Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ventilator
Ventilator
Note
• Questions of year 2018, 2019 are shown in italic and underlined manner.
• In the form of hardcopy is also very easy to use because mostly all
questions of the one topic are mentioned in only one page.
Azygos vein (2017-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2010-I, 2008-I, 2006-II, 2004-I, 2005-I, 2003-I)
Bronchopulmonary segment (2019-II, 2018-I *, 2011-II *, 2006-II, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2013-I,
2009-II, 2011-I, 2003-II, 2005-II)
Lines of pleural reflection (2017-I)
Sympathetic splenic nerves (2017-I)
Veins of heart (2016-II, 2015-I)
Sternocostal surface of heart (2018-I)
Recesses of pleura (2016-II, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2010-II, 2003-I)
Buckets handle movement (2016-II)
Right atrium / Its Interior (2018-II, 2007-II, 2016-I, 2008-II, 2003-II / 2013-II, 2012-I, 2009-II, 2006-II)
Apex of heart (2015-II)
Coronary artery / Right coronary artery (2015-II, 2009-I, 2007-I, 2012-I *, 2003-I * / 2012-II, 2007-I)
Typical Intercostals space (2019-I, 2015-I, 2013-II)
Hilum of lung (2015-I, 2011-II)
Blood supply of heart (2019-II, 2014-II)
Sibson’s fascia (2014-I, 2010-I)
Coronary sinus (2005-II, 2014-I, 2011-II, 2011-I, 2008-I)
Arch of aorta (2007-I, 2014-I, 2010-I, 2010-II, 2005-I)
Movement of ribs in respiration (2013-I, 2012-II)
Typical intercostals nerve (2011-I *, 2010-I *, 2008-II *, 2013-I, 124, 2007-II)
Intercostal nerve (2018-I)
Mediastinum surface of right lung (2012-I)
Difference Right bronchus and left bronchus (2012-I)
Sinus of pericardium / Oblique sinus of pericardium (2011-II, 2004-I, 2007-II * / 2017-I)
Mediastinum / Superior Mediastinum (2013-I *, 2009-I * / 2014-II, 2010-II, 2004-II)
Angle of Louis / Sternal angle (2008-II / 2018-I *)
Thoracic duct (2018-II, 2019-II, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2009-I *)
Suprapleural membrane (2009-I) Costo diaphragmatic recess (2004-II, 2007-I *)
Movements of respirations (2009-I) Major opening of diaphragm (2004-I)
Principal bronchi Right and left (2008-II) Intervertebral disc (2003-I)
External intercostals muscle (2008-I) Pleural cavity (2016-II *)
Nerve supply of heart (2007-II) Pericardium (2019-I *, 2015-I *, 2010-II *)
Intercostal artery (2007-I) Thoracic cage (2013-II *)
Aperture in diaphragm (2006-I) Cervical rib (2012-II *)
Root of the lung (2006-I) Pleura (2018-II, 2019-II *, 2009-II *, 2005-I *)
Interatrial septum (2006-I) Coronary angiography (2006-I *)
Internal thoracic artery (2005-II, 2004-II)
Abdomen and pelvis
Family welfare
Prenatal counseling (2017-II, 2017-I, 2015-II)
Tubectomy (2019-I, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2010-I, 2007-I)
Vasectomy (2018-II, 2019-II, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2016-I, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2005-I, 2006-II, 2007-II)
Anatomical basis of permanent contraceptive method (2004-I)
Anatomical basis of temporary contraceptive methods (2003-II)
In vitro fertilization (2019-II, 2003-I) Contraceptives (2013-II, 2006-I, 2008-I)
Polio vaccine (2003-I) Test tube baby (2013-I)
Tests of infertility (2016-I) Amniocentesis (2018-I, 2013-I, 2012-II)
Male sterilization (2015-II) Surrogate mother (2012-II)
Identical Twin (2019-I) Prenatal diagnosis (2010-II, 2009-I)
Oligospermia (2015-I) Safe period (2010-I, 2005-II, 2006-II)
Tubal ligation (2014-II) Ultra sound sonography (2008-II)
Hydraamnios (2014-I) Urbanization and health (2008-I)
Oligoaminos (2014-I) Intra uterine contraceptive devices (2004-II)
Histology
Environmental physiology
FAT chemistry
Phospholipids – function, type... (2017-I, 2016-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2015-I, 2014-I, 2013-II, 2012-II,
2010-II, 2009-II *, 2009-I, 2004-I, 2003-II *, 2002-I)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA & role in diet (2014-II, 2009-I, 2003-II)
Function of cholesterol (2012-I, 2010-I, 2008-II, 2006-II, 2003-I *)
Atherosclerosis (2018-I *, 2017-II *, 2017-I *, 2007-II *, 2004-II *, 2003-I *)
Lipoprotein-classification & importance (2014-I, 2012-I *, 2011-I, 2008-II)
Unsaturated fatty acid and & its significance (2007-I)
Risk factors for coronary artery disease (2014-II *)
Essential fatty acid (2014-I, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2008-I, 2006-II)
Lipid peroxidation (2013-II) Glycophospholipid (2001-II)
Disorder of cholesterol (2012-I, 2008-II) Role of lipid in heart disease (2015-I *)
Fatty acid synthesis (2014-I) HDL as scavenger (2004-II *)
Glycerophospholipids (2008-I) CHD (2003-I *)
Characterization of fat (2007-II) Lungs maturation (2009-I)
Lipid storage disease (2008-I *, 2006-I) Role of lipoproteins in atherogenesis (2006-I)
Fats & oils & it’s important (2004-II) Carnitine (2003-I)
Glycolipid (2003-I)
Carbohydrates metabolism
Significance of 2-3BPG & its production & cycle (2017-II, 2012-II *, 2009-II)
Blood glucose hormonal regulation (2017-II *, 2017-I *, 2016-I *, 2015-II *, 2012-I *)
Rapoport luebering cycle & its significance (2017-I *, 2004-I *)
HMP shunt & its significance (2018-II *, 2003-I *, 2004-I *, 2007-II *, 2010-I *, 2010-II *, 2014-II *,
2012-I, 2008-II *, 2017-II *, 2017-I *, 2015-I *)
Gluconeogenesis & physiological significance, regulation (2019-I *, 2018-II *, 2004-II, 2006-I *,
2007-II *, 2009-I, 2010-I *, 2011-I *, 2011-II *, 2012-II *, 2013-I *, 2016-I *, 2014-II *, 2013-II *)
Gluconeogenesis is not a simple reversal of glycolysis – justify and give reaction (2003-II *)
Anaerobic glycolysis (2018-I *, 2016-II *, 2015-I *)
Substrate level phosphorylation (2016-II, 2013-I, 2008-II *)
Oxidative phosphorylation (2019-I, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2011-II, 2010-I)
Components of respiratory chain – chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis (2012-I *, 2008-I,
2013-II, 2014-II, 2002-I)
Inhibitor & uncoupler of ETC (2019-I, 2018-I, 2016-II, 2011-I, 2012-II, 2009-II, 2004-I, 2004-II, 2003-I,
2017-II)
Glycogen metabolism, Glycogen hormonal regulation (2010-II *, 2008-I *, 2004-II *)
Trace pathway from alanine -> gluconeogenesis (2007-I *)
Galactose metabolism, catabolism & related disorders (2011-I *, 2008-I *, 2003-I *, 2001-II *)
Metabolic changes in diabetes mellitus (2019-I * 2014-II *, 2006-I *)
Galactosemia (2017-II *, 2009-I *)
Diabetes (2016-II *)
Von Gierk’s disease (2018-II *)
Glycolysis (2018-I *, 2014-I *, 2009-II *)
Principle source of glucose after overnight fast (2014-I *)
Abnormalities of carbohydrate digestion (2004-II)
Insulin - structure, effect on carb. & lipid metabolism (2004-II *)
Digestion & absorption of carbohydrate (2006-I *)
Redox potential & important in ATP synthesis (2011-I)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (2012-I)
Component of ETC (2017-I, 2010-II, 2015-I, 2001-II)
Oxidation of pyruvate (2013-I *, 2011-II *)
Regulation of citric acid cycle (2011-II)
Amphibolic role of TCA cycle (2019-I *)
Reducing action of carbohydrates (2011-I)
Mutarotation (2010-II, 2004-II)
Respiratory chain complex (2006-I)
Inhibitors of respiratory chain (2006-II, 2009-I)
Malate aspartate shuttle (2010-II)
Glycosuria (2002-I *)
Glucogenolysis & regulation (2018-II *, 2006-II *)
Function of PPP (2006-II *)
Carbohydrate Chemistry
Glycogen synthesis, function (2017-II, 2012-I *)
Lactose intolerance (2018-I *)
Glycogen storage disease (2008-II *, 2003-II *, 2017-I *, 2016-II *, 2015-I, 2014-I, 2012-I, 2002-I *)
Composition and significance of hyaluronic acid (2017-I, 2004-I)
Derivatives of monosaccharide & significance (2016-II, 2001-II)
Heparin & chemistry & function (2003-II)
Function of glucosaminoglycans (2016-I, 2015-II, 2011-II, 2010-I)
Difference, similarity - starch & glycogen (2015-II, 2010-II)
Difference - starch & cellulose (2014-II)
Disaccharides (2013-II)
Glycosides & importance (2018-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2010-I, 2008-I *)
Importance of dextrans (2004-I)
Cellulose (2010-I)
Mucopolysaccharides & their function (2018-I, 2012-II, 2009-II *, 2002-I)
Oligosaccharides (2011-I)
Homopolysaccharides & their role in diet (2019-I, 2009-I, 2008-I)
Heteropolysaccharides (2008-II)
Derivatives of hexose (2007-II)
GTT and glycosylated hemoglobin& significance (2007-I *)
Homoglycans (2007-I)
Derived sugar & important (2006-I, 2003-I)
Fructose intolerance (2003-I *)
Glucoronic acid – importance (2008-II *)
pH
Respiratory acidosis (2017-II, 2016-II, 2013-II *, 2009-II, 2003-I *)
Metabolic acidosis & compensatory mechanism (2018-I *, 2003-II, 2010-I, 2009-I *, 2006-II *, 2016-I,
2015-II *, 2013-II *)
Lactic acidosis (2016-II, 2012-II)
Blood buffers and their role (2018-I, 2007-II, 2016-II *, 2012-I *, 2015-II, 2008-II *, 2006-II, 2002-I,
2001-II)
Metabolic alkalosis (2015-II *)
Respiratory mechanism of pH regulation (2015-I, 2003-I *)
Role of kidney in pH regulation (2018-II, 2012-I *, 2004-II, 2014-II, 2013-I *, 2011-I *)
Acidosis & compensatory mechanism (2013-II *, 2004-II *)
Anion gap & its clinical acid base balance (2017-I)
Disturbance of acid base balance with lab finding (2010-II *)
Bicarbonate buffer system in blood & significance of Henderson – Hasselbalch (2010-II)
Role of kidney in HCO3 homeostasis (2009-I)
Composition of urine (2008-II)
Diabetic ketoacidosis / ketoacidosis (2018-II *, 2007-II *, 2004-I)
Dehydration (2003-I)
Disorder of acid-base imbalance (2006-I *)
pH meter (2016-II)
Enzymes
Isoenzymes & diagnostic important & clinical (2017-II, 2014-I, 2013-I *, 2012-II, 2011-II *, 2011-I,
2010-II, 2010-I, 2007-II, 2003-II, 2002-I *)
Allosteric enzyme (2017-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2008-I, 2004-I)
Enzyme specificity (2017-I, 2009-II, 2006-II, 2004-II)
Clinical significance of enzyme & application (2016-I, 2010-I *, 2015-II)
Factors affecting enzyme activity (2016-II, 2013-II *, 2004-I *)
Competitive inhibition & role in medicine (2018-I, 2003-II *, 2006-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2012-II *,
2010-II *, 2009-II *, 2006-II *, 2004-II *)
Suicidal inhibition of enzyme (2018-II)
Enzyme inhibition (2015-II *, 2014-I, 2013-II, 2008-II)
Classification enzyme (2014-II)
Mechanism of enzyme catalysis (2011-I)
Km value (2010-I)
Antienzymes (2009-II)
Covalent modification of enzyme activity (2009-I, 2003-I)
Oxidases & reductases (2008-II, 2008-I)
Effects of temperature & ph on enzyme activity (2008-II)
Effects of substrate concentration and pH on enzyme activity (2019-I)
Oxigenases (2008-I)
Enzyme profile, Biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction (2018-II, 2007-I *)
Importance of, Therapeutic uses of enzymes (2019-I, 2018-I *, 2007-I, 2011-I *, 2007-II *, 2001-II)
Non competitive enzyme inhibition (2002-I)
Cyclo-oxygenase & aspirin (2002-I)
Isomerism (2016-I)
Homeostasis
Characterize active transport (2017-I)
Difference diffusion – facilitated transport & active transport (2015-II)
Homeostasis of body fluid (2013-II)
Plasma membrane transport (2013-II)
Active & passive transport (2013-I, 2012-II, 2011-II, 2007-I)
Water balance & regulation (2012-I)
Newer technique
ELISA (2018-II, 2017-II, 2010-II, 2006-I, 758, 2003-I)
Uses of Radio isotopes (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2013-I, 2012-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2001-II)
PCR (2007-II, 2004-I)
Colorimetry – component, principle (2016-I, 2012-I)
Electrophoresis, its application (2015-II, 2014-II, 2006-II)
Gel electrophoresis (2015-I)
Chromatography & its application (2012-II *, 2014-I, 2007-I)
Electrophoresis serum protein (2013-II *)
Western blot technique & application (2012-II)
Radioimmunoassay (2018-I, 2011-II)
Beer Lambertl’s law (2013-I)
Spectroscopy (2011-I)
Paper electrophoresis (2010-I)
Southern blot technique (2004-I)
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography & its application (2003-II)
Environmental chemistry
Water pollution (2017-I, 2016-I, 2007-II, 2006-I)
Water pollutants (2018-II)
Biological effect of radiation on tissue, Hazard of radio activity (2018-II, 2016-II)
Organic pollutants (2015-II)
Soil pollution (2015-I)
Air pollution (2014-II, 2008-II, 2007-I)
Environmental pollutants (2008-I)
Acid rain & green house effect (2006-II, 2002-I)
Air pollutant (2004-II, 2018-I)
Air pollution & prevention (2003-I)
Effect of industrial pollutants (2001-II)
Cancer biochemistry
Carcinogens (2019-I, 2018-I, 2016-I, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2009-II)
Tumor markers & application (2019-I *, 2012-II, 2012-I, 2009-I, 2006-I, 2008-I *, 2007-I, 2004-II,
2003-II, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2010-I, 2010-II, 2011-I, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2002-I)
Oncogen & oncogenes (2019-I, 2018-II, 2008-I, 2007-II)
Oncosuppresssor gene (2004-I)
Etiology of cancer (2003-I)
Biochemistry of cigarette smoking (2002-I)
Oncofetal produces for diagnosis and monitoring cancer patients (2001-II *)
Mutation & cancer (2001-II)
Others
What are proteins, classification, physiological properties? (2004-I *)
Essential amino acid, example, function (2004-I, 2014-I *)
Protein energy malnutrition (2009-II, 2004-I)
Prostaglandin & their clinical (2019-I, 2017-II, 2011-I, 2010-I *, 2006-I, 2004-II)
Biochemical examination of CSF (2006-I)
Composition of CSF (2009-I, 2008-I)
Biochemical basis of ammonia toxicity (2018-II *)
Nitrogen balance (2014-I *)
Biochemical changes in starvation (2013-II *)
Function of plasma proteins (2010-II)
Dietary fibers & their importance (2016-I *)
Porphyrias & hemoglobins
Sickle cell disease (2017-II *, 2009-II)
Porphyrias (2018-I, 2016-I, 2010-II, 2009-I, 2008-I, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2003-II *)
Jaundice / hemolytic jaundice (2016-II *, 2015-II, 2007-II, 2006-II *, 2002-I/ 2014-II, 2004-II)
Heme degradation (2015-II, 2011-I, 2004-II)
Catabolism of heme (2015-I, 2007-I, 2003-I *)
Role of hemoglobin as buffers (2019-I)
Hemoglobin-structure, synthesis & regulation (2008-II, 2014-I *, 2012-II *, 2010-I *, 2001-II)
Acute intermittent porphyria (2019-I, 2018-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2003-II *)
Principle and significance of van-den-bergh’s reaction (2013-I *, 2012-I *, 2009-II, 2003-II)
Vander bergh test its application diagnosis of jaundice (2012-II)
Abnormal hemoglobins (2012-I)
Formation of bile pigments from heme (2012-I)
Methemoglobins (2009-II)
CEA – alpha fetoproteins (2008-II)
Thalassemias (2007-II, 2001-II *)
Hemoglobinopatheis (2007-I, 2004-I *)
Biosynthesis of porphyrins (2006-I)
Hyper bilirubinemia (2003-I *)
Biochemistry
Paper -2
Protein
Phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria / disorder of phenylalanine & tyrosine (2019-I *, 2018-I *, 2014-II*,
2011-I, 2017-II *, 2007-I *, 2002-I *, 2010-II *)
Inborn errors of sulfer containing aminoacids (2017-I *)
Transamination & significance, aminotransfer (2018-II *, 2016-II *, 2011-I, 2009-II, 2004-II *)
Biologically importance of Glycine metabolites (2016-II, 2013-I *, 2011-II *, 2011-I, 2003-II *)
Urea cycle & its regulation / Urea formation in liver (2015-I *, 2001-II *, 2003-II *, 2006-II *, 2016-I *,
2012-I *, 2009-II *, 2008-II *)
Explain how ammonia disposed via glutamate, glutamine and urea (2018-I *)
Normal urea level, conditions in which blood level increase with biological basis (2002-I *)
Metabolic role of sulfur containing amino acids/ methionine, cystine & function & fate & disorder
(2013-II *, 2008-II *, 2010-II *)
Biologically important molecule synthesized from phenylalanine and tyrosine (2012-II *, 2011-I *)
How ammonia is detoxified in human body / ammonia toxicity (2012-II *, 2004-I, 2007-II *)
Specialized product, Importance, Inborn errors of aromatic aminoacid metabolism (2003-I *, 2006-I *,
2007-II *, 2004-II *)
Various product & catabolism of tyrosine (2009-II *, 2008-I *, 2004-I *)
One carbon metabolism (2016-I, 2015-II) Decarboxylation reaction of amino acids (2012-I)
Metabolic role of tyrosine (2015-II *) Metabolic role of methionine (2013-I *, 2011-II *)
Hormones produce from amino acid (2014-I *) Formation of ammonia and fate (2011-I *)
Disposal of ammonia (2017-II *) Metabolism of tryptophan (2009-I *)
Transdeamination (2013-II *) Homocysteinuria (2008-I *, 2007-I *)
Proteolytic enzyme (2013-I *, 2011-II *) Oxidative deamination (2004-I)
Hartn up’s disease (2012-I, 2009-II) Fate of aminoacids after absorptions (2003-I *)
Adenosine deaminase deficiency (2012-II) Inter conversion of glucose to aminoacid (2002-I)
Maple syrup urine disease (2018-II *, 2012-II) Biogenic amines (2001-II *)
Digestion and absorption of proteins (2012-I *)
Protein chemistry
Alpha helix & Beta pleated seat – structure, feature, importance (2003-II *)
Formation of peptide bond and biological importance of peptides (2018-I *, 2010-II *, 2007-II,
2004-II *)
Denaturation of protein (2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2008-II *)
Primary structure of proteins & it’s important (2013-II, 2009-I *)
Secondary structure of protein (2018-II *, 2015-I *, 2012-II *, 2008-I *)
Significance, Structural classification, Basic structure of proteins (2013-I *, 2015-II *, 2014-II *,
2009-II *, 2006-II *, 2006-I *, 2003-I *)
Function and classification of protein with example (2017-I *, 2016-II *)
Secondary, tertiary, quaternary structural of protein (2002-I *)
Types and function of globulins (2017-I) Albumin (2017-II *)
Classify aminoacids (2007-I *) Albinism (2011-I)
Glycogenic aminoacids (2003-I) Structural organization of protein (2007-II *)
Essential aminoacids (2016-II) Structural proteins and its disorder (2001-II *)
Homocycteine (2014-I)
Purine – pyrimidine
Nucleic acid & nucleotides
Gout (2019-I *, 2018-I *, 2017-II *, 2016-I, 2015-II *, 2015-I, 2014-I *, 2013-II, 2012-II, 2011-I *,
2009-I *, 2008-II, 2007-I *, 2004-I *, 2003-I *)
Alcohol and acute gouty arthritis (2018-II *)
Purine salvage pathway (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2012-I, 2011-I *, 2009-II, 2009-I,
2007-II, 2004-II, 2003-I, 2002-I)
Formation of uric acid / Synthesis of uric acid from hypoxanthine (2013-I, 2003-I, 2011-I)
Salvage pathway and its significance (2018-II, 2017-I, 2015-II, 2014-II, 2006-I, 2003-II)
Biological importance, functions of nucleotides (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2010-II,
2003-II, 2015-I)
Synthesis of uric acid from hypoxanthine, formation of uric acid (2011-I, 2013-I, 2003-I)
Synthetic analogues of nucleotides & use in medicine (2013-II, 2008-I, 2001-II)
Name the carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms suppliers of purine and pyrimidine ring (2018-II, 2008-I,
2007-I)
Formation of PRPP (phosphoribosyl diphosphate) and its utilization (2003-II, 2004-II)
Hyperuricemia (2016-II, 2011-I *, 2009-II *, 2007-I *, 2002-I *)
Lesch-nyhan syndrome (2018-I *, 2016-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2006-II)
Purine catabolism (2016-I, 2014-II, 2009-II *, 2008-II, 2003-II)
Modified nitrogenous bases as anticancer agent (2012-II)
Orotic Aciduria (2018-II, 2017-I, 2009-I, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Nucleotide derivative of co enzymes (2006-I, 2004-II)
Disorder of pyrimidine synthesis (2017-II) Formation of AMP and GMP from IMP (2010-II)
Regulation of purine synthesis (2018-II) Uricosuric drug (2009-I *)
Carbamoyl phosphate synthase-II (2016-II) Derivatives of nucleosides & nucleotides (2007-I)
Pyrimidine degradation (2014-I, 2006-II, 2018-I) Adenine nucleotide & importance (2003-I)
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (2012-II) Guanine nucleotide catabolism (2001-II)
Allopurinol as a treatment for Gout (2012-I)
Other
Acetyl CoA is a central metabolic as an Amphibolic molecule (2010-II, 2003-II)
Importance of major plasma proteins and significance of their altered value (2019-I *, 2001-II *)
Ceruloplasmin (2003-II)
TCA cycle in integration of metabolism (2001-II)
Amphibolic role of TCA cycle (2003-I, 2006-II, 2004-II, 2014-II)
Anabolic and catabolic role TCA cycle (2008-I)
Anaplerotic role of Kreb’s cycle (2015-I, 2016-I)
Common terminal metabolic pathway (2007-I)
Interlinking metabolism at tissue level (2019-I)
Nitrogen balance (2018-II) Tumor markers (2014-I *)
Cyclic AMP (2004-I, 2002-I) Mechanism of action of insulin (2014-I)
Metabolic acidosis (2007-II *) Hypercholesterolemia (2014-I *)
Ketoacidosis (2016-II) Blood pH role in medicine (2014-I)
Second messengers (2009-II) Isoenzyme (2004-I)
Oncogenes (2013-I, 2011-II)
Vitamin
Metabolic role, Functions and deficiency of ascorbic acid / vitamin C (2019-I, 2018-II, 2017-II,
2015-II *, 2014-II *, 2013-I *, 2011-II *, 2010-II, 2007-I, 2006-I)
Coenzyme form & one reaction (1) pyridoxine (2) thiamine (3) Niacin - (2017-II, 2017-I, 2016-I)
Role of vitamin A & deficiency (2019-I, 2016-II, 2015-I, 2013-II, 2012-I *)
Function, Action of vitamin D on intestine, kidney and bone metabolism (2018-II *, 2017-I *, 2009-I,
2007-II)
Deficiency disorder of folic acid (2016-II)
Antioxidant vitamins (2018-I, 2016-II, 2004-II, 2003-I)
Beri beri (2016-II, 2015-II, 2014-I, 2009-I)
Rickets (2018-II *, 2016-I *, 2013-II, 2007-I *, 2002-I *)
Scurvy (2016-I, 2006-I)
Biochemical role, Function, deficiency of vitamin K / vitamin K cycle (2015-II, 2014-I *, 2013-I, 2011-II
/ 2009-I)
Deficiency of vitamin C & vitamin D (2015-I *, 2014-II)
Absorption, transport, Function, Disorder of vitamin B12 (2019-I *, 2018-I, 2015-II, 2006-II, 2004-II)
Coenzyme role of folic acid & in one carbon metabolism (2015-I)
Wald’s visual cycle, Rhodopsin cycle & related disorder (2014-II, 2010-II, 2007-II, 2006-II *, 2001-II,
2008-II, 2004-II)
Night blindness and role of vitamin A (2018-I *)
Retinoids and their biological role (2008-I)
FIGLU test (2014-I)
Metabolic role of vitamin B6 / pyridoxine (2013-II, 2008-II, 2002-I)
Biochemical function of pyridoxal phosphate / Role of PLP (2010-II / 2003-II)
Coenzyme form of different water soluble vitamin (2012-II, 2001-II)
Pellagra (2019-I, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II, 2008-II)
Vitamin D as like hormone (2012-I, 2006-II)
Hematopoietic vitamins (2018-II, 2012-I)
Role of folate and cyanocobalamin in DNA synthesis (2011-I *)
Biochemical role of retinal (2011-I)
Thiamine pyrophosphate TPP – formation, biological function / role in oxidative carboxylation
(2011-I, 2003-II / 2004-I *)
Folate trap / cycle (2019-I *, 2010-II, 2007-I, 2003-II)
Formation of tetrahydrofolate & role in DNA synthesis / folic acid as coenzyme (2010-II * / 2006-I)
Vitamin E – sources and functions (2019-I, 2009-II)
Four reaction in which biotin required as coenzyme (2008-I)
Coenzyme of vitamin B complex group (2007-II)
Function & deficiency of thiamine (2006-II, 2004-I *)
Deficiency disorders of FAT soluble vitamins (2006-I *)
Folic acid – function, deficiency disease & folate antagonist (2004-II *)
Megaloblastic anemia in folate deficiency (2003-II *)
Calcitriol – synthesis, function, disease, role in growth of child (2003-I *, 2001-II *)
Inter relation between folic acid & vitamin B12 (2001-II)
Relation between thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolatereductase (2002-I)
Minerals
Maintenance of serum calcium and phosphorus (2019-I *)
Hormonal regulation of plasma calcium / calcium homeostasis (2017-II * / 2013-I *, 2013-II, 2012-II *,
2011-II *, 2009-II *, 2015-II *)
Calcium - metabolism, functions, dietary source, absorption, Role in the body (2015-I *, 2014-I,
2009-II *, 2004-II *, 2003-II *, 2011-I *, 2006-II *)
Absorption, transport and storage of Iron (2004-I *, 2010-II *, 2012-I, 2016-I *, 2017-II *)
Sources, recommended dietary allowance (RDA), absorption, function, deficiency of Iron (2012 II *,
2002-I *, 2003-I *, 2014-II *)
Microcytic and hypochromic anemia causing trace elements (2006-I *)
Metabolic role of copper and zinc & important (2018-I *, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2009-II)
Selenium & antioxidant role (2018-II *, 2012-I, 2009-II, 2008-II *, 2007-I *)
Trace elements & their role (2019-I *, 2017-I *, 2013-II *, 2007-II *)
Function of minerals nutrition (2015-I)
Wilson’s disease (2016-II *)
Macrominerals (2014-I)
Minerals for erythropoiesis (2011-I)
Osteomalacia and osteoporosis (2011-I, 2007-I *)
Fluoride (2007-I *)
Nutrition
Role of dietary fiber in body (2018-I, 2017-II, 2017-I, 2007-II, 2006-II, 2002-I)
Difference Marasmus and Kwashiorkor (2017-I *, 2015-II, 2014-II, 2007-II *, 2006-II *)
Protein energy malnourishment PEM (2018-I, 2016-II *, 2016-I, 2004-II, 2015-I, 2002-I *)
Obesity and over nutrition (2016-II *, 2006-I)
BMR & affecting factor (2018-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2007-II, 2003-II, 2002-I,
2006-I)
Dietary constituent (2015-I *)
Balanced diet (2019-I, 2014-II *, 2012-I *, 2008-II, 2008-I, 2006-II)
Specific dynamic action (2013-II, 2010-II, 2008-I, 2004-I)
Dietary fibers (2018-II, 2013-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2003-I)
Calorific value (2013-I, 2011-II)
Calculate the energy requirement of male medical student (2012-II)
Kwashiorkor (2012-II)
Fat and its nutritional importance (2011-I)
Biological value of proteins (2016-II, 2010-II, 2001-II)
Role of carbohydrate in diet (2009-I)
Malnutrition (2009-I)
Diet & coronary heart disease (2008-II *)
Total parenteral nutrition (2008-II)
Prepare diet chart of pregnant lady (2007-I)
Nutritional importance of dietary proteins (2007-I, 2006-I)
Role of liver & adipose tissue in prolonged fasting (2004-II)
Nutritional importance PUFA (2003-I)
Significance of cholesterol level (2004-I)
Hypercholesterolemia (2014-I *)
Molecular biology
DNA structure, function & types (2017-II, 2014-II, 2013-II *, 2001-II)
Post transcriptional changes (2017-II, 2015-II, 2008-II, 2008-I, 2004-II, 2003-I)
Genetic code & feature (2019-I, 2017-II, 2016-I, 2015-I, 2014-II, 2013-I *, 2012-I, 2011-II *, 2011-I,
2009-I, 2008-I, 2006-II, 2004-II, 2001-II)
ELISA (2017-II *, 2017-I *)
t-RNA structure and functions (2019-I, 2018-I, 2017-II, 2016-II, 2013-II, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2007-II, 2009-I,
2006-II, 2004-II, 2003-II, 2003-I)
Characteristic feature of human DNA (2017-I)
Structure and function of m-RNA (2017-I, 2009-II, 2002-I)
Restriction endonuclease & its importance (2017-I, 2015-II, 2009-II, 2006-II, 2008-II, 2004-I)
Chaperons and their role (2017-I)
Post transitional modifications (2019-I, 2018-II, 2017-I, 2012-II, 2009-II, 2007-I, 2004-I,
2003-II, 2001-II)
Difference – DNA & RNA (2016-II, 2014-I)
PCR & its application, use in medicine, DNA amplification (2018-II, 2016-II *, 2010-II *, 2006-I *,
2003-II, 2014-I *, 2004-I)
Reverse transcriptase enzyme & reverse transcription (2016-II)
Application of r-DNA, describe various step (2018-I, 2016-II, 2016-I *, 2015-I, 2014-II *, 2013-II *,
2012-II *, 2012-I, 2010-II, 2007-II)
Genome library (2016-II)
Mutations (2016-I *, 2015-II *, 2012-II, 2010-II, 2006-II *)
Translation (2016-I)
Lac operon / operon model of gene regulation (2019-I, 2018-II, 2016-I, 2015-II, 2013-I, 2011-II, 2007-II,
2006-II / 2015-I)
RNAs (2016-I, 2015-II, 2015-I, 2006-I)
Replication (2016-I, 2015-II, 2014-I, 2012-I *, 2011-II, 2009-II *, 2007-I)
Replication in eukaryotes (2015-I *)
Transcription (2014-II)
Inhibitors of proteins synthesis (2018-I, 2014-II, 2013-II, 2009-I, 2007-I)
DNA finger printing (2014-II, 2008-II *, 2001-II)
Gene therapy (2014-I, 2006-II, 2004-I *, 2001-II)
Watson – crick model of DNA & important of double helix structure (2018-II, 2012-II, 2007-I, 2004-I *,
2002-I)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] (2006-I, 2002-I)
Nucleosomes & Organization of nuclear material in cell nucleus (2010-II, 2008-I)
Excision repair mechanism & its failure disease (2008-I *)
DNS damage and repair, disorders (2002-I *, 2004-II *, 2003-I *)
Point mutation & abnormal hemoglobin (2018-I, 2003-II *)
Southern blot technique & DNA probing (2008-I, 2004-II, 2004-I)
c-DNA (2002-I)
Wobble’s hypothesis (2012-I)
Vectors for DNA recombination (2011-I)
Zinc finger motif and leucine zipper motif (2006-I)
DNA polymerases (2011-I)
Silent mutation (2009-II)
Frame shift mutation (2009-I)
Formation of replication fork (2009-I)
Cell cycle and its importance (2008-II)
Secondary structure of DNA (2008-II)
Mutagens (2008-II)
Mismatch repair mechanism (2008-I)
Mitochondrial DNA (2007-II)
DNA repair (2007-II)
Inhibitors of DNA replication (2007-I)
Cell free molecular cloning (2007-I, 2001-II *)
Okazaki fragments (2006-I)
DNA organization into chromosomes (2006-I)
Inhibitors of transcription (2004-II)
Blotting techniques (2009-I *, 2003-I)
Western blotting technique (2018-I)
r-RNA function (2004-I)
Enzymes and protein factors in replication (2003-I)
Integration of metabolism
Biochemical changes in starvation / Metabolic adaptation in starvation (2019-I, 2017-II, 2008-II,
2015-II, 2013-II, 2012-I *, 2001-II)
Role of liver in integration of metabolism (2012-II, 2017-II)
Inter organ relationship among various organs are well fed and prolonged fasting (2008-I *)
Role of ketone bodies in starvation (2017-I)
Biochemical changes in well fed state (2018-I)
Adaptation in starvation (2016-II)
Starvation (2007-II)
Liver in well fed state and starvation (2014-II)
Adaptation of brain in starvation (2009-I)