English 4th Quarter Lesson 1 Concept Notes

USE OF APPROPRIATE GRAMMATICAL

SIGNALS FOR EACH PATTERN OF IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS
 Are writing devices such as transitional devices, connectors, determiners, and
repetitions that are used to maintain text coherence.

IDEA DEVELOPMENT
 Idea development is done by organizing ideas in a logical and clear manner that
suits the writer’s purpose.

PATTERNS OF IDEA DEVELOPMENT

 Refer to the structure of writing on how the ideas are being presented.

PATTERNS OF IDEA DEVELOPMENT

1. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR
 It discusses the general topic by presenting specific details that support it.
The writer starts with the general idea stated in the topic sentence. Then,
it is elaborated and explained through specific details and examples.
 EXAMPLE:
Getting college education in a private school in the Philippines is
expensive because of several reasons. First, the college tuition fees, and
miscellaneous fees range from P10,000 to even more than P100,000.00
(depending on the academic program being undertaken). Second, the
books are costly. Third, materials and other school supplies are also
costly. Finally, there are also special fees. The fees that college students
pay seem not only endless but also increasing in prices as well.

GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR GENERAL-TO-PARTICULAR:

also, for example, as an example, in addition to, for instance, examples of
these, first, second, third, next, furthermore, moreover, particularly,
specifically

2. CAUSE AND EFFECT

 It discusses an event that is caused by another event or the causes or
effects of something.
 EXAMPLE: “Ferlyn studied hard for her English exam. As a result, she
got a perfect score.”
 GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR CAUSE AND EFFECT:
For because, causes, creates,
expressing due to, for this reason, if
CAUSES this…then, leads to, on
account of, produces, since,
this
For as a result, consequently,
expressing hence, in effect, resulting,
EFFECTS since, therefore, thus

3. CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM

 This pattern of idea development refers to the structure of presenting a
side of an issue in an argumentative manner.
 EXAMPLE:
Many claim that one does not need to go to college to be
successful.
While it is true for some, many will agree with the notion that a
college education results in better employment.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 73

percent of young adults with a bachelor’s degree worked full time, year-
round, in 2014, compared to 64 percent of young adult high school
graduates.

Therefore, it can be said that a college education is a pre-requisite

to achieving success in life.

GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM:

CLAIM COUNTERCLAIM
agree, claim, conclude, Argue, refute, oppose,
discuss, illustrate, disagree,
observe, say, contradict,
show, suggest, however, but, in
support, think, contrast, otherwise,
state, propose, in opposition,
present, point out nevertheless, on
the other hand / on
the contrary
4. PROBLEM-SOLUTION
 This pattern of idea development is used when a writer identifies a
problem and addresses it by presenting one or more solutions.
 EXAMPLE: Due to the negligence of health protocols, COVID-19 cases
continue to increase. Therefore, we should listen to the government and
follow the health protocols to lessen the number of cases.

GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR PROBLEM-SOLUTION:

because, cause, since, as a result, in order to, and so that; as a solution; and
one way

5. PERSUATION
 This pattern of idea development intends to convince the readers to do or
believe something. It allows the writer to express his or her personal
viewpoints about a topic to convince the readers. This pattern of idea
development is based on opinions and emotions.
 EXAMPLE:
A school bazaar is something you don’t want to miss! Aside from
the wonderful experience, attending it is truly a great help. First, a school
bazaar is filled with fun activities. There are amusing games, great rides,
and entertaining attractions! Besides that, your ticket purchase will help
the school. Not only that, but it also gives you a chance to win fabulous
prizes. So, what are you waiting for? Join now and experience the fun!

GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR PERSUASION:

come, free, need, must, must not, necessary, latest, hurry, join, help, best,
better, great, proven, trusted, create, come along, urgent, amazing
experience, avail now, I believe, I urge, don't miss, can do it, and one of a
kind