Ateneo de Manila University

Araglayon na Pantukan! A Community-led Upskilling and Feeding Effort to

Alleviate Food Insecurity in the Municipality of Pantukan

An Executive Summary of a Proposal

Presented to the Pondo ng
Pinoy Project Board

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in

Math 10

Proponents

Group 2
Chiu, Daynia Caitlin;
Chua, Marigold Jasmine;
De Asis, Francine;
De Guzman, Joaquin Vicente;
Delos Santos, Iver John

Math 10 L2

December 2022
Community Profile: Pantukan
A. Nature of Work

Among surveyed Pantukan residents, 44% work regular jobs, 38% of them have occasional work,
and 18% are unemployed. The community is mostly an agricultural one with a plurality (35%) of the
respondents working in jobs related to agriculture, fishing, and forestry, 21% working in transportation,
storage, and communication, and 14% in construction labor.
B. Average Monthly Income

As shown in the histogram to the left, the vast majority of residents in Pantukan are low-income with
a majority (55%,18) of respondents having an average monthly income of below ₱5,000 and another
18% (6) earning only between ₱5,000 and ₱7,000 monthly . An estimation of the mean monthly income
shows that the average Pantukan resident earns a very low ₱7711.98 monthly.
C. Food Adequacy Parameters

Prompts about the food adequacy parameters depict a picture of food insecurity within the community.
Only 15% of respondents do not worry that their household will have enough food to sustain their family.
A commanding majority also said that they had to not eat the food they want (79%), limit the variety of
their food (76%), and eat smaller meals (58%) due to lack of resources . However, the vast majority of
respondents also said that they did not have to go a whole day without eating (100%), go to sleep without
eating (76%), and have no food at all (70%) due to a dearth of food.
D. Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence (HFIAP)

After computing the HFIAP, it is shown that a measly 3% of the households in Pantukan rate
themselves as food secure. The rest of the households experienced food insecurity with 36%
experiencing severe food insecurity, are 45% moderately food insecure, and 15% mildly food
insecure. The data demonstrate a high level of incidence of food insecurity in the community with nearly
all residents self-rating themselves as food insecure.

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Community Vulnerabilities: Pantukan
High food insecurity prevalence
Calculating for Pantukan’s Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence (HFIAP) shows that
97% of respondents rate themselves as food insecure with only 3% of households rating themselves as
entirely food secure. This near-unanimous presence of some kind of food insecurity in the surveyed
households is alarming as food insecurity is proven to be linked to poorer health outcomes such as higher
rates of malnutrition and even diseases like asthma and diarrhea (Gunderson & Ziliak, 2015).
Inadequate nutritional intake amongst children
As shown in the plot to the left, most children in the community do not
have adequate energy intake with the median Pantukan child only getting 62%
of the recommended levels. Hence, most of the children in the community aren’t
eating enough with more than 75% of the respondents reporting eating less than
recommended levels. Lack of energy intake can cause stunting in children
affecting their development (Maulidiana & Sutijati, 2021)
Low average monthly income and high unemployment
Most households in Pantukan have an average monthly income lower
than ₱5,000 and most of them do not have stable jobs (18% unemployment rate
among the sample, more the double the national rate). Comparing the mean
monthly income in Pantukan which is ₱7,712 with the data from the Philippine
Statistical Authority which estimated the national monthly income at ₱24,997 per
month, (PSA, 2022).

Community Profile: Maco

A. Nature of Work

As shown in the graphs on the left, 63% of household heads have regular work, 32% have occasional
work, and 5% are unemployed. The data indicates that most of the residents are from the agricultural,
fishing, and forestry industry with a plurality of 28%. The second largest industry in the community is
construction with 16%.
B. Average Monthly Income

According to the raw data, Maco is a low-income community with a majority of the respondents saying
that they earn less than ₱7,000 monthly (32% earn less than ₱5,000 while 21% earn between ₱5,000
and ₱7,000). An estimation of the mean monthly income of the respondents put it at ₱9,813.

C. Food Adequacy Parameters

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 Data from the municipality of Maco show that although only 2% of the respondents have experienced
not eating the whole day due to scarcity of food, the community has relatively high rates of worry about
food scarcity with only 25% not worrying whether their family will have enough food for sustenance. Most
also reported having to limit the variety of their meals due to a lack of resources. However, more than
half of the community doesn’t have to reduce their food intake just to have enough sustenance for their
family.

D. Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence

Computing for the Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence (HFIAP) of Maco respondents
shows that only 14% of households rate themselves as entirely food secure . The rest of the households
in the community are experiencing some type food insecurity, with 32% self-rating as mildly food insecure,
30% as moderately food insecure, and 23% as severely food insecure.

Community Vulnerabilities: Maco

Low Average Monthly Income
Like families in Pantukan, households in Maco, with an average monthly income of ₱9,812.57
have significantly lower monthly incomes compared to the national average . This poses a massive
disparity between families in Maco and families around the Philippines. This disparity creates a
vulnerability as families in Maco may not have enough income to fully support
their basic necessities.
Inadequate nutritional intake among children
Raw data from Maco suggests that although not as worse as Pantukan,
the vast majority of children in the community self-reported low levels of energy
intake with more than 75% of respondents self-reporting less than adequate
daily calorie intake. As stated earlier, low energy intake stunts healthy and
proper growth. This inadequacy may cause these children to grow up with
weaker immune systems that may make them more vulnerable to sickness and
disease.
High Food Insecurity Prevalence
Calculating for Maco’s HFIAP shows that the vast majority of the
community experience food insecurity with only 14% of those surveyed saying that their household is
food secure. 86% are experiencing some kind of food insecurity with 32% rating themselves as mildly
food insecure, 30% as moderately food insecure, and 23% as severely food insecure. As stated
previously, high food insecurity prevalence generally lead to worse health outcomes and higher incidence
of malnutrition within the community.

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Project Proposal

Name of the Project

Araglayon na Pantukan!

Rationale for Choosing Community Beneficiary

Pantukan has a higher incidence of food insecurity based on the Household Food Insecurity
Access Prevalence (HFIAP) index.

Comparing the HFIAP for both Pantukan and Maco shows that food insecurity is more widespread
in Pantukan than in the latter. For example, over 8 out of 10 (81%) Pantukan respondents self-rated
themselves as moderately or severely food insecure compared to only a bare majority (53%) of Maco
residents. Maco Pantukan
As seen in the table to the right, computing for the z-value of the Mean 2.579 3.152
Household Food Insecurity Prevalence Score (HFIAS) of the two Variance 1.105 0.633
communities showed that Pantukan’s average HFIAS is statistically greater z-value -2.916
than that of Maco (-2.916 < -1.645, rejecting the hypothesis that there is no z-critical one-tailed -1.645
significant difference between the two datasets). A higher HFIAS suggests
that residents from Pantukan rate themselves as more food insecure compared to those from Maco .
Pantukan residents generally have lower incomes compared to Maco’s

Monthly Income in Maco and Pantukan

60% 55%

50%
40% 32%
30% 21%
18% 18%
20% 12%
7% 9%
5% 6%
10% 3% 3% 3%5%
0% 0% 0%2%
0%
>PhP5000 PhP5,000 - PhP7,001 - PhP10,001 - PhP15,001 - PhP20,001 - PhP25,001 - PhP30,001 - PhP40,001 -
PhP7,000 PhP10,000 PhP15,000 PhP20,000 PhP25,000 PhP30,000 PhP40,000 PhP50,000

Pantukan Maco

Putting the two community’s monthly incomes side-by-side shows that the latter’s residents’
incomes are relatively lower compared to the former . For example, 55% of respondents from Pantukan
have a monthly income of less than ₱5,000 compared to only 32% of Maco’s. Taking an estimate of each
community’s average income demonstrates the disparity, with Maco’s being ₱9,812.57, more than 20%
greater compared to Pantukan’s ₱7,711.98.
This is essential as a correlation
Income Group and HFIAS in Pantukan
between income groups and HFIAS (shown in
the graph on the right) shows that there is at 18
16
least a moderately strong negative relationship 14
(r = -0.57) between the two variables. Hence, the 12
HFIAS

10
lower a household’s income, the higher its 8
HFIAS, meaning that poorer families rate 6
4
themselves as food insecure than higher- 2 R² = 0.3192
earning ones. 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note: Arbitrary values are used to enable Income Group
quantitative analysis of the income groups . The
values are as follows:
Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
₱5,001- ₱7,001- ₱10,001- ₱15,001- ₱20,001- ₱25,001- ₱30,001-
Income >₱5,000
₱7,000 ₱10,000 ₱15,000 ₱20,000 ₱25,000 ₱30,000 ₱40,000

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Children’s nutrient intake is generally lower in Pantukan compared to Maco

Child Nutrient Adequacy in Maco and Pantukan

100%
12% 12%
80% 32%
46% 50%
63% 56%
70%
60% 79% 82%

40% 88% 88%

68%
54% 50%
20% 37% 44%
21% 30%
18%
0%
Maco Pantukan Maco Pantukan Maco Pantukan Maco Pantukan Maco Pantukan
Energy Intake Protein Intake Calcium Intake Phosphorous Intake Iron Intake

Adequate Inadequate

As shown in the graph above, nutrient adequacy is generally low in both communities. However,
Maco has relatively higher rates of sufficient intake of nutrients compared to Pantukan. For example,
while 37% of Maco residents reported adequate energy intake, only 21% of Pantukan residents said the
same. Maco also has greater calcium (30% vs 18%), phosphorous (68% vs 44%), and iron (54% vs 50%)
intake compared to Pantukan.
Unemployment and seasonal work are more widespread in Pantukan than Maco

Work Status in Pantukan and Maco

70% 63%
60%
44%
50% 38%
40% 32%
30% 18%
20%
10%
5%
0%
Regular Work Occassional Work Unemployed

Pantukan Maco

As shown in the graph above, the unemployment and occasional work rates are much higher in
Pantukan compared to Maco (18% and 5% and 38% vs 32%, respectively) while more residents of the
latter have regular work. This means that Pantukan residents have less secure jobs compared to their
counterparts in Maco.
Relationship of HFIAS and Work Status in Pantukan
Taking work status into account is important,
20
because, as evident on the graph to right, there is a
15
moderately strong inverse relationship (r=-0.60) between
HFIAS

work status and HFIAS. Simply put, households with 10

unemployed heads have higher food insecurity levels 5 R² = 0.3621
compared to those with secure jobs.
0
Note: Arbitrary values are used to enable quantitative 0 1 2 3

analysis of the work status. The values are as follows: Work Status

Value 1 2 3
Unemployed Household Household Head with Household Head with
Work Status
Head Occasional Work Regular Work

Project Description
‘Araglayon sa Pantukan’ is a three-part community-wide effort to alleviate poverty and food
insecurity in the area. The program will consider the fact that the nature of the work of most of the
residents is predominantly agricultural through ‘Tanim na Pantukan!,’ an upskilling program designed to
increase crop yields combined with providing them with free seeds and subsidized equipment like
fertilizers and pesticides for use in a community garden . The program will also establish ‘Lutuan ng
Pantukan,’ a community kitchen in the locality upon the condition that the kitchen must purchase most of
its raw materials from the community garden. This system creates a web of interdependence between
the community garden and kitchen, ensuring that both will be sustainable even without going beyond
their locality. The community garden can depend on the kitchen for profit to buy new equipment, while
the kitchen can rely on the garden for ingredients . Lastly, ‘Kain Kabataan!’ involves implementing a twice-
per-week feeding program to alleviate child nutrient inadequacy through the provision of nutritious meals,
created by the community kitchen.

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Action Plan
1. Preliminary Meetings
Description
The preliminary phase of the program involves town hall meetings and consultations with
residents particularly with target sectors like agricultural workers (for Tanim na Pantukan!), unemployed
household heads (Lutuan ng Pantukan), and elementary teachers (for Kain Kabataan) . These meetings,
to be held before the implementation of the three-phase program, aim to take the community’s pulse on
the projects and gather suggestions on how they can be adjusted to better fit the locality’s conditions .
The gatherings, supervised by the program’s implementor, will also serve as the community’s orientation
for the proposed projects.

2. Tanim na Pantukan
Description
‘Tanim sa Pantukan’ is an agricultural upskilling program in the form of onsite training sessions
where experts will be invited to teach the beneficiaries better agricultural techniques to increase crop
yields. Since the program mainly targets food security, it will focus on the cultivation of food crops that
they, as a community, already depend on such as vegetables, corn, and banana (Special Area of
Agricultural Development, 2022). Beneficiaries will also be granted free seeds and subsidized fertilizers,
pesticides, and other equipment deemed necessary during the preliminary meetings upon their
completion of the program. On the other hand, ‘Taniman sa Pantukan’ will also have a poultry track,
where recipients can choose to forego the free agricultural equipment for subsidized poultry feed and
pen grants.
Each track—agriculture and poultry—will have a cap of 30 participants each. The culminating
output of this project is the establishment of a community garden manned by the beneficiaries and their
families
Rationale
Data from Pantukan shows that a plurality of its residents is involved in agriculture, fishing, and
forestry. Most of the households in these agricultural sectors have lesser incomes compared to the
community average. Hence, singling out the sector for assistance will mostly help low-income families
that are really struggling to make ends meet. Studies show that agricultural training significantly increases
crop and poultry yield, thus, raising the income of the upskilling beneficiaries (Wonde et al ., 2022).
Expected Output
Creation of 5 community gardens with poultry pens in the municipality
Criteria for Beneficiaries
18-60 years old, agricultural worker or unemployed, and with monthly incomes <₱10,000

3. Lutuan ng Pantukan
Description
‘Lutuan sa Pantukan’ involves the establishment of a community kitchen aimed at providing
unemployed and elderly beneficiaries a source of income . This will provide the community with kitchen
facilities to acquire nutritional knowledge, improve culinary skills, and ensure food safety and accessibility.
The raw materials to be used in cooking will come from the community garden while profit from the kitchen
will be used for buying new equipment for the garden . This interdependent relationship between the
community garden and kitchen will ensure that both will be sustainable within their locality.
Rationale
Data collected from Pantukan showed that the community has a mean average monthly income of
Php 7,712 which is significantly lower compared to the estimated monthly income of the rest of the country
(PSA, 2022). Data also showed that only 44% of the community have regular work while the rest 56%
have occasional work or are unemployed . Through Lutuan ng Pantukan, the unemployed and elderly
beneficiaries of the community will be able to get a source of income and at the same time, help the
children in the locality.
Expected Output
Creation of 5 community kitchen (‘karinderia-like’) stalls
Criteria for Beneficiaries
18-60 years old, unemployed, and with monthly incomes <₱10,000, or aged >60 years old

4. Kain Kabataan
Description
Kain Kabataan is a feeding program that aids and provide meals for children within their own
communities. This one month feeding program will consist of stalls in coordination with the unemployed
people participating within the “Lutuan ng Pantukan” program. These participants from “Lutuan ng

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Pantukan” will be cooking the meals that will be given out to the children as part of this program. These
cooked meals will be given out to different stalls set up by the overall organizers of this program. There
will be 4 stalls in total with each stall to provide for 40 students each.

Rationale
As established Pantukan has high incidences of food insecurity, and most children fail to meet
the recommended daily energy intake. The Kain Kabataan program will be able to provide families, but
more importantly, children with meals they need to sustain themselves. Since it’s interdependent with the
two other programs, it also shows the residents the sustainability and overall community benefit of the
set-up of communal stalls and gardens.

Criteria for Beneficiaries

Underweight (ranked based on severity), low self-reported nutrient intake, and a from family
earning <₱10,000 or whose parents are unemployed

Budget Allocation
Total Budget Allocation for ‘Araglayon na Pantukan’ ₱ 300,000
Taniman sa Pantukan ₱150,000
Allocation for agriculture track ₱ 70,000
Allocation of poultry track ₱ 60,000
Logistics and Miscellaneous Expenses ₱ 20,000
Lutuan ng Pantukan ₱ 92,000
Stalls ₱ 45,000
Kitchen Equipment ₱ 42,000
Logistics ₱ 5,000
Kain Kabataan ₱ 58,000
Meals ₱ 50,200
Miscellaneous Equipment (Utensils, Plates, etc.) ₱ 7,800
Note: For a more detailed budget allocation click here.

Project Timeline
Date Activity Notes
• Meetings with Local Government Unit, possible
Preliminary Meetings and
2/1/2023 – 4/12/2023 NGO partners, local community leaders, and
Consultation
local residents
Talks and Signing
2/1/2023 – 2/28/2023 Memorandum with
Pantukan LGU
Local town hall meetings Sectoral town halls with local community leaders (peasant
2/15/2023 – 3/15/2023
with residents organizations, farmer’s cooperatives, etc.) to be held too
Re-adjusting project action
3/1/2023 – 4/12/2023 plan based on partner and
local recommendations
3/1/2023 – 9/15/2023 Tanim na Pantukan Agricultural Upskilling
3/1/2023 – 4/12/2023 Selection of Beneficiaries 30 beneficiaries each for agricultural track and poultry track
Upskilling proper (seminars and training); twice weekly
5/1/2023 – 5/31/2023 Tanim na Pantukan!
(Wednesday and Saturday)
5/29/2023 – 6/16/2023 Culminating Activities Creation of community garden; give out of free equipment
6/16/2023 – 9/15/2023 Continued Assistance
4/15/2023 – 9/15/2023 Lutuan na Pantukan Jobs Training, Creation of Community Stalls
4/5/2023 – 5/15/2023 Selection of Beneficiaries 30 beneficiaries to be selected
Upskilling proper (seminars and training); Twice weekly
6/1/2023 – 6/30/2023 Lutuan sa Pantukan!
(Wednesday and Saturday)
Grouping beneficiaries by locality and giving out free stalls;
7/3/2023 – 7/14/2023 Culminating Activities
assistance in setting up those stores
7/14/2023 – 9/15/2023 Continued Assistance
3/1/2023 – 9/15/2023 Kain Kabataan! Short-term feeding program
Talks with School
6/19/2023 – 7/3/2023 for the selection of beneficiaries
Administrators
Examination of
7/3/2023 – 7/5/2023 taking of height and weight; to be done with help from LGU
Beneficiaries
Contracting Lutuan sa
7/14/2023 – 7/21/2023 LsP stalls will be paid to cook healthy meals for beneficiaries
Pantukan Stalls
8/7/2023 – 9/8/2023 Feeding Program Proper Twice a week, every Monday and Thursday
Post-Examination of
9/11/2023 – 9/15/2023 to be done with help from the LGU
Beneficiaries
Post-Project
9/15/2023 – 9/30/2023 Consultations and
Evaluation
Note: For a more detailed budget allocation click here.

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References

Gudersen, C., & Ziliak, J. (2015). Food insecurity and health outcomes. Health Affairs, 34(11), 1830-
1839. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645
Mapa, D. S. (2022, April 22). Highlights of the Preliminary Results of the 2021 Family Income and
Expenditure Survey (FIES) Visit 1. Philippine Statistics Authority. https://psa.gov.ph/press-
releases/id/167321
Maulidiana, A. R., & Sutjiati, E. (2021). Low intake of essential amino acids and other risk factors of
stunting among under-five children in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Public Health
Research, 10(2), 2161-2169. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2161
Special Area for Agricultural Development. (2021). Davao de Oro.
https://saad.da.gov.ph/priority_provinces/region-xi/davao-de-oro
Wonde, K. M., Tsehay, A. S., Lemma, S. E. (2022). Training at farmers training centers and its impact on
crop productivity and households' income in Ethiopia: A propensity score matching (PSM)
analysis. Heliyon, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09837

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