Ventilator

Note

• The questions were asked in University examination from year

2018 - 2003 mostly those all are arranged in this document by their topics
and sections.

• “ YEAR-I ” and “ YEAR-II ” pattern shows examination of major batch and

minor batch.

• Sign of ‘ * ’ indicates that question was asked as 5 marks question or as

applied anatomy question in that year which is mentioned.

• Questions of year 2018, 2019 are shown in italic and underlined manner.

• This document is useful as softcopy, very easy to find and search.

• In the form of hardcopy is also very easy to use because mostly all
questions of the one topic are mentioned in only one page.

• Question of year 2019-II from the subject physiology and biochemistry

are not mentioned and year 2018-II from physiology paper-2 are also
not mentioned due absence of papers.

• There are some spelling mistakes, disarrangement of the question in the

topic and that’s why comment and suggestion will be appreciated from
the users for further improvement.
Email :- shubhp739@gmail.com

Thank you by,

Shubh Patel
Anatomy
Paper -1
 Upper limb
Median nerve (2003-I, 2006-II, 2017-II*)
Palmer interossei / interossei (2006-I, 2005-I, 2013-II, 2003-I, 2017-II)
Abductor of Shoulder joint (2017-I, 2015-I)
Superficial veins of upper limb (2018-II)
Arterial anastomose around elbow (2017-I, 2007-I)
Clavipectoral fascia (2017-I, 2013-II, 2006-I, 2005-I, 2003-I)
Claw hand / Ulner Paradox (2015-II*, 2005-II*)
Deltoid muscle (2018-II, 2019-II, 2015-II, 2009-II)
Axiliary artery / 3rd part of axillary artery (2015-II) / (2007-II, 2004-II)
Erb’s paralysis / Erb’s point (2019-II*, 2018-I*, 2015-I*, 2011-I*, 2009-II, 2004-II*, 2006-II*)
Carpal tunnel syndrome (2019-I, 2003-II, 2011-I, 2017-I*, 2005-I, 2007-I*, 2009-II, 2012-II*, 2014-II*)
Rotatorcuff of shoulder joint (2018-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2007-I)
Cubital fossa (2017-II, 2016-I, 2013-I, 2006-II, 2006-I)
Ulner Nerve (2018-II, 2014-I*, 2012-I*, 2007-I)
Scapulo humeral spaces / Quadrangular space (2013-II) / (2019-I, 2014-I)
Superficial palmer arch (2018-I, 2004-I, 2014-I, 2012-II, 2009-I)
Palmer spaces / Midpalmer space (2013-II*) / (2012-I, 2005-II, 2006-I*)
Shoulder joint (2019-II, 2013-I*, 2010-I*)
Lymphatic drainage of Brest (2019-II, 2006-II, 2004-I)
Pronation and supination / Muscles (2019-I, 2016-I, 2012-II, 2004-I, 2007-II*)
Dorsal digital expansion / Extensor Hood (2011-II, 2010-I)
Abduction of Shoulder joint (2011-I, 2010-I, 2003-II)
Axillary nerve (2013-I, 2005-II) Adductor pollicis muscle (2011-I)
Injury in radial nerve in spinal groove (2004-I*) Anatomical snuff box (2012-I)
Palmer aponeurosis (2015-I, 2004-II) Supinator muscle (2011-II, 2010-I)
Ape like thumb deformity (2016-I*) Mammary gland (2009-II*)
Musculocuteneous nerve (2016-II) Axilla (2009-I*)
First carpometacarpal joint (2016-II, 2013-I) Pectoralis major (2009-I)
Flexor retinaculam at wrist joint (2016-II) Triangle of auscultation (2009-I)
Brachial plexus (2017-II) Klumpkes’s paralysis (2019-I*, 2008-II*)
Wrist Drop (2018-II*, 2017-I*, 2008-II) Brachioradialis (2008-II)
Biceps brachii (2012-I) Cephalic vein (2008-II)
Median cubital vein (2018-I) Sternoclavicular joint (2007-II)
Posterior interosseous nerve (2015-I) Anastomos around scapula (2007-II, 2003-I)
Deep palmer arch (2014-II) Posterior interossie artery (2005-II)
Radioulanar joint (2015-II) Movement of scapula (2004-II)
Deep branches of ulnar nerve (2014-II) Flexor digitorum profundus (2003-II)
Serratus anterior (2012-II) Radial nerve (2011-II*, 2005-I)
Dupuytres contracture Movement at Carpometacarpal joint (2003-II)
 Neuroanatomy
T.S. of midbrain at level of Superior and inferior colliculus (2018-II, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2006-II, 2012-II,
2005-I, 2003-II)
T.S. of medulla oblongata at motor decussation (2006-I)
T.S. of medulla oblongata at sensory decussation (2019-I, 2019-II)
Supero- lateral surface of cerebral hemi sphere (2006-I)
Track of lateral spinothalamic track (2007-I, 2015-II, 2013-II)
Floor of 4th ventricle (2019-II, 2018-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2004-I, 2013-I, 2011-I, 2005-II, 2007-I)
Interpenduncular fossa (2014-I, 2011-II, 2008-II, 2004-I)
Cavernous sinus (2017-I, 2010-I*, 2012-II*, 2003-II*)
Internal Capsule ((2019-I*, 2016-I, 2014-I, 2011-II, 2007-I, 2009-I*, 2014-II)
Circle of Willis (2019-II, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2004-I, 2009-I, 2003-II)
Corpus callosum (2017-II, 2004-I, 2015-I, 2013-I, 2010-I, 2006-I)
T.S. Of medulla oblongata at level of pyramidal decussstion (2017-II)
Difference – Upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron (2015-I*)
Wallenberg syndrome (2018-II*) Inferior cerebellar peduncle (2012-I, 2003-II)
Lateral medullary syndrome (2015-II*, 2005-I*) Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere (2012-I)
Lower motor neuron (2019-I) Track of proprioceptive sensation (2012-I)
Cerebellar syndrome (2017-II) Motor speech area (2011-II)
Visual pathway (2019-II*) Hypoglossal nerve (2011-I*)
Corpus striatum (2018-I*) Blood supply of spinal cord (2011-I)
Blood supply of cerebellum (2017-II) Broca’s area (2010-I)
Folds of Dura matter (2017-I) Blood supply of internal capsule (2009-II)
Cerebellar Nuclei (2017-I) Anterior horn of lateral ventricle (2009-I)
Cervical sympathetic trunk (2016-II*) Medial medullary syndrome (2009-I, 2008-II)
Fornix (2016-II, 2017-II, 2004-I) Nerve supply of tongue ((2019-I*, 2008-II)
Facial nerve (2016-II*) Wernicke’s area (2008-II)
Neural tube defect Amygdaloid body (2007-II)
Pyramidal track (2016-I, 2009-II) Pineal body (2007-II)
Auditory pathway (2015-II, 2011-I) Middle cerebral artery (2007-I)
3rd ventricle (2018-II, 2015-II, 2015-I, 2012-II) Parts and function of basal ganglia (2016-II)
Lumber puncture (2014-II*) Medial lamniscus (2005-II, 2003-I)
Functional area of brain (2014-II) Motor area of cerebrum (2005-I)
Basal Nuclei (2014-I*) Lateral geniculate body (2005-I)
Red nucleus (2014-I, 2013-II, 2005-II) Blood vessels of the brain (2003-I*)
Spinal cord (2013-II, 2010-I*) Cisterns (2018-II)
Lateral ventricle (2013-II) Subarachnoid cisterns (2003-I)
Inferior horn of lateral ventricle (2019-I) Caudate nucleus (2004-I, 2003-I)
Cerebellum (2013-I*, 2009-II*) Substansia nigra (2004-II)
Medical longitudinal fassiculus (2013-I) Saturday palsy (2007-II)
Association fibers (2012-II) Fallot’s tetralogy (2006-II*)
 Head And neck
SCALP (2012-II*, 2011-II*)
Extra ocular muscles (2019-I, 2017-II)
Cartilages of larynx (2019-I)
Muscles of pharynx (2019-I)
Falx cerebri (2018-I)
Black eye (2015-II*)
Digastrics triangle (2014-I)
Organ of corti (2018-I)
Palatine tonsil (2019-II*)
Tympanic membrane (2018-II, 2004-II, 2017-II)
Supraclavicular triangle (2017-I*)
Action and nerve supply / muscles of mastication (2019-II, 2017-I, 2015-II)
Connection of cillary ganglion (2017-I)
Layer of retina (2017-I)
Meddle ear cavity (2016-II*)
Nerve supply and Blood supply of larynx (2016-II)
Sternocledomastoid muscle (2016-II, 2013-II, 2008-II)
Lateral wall of Nose / Nasal cavity (2019-II, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2012-II)
Bell’s palsy (2016-I*, 2007-I*, 2005-I*)
Posterior triangle of neck (2016-I, 2015-II, 2003-I*)
Arterial supply of thyroid gland (2016-I, 2003-II)
Cavernous sinus (2018-II, 2016-I, 2014-I*, 2013-II)
Movement of Eyeball (2015-II)
Dangerous area of face (2015-I*, 2009-II, 2007-I*, 2006-II*)
Pterygo palatine ganglion (2015-I)
Intrinsic muscle of tongue (2015-I)
Carotid triangle (2019-II, 2015-I)
Thyroid gland (2018-I*, 2017-II, 2014-II*, 2011-II*, 2011-I*, 2009-II*, 2006-II)
Otic ganglion (2014-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2007-I, 2005-I)
Lymphatic drainage of tongue (2014-II, 2003-II)
Ansacervicalis (2014-II, 2009-I, 2007-I)
Nerve supply of Parotid gland (2014-I)
Facial nerve (2013-II*, 2010-I*, 2006-I*)
External carotid artery (2013-II, 2012-I)
Parotid gland (2018-II*, 2013-I*, 2010-I, 2008-II)
Lateral pterygoid Muscle (2013-I)
Nerve supply of tongue (2013-I, 2006-II, 2003-II)
Masseter muscle (2012-II, 2009-II)
Middle meningeal artery (2012-I*)
Posterior belly of digastrics muscle (2012-I)
Buccinators muscle (2011-II, 2009-I)
Superior cervical ganglia (2012-I*)
Cervical sympathetic ganglia (2007-II)
Nerve supply of parotid gland (2007-II)
Lymphatics drainage of tongue (2007-I)
Carotid sheath (2011-II, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2006-I)
Nerve supply of face (2011-I, 2005-II, 2007-II*)
Chorda tympani nerve (2007-II, 2005-II, 2004-II)
Actions of extra ocular muscles (2006-II, 2004-II)
Roof of posterior triangle piercing (2004-II*)
Eustachian tube (2004-II*)
Facial artery in face (2011-II)
Dacryocystitis (2006-I*)
Soft palate (2006-I)
Superior orbital fissure (2006-I)
Killian dehiscence (2005-II)
Horner’s syndrome (2005-II)
Mylohoid muscle (2005-I)
Vocal cord (2005-I)
Posterior triangle (2011-I)
Prevertebral fascia (2010-I)
Maxillary sinus (2018-II, 2009-I*)
Superior sagittial sinus (2009-I)
Lingual nerve (2008-II)
Nasal septum (2004-I)
Sigmoid sinus (2008-II)
Inferior alveolar nerve (2004-I)
Epicranial aponuerosis
Auditory tube (2003-I)
Pterion (2003-II*)
Diagastric muscles (2005-II)
Emissary vein (2004-I*)
Surgical anatomy recurrent laryngeal nerve (2004-I*)
Hypoglossus and its relations (2004-I)
Muscle acting at tempomendibular joint (2003-I, 2003-II)
 Embryology
Corpus luteum (2017-II)
Notochord (2018-II, 2019-II, 2017-II, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2009-I, 2004-II)
Derivatives of 1st Phyrangeal arches (2017-II, 2015-I, 2004-I)
Tertiary chronic villus (2018-II,)
Cleft palate (2018-II, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2014-II, 2007-II)
Development of Face (2017-I, 2013-II, 2011-I, 2010-I, 2009-I, 2006-II)
Fertilization (2016-II, 2015-II, 2006-I, 2005-I)
Primitive streak (2018-I, 2016-I, 2013-I, 2012-II, 2011-I, 2009-II)
Development of tongue (2019-II, 2018-II, 2018-I, 2015-II, 2012-II, 2011-II, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2006-I,
2005-I)
Neural crest derivatives (2015-II, 2006-II, 2005-I, 2003-II, 2009-II)
Implantation (2019-II, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2011-I, 2004-I)
Development of 2nd pharangeal arch (2019-II, 2018-I, 2014-II)
Intraembriyonic mesoderme (2014-I, 2004-I)
Neural tube (2014-I)
Development of thymus (2014-I)
Superior parathyroid gland (2014-I, 2003-I)
Development of parathyroid gland (2019-I)
Placenta (2013-II)
Palate (2013-II, 2012-II, 2006-II, 2005-II)
Development of thyroid gland (2013-I, 2012-I, 2010-I, 2009-I, 2007-II, 2004-II, 2006-I, 2007-I)
Pituitary gland (2003-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2004-II, 2005-II)
Meckel’s diverticulum (2017-I) Chorion (2008-II)
Stages of spermatogenesis (2018-I, 2017-I) Allantois (2008-II)
Function of placenta (2016-II) Development of tonsil (2008-II)
Anencephaly (2016-II) Oogenesis (2007-II)
Somites (2015-I, 2008-II) Parthenogenesis (2007-II)
Cleft lip (2015-I) Structure of sperm (2007-I)
Type of placenta (2014-II) Capacitation (2019-I, 2007-I)
Brachial cyst (2019-I) Dacidual reaction (2019-I)
Development of vertebra (2016-II) Hare lip (2007-I)
Placental circulation (2016-I, 2003-II) Germ layer’s (2006-II)
Placental previa (2015-II) Cleavage (2005-II)
Graffian follicles (2012-II) Syncytio- trophoblast (2005-II)
Syncytium (2012-I) Retina (2005-I)
Blastocyst (2012-I, 2011-II, 2006-I, 2003-I) Amniotic Fluid (2004-II)
Yolksac (2011-II) Derivative of 2nd brachial arch (2003-II)
Feato placental barrier (2010-I) Foetal age estimation (2003-I)
Chorionic frondosum (2010-I) Cerebellum (2003-I)
Deciduas (2009-I) Neural tube defect (2016-I)
 Histology
Spinal ganglion (2013-II, 2012-II, 2003-I)
Eyelid (2003-I)
Parotid gland (2018-I, 2009-I, 2003-II)
Cerebral cortex (2003-II)
Cerebrum (2019-II, 2017-II, 2014-II, 2007-I)
Thyroid Gland (2019-II, 2015-I, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2004-I)
Hypophysis cerebri / pituitary gland (2009-I, 2007-I, 2004-I, 2015-II)
Retina (2013-II, 2004-II)
Tongue (2016-I, 2004-II)
Tonsil (2014-II, 2011-I, 2005-I)
Cerebellum (2018-II, 2015-I, 2012-I, 2011-I, 2006-II, 2005-I)
Trachea (2019-I, 2005-II)
Sensory ganglion (2005-II)
Palatine tonsil (2018-II, 2014-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2006-I)
Sympathetic ganglia (2006-I)
Thymus (2006-II)
Mixed salivary gland (2017-II)
Adipose tissue (2007-II)
Parathyroid gland (2007-II)
Sublingual gland (2008-II)
Submandibular gland (2019-I, 2009-II)
Lymph node (2010-I)
Circum vallate papilla of tongue cornea (2011-II)
cerebellar cortex (2013-I)
Nerve trunk (2014-I)
Spinal cord (2018-I, 2016-I)
Fibers of connective tissue (2017-I)
Bone (2017-I)
 General anatomy
Epiphysis (2017-II, 2014-II, 2008-II, 2011-II, 2010-I, 2004-I, 2005-I, 2006-I, 2007-I)
Fibrous joint (2012-I, 2006-II)
Deep fascia (2012-I)
Cartilaginous joint (2005-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Blood supply of long bone (2019-II, 2017-I, 2014-II, 2007-I)
Anastomosis (2007-II, 2005-II)
Appendages of skin
Classification of bones (2018-I)
Classification of joints (2018-II)
Parts of growing bone (2018-I, 2017-II)
Seasmoid bone (2015-II, 2015-I, 2013-I)
Portal circulation (2015-I)
Fontanelles (2014-I)
Classification of synovial joint (2019-I, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2013-II, 2011-I, 2006-II)
Pneumatic bone (2013-II)
Arterial anastomosis (2012-II)
Arteriovenous shunt (2019-I)
Prime movers (2012-II, 2009-II)
Synergists (2009-I)
Sutural joints (2009-I)
Sinusoid (2007-II, 2004-II)
Neuroglia (2005-I)
Law of ossification (2016-II)
Cells of connective tissue (2016-II, 2004-I)
Superficial fascia (2016-I)
Voluntary muscles (2010-I)
End artery (2019-II, 2008-II)
Carrying angle (2014-I)
Loose areoler tissue (2003-II)
Periosteum (2004-II)
Calcarfemorale (2011-I)
Endochondral ossification (2003-II)
Typical spinal nerve (2006-I)
Synovial membrane (2003-II)
Uniaxial joint (2003-I)
Anatomy
Paper -2
 Lower Limb

Foot drop (2016-II *)

Trendelenburgsign (2016-I *, 2005-II *)
Inguinal lymph node (2007-I *)
Knee joint (2019-II *, 2015-I *, 2010-I *, 2008-II *)
Sciatic nerve (2014-II *, 2013-I *, 2009-II *)
Perforating veins of LL (2012-II *)
Arches of foot / Medial longitudinal arch of Foot (2012-I *, 2003-I * / 2018-II *, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2013-I,
2003-II, 2006-II)
Factor responsible for venous drainage of L.L. (2008-I, 2006-II, 2011-I)
Locking and unlocking movements of knee joint (2009-I, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2010-II, 2010-I)
Femoral triangle (2019-II, 2017-II, 2014-II, 2005-I *, 2017-I *)
Inversion of foot / Inversion and eversion of foot (2009-II, 2012-II / 2019-II, 2011-I, 2018-I)
Great saphenous vein (2018-I, 2017-I, 2010-II, 2016-II)
Deep peroneal nerve (2005-II, 2007-I, 2014-I *, 2010-II *)
Adductor canal (2019-I, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2006-I, 2008-I)
Obturator nerve (2003-I, 2004-I, 2006-II)
Cruciate ligaments (2014-I, 2005-I, 2007-II, 2008-II)
Popliteus muscle (2013-I, 2003-I, 2003-II, 2005-II)
Blood supply of head of femur (2003-I)
Subtalar joint and its movement (2017-I, 2015-II)
Structure at the apex of femoral triangle (2017-I *)
Semilunar cartilages of knee (2004-I)
Dorsalis pedis artery (2018-II, 2014-I, 2011-II, 2004-I, 2005-II)
Movement of knee joint (2004-II) Flexor retinaculum of foot (2007-I)
Superficial peroneal nerve (2004-II) Sustentaculum tali (2007-II)
Profunda femoris artery (2013-II, 2005-I) Peroneal artery (2007-II)
Lateral planter nerve (2005-I) Round ligaments (2008-II)
Flexor digitorum accessories (2006-I) Saphaneous opening (2008-II)
Adductor magnus muscle (2009-II) Gluteus maximus (2018-II, 2019-II, 2012-II, 2009-I)
Superficial inguinal lymph node (2009-II) Spring ligament (2009-I)
Soleus muscle (2010-I) Sartorius muscle (2011-II)
Femoral nerve (2017-I, 2010-I) Medial ligament of knee joint (2011-II)
Rectus femoris muscle (2010-II) Menisci of knee joint (2017-II, 2015-I, 2012-I)
Popliteal fossa (2019-I, 2014-I) Lateral rotator of hip joint (2012-I)
Popliteal artery (2018-I) Common peroneal nerve (2018-II, 2012-II)
Ankle joint (2015-I) Retinacula at ankle (2013-II)
Action of hip joint (2016-II, 2013-II *) Veins of LL (2011-II *, 2009-I *)
Formation of arches (2016-II) Femoral sheath (2011-I *, 2007-II *, 2018-I *)
Hamstring muscle (2019-I, 2015-II) Femoral canal (2006-II *, 2008-I *)
Ligament of knee joint (2013-II) Pectinate line (2006-I *)
Ligaments of hip joint (2014-II, 2007-I, 2008-I) Talipes equinovarus. (2004-II *)
 Thorax

Azygos vein (2017-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2010-I, 2008-I, 2006-II, 2004-I, 2005-I, 2003-I)
Bronchopulmonary segment (2019-II, 2018-I *, 2011-II *, 2006-II, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2013-I,
2009-II, 2011-I, 2003-II, 2005-II)
Lines of pleural reflection (2017-I)
Sympathetic splenic nerves (2017-I)
Veins of heart (2016-II, 2015-I)
Sternocostal surface of heart (2018-I)
Recesses of pleura (2016-II, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2010-II, 2003-I)
Buckets handle movement (2016-II)
Right atrium / Its Interior (2018-II, 2007-II, 2016-I, 2008-II, 2003-II / 2013-II, 2012-I, 2009-II, 2006-II)
Apex of heart (2015-II)
Coronary artery / Right coronary artery (2015-II, 2009-I, 2007-I, 2012-I *, 2003-I * / 2012-II, 2007-I)
Typical Intercostals space (2019-I, 2015-I, 2013-II)
Hilum of lung (2015-I, 2011-II)
Blood supply of heart (2019-II, 2014-II)
Sibson’s fascia (2014-I, 2010-I)
Coronary sinus (2005-II, 2014-I, 2011-II, 2011-I, 2008-I)
Arch of aorta (2007-I, 2014-I, 2010-I, 2010-II, 2005-I)
Movement of ribs in respiration (2013-I, 2012-II)
Typical intercostals nerve (2011-I *, 2010-I *, 2008-II *, 2013-I, 124, 2007-II)
Intercostal nerve (2018-I)
Mediastinum surface of right lung (2012-I)
Difference Right bronchus and left bronchus (2012-I)
Sinus of pericardium / Oblique sinus of pericardium (2011-II, 2004-I, 2007-II * / 2017-I)
Mediastinum / Superior Mediastinum (2013-I *, 2009-I * / 2014-II, 2010-II, 2004-II)
Angle of Louis / Sternal angle (2008-II / 2018-I *)
Thoracic duct (2018-II, 2019-II, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2009-I *)
Suprapleural membrane (2009-I) Costo diaphragmatic recess (2004-II, 2007-I *)
Movements of respirations (2009-I) Major opening of diaphragm (2004-I)
Principal bronchi Right and left (2008-II) Intervertebral disc (2003-I)
External intercostals muscle (2008-I) Pleural cavity (2016-II *)
Nerve supply of heart (2007-II) Pericardium (2019-I *, 2015-I *, 2010-II *)
Intercostal artery (2007-I) Thoracic cage (2013-II *)
Aperture in diaphragm (2006-I) Cervical rib (2012-II *)
Root of the lung (2006-I) Pleura (2018-II, 2019-II *, 2009-II *, 2005-I *)
Interatrial septum (2006-I) Coronary angiography (2006-I *)
Internal thoracic artery (2005-II, 2004-II)
 Abdomen and pelvis

Vermiform appendix (2017-II *, 2008-I *)

Hemorrhoids (2018-II *, 2016-I *)
Varicose ulcer (2015-II *)
Stomach (2013-I *, 2014-II *)
Pancreas (2014-I *, 2012-II *)
Thoracoabdominal diaphragm (2013-II *)
Prostate (2019-I, 2011-I *, 2010-I *)
Kidney (2010-II *)
Uterus (2009-II *)
Anal canal (2019-II *, 2019-I, 2005-I *, 2008-II *)
Recto uterine pouch of douglas (2019-I *, 2006-II *)
Descent of testis and its anomalies (2004-I *)
Boundaries of epiploic foramen (2004-I *)
Pampiniform plexus (2003-II *)
Renal angle (2003-II *)
Right lobe of liver (2004-II *)
Peritoneal recesses (2004-II *)
Meckel’s diverticulum (2005-II *, 2006-II *)
2nd part of duodenum (2019-II, 2017-II, 2013-II, 2011-II *)
Fibromuscular supports of uterus (2017-II)
Anal sphincters (2017-II)
Urogenital diaphragm / Pelvic diaphragm (2018-II, 2017-I, 2016-I, 2014-I)
Nerves of lumber plexus (2017-I)
Descent of testis (2017-I)
Hernia / Inguinal hernia / Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (2016-II / 2015-II */ 2017-I *)
Relations and applied of spleen (2016-II)
Ligament of uterus (2016-II, 2011-II)
Supports of the uterus (2019-II, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2009-I, 2004-I *)
Inguinal canal (2019-I *, 2016-II *, 2017-II *, 2009-I *, 2014-II *, 2016-I, 2014-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2003-I)
Relations of right kidney / Anterior / posterior (2016-I / 2018-I / 2014-II)
Various shape of bony pelvis (2007-II)
Anatomical position of uterus (2007-I)
Lesser sac of peritoneum / Omental bursa (2015-II, 2015-I, 2010-II, 2007-I * / 2019-I)
Greater omentum (2018-I *)
Portal vein (2015-II, 2013-I, 2012-I *, 2003-I *)
Superficial perineal pouch (2015-I, 2012-I, 2009-II, 2006-I, 2007-I, 2014-I *)
Segment of liver (2015-I)
Rectus sheath (2014-II, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Deep perineal pouch (2014-II, 2004-I)
Lymphatic drainage of stomach (2014-I, 2011-I)
Ureter (2013-II)
Ischiorectal fossa / Ischioanal fossa (2019-II, 2018-I, 2015-I *, 2013-I, 2011-I, 2008-I, 2006-II, 2005-II,
2004-II, 2003-II, 2003-I)
Urinary bladder (2013-I)
Superior mesenteric artery (2012-II)
Male urethra (2012-II, 2006-I, 2005-I)
Ovary (2012-I)
Mesentery (2011-II, 2007-II, 2004-II)
Portocaval anastomosis / Portosystemic anastomosis (2011-I / 2003-II *, 2017-II *, 2017-I *)
Bare area of liver (2011-I)
Relations of urinary bladder (2010-II)
Hepatorenal pouch (2010-I, 2009-I, 2004-II, 2003-II, 2006-I *, 2007-II *)
Vascular segment of kidney (2010-I)
Fallopian tube (2010-I, 2003-I)
Opening of thoracoabdominal diaphragm (2009-II)
Celiac axis artery (2009-I)
Left ureter in female (2008-II)
Levator ani muscle (2008-II)
Blood supply of suprarenal gland (2008-II)
Blood supply of stomach (2018-II, 2008-I)
Uterine tubes (2018-II, 2008-I, 2005-II)
4th part of duodenum (2007-II)
Alcock’s canal (2007-II)
Relation of common bile duct (2007-I)
Stomach bed (2007-I)
Lobes and interior of prostate gland (2018-I, 2006-II)
Blood supply of spleen (2006-II)
Epiploic foramen (2006-I)
1st part of duodenum (2005-II)
Gall bladder (2005-I)
Right suprarenal gland (2005-I)
Extra hepatic billiary apparatus (2004-I)
Inferior mesenteric artery (2004-I)
Oesophageal hiatus (2003-II)
 Genetics
Genes
Karyotype / Karyotyping (2019-II, 2003-I, 2011-II, 2006-I, 2016-I, 2012-I, 2010-I, 2006-II, 2009-I)
Down’s syndrome (2018-II, 2019-II, 2009-I, 2003-II, 2008-I, 2010-II, 2006-II, 2017-I, 2012-II, 2016-I,
2014-I)
Klinefelter’s syndrome (2018-I, 2008-II, 2004-I, 2006-I, 2007-I, 2014-II, 2010-I)
Turner’s syndrome (2019-I, 2007-I, 2017-II, 2013-II, 2011-I, 2009-II)
Linked inheritance (2003-II)
Barr bodies (2018-II, 2018-I, 2014-I, 2012-I, 2011-II, 2011-I)
Mendel’s law of probability / Inheritance (2007-II / 2019-I)
Autosomal dominant inheritance (2009-I, 2010-II)
Numerical abnormalities of chromosomes (2004-II, 2013-I)
DNA (2004-II) Trisomy (2015-I, 2012-I, 2011-II)
r-DNA (2005-I, 2008-II) Non- disjunction (2012-II)
Holandric inheritance (2005-I) Structural anomalies of chromosome (2013-I)
Polygenic inheritance (2005-II) Genetic counseling (2013-II, 2009-II)
Twinning (2018-II, 2005-II) Prader willi syndrome (2015-I)
Genetic code (2007-II) Lyon’s hypothesis (2015-II, 2009-II)
Sex chromosomes (2004-I, 2014-II, 2003-I) Mosaicism (2015-II)
Cloning (2008-I) Classification of chromosome (2016-II, 2017-I)
Mutation (2008-II, 2016-II, 2012-I, 2011-II) Translocation of chromosome (2017-II)
Autosomal recessive inheritance (2011-I) Transplantation of chromosome (2011-I)
X-linked recessive inheritance (2015-II) Sex chromatin (2010-II)

Family welfare
Prenatal counseling (2017-II, 2017-I, 2015-II)
Tubectomy (2019-I, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2010-I, 2007-I)
Vasectomy (2018-II, 2019-II, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2005-I, 2006-II, 2007-II)
Anatomical basis of permanent contraceptive method (2004-I)
Anatomical basis of temporary contraceptive methods (2003-II)
In vitro fertilization (2019-II, 2003-I) Contraceptives (2013-II, 2006-I, 2008-I)
Polio vaccine (2003-I) Test tube baby (2013-I)
Tests of infertility (2016-I) Amniocentesis (2018-I, 2013-I, 2012-II)
Male sterilization (2015-II) Surrogate mother (2012-II)
Identical Twin (2019-I) Prenatal diagnosis (2010-II, 2009-I)
Oligospermia (2015-I) Safe period (2010-I, 2005-II, 2006-II)
Tubal ligation (2014-II) Ultra sound sonography (2008-II)
Hydraamnios (2014-I) Urbanization and health (2008-I)
Oligoaminos (2014-I) Intra uterine contraceptive devices (2004-II)
 Histology

Trachea (2019-II, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2014-I, 2007-I, 2003-I)

Pancreas (2013-II, 2011-II, 2003-I)
Cardiac muscles (2003-II)
Liver (2019-II, 2018-I, 2015-II, 2013-I, 2010-I, 2003-II, 2010-II)
Skeletal muscles (2004-I)
Ovary (2009-I, 2006-II, 2004-I)
Gall bladder (2005-II, 2004-II)
Suprarenal glands (2006-II, 2004-II)
Duodenum (2015-I, 2012-II, 2009-I, 2005-I)
Ureter (2014-I, 2012-I, 2005-I)
Appendix (2009-II, 2005-II)
Kidney (2016-II, 2009-II, 2006-I)
Oesophagus (2018-II, 2016-I, 2011-I, 2008-I, 2006-I)
Spleen (2019-I, 2007-I)
Large intestine (2014-II, 2007-II)
Uterus (2007-II)
Lungs / Borders and surface of lung (2018-I, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2010-I, 2008-I / 2019-I)
Differences- Right and Left ventricles (2019-I)
Inferior venacava (2008-II)
Body of stomach (2008-II)
Overy duct / fallopian tube (2010-II)
Urinary bladder (2011-I)
Vas deferences (2011-II)
Thymus (2019-I, 2012-II)
Aorta (2015-I)
Fundus of stomach (2017-II, 2015-II)
Epiglottis (2018-II, 2016-II)
Lymph nodes (2017-I)
Appendages of skin (2017-I)
 Embryology

Development of Right atrium (2019-II, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2014-II)

Rotation of guts / Midgut (2017-II / 2012-I, 2016-II, 2009-I)
Development of adrenal gland (2017-I, 2015-II, 2009-II, 2008-II)
Paramesonephric duct (2016-II)
Mesonephric duct (2018-I, 2016-I)
Development of interventricular septum (2019-I, 2016-I, 2003-II)
Development of diaphragm (2015-II, 2010-I, 2007-I, 2008-I)
Development of interatrial septum (2018-I, 2015-I, 2004-I)
Descent of testis (2015-I, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2003-I, 2005-II, 2007-II)
Development of pancreas (2018-II, 2019-II, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2008-I, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2005-II, 2007-I)
Annular pancreas (2019-I)
Development of vertebral artery (2014-I)
Liver (2014-I)
Development of testis (2013-II)
Development of kidney (2012-I, 2005-I, 2009-I)
Development of arch of aorta (2013-I)
Fallot’s tetrology (2012-II)
Development of urinary bladder (2018-II, 2011-II, 2004-I)
Development of uterus (2011-II, 2010-I)
Development of vagina (2011-I)
Development of duodenum (2010-II, 2006-II)
Development of ureter (2010-II)
Development of ovary (2008-II)
Development of spleen (2007-II)
Development of urethra (2006-II)
Development of cloaca (2006-I)
Development of portal vein (2006-I)
Development of omphalocele (2005-I)
Development of physiological hernia (2003-II)
Development of sinus venosus (2003-I)
Physiology
Paper -1
 Blood

Function of lymph (2017-II)

Hazards of mismatched transfusion (2017-II, 2016-I, 2014-I, 2013-II *, 2007-II *, 2004-I *)
Erythropoiesis - Sites, Stages, Regulating & maturation factors (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2013-I,
2012-II, 2007-I, 2010-II, 2003-II)
Cell mediated immunity (2017-I, 2015-I, 2004-I, 2017-II *, 2012-II *)
Homeostasis (2017-I)
Dimorphic anemia (2018-I *)
Rh system (2019-I *, 2018-II *, 2017-I, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2014-II, 2011-II, 2015-I *, 2008-II)
Functions of WBC, Morphology (2016-II, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2008-I, 2007-I, 2006-I)
ESR (2006-I *, 2008-I *, 2016-II, 2013-II, 2011-II, 2010-I, 2005-I)
Plasma protein – functions and value (2018-II, 2016-II, 2015-II, 2015-I, 2014-I, 2010-II, 2008-II,
2007-II, 2005-I, 2003-I, 2003-II)
In vivo anticoagulant & explain the mechanism (2016-I)
Extrinsic mechanism of initiation of clotting (2016-II *, 2012-I, 2016-I)
Formation of Platelets plug / temporary hemostatic plug (2006-II, 2014-II)
Structure & function of IgG (2014-II)
Catabolism / fate of hemoglobin (2018-II, 2014-II, 2011-I)
Microcytic hypochromic anemia (2014-I)
T lymphocytes mediated immune response (2019-I *, 2013-II, 2010-I)
Erythroblastosis fetalis (2013-I, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2008-I, 2014-I)
Haemophillia (2013-I)
Anticoagulants / Intravascular anticoagulants (2018-I, 2012-II, 2007-II)
Hemolytic disease of newborn (2012-II)
Discovery of Landsteiner (2012-I, 2009-I)
Function, Structure, Endocrine functions of platelets (2011-II, 2011-I, 2004-I, 2016-I *, 2009-II)
Macrophase and neutrophil response during inflammation (2006-II)
M.C.H.C [Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration] (2003-I)
Immunoglobulin (2018-II, 2003-I, 2009-II)
Mechanisms of actions of antibodies (2018-I)
Fibrinolytic system (2006-I)
Describe the role of liver & Vitamin K in clotting (2003-II *)
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (2011-I *)
Innate immunity (2012-I *)
Mechanism of regulation of ECF volume & tonicity (2013-I *)
Pernicious anemia _ causes, clinical, features, management (2019-I *, 2014-II *)
Hemolytic anemia – cause, clinical, feature, management (2015-II *)
Intrinsic clotting pathway (2011-I, 2007-I)
Haemostatic function tests (2010-I) Jaundice (2005-I *)
Megaloblatic anemia (2009-II, 2008-II) Blood coagulation tests (2010-II *, 2007-I *)
Thalassemias (2009-I, 2008-I) Anemias (2007-I *)
Organelles present in platelets (2009-I) Purpura (2008-II *)
Colony stimulating factors (2007-II) How RBCs get energy (2009-I *)
Role of erythropoietin (2006-II) Function of hemoglobin (2005-I)
Blood group (2006-I) Morphology & Functions of RBCs (2003-I *)
Genesis of prothrombin activator (2004-I) Anemias – Iron deficiency anemia (2017-I *)
Role of leucocytes in defense (2003-II) Humoral immunity (2011-II)
Thrombocytopenic purpura (2016-I *)
 Urinary system

Micturition (2019-I, 2017-II, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2010-II, 2008-I, 2006-I)

Abnormality of micturition (2018-II *)
Non- excretory function of kidney (2017-II)
Auto regulation of renal blood flow (2017-II, 2006-II, 2011-II *)
Renal function test (2017-I *, 2007-II *, 2006-I *)
Juxta glomerular apparatus JGA and its function (2006-I, 2017-I, 2016-I, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2009-II, 2003-I,
2007-II, 2004-I, 2014-I)
Cystometrogram (2017-I, 2013-I, 2011-I)
Role of kidney in acid base balance (2017-I)
Counter-current multiplier (2018-I, 2016-II, 2014-I, 2012-II, 2007-II, 2009-II)
Structure and type of nephrone (2016-II)
Filtration pressure and determined (2016-I)
Function, Structure, Role of skin in heat loss and temperature regulation (2013-II, 2016-I, 2015-I,
2008-II, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Function of Proximal convoluted tubule PCT (2016-I, 2015-I, 2008-II)
Renal glucosuria (2016-I)
Difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephron (2018-II)
Transport maximum (2018-II, 2015-II)
Renin angiotensin system (2018-II, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2016-II)
Filtration fraction (2015-II, 2011-I *)
Tubule glomerular feedback mechanism (2010-I, 2014-II)
GFR & factor affecting, autoregulation (2019-I, 2018-I, 2014-I, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2009-I,
2007-I)
Factors affecting body temperature (2012-II)
Transport maximum of glucose TmG (2011-II)
Artificial kidney and clinical significance (2003-II)
Sweat glands / Sweating and regulation (2010-II / 2006-II)
Solute and water transport in loop of Henle (2006-II)
Various glands of skin and secretion (2009-I)
Plasma clearance (2019-I) Juxta medullary nephrone (2008-II)
Function of renal tubule (2013-II) Dialysis (2008-I)
Osmoreceptor (2018-I) Inulin clearance test (2008-I)
Automatic bladder (2010-I *) Renal circulations (2007-II)
Pyrexia (2012-I) Tubular maximum (2007-I)
Reabsorption of water (2011-II) Diuretics (2005-I)
Hypothermia (2011-II) Tubular reabsorbtion (2005-I)
Na+ reabsorption in PCT (2011-I) Fever (2005-I)
H+ ion secretion in DCT (2011-I) Concentration of urine (2004-I, 2003-I)
Clearance tests (2010-II *, 2007-I *) Special feature of renal circulation (2003-II)
Endocrine function of skin (2010-I) Reabsorption of bicarbonate HCO3 (2003-II)
Langerhan’s cell (2009-II) Filling of urinary bladder (2003-I)
DCT (2009-I, 2004-I)
 General physiology & biophysics
Negative feedback control (2005-I, 2017-I, 2017-II)
Difference between metabotropic & Ionotropic receptors (2010-I)
Na+ - K+ pump / ATPase (2018-II, 2006-I, 2008-II, 2013-II, 2014-II, 2016-II *)
Secondary active transport / active transport (2006-II, 2011-I, 2013-I, 2015-II / 2019-I, 2008-I, 2017-II)
Enumerate different transport mechanism across cell membrane (2015-I)
Mechanism of neuro-muscular transmission with the help of diagram (2014-I)
All or none response (2018-II)
Ionic basis of different phase of action potential in Nerve fibers (2013-I *)
Action potential in myelinated nerve fiber (2010-I)
Cell membrane & transportation theory (2007-II, 2010-II, 2013-II)
Resting membrane potential RMP (2018-I, 2007-I, 2011-II, 2015-I)
Effect of lower osmotic pressure (2009-I)
Factors responsible for increased fragility of RBCs (2009-I)
Reticuloendothelial system of the body (2014-I)
Cell adhesion molecules (2006-II, 2010-II)
Homeostatic feedback control (2011-II)
Positive feedback mechanism (2012-I)
Passive transport (2007-I) Endoplasmic reticulum (2004-I, 2008-I)
Action potential (2019-I, 2007-II, 2011-I) Laplace’s law (2004-I)
Phagocytosis (2009-II, 2015-II) Anion gap (2010-I)
Apoptosis (2012-II) Gap junctions (2006-I, 2016-I)
Refractory period (2012-II, 2015-II) Osmosis (2005-I, 2008-II, 2016-II)
Axon reflex (2014-II) Diffusion (2014-II)
Genes (2003-I) Facilitated diffusion (2018-I, 2016-I)
Ribosomes (2003-I) Mitochondria (2016-II)
Lysosome (2003-II) Function of plasma membrane (2017-I)
Surface tension (2003-II) Transport through cell membrane (2014-I *)

Environmental physiology

Respiratory changes during exercise (2018-I, 2017-II, 2015-I, 2013-I, 2011-II)

Acclimatization / at high attitude (2016-I, 2015-II, 2014-I / 2013-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2004-I)
Caisson’s disease (2012-II, 2016-I *, 2014-II, 2010-I, 2003-II)
Decompression sickness (2015-I, 2008-II *, 2011-II, 2006-II, 2007-II)
CVS changes during exercise mild, moderate, severe (2017-I, 2004-I, 2008-II, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2007-I)
Skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise (2010-II, 2006-II)
Mountain sickness, Acute (2019-I, 2008-I, 2008-II, 2005-I, 2003-II, 2009-I *)
Use of echo-cardiographs in learning physiology (2009-I)
Oxygen deficit & Oxygen debt (2018-II, 2012-I, 2005-I)
Compensatory mechanism of acclimatization (2008-II, 2006-I)
Ventilatory regulation during exercise (2007-II) Method to measure cardiac output (2009-II)
SCUBA diving (2017-I) Oxygen toxicity at high pressure (2019-I)
Nitrogen narcosis (2018-I) Benefits of exercise (2007-II)
Effect of high attitude on RS & CVS (2016-II) Heat stroke (2007-II, 2005-I)
Sleep apnoea syndrome (2014-I) Heat loss mechanism of body (2003-II)
Step of skeletal muscle contraction (2011-I) Increase heart rate during exercise (2006-I)
 Cardio – vascular system
Baroreceptor regulation (2017-II, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2012-II *)
Coronary circulation, regulation, special features (2017-II, 2013-II *, 2012-II, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2007-I,
2006-I, 2016-I)
Pacemaker potential (2018-I, 2017-II, 2008-II, 2006-II)
Role of RAAS in arterial pressure control (2018-I)
Short term regulation of BP (2004-I, 2017-I *, 2015-II, 2012-I *, 2008-I)
ECG, its leads (2010-II *, 2006-II *, 2017-I, 2015-I *, 2003-I)
Factor affecting systolic blood pressure (2016-II *)
Blood pressure – definition, determinant (2018-II, 2015-II *, 2016-II *)
Factors influencing venous return (2017-I)
Effect of posture on BP (2019-I)
Conduction pathway of cardiac impulse / conducting system of heart (2010-II, 2016-II, 2012-II /
2016-I)
Cardiac output – Regulating factors, measurement method (2018-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2007-I, 2013-I *,
2006-I *, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Homeometric &Heterometric regulation of Cardiac Output (2016-I, 2011-I)
Shock – defi, type, compensatory mechanism (2019-I *, 2018-I *, 2015-II)
Different phase / Pressure & volume changes during cardiac cycle (2010-I / 2019-I, 2005-I, 2007-I,
2008-I, 2009-I, 2011-II *)
Compensatory mechanism in non – progressive shock (2015-II)
Compensatory mechanism in cardiovascular shock (2003-II *)
Hypovolemic shock – defi, cause, stage compensatory mechanism (2014-II *)
Generalized edema in right ventricular failure (2004-I *)
After taking Penicillin goes in state of shock – what type of shock –explain (2017-II *)
Physiological profile of action potential in cardiac myocytes (2009-II)
Decreased blood flow in left ventricle wall during systole (2015-II)
Jugular venous pulse pressure wave pattern in relation of cardiac cycle (2006-I, 2010-I)
Heart sound (2013-II, 2008-II, 2007-II, 2005-I, 2003-II)
Events during left ventricular systole–pressure, volume, cardiac cycle (2018-II, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2004-I)
Production & propagation of cardiac muscle (2015-I)
Regulation of arterial blood pressure (2006-II, 2010-II)
Action potential in cardiac muscle ion basis and diagram (2018-II, 2019-I, 2014-I *)
Physiological basis of normal ECG (2014-II, 2012-I, 2009-I)
Difference arterial & venous pulsation (2009-II *)
Microcirculation (2015-II) Frank starling law I & II (2009-II)
Significant of PR interval (2015-I) Hemorrhagic shock (2009-II)
ECG changes in myocardial infarction (2010-I) Ionic balance in resting excitable cell (2009-I)
Hypertension (2010-I, 2007-II *, 2005-I) Junctional tissue of heart (2009-I)
Ventricular diastolic phase (2014-I, 2012-II) Arterial pulse (2008-II *)
Long term regulation of BP (2014-I) Stroke volume (2008-II)
Phlebogram (2013-II) Coronary artery disease (2008-I *)
Cardiac index & method to measure it (2013-II) Action potential in ventricular muscle (2007-II)
Regulation of heart rate (2012-I, 2003-II) Windkessel vessels (2007-II)
Circulatory shock (2011-II) Hypovolemic – hemorrhagic shock (2006-II)
Cutaneous circulation (2011-II, 2003-II) Triple response (2003-II)
Fetal circulation (2011-I) Various mechanism of regulation of BP (2013-I)
Uterine circulation (2011-I) Venous return (2008-I, 2006-I, 2005-I)
Central venous pressure (2010-I *) Cerebral blood flow & its regulation (2003-I)
Bezold Jarisch reflex and significance (2010-I) Jugular venous pulse (2009-I *)
 Respiratory system
Hypoxia / Hypoxic hypoxia (2018-I *, 2017-II, 2007-I, 2014-I, 2009-II *, 2014-II *, 2003-II, 2017-I,
2016-I, 2013-I)
Mechanism of inspiration & expiration (2017-I, 2004-I)
Chemical control of breathing, respiration (2011-I, 2011-II, 2004-I)
Vital capacity (2011-I, 2008-II, 2012-I, 2016-II, 2015-I *, 2005-I)
Dead space air – volume, its measurement (2005-I, 2012-I, 2005-I)
Surfactant, pulmonary surfactant – Defi, Func, Clinical (2018-II, 2006-I, 2005-I, 2007-I, 2012-I *, 2013-I,
2008-II, 2003-I, 2016-II, 2015-II *, 2014-II)
Ventilation perfusion ratio (2018-I, 2006-I, 2011-II)
Oxygen O2 – Hb dissociation curve, factors influencing in curve (2019-I, 2016-II, 2014-I, 2004-I)
Chemoreceptor / peripheral chemoreceptor system (2012-II, 2013-II, 2014-I, 2016-I, 2015-I
/ 2006-II)
Transport of oxygen O2 into blood (2007-I, 2009-II, 2010-II, 2013-II)
Nervous regulation of respiration (2018-II, 2017-II *, 2008-I, 2009-II, 2010-II, 2012-I)
Metabolic & endocrine function of lungs (2015-II, 2010-I)
Difference between Obstructive and restrictive lung disease (2018-II *)
Diffusion of gases across respiratory membrane (2015-I *)
Lung volumes and capacities (2019-I *, 2007-I *, 2010-II, 2016-I)
Carbon dioxide CO2 transport into blood (2007-II, 2010-I, 2013-I, 2009-I)
Respiratory muscle / muscles of inspiration (2018-I, 2007-II)
Alveolar air / Alveolar ventilation (2009-I / 2012-II)
Functional Residual capacity (2009-II)
Trans pulmonary Pressure (2016-II)
Respiratory centre (2007-I, 2016-I, 2003-I)
Oxygen therapy (2018-I *)
Dysbarism (2015-II, 2013-II *)
Carbamino compounds (2003-I)
Fetal hemoglobin (2003-I)
FEV - Forced expiratory volume (2003-I)
Emphysema (2004-I *)
Timed vital capacity & Clinical (2018-II, 2009-I, 2015-II)
Herring breur reflex (2019-I, 2010-I, 2015-II)
Asphyxia & its stages (2003-I *, 2008-I)
Intrapleural pressure (2003-II, 2006-II)
J receptor (2018-I)
Peripheral chemoreceptor system (2006-II)
Assisted ventilation (2009-II)
Modern method of artificial respiration (2009-I)
Halden effect (2006-II, 2008-I)
Pulmonary function test (2008-I *)
Fetal respiration (2011-I)
Chlorine shift (2011-I, 2014-II, 2012-II)
Bohr Effect (2009-II *, 2012-II)
Lung compliance (2011-II, 2012-II *)
Draw Spirogram (2013-I) Non – respiratory function of RS (2017-I)
Neurotoxic centers (2015-I) Respiratory membrane (2019-I, 2017-I)
Hamburger’s phenomenon (2016-I) Respiratory distress syndrome (2015-I *)
Physiology
Paper -2
 Endocrine system
Cretinism (2017-II, 2017-I, 2015-II, 2006-I)
Actions of aldosterone (2017-II, 2014-II)
Action of insulin & metabolic function / Glucose regulation (2018-I, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2010-I, 2013-I,
2012-II, 2012-I)
Cushing syndrome (2017-II *, 2012-II, 2006-I)
Posterior pituitary hormone (2017-I *, 2010-II, 2004-I)
Diabetes insipidus (2017-I *, 2005-I)
Mechanism of action of GH (2017-I, 2014-II *, 2007-I)
Synthesis of thyroid hormone (2018-I, 2016-II, 2014-I, 2010-I *, 2008-I)
Feedback mechanism (2016-II)
G protein linked hormone receptors (2018-I)
Functions of corticosteroid (2016-II)
Functions, Mechanism of action of thyroid hormone (2016-I *, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2019-I *)
Hyperthyroidism (2016-I *)
Neuroendocrine reflex (2016-I)
Function, Action of parathormone (2016-I, 2010-II, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2004-I)
Effects of TSH & secretion regulation (2015-II *, 2012-II)
Metabolic function of GH (2015-II, 2015-I)
Hormone regulating calcium metabolism (2019-I, 2014-I, 2015-II, 2015-I *, 2013-II, 2008-II, 2003-II)
Tetany (2015-I *)
Pituitary dwarf / Dwarfism / genesis & feature of panhypopituitarism (2009-II, 2005-I, 2003-II *)
Mechanism of action of hormone (2019-I, 2015-I, 2007-II, 2003-II)
Hormone of adrenal cortex (2015-I)
Action of anti inflammatory effects of glucocorticoid (2013-I, 2015-I, 2004-I)
Effects of excessive – GH in adult / Acromegaly (2014-II *, 2010-I, 2005-I)
Negative feedback mechanism (2014-II)
Function of cortisol (2019-I, 2014-I)
Insulin lack in body (2014-I)
Melatonin (2013-II)
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH- SIADH (2013-I)
Addison’s disease (2012-I) GH & TH (2009-I)
Prolactin (2012-I) Hypothalamus & hormonal regulator (2009-I)
Goiters (2011-II) Thyroid function tests (2008-II *, 2007-II *)
Sympathoadrenal system (2011-II) Diabetogenic hormones (2008-II)
Rennin (2011-I) Growth factors (2008-I)
Regulation of insulin (2011-II) Sometomedins (2006-II)
Calcitonin (177, 2007-I) Antithyroid substances (2006-II *)
Oxytocin (2011-I, 2008-II, 2006-I) Somatostatin (2005-I)
Action of mineralocorticoid (2007-I) Differences diabetes mellitus & insipidus (2003-II)
Synthesis of corticosteroid (2009-II) Physiological basis of diabetes mellitus (2006-II)
Angiotensin-II (2009-II) Regulation of aldosterone secretion (2008-I)
ADH (2009-I)
 Reproductive system
Test for ovulation (2017-II, 2014-II *, 2010-II)
Ovarian hormone (2019-I)
Acrosome reaction (2018-I)
Functions of Sertoli cells (2017-II, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2009-II, 2003-II)
LH surge (2017-I, 2014-I, 2011-I, 2010-I)
Male contraceptive (2017-I, 2010-I)
Ovulation (2016-II)
Spermatogenesis / factors affecting spermatogenesis (2019-I, 2016-II, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2008-II, 2007-II,
2006-I, 2005-I)
Explain fetoplacental unit (2016-I)
Physiological actions of testosterone (2016-I, 2010-II)
Cryptochidism (2015-II)
Lactation (2015-II, 2013-II)
Function of testosterone (2015-I, 2007-I, 2004-I)
Hormonal regulation of human menstrual cycle (2015-I, 2012-I, 2003-II)
Ovarian changes during menstrual (2014-II, 2007-I)
Endocrine function of testis (2014-I)
Puberty true, pseudo, precocious (2013-I, 2012-II)
Placental hormones (2018-I, 2012-II, 2008-I, 2006-I)
Hormones acting on mammary gland (2011-II)
Function of placenta (2011-II)
Corpus luteum (2011-I)
Copper-T physiology (2009-II)
Oogenesis (2009-I)
Menopause (2008-II, 2005-I)
Semen (2008-I)
Uterine cycle (2007-II)
Precocious puberty (2006-II)
Feedback regulation of ovarian function (2006-II)
Indicators of ovulation (2004-I)
Contraceptive methods (2014-I *, 2008-I *, 2005-I *)
Testis – blood barriers (2010-I *)
Menstrual cycle (2009-I)
Contraception in female (2003-II *)
 Digestive System
Composition of saliva & function (2018-I, 2017-II, 2012-II, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2009-I, 2007-I, 2005-I,
2003-II)
Secretin (2017-II, 2013-II)
Mass reflex (2019-I)
Function of large intestine (2017-II)
Typical section of gut with diagram (2017-I)
Enterohepatic circulation (2018-I, 2019-I, 2017-I, 2013-I, 2011-I, 2004-I)
Peristalsis (2017-I, 2014-II, 2006-II, 2005-I)
Composition, function, regulation, secretion pancreatic juice (2016-II, 2014-II, 2012-II, 2009-II *,
2008-II, 2010-II, 2006-II, 2007-II)
Vomiting (2016-II, 2013-II)
Function of gall bladder (2016-II)
Mechanism of HCL secretion & its regulation (2016-I, 2015-II, 2015-I *, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2007-II)
Phase / reflex of deglutition (2018-I, 2016-I, 2015-I, 2012-I, 2003-II)
Role of bile salts (2018-I, 2016-I, 2011-I)
Lactose intolerance (2015-II)
Movement of small intestine (2019-I, 2015-II, 2014-I, 2011-II, 2008-II, 2007-II)
Peptic ulcer (2015-I *, 2013-II *, 2008-I *, 2006-II, 2005-I *)
Function of bile (2015-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2009-II, 2007-I)
Balanced diet (2015-I)
Post prandial alkaline tide (2014-II)
Dietary fibres (2014-I, 2008-I)
Function of gastrin hormone (2014-I, 2010-I, 2005-I)
Regulation of gastrin secretion (2012-I)
Cephalic phase of gastric secretion (2013-II)
Gastric emptying time and factors (2013-I, 2007-I)
Movement large intestine (2012-II)
Function of liver (2011-II, 2006-I)
Enteric nervous system (2011-I)
Function gastric juice (2010-II, 2010-I *)
Jaundice, its investigation in patient (2018-I *, 2010-I, 2009-I)
Liver function test (2009-II)
Importance of bacterial flora in large intestine (2009-II)
Succus entericus (2009-I *, 2006-I)
H. pylori (2009-I)
Paralytic ileus (2008-II *)
CCK-PZ (2008-I)
Digestion of carbohydrate (2008-I)
Gastric phase of gastric secretion (2006-I, 2004-I)
Digestion & absorption of fats (2004-I, 2019-I *)
Steatorrhea (2019-I *)
Proteolytic enzyme of GI track (2003-II)
Second stage of swallowing (2006-I *)
 Special senses
Olfactory pathways (2017-II, 2016-I, 2011-II, 2006-I)
Organs of corti (2017-II, 2014-II, 2012-II, 2008-II, 2003-II)
Accommodation reflex (2017-II, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2007-I, 2003-II)
Light adaptation & dark adaptation (2017-I, 2015-II, 2011-II, 2010-I, 2007-II, 2006-II)
Impedance matching (2017-I)
Color vision (2017-I, 2015-I, 2012-II, 2011-II *, 2011-I, 2009-I, 2008-I, 2007-I)
Layers of retina (2016-II *, 2009-I)
Middle ear function (2016-II, 2016-I, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2009-II, 2007-I)
Photoreceptors (2016-II)
Taste bud (2019-I, 2016-II, 2014-I, 2013-I)
Papillary light reflex (2016-I)
Endocochlear potential (2018-I, 2015-II, 2011-II, 2011-I *, 2006-II)
Familial dysautonomia (2015-II)
Transmission of sound wave in cochlea (2019-I, 2015-I *, 2004-I)
Different type of deafness (2015-I *, 2013-II, 2008-I)
Hearing mechanism (2007-II)
Travelling wave theory (2006-I)
Track pathway of taste sensation (2015-I, 2013-II, 2010-II, 2008-I)
Hypermetropia (2014-II)
Visual pathways & lesions (2014-II, 2010-II, 2006-I *)
Refractive errors (2018-I, 2019-I, 2014-I *, 2012-II *, 2010-II *, 2009-II, 2007-II *, 2006-II *)
Spherical and chromatic aberration (2014-I, 2013-I)
Otolith organ (2014-I, 2013-I, 2012-I)
Cataract (2013-I *)
Depth perception (2018-I)
Receptors in vestibular apparatus (2012-II)
Impedance matching (2011-I)
Retina function (2011-I)
Retinal photo & neurophysiology (2010-I)
Evaluate auditory physiology (2010-I)
Cornea (2009-II)
Semicircular canals & its function (2009-I, 2004-I)
Aqueous humors (2008-II)
Visual acuity (2008-II, 2005-I)
Field of vision (2007-II)
Tests of hearing & deafness (2007-I *, 2005-I)
Intraocular pressure (2006-II)
Color blindness (2006-I, 2004-I *)
Pupillary reflexes (2004-I)
Light reflex (2005-I)
 Muscles physiology
Classification of nerve fibers & functions (2003-II, 2007-I, 2008-I, 2010-I)
Rigor mortis (2003-II, 2013-I *)
Fast versus slow muscle fibers (2018-I)
Transmission of impulse at neuromuscular junction (2018-I)
Test used to check the conduction of muscles activity (2019-I)
Myasthenia gravis (2017-II, 2016-II, 2014-I *, 2010-I, 2008-I, 2007-I *)
Sarcomere (2017-II, 2012-I, 2007-II)
Isotonic & Isometric contraction with example (2017-I, 2014-II)
Neuromuscular junctions & transmissions (2006-I, 2014-II, 2016-II *, 2015-II)
Myoproteins (2016-II)
Free load & after load (2016-I)
Strength duration curve & label (2016-I)
Mechanical properties of cardiac muscles (2015-II, 2016-I)
Sarcotublar system (2015-I, 2013-II, 2010-II)
Excitation contraction coupling (2015-I, 2012-I *, 2008-I, 2007-I)
Latch phenomena in smooth muscles (2014-I, 2013-I)
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction (2012-II *)
Muscle tone (2011-II)
Ionic basis of nerve action potential (2011-I)
Drug actions on neuromuscular junctions (2010-II *, 2019-I *)
Compound action potential (2006-II)
Genesis of action potential (2004-I)
Dystrophin – glycoprotein complex (2006-II)
Molecular basis of muscle contraction (2006-I *, 2011-II *)
Molecular basis of smooth muscle contraction (2019-I)
Fatigue (2005-I)
Mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscle (2004-I)
Contractile protein (2019-I, 2012-II)
 Central Nervous System
Spinocerebellar track (2003-II)
Saltatory conduction (2012-I, 2007-II, 2006-I, 2005-I)
Nerve fiber types & its function, Properties (2010-I *, 2008-II, 2010-II, 2003-II, 2007-I, 2008-I)
Conduction velocity of nerve, factors affecting (2009-I, 2013-II, 2014-I, 2013-I)
Properties of nerve fibers (2008-II, 2010-II)
Analgesia system in CNS (2018-I)
Decerebrate rigidity and its significances in man (2003-II)
Wallerian degeneration & regeneration (2017-I, 2011-II)
Speech and Mechanism, its disorders (2018-I *, 2003-II, 2017-I)
Endogenous pain inhibiting system (2003-II *)
Functions of thalamus (2004-I, 2015-I, 2017-I, 2017-II)
Centers of control of temperature regulation, hyperthermia (2016-I *)
Ascending reticular activation system (2004-I)
Supra spinal control of muscle tone (2004-I)
Complete transaction of spinal cord (2004-I *, 2013-I, 2014-I)
Parkinsonism (2018-I *, 2004-I *, 2009-II, 2011-II, 2015-II, 2017-I *)
Electro- encephalographic EEG waves during sleep (2005-I, 2012-I)
Neuroglia (2005-I, 2012-II, 2010-I)
Adaptation in sensory receptors (2005-I)
Disorder of basal ganglion (2006-I)
Diffrance: Upper motor neuron & lower motor neuron lesions (2006-I, 2009-II)
Referred pain (2006-I, 2015-II *, 2016-I)
Abnormalities of cerebellum / Cerebellar lesions (2013-II * / 2006-II *, 2016-I *)
Alpha & beta adrenergic receptors (2006-II)
REM sleeps (2006-II, 2011-II, 2016-I)
Blood CSF receptors (2018-I)
Functions of muscle spindle (2006-II)
Properties of receptors, classify receptors properties / properties of sensory receptors (2015-II,
2016-II, 2007-I, 2010-II, 2014-I / 2013-I)
Functions of basal ganglion (2007-I, 2008-I, 2013-II, 2017-I *)
Pathway for pyramidal tract (2007-I, 2010-II)
Aphasias (2009-II, 2012-I *)
Brown sequard syndrome (2007-I *, 2009-I, 2010-II *, 2014-II *, 2017-II *, 2016-I)
Horner’s syndrome (2007-II *, 2010-I)
Functions of hypothalamus (2018-I, 2007-II, 2012-II, 2015-II)
CSF source, route, function, volume, pressure, abnormalities (2007-II, 2009-I *, 2013-I, 2014-I,
2015-II *)
Brain waves (2007-II, 2008-II)
Cerebellar Function test (2008-I *)
Properties of reflex (2008-I, 2009-I)
Dorsal column pathway (2008-I, 2017-I *)
Properties of synapse (2019-I, 2008-II, 2011-I *, 2012-II)
Stereognosis (2008-II, 2015-I)
Asteriognosis (2017-I *)
Blood brain barrier (2008-II *, 2009-II *)
Significance of ECG (2009-I, 2013-II)
Brood mann’s classification of cerebral cortex (2009-I)
Sleep neurophysiology (2009-II)
Physiological domains of cerebral cortex (2009-II)
Physiological basis of memory formation (2010-I)
Role of hypothalamus in feeding behavior & thirst mechanism (2010-II)
Stretch & Inverse stretch reflex (2019-I, 2011-I, 2017-I)
Spinotha lamic pathways (2011-I)
Hypothalamus role in autonomic nerves system (2011-I)
Neurological basis of ataxias, cerebellar ataxia (2011-II *, 2012-I)
Synaptic transmission (2011-II, 2015-I)
Ascending tracts (2012-I)
Tracts carrying somatic sensation (2012-II)
Sleep (2012-II *)
Upper motor neuron lesion (2013-I *)
Incomplete transaction of spinal cord (2013-I, 2014-I)
Pain pathways (2013-II, 2014-II, 2017-II)
Functions of cerebellum (2014-II)
Receptor potential / generator potential (2014-II)
Touch pathways (2015-I)
Causes of visceral pain (2015-II *)
Pacinian corpuscles (2015-II)
Non REM sleeps (2016-I)
Narcolepsy (2016-I)
Conditioned reflex (2016-II *)
Extra pyramidal pathway function (2016-II)
Sympathetic neuron system (2016-II)
Flight or fight response (2017-II)
Biochemistry
Paper -1
 Fat metabolism
Formation and breakdown of ketone bodies (2017-II *, 2008-I *)
Biosynthesis, regulation, action of cholesterol and statin drug (2018-II, 2017-I *, 2009-I *)
B-oxidation of palmitic acid (2018-I *, 2016-I *, 2012-II *, 2009-II *, 2007-II *)
Ketogenesis (2015-II *, 2014-II *, 2010-II *, 2006-I *, 2003-II *)
Ketone body metabolism (2019-I *)
Fatty liver (2019-I *, 2018-I *, 2015-II *, 2015-I, 2012-I, 2011-I, 2009-I *, 2010-I, 2007-I *)
ß-oxidation of saturated fatty acid (2015-I *)
Lipoprotein metabolism (2015-I *)
ketolysis (2014-II *, 2010-II *, 2006-I *)
Fates of cholesterol (2014-II *)
Fatty acid oxidations (2013-II *, 2004-I *, 2011-II *)
ß-oxidation with energetics (2014-I, 2013-I *, 2006-II *)
Metabolic importance of cholesterol (2011-I *)
Digestion and absorption of lipid (2010-I *, 2003-I, 2002-I *)
Lipotropic factors (2018-I *, 2007-I *, 2009-I *)
Synthesis of fatty acid and regulation (2018-II *, 2008-II *, 2007-I, 2004-II *)
Increased level of ketone bodies conditions (2008-I *)
Metabolic disarrangement and consequences of ketosis (2007-I *)
Insulin’s effects on lipid metabolism (2004-II *)
Ketosis (2009-I *, 2003-II *, 2001-II *)
Extra mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids with its regulation (2003-I *)
Chylomicrone, VLDL, LDL (2002-I *)
Anti ketogenic mechanism (2009-I *, 2001-II *)
Role of bile salt micelles in lipid absorption (2001-II *, 2007-I *)

FAT chemistry
Phospholipids – function, type... (2017-I, 2016-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2015-I, 2014-I, 2013-II, 2012-II,
2010-II, 2009-II *, 2009-I, 2004-I, 2003-II *, 2002-I)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA & role in diet (2014-II, 2009-I, 2003-II)
Function of cholesterol (2012-I, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2006-II, 2003-I *)
Atherosclerosis (2018-I *, 2017-II *, 2017-I *, 2007-II *, 2004-II *, 2003-I *)
Lipoprotein-classification & importance (2014-I, 2012-I *, 2011-I, 2008-II)
Unsaturated fatty acid and & its significance (2007-I)
Risk factors for coronary artery disease (2014-II *)
Essential fatty acid (2014-I, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2008-I, 2006-II)
Lipid peroxidation (2013-II) Glycophospholipid (2001-II)
Disorder of cholesterol (2012-I, 2008-II) Role of lipid in heart disease (2015-I *)
Fatty acid synthesis (2014-I) HDL as scavenger (2004-II *)
Glycerophospholipids (2008-I) CHD (2003-I *)
Characterization of fat (2007-II) Lungs maturation (2009-I)
Lipid storage disease (2008-I *, 2006-I) Role of lipoproteins in atherogenesis (2006-I)
Fats & oils & it’s important (2004-II) Carnitine (2003-I)
Glycolipid (2003-I)
 Carbohydrates metabolism
Significance of 2-3BPG & its production & cycle (2017-II, 2012-II *, 2009-II)
Blood glucose hormonal regulation (2017-II *, 2017-I *, 2016-I *, 2015-II *, 2012-I *)
Rapoport luebering cycle & its significance (2017-I *, 2004-I *)
HMP shunt & its significance (2018-II *, 2003-I *, 2004-I *, 2007-II *, 2010-I *, 2010-II *, 2014-II *,
2012-I, 2008-II *, 2017-II *, 2017-I *, 2015-I *)
Gluconeogenesis & physiological significance, regulation (2019-I *, 2018-II *, 2004-II, 2006-I *,
2007-II *, 2009-I, 2010-I *, 2011-I *, 2011-II *, 2012-II *, 2013-I *, 2016-I *, 2014-II *, 2013-II *)
Gluconeogenesis is not a simple reversal of glycolysis – justify and give reaction (2003-II *)
Anaerobic glycolysis (2018-I *, 2016-II *, 2015-I *)
Substrate level phosphorylation (2016-II, 2013-I, 2008-II *)
Oxidative phosphorylation (2019-I, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2011-II, 2010-I)
Components of respiratory chain – chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis (2012-I *, 2008-I,
2013-II, 2014-II, 2002-I)
Inhibitor & uncoupler of ETC (2019-I, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2011-I, 2012-II, 2009-II, 2004-I, 2004-II, 2003-I,
2017-II)
Glycogen metabolism, Glycogen hormonal regulation (2010-II *, 2008-I *, 2004-II *)
Trace pathway from alanine -> gluconeogenesis (2007-I *)
Galactose metabolism, catabolism & related disorders (2011-I *, 2008-I *, 2003-I *, 2001-II *)
Metabolic changes in diabetes mellitus (2019-I * 2014-II *, 2006-I *)
Galactosemia (2017-II *, 2009-I *)
Diabetes (2016-II *)
Von Gierk’s disease (2018-II *)
Glycolysis (2018-I *, 2014-I *, 2009-II *)
Principle source of glucose after overnight fast (2014-I *)
Abnormalities of carbohydrate digestion (2004-II)
Insulin - structure, effect on carb. & lipid metabolism (2004-II *)
Digestion & absorption of carbohydrate (2006-I *)
Redox potential & important in ATP synthesis (2011-I)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (2012-I)
Component of ETC (2017-I, 2010-II, 2015-I, 2001-II)
Oxidation of pyruvate (2013-I *, 2011-II *)
Regulation of citric acid cycle (2011-II)
Amphibolic role of TCA cycle (2019-I *)
Reducing action of carbohydrates (2011-I)
Mutarotation (2010-II, 2004-II)
Respiratory chain complex (2006-I)
Inhibitors of respiratory chain (2006-II, 2009-I)
Malate aspartate shuttle (2010-II)
Glycosuria (2002-I *)
Glucogenolysis & regulation (2018-II *, 2006-II *)
Function of PPP (2006-II *)
 Carbohydrate Chemistry
Glycogen synthesis, function (2017-II, 2012-I *)
Lactose intolerance (2018-I *)
Glycogen storage disease (2008-II *, 2003-II *, 2017-I *, 2016-II *, 2015-I, 2014-I, 2012-I, 2002-I *)
Composition and significance of hyaluronic acid (2017-I, 2004-I)
Derivatives of monosaccharide & significance (2016-II, 2001-II)
Heparin & chemistry & function (2003-II)
Function of glucosaminoglycans (2016-I, 2015-II, 2011-II, 2010-I)
Difference, similarity - starch & glycogen (2015-II, 2010-II)
Difference - starch & cellulose (2014-II)
Disaccharides (2013-II)
Glycosides & importance (2018-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2010-I, 2008-I *)
Importance of dextrans (2004-I)
Cellulose (2010-I)
Mucopolysaccharides & their function (2018-I, 2012-II, 2009-II *, 2002-I)
Oligosaccharides (2011-I)
Homopolysaccharides & their role in diet (2019-I, 2009-I, 2008-I)
Heteropolysaccharides (2008-II)
Derivatives of hexose (2007-II)
GTT and glycosylated hemoglobin& significance (2007-I *)
Homoglycans (2007-I)
Derived sugar & important (2006-I, 2003-I)
Fructose intolerance (2003-I *)
Glucoronic acid – importance (2008-II *)

pH
Respiratory acidosis (2017-II, 2016-II, 2013-II *, 2009-II, 2003-I *)
Metabolic acidosis & compensatory mechanism (2018-I *, 2003-II, 2010-I, 2009-I *, 2006-II *, 2016-I,
2015-II *, 2013-II *)
Lactic acidosis (2016-II, 2012-II)
Blood buffers and their role (2018-I, 2007-II, 2016-II *, 2012-I *, 2015-II, 2008-II *, 2006-II, 2002-I,
2001-II)
Metabolic alkalosis (2015-II *)
Respiratory mechanism of pH regulation (2015-I, 2003-I *)
Role of kidney in pH regulation (2018-II, 2012-I *, 2004-II, 2014-II, 2013-I *, 2011-I *)
Acidosis & compensatory mechanism (2013-II *, 2004-II *)
Anion gap & its clinical acid base balance (2017-I)
Disturbance of acid base balance with lab finding (2010-II *)
Bicarbonate buffer system in blood & significance of Henderson – Hasselbalch (2010-II)
Role of kidney in HCO3 homeostasis (2009-I)
Composition of urine (2008-II)
Diabetic ketoacidosis / ketoacidosis (2018-II *, 2007-II *, 2004-I)
Dehydration (2003-I)
Disorder of acid-base imbalance (2006-I *)
pH meter (2016-II)
 Enzymes
Isoenzymes & diagnostic important & clinical (2017-II, 2014-I, 2013-I *, 2012-II, 2011-II *, 2011-I,
2010-II, 2010-I, 2007-II, 2003-II, 2002-I *)
Allosteric enzyme (2017-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2008-I, 2004-I)
Enzyme specificity (2017-I, 2009-II, 2006-II, 2004-II)
Clinical significance of enzyme & application (2016-I, 2010-I *, 2015-II)
Factors affecting enzyme activity (2016-II, 2013-II *, 2004-I *)
Competitive inhibition & role in medicine (2018-I, 2003-II *, 2006-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2012-II *,
2010-II *, 2009-II *, 2006-II *, 2004-II *)
Suicidal inhibition of enzyme (2018-II)
Enzyme inhibition (2015-II *, 2014-I, 2013-II, 2008-II)
Classification enzyme (2014-II)
Mechanism of enzyme catalysis (2011-I)
Km value (2010-I)
Antienzymes (2009-II)
Covalent modification of enzyme activity (2009-I, 2003-I)
Oxidases & reductases (2008-II, 2008-I)
Effects of temperature & ph on enzyme activity (2008-II)
Effects of substrate concentration and pH on enzyme activity (2019-I)
Oxigenases (2008-I)
Enzyme profile, Biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction (2018-II, 2007-I *)
Importance of, Therapeutic uses of enzymes (2019-I, 2018-I *, 2007-I, 2011-I *, 2007-II *, 2001-II)
Non competitive enzyme inhibition (2002-I)
Cyclo-oxygenase & aspirin (2002-I)
Isomerism (2016-I)

Homeostasis
Characterize active transport (2017-I)
Difference diffusion – facilitated transport & active transport (2015-II)
Homeostasis of body fluid (2013-II)
Plasma membrane transport (2013-II)
Active & passive transport (2013-I, 2012-II, 2011-II, 2007-I)
Water balance & regulation (2012-I)

Body fluid cell

Eukaryotic ribosomes (2014-I)
Biochemical role of mitochondria (2016-II, 2014-I, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2003-I)
Fluid mosaic model (2018-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2006-II, 2004-II, 2002-I)
Cori cycle (2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Membrane protein (2012-I)
ECF & ICF (2002-I)
Structure organization of cell (2008-I)
Characteristic of malignant cell (2006-II)
Lysosomes (2003-II)
Electrolyte complex & regulation (2001-II)
 Organ function tests
Liver function test & clinical (2017-II, 2016-II *, 2012-II, 2010-II *, 2008-II)
Gastric function test (2016-I)
Significance of clearance tests (2018-I, 2016-I *, 2015-II)
Tests to detect on glomerular function (2019-I)
Kidney function test (2002-I *, 2015-I)
Creatinine clearance test (2014-II, 2010-II, 2009-II)
Thyroid function test & clinical (2008-I, 2011-I *, 2009-I)
Inulin clearance test (2010-I)
Renal clearance test (2007-I, 2006-I)
Inulin and biomedical importance (2003-II)
Enzyme to evaluate liver function (2003-I)

Newer technique
ELISA (2018-II, 2017-II, 2010-II, 2006-I, 758, 2003-I)
Uses of Radio isotopes (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2001-II)
PCR (2007-II, 2004-I)
Colorimetry – component, principle (2016-I, 2012-I)
Electrophoresis, its application (2015-II, 2014-II, 2006-II)
Gel electrophoresis (2015-I)
Chromatography & its application (2012-II *, 2014-I, 2007-I)
Electrophoresis serum protein (2013-II *)
Western blot technique & application (2012-II)
Radioimmunoassay (2018-I, 2011-II)
Beer Lambertl’s law (2013-I)
Spectroscopy (2011-I)
Paper electrophoresis (2010-I)
Southern blot technique (2004-I)
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography & its application (2003-II)

Environmental chemistry
Water pollution (2017-I, 2016-I, 2007-II, 2006-I)
Water pollutants (2018-II)
Biological effect of radiation on tissue, Hazard of radio activity (2018-II, 2016-II)
Organic pollutants (2015-II)
Soil pollution (2015-I)
Air pollution (2014-II, 2008-II, 2007-I)
Environmental pollutants (2008-I)
Acid rain & green house effect (2006-II, 2002-I)
Air pollutant (2004-II, 2018-I)
Air pollution & prevention (2003-I)
Effect of industrial pollutants (2001-II)
 Cancer biochemistry
Carcinogens (2019-I, 2018-I, 2016-I, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2009-II)
Tumor markers & application (2019-I *, 2012-II, 2012-I, 2009-I, 2006-I, 2008-I *, 2007-I, 2004-II,
2003-II, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2010-I, 2010-II, 2011-I, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2002-I)
Oncogen & oncogenes (2019-I, 2018-II, 2008-I, 2007-II)
Oncosuppresssor gene (2004-I)
Etiology of cancer (2003-I)
Biochemistry of cigarette smoking (2002-I)
Oncofetal produces for diagnosis and monitoring cancer patients (2001-II *)
Mutation & cancer (2001-II)

Body defense mechanism

Detoxification II (2017-II)
Immunoglobulin – types, function, structure (2019-I, 2018-II, 2006-I, 2004-II, 2003-II, 2006-II, 2007-II,
2008-I, 2010-I, 2011-I, 2017-II, 2013-I, 2012-II, 2013-II, 2008-II, 2002-I)
IgM function & structure (2017-I)
Biological detoxification by conjugation (2016-II, 2016-I *, 2015-I *, 2010-II,)
IgE function & structure (2016-II, 2004-I)
IgG function & structure (2018-I, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2009-I, 2003-I)
Antioxidant (2015-II, 2014-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2007-I)
Passive immunity (2015-I)
Lead poisoning (2013-II, 2009-I)
Heavy metal poisoning (2012-II)
Antioxidant enzymes (2012-I, 2003-II)
Conjugation and oxidative in liver to eliminate toxic substances (2009-I)
Cytochrome P450 (2007-II, 2003-II, 2001-II)
Characterize immunoglobulin (2007-I)
Endogenous enzyme against free radicals (2006-I)
Free radicals in disease (2007-II, 2006-II)
Synthesis and biomedical importance of leukotrienes (2001-II)
Mechanism of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant (2001-II)

Others
What are proteins, classification, physiological properties? (2004-I *)
Essential amino acid, example, function (2004-I, 2014-I *)
Protein energy malnutrition (2009-II, 2004-I)
Prostaglandin & their clinical (2019-I, 2017-II, 2011-I, 2010-I *, 2006-I, 2004-II)
Biochemical examination of CSF (2006-I)
Composition of CSF (2009-I, 2008-I)
Biochemical basis of ammonia toxicity (2018-II *)
Nitrogen balance (2014-I *)
Biochemical changes in starvation (2013-II *)
Function of plasma proteins (2010-II)
Dietary fibers & their importance (2016-I *)
 Porphyrias & hemoglobins
Sickle cell disease (2017-II *, 2009-II)
Porphyrias (2018-I, 2016-I, 2010-II, 2009-I, 2008-I, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2003-II *)
Jaundice / hemolytic jaundice (2016-II *, 2015-II, 2007-II, 2006-II *, 2002-I/ 2014-II, 2004-II)
Heme degradation (2015-II, 2011-I, 2004-II)
Catabolism of heme (2015-I, 2007-I, 2003-I *)
Role of hemoglobin as buffers (2019-I)
Hemoglobin-structure, synthesis & regulation (2008-II, 2014-I *, 2012-II *, 2010-I *, 2001-II)
Acute intermittent porphyria (2019-I, 2018-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2003-II *)
Principle and significance of van-den-bergh’s reaction (2013-I *, 2012-I *, 2009-II, 2003-II)
Vander bergh test its application diagnosis of jaundice (2012-II)
Abnormal hemoglobins (2012-I)
Formation of bile pigments from heme (2012-I)
Methemoglobins (2009-II)
CEA – alpha fetoproteins (2008-II)
Thalassemias (2007-II, 2001-II *)
Hemoglobinopatheis (2007-I, 2004-I *)
Biosynthesis of porphyrins (2006-I)
Hyper bilirubinemia (2003-I *)
Biochemistry
Paper -2
 Protein
Phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria / disorder of phenylalanine & tyrosine (2019-I *, 2018-I *, 2014-II*,
2011-I, 2017-II *, 2007-I *, 2002-I *, 2010-II *)
Inborn errors of sulfer containing aminoacids (2017-I *)
Transamination & significance, aminotransfer (2018-II *, 2016-II *, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2004-II *)
Biologically importance of Glycine metabolites (2016-II, 2013-I *, 2011-II *, 2011-I, 2003-II *)
Urea cycle & its regulation / Urea formation in liver (2015-I *, 2001-II *, 2003-II *, 2006-II *, 2016-I *,
2012-I *, 2009-II *, 2008-II *)
Explain how ammonia disposed via glutamate, glutamine and urea (2018-I *)
Normal urea level, conditions in which blood level increase with biological basis (2002-I *)
Metabolic role of sulfur containing amino acids/ methionine, cystine & function & fate & disorder
(2013-II *, 2008-II *, 2010-II *)
Biologically important molecule synthesized from phenylalanine and tyrosine (2012-II *, 2011-I *)
How ammonia is detoxified in human body / ammonia toxicity (2012-II *, 2004-I, 2007-II *)
Specialized product, Importance, Inborn errors of aromatic aminoacid metabolism (2003-I *, 2006-I *,
2007-II *, 2004-II *)
Various product & catabolism of tyrosine (2009-II *, 2008-I *, 2004-I *)
One carbon metabolism (2016-I, 2015-II) Decarboxylation reaction of amino acids (2012-I)
Metabolic role of tyrosine (2015-II *) Metabolic role of methionine (2013-I *, 2011-II *)
Hormones produce from amino acid (2014-I *) Formation of ammonia and fate (2011-I *)
Disposal of ammonia (2017-II *) Metabolism of tryptophan (2009-I *)
Transdeamination (2013-II *) Homocysteinuria (2008-I *, 2007-I *)
Proteolytic enzyme (2013-I *, 2011-II *) Oxidative deamination (2004-I)
Hartn up’s disease (2012-I, 2009-II) Fate of aminoacids after absorptions (2003-I *)
Adenosine deaminase deficiency (2012-II) Inter conversion of glucose to aminoacid (2002-I)
Maple syrup urine disease (2018-II *, 2012-II) Biogenic amines (2001-II *)
Digestion and absorption of proteins (2012-I *)

Protein chemistry
Alpha helix & Beta pleated seat – structure, feature, importance (2003-II *)
Formation of peptide bond and biological importance of peptides (2018-I *, 2010-II *, 2007-II,
2004-II *)
Denaturation of protein (2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2008-II *)
Primary structure of proteins & it’s important (2013-II, 2009-I *)
Secondary structure of protein (2018-II *, 2015-I *, 2012-II *, 2008-I *)
Significance, Structural classification, Basic structure of proteins (2013-I *, 2015-II *, 2014-II *,
2009-II *, 2006-II *, 2006-I *, 2003-I *)
Function and classification of protein with example (2017-I *, 2016-II *)
Secondary, tertiary, quaternary structural of protein (2002-I *)
Types and function of globulins (2017-I) Albumin (2017-II *)
Classify aminoacids (2007-I *) Albinism (2011-I)
Glycogenic aminoacids (2003-I) Structural organization of protein (2007-II *)
Essential aminoacids (2016-II) Structural proteins and its disorder (2001-II *)
Homocycteine (2014-I)
 Purine – pyrimidine
Nucleic acid & nucleotides
Gout (2019-I *, 2018-I *, 2017-II *, 2016-I, 2015-II *, 2015-I, 2014-I *, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2011-I *,
2009-I *, 2008-II, 2007-I *, 2004-I *, 2003-I *)
Alcohol and acute gouty arthritis (2018-II *)
Purine salvage pathway (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2012-I, 2011-I *, 2009-II, 2009-I,
2007-II, 2004-II, 2003-I, 2002-I)
Formation of uric acid / Synthesis of uric acid from hypoxanthine (2013-I, 2003-I, 2011-I)
Salvage pathway and its significance (2018-II, 2017-I, 2015-II, 2014-II, 2006-I, 2003-II)
Biological importance, functions of nucleotides (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2010-II,
2003-II, 2015-I)
Synthesis of uric acid from hypoxanthine, formation of uric acid (2011-I, 2013-I, 2003-I)
Synthetic analogues of nucleotides & use in medicine (2013-II, 2008-I, 2001-II)
Name the carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms suppliers of purine and pyrimidine ring (2018-II, 2008-I,
2007-I)
Formation of PRPP (phosphoribosyl diphosphate) and its utilization (2003-II, 2004-II)
Hyperuricemia (2016-II, 2011-I *, 2009-II *, 2007-I *, 2002-I *)
Lesch-nyhan syndrome (2018-I *, 2016-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2006-II)
Purine catabolism (2016-I, 2014-II, 2009-II *, 2008-II, 2003-II)
Modified nitrogenous bases as anticancer agent (2012-II)
Orotic Aciduria (2018-II, 2017-I, 2009-I, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Nucleotide derivative of co enzymes (2006-I, 2004-II)
Disorder of pyrimidine synthesis (2017-II) Formation of AMP and GMP from IMP (2010-II)
Regulation of purine synthesis (2018-II) Uricosuric drug (2009-I *)
Carbamoyl phosphate synthase-II (2016-II) Derivatives of nucleosides & nucleotides (2007-I)
Pyrimidine degradation (2014-I, 2006-II, 2018-I) Adenine nucleotide & importance (2003-I)
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (2012-II) Guanine nucleotide catabolism (2001-II)
Allopurinol as a treatment for Gout (2012-I)

Other
Acetyl CoA is a central metabolic as an Amphibolic molecule (2010-II, 2003-II)
Importance of major plasma proteins and significance of their altered value (2019-I *, 2001-II *)
Ceruloplasmin (2003-II)
TCA cycle in integration of metabolism (2001-II)
Amphibolic role of TCA cycle (2003-I, 2006-II, 2004-II, 2014-II)
Anabolic and catabolic role TCA cycle (2008-I)
Anaplerotic role of Kreb’s cycle (2015-I, 2016-I)
Common terminal metabolic pathway (2007-I)
Interlinking metabolism at tissue level (2019-I)
Nitrogen balance (2018-II) Tumor markers (2014-I *)
Cyclic AMP (2004-I, 2002-I) Mechanism of action of insulin (2014-I)
Metabolic acidosis (2007-II *) Hypercholesterolemia (2014-I *)
Ketoacidosis (2016-II) Blood pH role in medicine (2014-I)
Second messengers (2009-II) Isoenzyme (2004-I)
Oncogenes (2013-I, 2011-II)
 Vitamin
Metabolic role, Functions and deficiency of ascorbic acid / vitamin C (2019-I, 2018-II, 2017-II,
2015-II *, 2014-II *, 2013-I *, 2011-II *, 2010-II, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Coenzyme form & one reaction (1) pyridoxine (2) thiamine (3) Niacin - (2017-II, 2017-I, 2016-I)
Role of vitamin A & deficiency (2019-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2012-I *)
Function, Action of vitamin D on intestine, kidney and bone metabolism (2018-II *, 2017-I *, 2009-I,
2007-II)
Deficiency disorder of folic acid (2016-II)
Antioxidant vitamins (2018-I, 2016-II, 2004-II, 2003-I)
Beri beri (2016-II, 2015-II, 2014-I, 2009-I)
Rickets (2018-II *, 2016-I *, 2013-II, 2007-I *, 2002-I *)
Scurvy (2016-I, 2006-I)
Biochemical role, Function, deficiency of vitamin K / vitamin K cycle (2015-II, 2014-I *, 2013-I, 2011-II
/ 2009-I)
Deficiency of vitamin C & vitamin D (2015-I *, 2014-II)
Absorption, transport, Function, Disorder of vitamin B12 (2019-I *, 2018-I, 2015-II, 2006-II, 2004-II)
Coenzyme role of folic acid & in one carbon metabolism (2015-I)
Wald’s visual cycle, Rhodopsin cycle & related disorder (2014-II, 2010-II, 2007-II, 2006-II *, 2001-II,
2008-II, 2004-II)
Night blindness and role of vitamin A (2018-I *)
Retinoids and their biological role (2008-I)
FIGLU test (2014-I)
Metabolic role of vitamin B6 / pyridoxine (2013-II, 2008-II, 2002-I)
Biochemical function of pyridoxal phosphate / Role of PLP (2010-II / 2003-II)
Coenzyme form of different water soluble vitamin (2012-II, 2001-II)
Pellagra (2019-I, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2008-II)
Vitamin D as like hormone (2012-I, 2006-II)
Hematopoietic vitamins (2018-II, 2012-I)
Role of folate and cyanocobalamin in DNA synthesis (2011-I *)
Biochemical role of retinal (2011-I)
Thiamine pyrophosphate TPP – formation, biological function / role in oxidative carboxylation
(2011-I, 2003-II / 2004-I *)
Folate trap / cycle (2019-I *, 2010-II, 2007-I, 2003-II)
Formation of tetrahydrofolate & role in DNA synthesis / folic acid as coenzyme (2010-II * / 2006-I)
Vitamin E – sources and functions (2019-I, 2009-II)
Four reaction in which biotin required as coenzyme (2008-I)
Coenzyme of vitamin B complex group (2007-II)
Function & deficiency of thiamine (2006-II, 2004-I *)
Deficiency disorders of FAT soluble vitamins (2006-I *)
Folic acid – function, deficiency disease & folate antagonist (2004-II *)
Megaloblastic anemia in folate deficiency (2003-II *)
Calcitriol – synthesis, function, disease, role in growth of child (2003-I *, 2001-II *)
Inter relation between folic acid & vitamin B12 (2001-II)
Relation between thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolatereductase (2002-I)
 Minerals
Maintenance of serum calcium and phosphorus (2019-I *)
Hormonal regulation of plasma calcium / calcium homeostasis (2017-II * / 2013-I *, 2013-II, 2012-II *,
2011-II *, 2009-II *, 2015-II *)
Calcium - metabolism, functions, dietary source, absorption, Role in the body (2015-I *, 2014-I,
2009-II *, 2004-II *, 2003-II *, 2011-I *, 2006-II *)
Absorption, transport and storage of Iron (2004-I *, 2010-II *, 2012-I, 2016-I *, 2017-II *)
Sources, recommended dietary allowance (RDA), absorption, function, deficiency of Iron (2012 II *,
2002-I *, 2003-I *, 2014-II *)
Microcytic and hypochromic anemia causing trace elements (2006-I *)
Metabolic role of copper and zinc & important (2018-I *, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Selenium & antioxidant role (2018-II *, 2012-I, 2009-II, 2008-II *, 2007-I *)
Trace elements & their role (2019-I *, 2017-I *, 2013-II *, 2007-II *)
Function of minerals nutrition (2015-I)
Wilson’s disease (2016-II *)
Macrominerals (2014-I)
Minerals for erythropoiesis (2011-I)
Osteomalacia and osteoporosis (2011-I, 2007-I *)
Fluoride (2007-I *)

Nutrition
Role of dietary fiber in body (2018-I, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2002-I)
Difference Marasmus and Kwashiorkor (2017-I *, 2015-II, 2014-II, 2007-II *, 2006-II *)
Protein energy malnourishment PEM (2018-I, 2016-II *, 2016-I, 2004-II, 2015-I, 2002-I *)
Obesity and over nutrition (2016-II *, 2006-I)
BMR & affecting factor (2018-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2007-II, 2003-II, 2002-I,
2006-I)
Dietary constituent (2015-I *)
Balanced diet (2019-I, 2014-II *, 2012-I *, 2008-II, 2008-I, 2006-II)
Specific dynamic action (2013-II, 2010-II, 2008-I, 2004-I)
Dietary fibers (2018-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2003-I)
Calorific value (2013-I, 2011-II)
Calculate the energy requirement of male medical student (2012-II)
Kwashiorkor (2012-II)
Fat and its nutritional importance (2011-I)
Biological value of proteins (2016-II, 2010-II, 2001-II)
Role of carbohydrate in diet (2009-I)
Malnutrition (2009-I)
Diet & coronary heart disease (2008-II *)
Total parenteral nutrition (2008-II)
Prepare diet chart of pregnant lady (2007-I)
Nutritional importance of dietary proteins (2007-I, 2006-I)
Role of liver & adipose tissue in prolonged fasting (2004-II)
Nutritional importance PUFA (2003-I)
Significance of cholesterol level (2004-I)
Hypercholesterolemia (2014-I *)
 Molecular biology
DNA structure, function & types (2017-II, 2014-II, 2013-II *, 2001-II)
Post transcriptional changes (2017-II, 2015-II, 2008-II, 2008-I, 2004-II, 2003-I)
Genetic code & feature (2019-I, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2013-I *, 2012-I, 2011-II *, 2011-I,
2009-I, 2008-I, 2006-II, 2004-II, 2001-II)
ELISA (2017-II *, 2017-I *)
t-RNA structure and functions (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2016-II, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2007-II, 2009-I,
2006-II, 2004-II, 2003-II, 2003-I)
Characteristic feature of human DNA (2017-I)
Structure and function of m-RNA (2017-I, 2009-II, 2002-I)
Restriction endonuclease & its importance (2017-I, 2015-II, 2009-II, 2006-II, 2008-II, 2004-I)
Chaperons and their role (2017-I)
Post transitional modifications (2019-I, 2018-II, 2017-I, 2012-II, 2009-II, 2007-I, 2004-I,
2003-II, 2001-II)
Difference – DNA & RNA (2016-II, 2014-I)
PCR & its application, use in medicine, DNA amplification (2018-II, 2016-II *, 2010-II *, 2006-I *,
2003-II, 2014-I *, 2004-I)
Reverse transcriptase enzyme & reverse transcription (2016-II)
Application of r-DNA, describe various step (2018-I, 2016-II, 2016-I *, 2015-I, 2014-II *, 2013-II *,
2012-II *, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2007-II)
Genome library (2016-II)
Mutations (2016-I *, 2015-II *, 2012-II, 2010-II, 2006-II *)
Translation (2016-I)
Lac operon / operon model of gene regulation (2019-I, 2018-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2007-II,
2006-II / 2015-I)
RNAs (2016-I, 2015-II, 2015-I, 2006-I)
Replication (2016-I, 2015-II, 2014-I, 2012-I *, 2011-II, 2009-II *, 2007-I)
Replication in eukaryotes (2015-I *)
Transcription (2014-II)
Inhibitors of proteins synthesis (2018-I, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2009-I, 2007-I)
DNA finger printing (2014-II, 2008-II *, 2001-II)
Gene therapy (2014-I, 2006-II, 2004-I *, 2001-II)
Watson – crick model of DNA & important of double helix structure (2018-II, 2012-II, 2007-I, 2004-I *,
2002-I)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] (2006-I, 2002-I)
Nucleosomes & Organization of nuclear material in cell nucleus (2010-II, 2008-I)
Excision repair mechanism & its failure disease (2008-I *)
DNS damage and repair, disorders (2002-I *, 2004-II *, 2003-I *)
Point mutation & abnormal hemoglobin (2018-I, 2003-II *)
Southern blot technique & DNA probing (2008-I, 2004-II, 2004-I)
c-DNA (2002-I)
Wobble’s hypothesis (2012-I)
Vectors for DNA recombination (2011-I)
Zinc finger motif and leucine zipper motif (2006-I)
DNA polymerases (2011-I)
Silent mutation (2009-II)
Frame shift mutation (2009-I)
Formation of replication fork (2009-I)
Cell cycle and its importance (2008-II)
Secondary structure of DNA (2008-II)
Mutagens (2008-II)
Mismatch repair mechanism (2008-I)
Mitochondrial DNA (2007-II)
DNA repair (2007-II)
Inhibitors of DNA replication (2007-I)
Cell free molecular cloning (2007-I, 2001-II *)
Okazaki fragments (2006-I)
DNA organization into chromosomes (2006-I)
Inhibitors of transcription (2004-II)
Blotting techniques (2009-I *, 2003-I)
Western blotting technique (2018-I)
r-RNA function (2004-I)
Enzymes and protein factors in replication (2003-I)

Integration of metabolism
Biochemical changes in starvation / Metabolic adaptation in starvation (2019-I, 2017-II, 2008-II,
2015-II, 2013-II, 2012-I *, 2001-II)
Role of liver in integration of metabolism (2012-II, 2017-II)
Inter organ relationship among various organs are well fed and prolonged fasting (2008-I *)
Role of ketone bodies in starvation (2017-I)
Biochemical changes in well fed state (2018-I)
Adaptation in starvation (2016-II)
Starvation (2007-II)
Liver in well fed state and starvation (2014-II)
Adaptation of brain in starvation (2009-I)