategy
Bayesian
Bayesian for Combine
Network
Network Harvesters
Based
Based on
on Bayesian
Bayesian Network
Network
Yehong Liu, Dong Sun, Xindong Ni, Shumao Wang, Xin Wang
Yehong
Yehong
Yehong Liu,
Based
Liu, Dong
Liu, Dong
onXindong
Sun,
Dong Sun,
Bayesian
Sun, Xindong
Xindong Ni,
Network
Ni, Shumao
Ni, Shumao
Wang, Xin
Shumao Wang,
Wang, Xin
Wang
Xin Wang
Wang
* College Yehong Liu, Dong China
of Engineering, Sun, XindongAgricultural Ni, Shumao
University, Wang,
Beijing Xin100083,
Wang China
** College
College of
of
Yehong Engineering,
Engineering,
Liu, Dong China
China
Sun, Agricultural
Agricultural
Xindong Ni, University,
University,
Shumao Beijing
Beijing
Wang, Xin 100083,
Wang China
100083, China
** College
College of of Engineering,
Engineering, China
(e-mail:
China Agricultural
wangxin117@cau.edu.cn).
Agricultural University,
University, Beijing
Beijing 100083,
100083, China
China
(e-mail:
(e-mail: wangxin117@cau.edu.cn).
wangxin117@cau.edu.cn).
* College of Engineering, Chinawangxin117@cau.edu.cn).
(e-mail: Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
(e-mail: wangxin117@cau.edu.cn).
Abstract: In this study, the Bayesian network
(e-mail: was used to optimize the harvesting strategy of the combine
wangxin117@cau.edu.cn).
Abstract: In
In this
this study, the Bayesian network was used
used to to optimize
optimize the the harvesting
harvesting strategy
strategy of of the
the combine
combine
Abstract:
harvester for
Abstract: In low study,
this study, the
loss rate.
the Bayesian
The rangenetwork
Bayesian analysiswas
network wasandused
varianceto analysis
optimize the ofharvesting
the orthogonal strategy field
of experiments
the combine
harvester
Abstract:
harvester for
Inthe
for low
this
low loss
study,
loss rate.
the
rate. The
Bayesian
The range
range analysis
network
analysis wasand
and variance
used
variance analysis
to optimize
analysis of
theof the orthogonal
harvesting
the orthogonalstrategy field experiments
of the
field combine
experiments
showed
harvester that
for low feed
loss rate,
rate. concave
The clearance
range analysis and threshing
and variance drum speed
analysis were main factors affecting the loss
Abstract:
showed
harvester
showed thatInthe
for
that this
thelow study,
feed
loss
feed the
rate,
rate.
rate, Bayesian
concave
The
concave range network
clearance
analysis
clearance and
and wasand used
threshing
variance
threshing to optimize
drum
drum analysis theof
speed
speed were
of
were
the
the orthogonal
harvesting
main
orthogonal
main strategy
factors
factors
field experiments
of the
affecting
field combine
the loss
experiments
affecting the loss
rate. Taken
showed that the
the main
feed factors
rate, and loss
concave rate asand
clearance Bayesian
threshing network
drum nodes,
speed the optimal
were main network
factors structure
affecting the was
loss
harvester
rate.
showed
rate. Taken
Taken for
that the
the
the low loss
main
feed
main rate.
factors
rate,
factors The
and
concave
and range
loss analysis
rate
clearance
loss rate as
as and and
Bayesian variance
threshing
Bayesian network
drum
network analysis
nodes,
speed
nodes, of
werethe
the
the orthogonal
optimal
main
optimal factors field
network
network experiments
structure
affecting
structure the was
loss
was
obtained
rate. Taken through
the scoring
main factorssearch,
and in
losswhich
rate the
as four scoring
Bayesian functions
network nodes,were therespectively
optimal combined
network with hill-
structure was
showed
obtained
rate. Taken that
throughthe main
the feed rate, search,
scoring concave
search, in clearance
which the andfourthreshing
scoring drum nodes,
functions speed were
were main factors
respectively affecting
combined withthe hill-
loss
hill-
obtained
climbing
obtained through
method.
through An factors
scoring
scoringoptimized andharvesting
search, in
in
loss rate the
which
which
asstrategy
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four
four for network
scoring
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loss ratewere
functions was
were
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optimal
inferred
respectively
network
through thestructure
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constructed
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was
hill-
rate.
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climbingTaken the
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through
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scoring
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optimized and
search,
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which
harvesting as
the Bayesian
strategy
four
strategy for
scoring network
low loss
functionsnodes,
rate was
were the optimal
inferred
respectively network
through the
combined structure
constructed
with was
hill-
network, and
climbing method. the strategy
An optimizedwas implemented
harvesting in field for
strategy for low
experiment.
low loss
loss rate
The was
rate was inferred
results showed
inferred through
that the
through the
the constructed
average
constructed loss
obtained
network, through
climbing
network, and
method.
and the scoring
the strategy
An search,
optimized
strategy was in which the
was implemented
implemented
harvesting infour
strategy
in scoring
field
field for lowfunctions
experiment.
experiment. loss Thewere
rate
The was respectively
results showed
inferred
results showed throughcombined
that
that the
the
the with hill-
average
constructed
average loss
loss
rate was reduced
network, and the by 0.8% was
strategy compared
implemented to that normal
in harvesting strategy.
climbing
rate was
was reduced
network,
rate method.
reduced
and by
the by An0.8%optimized
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strategy compared
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implemented
compared to that
to in field
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that normal
normal experiment.
for low loss
harvesting
fieldharvesting
experiment. The
rate
strategy.
strategy.
results
The was
results showed
inferred
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that the
through theaverage
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loss
Copyright
rate was
Keywords:
network,
rate was ©
reduced
and
reduced 2022
Combine
the byThe
strategy
by Authors.
0.8%
Harvester,
0.8% was This
comparedLoss
implemented
compared is
to
to an
that
rate,
thatopen
normal access
Harvesting
in
normal field article
harvesting
Strategy,
experiment.
harvesting under the
strategy.
Bayesian
The
strategy. CC BY-NC-ND
Network,
results showed license
Machine
that the learning
average loss
Keywords: Combine Harvester, Loss rate, Harvesting Strategy, Bayesian Network, Machine learning
Keywords:
rate was
Combine
(https://creativecommons.org
Keywords: Combine
reduced by
Harvester,
Harvester,
0.8% /licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
compared
Loss
Loss rate,
rate,
to that
Harvesting
Harvesting
normal
Strategy,
Strategy,
harvesting
Bayesian
Bayesian
strategy.
Network,
Network, Machine
Machine learning
learning
Keywords: Combine Harvester, Loss rate, Harvesting Strategy, Bayesian Network, Machine learning
Keywords: Combine Harvester, Loss rate, Harvesting Strategy, Bayesian Network, Machine learning
strategy. However, these combine harvesters have a large
1. INTRODUCTION strategy. However,
strategy. However, these these combine
combine harvesters
harvesters have have aa largelarge
1. INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION structure However,
strategy. and are not these suitable
combine for harvesters
small farms have in aChina.
large
structure
strategy. and are
However, notthese suitable
combine for small
harvesters farmshave in aChina.
large
Combine harvester is1. INTRODUCTION
the most popular agricultural equipment structure Although and most are not
studies suitable
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Combine harvester
Combine harvester is is1.theINTRODUCTION
the most popular
most popular agricultural
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Although However,most
and
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China.
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in harvesting
Combine process,
harvester is1. INTRODUCTION
which
the mostgreatly
popular reduces the labor
agricultural piezoelectric effect(Liang
intensity. Although most studies design sensors based on
equipment et al., 2016), there is no fully
the
in harvesting
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harvester is which
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popular reduces the
agricultural labor intensity.
equipment structure
piezoelectric
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effect(Liang
studies suitable
et
design for
al., small
2016),
sensors farms
there basedis inno
onChina.
fully
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in harvesting
Generally, theprocess,
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intensity.
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loss rate et
effect(Liang al.,
sensor,
et al., 2016),
for China,
2016), there
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that
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in harvesting
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Generally,
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loss
different
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et of al.,
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different
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2405-8963 Copyright © 2022 The Authors.
grain loss, optimal grain harvest quality, maximum harvest This is an open access article scoring-search
under the CC method.
BY-NC-ND license .
Scoring function was used to evaluate
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.11.149
260 Yehong Liu et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-32 (2022) 259–264
the fitting degree between the structure and data. Different
structures correspond to different scores, and hill climbing
method was used to find the structure with the highest score.
In order to avoid climbing method falling into local optimum,
different initial starting points were set for multiple iteration.
(Qian et al., 2016).
Finally, by adjusting the proportion of low-level in the loss rate
node, the state of other nodes (representing the operating
factors) changed accordingly, so as to obtain the optimized
harvesting strategy. The field experiment was conducted to
verify the effectiveness of the strategy by using the operation
strategy obtained by network reasoning.
Figure 1. Research route
3. PROPOSED METHOD
3.1 Bayesian network
In harvesting process, because the coupling of working states
between mechanisms, the effect of every key mechanism on
loss rate is not completely independent. Bayesian network is
constantly used to characterize such complex relationships.
Bayesian network is a directed acyclic graph. In the network,
nodes represent random variables. When there is an edge with
a one-way arrow between two nodes, it means that there is a
conditional dependency between the two variables. The node
at the beginning of the arrow is parent node, which represents
the cause of the event, and the node at the end of the arrow is
called child node, which represents the result of the event, as
show in Figure 2. If there is no edge between two nodes, it
means that the two random variables are independent of each
other(Weber et al., 2012). From a quantitative perspective,
Bayesian network is a representation of the relationship
between variables through conditional probability distribution.
Figure 2. Principle of Bayesian Network
The principle of Bayesian networks rely on Bayesian formula,
which is a standard method to correct the subjective judgment
of probability distribution (i.e. a priori probability) by using
the observed phenomena (Li et al.,2019). The formula is
defined as
f ( X | α ) ⋅ P(α )
P(α | X ) = (1)
f (X )
where, α is the unknown parameter, P (α | X ) is the
probability (i.e. the posterior probability) of α occurrence
supported under the data X , P (α ) is the prior probability,
f ( X | α ) is the likelihood function, f ( X ) is the marginal
distribution.
Sets the vector composed of important operation parameter as
δ ，and set the loss rate as L . The loss rate is affected by
adjusting the key operation parameters at harvesting time, such
as equation (2). The reasoning process of each operation
parameter under low loss rate is equivalent to calculating the
posterior probability of each parameter value, such as equation
(3).
P (δ L ) × P ( L )
P( L δ ) = （2）
P (δ )
P ( L | δ ) × P (δ )
P (δ L ) = （3）
P( L)
3.2 Bayesian network nodes parameters analysis
In this study, the feed rate, threshing drum speed , concave
clearance, and the moisture content were preliminarily
selected(Jin et al., 2019, Wang et al,2012). The data of each
factor and loss rate were collected through field experiments
as sample dataset for constructing Bayesian network. During
the harvesting, due to the constant cutting width, the field crop
density usually does not fluctuate greatly, so the feed rate was
proportional to the travel speed (Zhou et al., 2021, Zhang et al.,
2019). Hereby, the travel speed was used as the test control
condition and the L9(34) orthogonal condition table was
formed with four factors, as shown in Table 1.
In the field test, the GM80 combine harvester was used. Its
normal harvest feed rate was 8 kg/s and the corresponding
travel speed was about 6 km/h. Therefore, the travel speed of
the combine was set to 4 km/h, 6 km/h and 8 km/h to explore
the influence of different feed rate on the loss rate. The rated
threshing drum speed was about 1000 rpm, so the drum speed
was set at 900 rpm, 1000 rpm and 1100 rpm respectively. Since
concave clearance generally keeps a constant value in
harvesting, in order to prevent blockage of threshing drum,
three values of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm were respectively
selected. Crop moisture content is a important attribute that
affects the loss rate. Therefore, the experiment was carried out
in the morning, noon and evening. The average values of crop
moisture content in the three periods were 15.1 %, 13.3 % and
14.4 %, which used the “five-point method” to measure. Each
experimental condition were carried out 3 times repeatedly,
and 27 experiments were conducted.
 Yehong Liu et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-32 (2022) 259–264 261

Table 1. Orthogonal test condition table Normally, some outliers in the collected data are caused by the
confused field environment and the vibration of the combine
Threshing harvester. It is necessary to eliminate the outliers before
Grain Travel Concave constructing the network. In this study, the Grubbs method was
Test drum
moisture speed clearance adopted and the main process is introduced as below. Calculate
No. speed
content （km/h） （mm） the residuals of each data and if the residual exceeds the critical
（rpm）
value, the data was judged as outlier, which should be
1 High 900 4 10 eliminated. The outliers in all the data collected by the
2 High 1000 6 15 experiment were eliminated to obtain a clean dataset, which
was used as the basis for subsequent analysis and network
3 High 1100 8 20
construction. The specific steps of Grubbs are shown in Figure
4 Low 1000 8 10 3.
5 Low 1100 4 15
6 Low 900 6 20 After eliminating the outliers, the influence of the factors on
the loss rate were analyzed. Select the factors that have a great
7 Medium 1100 6 10
impact on the loss rate as the network nodes, thereby reducing
8 Medium 900 8 15 the network complexity caused by excessive nodes. Therefore,
9 Medium 1000 4 20 the range and variance analysis were performed on the test
results.

Figure 3. The process of eliminating outliers has three parts. The left In Table 3, s represent the quadratic sum, df represents
part in the figure is the original data space (including outliers that
is represented by red triangles), the middle part is the iterative freedom degree, V represents the mean sum. The calculation
steps of Grubbs method, and the right part is the data space after method of F is s
divided by E. By comparing the
removing outliers. corresponding F of each factor and the critical value of
apparent level, the influence of various factors on the test was
During the test, there are two main reasons for the change of determined. If F exceeds the threshold of a certain apparent
loss rate: on the one hand, the change of loss rate was caused level, this factor is significant at this significance level.
by the change of important factors. Through range analysis, Obviously, the greater F is, the higher the impact on the loss
the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on loss rate is.
rate in the test can be intuitively compared. The larger the
range value, the greater the influence of the level change of Table 2. Range Analysis Results
this factor on the test result, and this factor is regarded as the
main factor affecting the test. On the other hand, the Factor CMC TDS FR CC
fluctuation of loss rate data was caused by random error in the K1 1.884 1.713 3.149 2.400
process of data acquisition. Therefore, variance analysis was Loss K2 2.164 3.889 1.914 1.609
further conducted on the collected dataset to exclude the rate K3 2.965 1.411 1.950 3.004
impact of random errors. R 0.360 0.826 0.412 0.465
Table 3. Variance analysis results
The results of range analysis and variance analysis are shown
in Table 2 and Table 3. In the two tables, CMC, TDS, FR, and
Source S df V F
CC respectively represent crop moisture content, threshing
drum speed, feed rate, and concave clearance. CMC 0.021 2 0.010 1.000
TDS 1.219 2 0.609 58.069
It can be seen from Table 2, the sequence of R value from large FR 0.329 2 0.164 15.667
to small is as follows: TDS>CC>FR>CMC. This order shows CC 0.326 2 0.163 15.524
the influence degree of each factor on the loss rate as follows: Deviation E 0.021 2 0.105 -
threshing drum speed > concave clearance > feeding amount >
T 2.084 8 -
grain moisture content.
262 Yehong Liu et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-32 (2022) 259–264

It can be seen from Table 3, FB =58.069 > F(2,2)0.05 =19.0, and
FB =15.667 > F(2,2)0.1 =9.0, FC =15.667 > F(2,2)0.1 =9.0, it can
be ascertained that B, C and D were the dominant factors. FA
is not significant at both F(2,2)0.05 and F(2,2)0.1 , so factor A has
distribution and the uniform distribution respectively, the K2
scoring function and the BDe scoring function are obtained.
Using the Laplace approximation method, the BIC scoring
function is obtained when a large sample approximation is
performed on P ( D ζ ) . The goal of AIC scoring is to find a

little effect on the test results.

Bayesian network so that ( )
KL P, PN * ≤ KL ( P, PN ) , ∀N is
established.
According to the results of range analysis and variance
analysis, the influence of crop moisture content on loss rate is
the smallest, which can be ignored. So, feed rate, threshing
drum speed and the concave clearance were the main factors
affecting the loss rate. In addition, given that some combine
harvesters have no monitoring device for feed rate but have
travel speed monitoring device, the travel speed was also used
as the node for constructing Bayesian network.
Finally, five nodes were determined for constructing Bayesian
network, including four main factors and loss rate
3.3 Bayesian network construction
After determining the nodes of Bayesian network, it is
necessary to learn the network structure. There is not only one
directed acyclic graph composed of selected nodes, and the
exhaustive method cannot find the optimal network structure.
This study was based on the scoring search method to find the
optimal network structure, which mainly included the
selection of scoring function and the implementation of search Figure 4. Bayesian network construction
methods.
The construction process of Bayesian network is shown in Fig.
The scoring function is a measure of the network structure and 4. Starting from an initial network model structure, the scoring
data fit degree. At present, there are mainly two types of function is used to score the initial network structure, and then
scoring functions, the scoring functions based on Bayesian the initial network structure is modified through the three
statistics and the scoring functions based on information search operators in the climbing method. Add arc, that is to
theory. The main idea of the Bayesian scoring function is to add an edge in the network; reduce arc means to delete an edge
select the network structure with the largest posterior in the network and reverse arc means to flip the direction of
probability value, given the prior knowledge and sample data. one edge in the network, then the scoring is carried out again.
However, the scoring function based on information theory is Through continuous iteration until the structure with the
to find a graph model, which minimizes the sum of network highest score is obtained.
description length and sample coding length. Herein, 4 scoring
functions were selected, BDe and K2 belong to Bayesian The specific process of hill-climbing method is shown in Fig
scoring functions, and AIC, BIC belong to 2 information 5. Under each scoring function, different starting points were
theory scoring functions, to measure the advantages and selected to execute the hill-climbing method, and multiple
disadvantages of network structure. iterations were performed to overcome the disadvantage that it
is easy to fall into the local optimum. The R programming
The random variable D is composed of travel speed, feed rate, language was used to realize the network process construction.
threshing drum speed, concave clearance, and loss rate. And The scores of optimal network structure measured by each
network structure ζ and network structure parameter θζ are scoring function are shown in Table 4, the network structure
also random variables. The value of ζ is the set of all directed which was selected as the final network structure was obtained
based on the BIC. The network structure presented in Fig.6.
acyclic graphs with nodes, given ζ , the possible value of θζ
Table 4. Optimal network structure score under different
is all the parameter values corresponding to ζ . The optimal
scoring functions
network structure usually has the maximum posterior
probability: ζ = arg max
*
P (ζ D ) . Score function AIC BIC BDe K2
ζ
Score -2326.799 -2568.943 -2314.122 -2400.98
P ( D ζ ) P (ζ )
Since P (ζ D ) =
P ( D)
and P ( D ) do not depend on ζ ,
finding the optimal network structure is to find the maximum It can be concluded from Fig.6 there is a dependency
relationship between each factor and loss rate, and the factors
value of log=P (ζ , D ) log P( D ζ ) + log P (ζ ) . Assuming that
are not completely independent. Estimating the value of each
the prior probability distribution of θζ obeys the Dirichlet
 Yehong Liu et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-32 (2022) 259–264 263

factor under a certain loss rate value is to calculate the first grade (<900 rpm) in the threshing drum speed node was
posterior probability of the loss rate node. 31.3 %.
Table 5. Grading results of data

Node
Parameter name Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
name
Feed rate(kg/s) intake ＜6 6 ~8 ＞8 -
Travel
speed ＜5 5~7 ＞7 -
speed(km/h)
Threshing drum 900 ~ 1000 ~
rotation ＜900 ＞1100
speed (rpm) 1000 1100
Concave
gap 10 15 20
clearance(mm)
Loss rate (%) loss ＜0.4 0.4 ~ 0.8 0.8~ 1.2 ＞1.2

Figure 5. Hill-climbing method to search for optimal network

structure

Figure 7. Initial network status

Figure 6. Optimal network structure

4. LOSS RATE OPERATION STRATEGY STUDY

Build final network in Netica software. For convenience, the
node names use Speed, Intake, rotation, Gap and Loss are
respectively used to represent travel speed, feed rate, threshing
drum speed, clearance concave and loss rate. The collected
data were classified since the discrete Bayesian network was
to be constructed. Combined with the division basis of each
factor level in orthogonal test and related standard documents,
the hierarchical results are shown in Table 5. Take the
hierarchical data input network, and the result is shown in Fig.
7.
Figure 8. Network state at low loss rate
It can be seen from Fig. 7 that there is no significant difference
in the proportion of the first to the fourth grades in loss rate The effectiveness of the harvesting strategy obtained by
node, indicating that the collected data is not completely under network reasoning was verified through field experiments.
the operation strategy of low loss rate. Experiment process records and the results as shown in Table
6. In the table, the experimental groups used the network
In order to obtain the harvest strategy under the condition of optimizing strategy were No. 1, 3, and 5, and the average
low loss rate, the lowest level in the loss node was adjusted to packet loss rate is 0.39%. And the control groups without the
100% and network state changes as shown in Fig. 8. The optimization strategy are No. 2, 4, and 6, the average loss rate
highest proportion of the second grade (5 ~7km / h) in the was 1.19%. It can be seen that the use of the optimizing
travel speed node was 49.5 %, the highest proportion of the strategy reduces the average loss rate of the combine harvester
second grade (6~8 kg / s) in the feed rate node was 41.0 %, the by 0.8%, which proves that the method proposed in this paper
highest proportion of the 10 mm grade in the concave can indeed optimize the harvesting strategy and achieve the
clearance node was 49.1 %, and the highest proportion of the goal of reducing the loss rate.
264 Yehong Liu et al. / IFAC PapersOnLine 55-32 (2022) 259–264

Table 6 Test records and result under the optimized strategy Fu, J., Yuan, H., Zhang, D., Chen, Z. and Ren, L. (2020) 'Mul
ti-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters of Lon
Travel Threshing gitudinal Axial Threshing Cylinder for Frozen Corn Usi
Feed Concave Loss
Test speed drum ng RSM and NSGA-II', Applied Sciences, 10(5).
rate clearance rate
No. speed
（km/h） (kg/s) (mm) (%) Liang, Z., Li, Y., Xu, L. and Zhao, Z. (2016) 'Sensor for moni
(rpm)
1 5.74 7.52 10 846 0.35 toring rice grain sieve losses in combine harvesters', Bio
systems Engineering, 147, pp. 51-66.
2 4.04 5.30 15 1056 1.27
3 5.52 7.24 10 867 0.41 Shen, X. and Zhang, Y. H. (2021) 'Estimating Vehicle Mass a
4 4.28 5.61 15 1024 1.09 nd Road Grade through Bayesian Inversion', Ifac Paper
5 5.66 7.41 10 863 0.40 sonline, 54(10), pp. 235-240.
6 4.36 5.72 15 1095 1.21 Weber, P., Medina-Oliva, G., Simon, C. and Iung, B. (2012) '
Overview on Bayesian networks applications for depen
5. CONCLUSION
dability, risk analysis and maintenance areas', Engineeri
In order to lower the loss rate, a harvesting strategy optimal ng Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 25(4), pp. 671
model based on Bayesian Network is proposed in this paper. -682.
Through range and variance analysis, travel speed, feed rate,
threshing drum speed, concave clearance was determined as Zhan, Z., Yaoming, L., Zhenwei, L. and Zhiqiang, G. (2013) '
network nodes. With the use of scoring function search, four DEM simulation and physical testing of rice seed impac
functions (AIC, BIC, BDe and K2) were combined with hill- t against a grain loss sensor', Biosystems Engineering, 1
climbing method respectively to obtain optimal network 16(4), pp. 410-419.
structure. When the proportion of the lowest level in the loss Zhou, D., Xu, C., Xin, Y., Hou, P., Wu, B., Yu, H., Zhang, J.
rate node was adjusted to 100 %, the values of travel speed, and Zhang, Q. (2021) 'Model Study on the Combination
feed rate, threshing drum speed and concave clearance were of Operating Parameters of Corn Kernel Harvesters', Ap
obtained through network inference, which constituting an plied Sciences, 11(21).
optimized harvesting strategy. Field experiments results the
strategy can effectively reduce the loss rate of combine Chen, L., Dong, C. (2019).'Deep charging effect risk model a
harvester. ssessment based on Bayesian methods', Chinese Journa
l of Geophysics, 62(06), pp.1991-2000.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Jin, C., Q, Guo, F, Y., Xu J. S., Li, Q, L., Chen, M., Li, J, J.,
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the National Key
Yin, X. (2019) ' Optimization of working parameters of
R&D Program of China (2017YFD0700603) for the financial
soybean combine harvester ', Transactions of the Chines
support of the research on optimization of operation strategy
e Society of Agricultural Engineering, 35(13), pp. 10-22.
of combine harvester. Special thanks are also paid to
Agricultural Machinery Intelligent Measuring & Controlling Wang, X., Fu, H., Wang, S., Cui, Z., Cheng, L. (2012) ' Robu
Technology Lab of China Agricultural University for its st optimal design of multi-objective control model of w
support of the software and hardware technology used in data orking speed for combine harvester', Transactions of the
collection. Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 28(20), p
p. 27-3
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