English- 121

Question:
I. What is communication?
II. What are the types of communication?
III. What is interpersonal communication?
IV. What is public speaking?
V. What is the feedback in communication?
VI. What are the types of meaning?
VII. What is the communication complexity?
VIII. What is the importance of nonverbal communication in our life?
IX. Difference between formal and informal English.
X. Define topic sentence & thesis statement.

Paragraph:
✓ Artificial Intelligence in our life.
✓ Natural disaster in Bangladesh.
✓ Future of E-Commerce in Bangladesh.
✓ Cyber security and awareness in Bangladesh.
✓ Importance of visiting historical place for students.
 Job Application
May 14, 2023

The Chairman

XYZ/ABC Group/Ltd

Gulshan-2. Dhaka.

Subject: Application for the post of “-------------------------"

Dear Sir,

In response to your advertisement published on Bdjobstoday.com, I am writing to let you know of my interest in your
[company/college/university/organization]. I have completed a Masters Degree in [Field of Study] from
[University/College/Institute], in 2023 with a CGPA of [CGPA] out of 4.00. I have completed a BA. (Hons.)/B.SC degree in
[Field of Study] with a CGPA of [CGPA] out of 4.00 from [University]. In addition to my education, I have three years of
job experience as an [Previous Job Position] in [Company/Organization], and I have six months of [Previous Job Position]
experience as [Job Description] in [Company/Organization] as described on the enclosed CV. I am also adept at
administering [mention relevant skills or software]. I like to keep regular office hours, and I am always on the right page
when it comes to needs and practices.

I would appreciate the chance to come in for an interview.

Sincerely Yours

[Signature]

[Name]

15.05.23
▪ What is communication?
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another.
George Vardman defines effective communication as “purposive interchange, resulting in workable
understanding and agreement between the sender and receiver of a massage”
According to Alan Louis, “Communication is the sum of all the things one person does create understanding
in the mind of another; it involves a systemetic and continuous process of telling,listening and
understanding.
To Keith Davis, communication is “the transfer of information and understanding from one person to
another person.”

▪ What are the types of communication?

There are different types of communication.Like,
o Intrapersonal communication: Talking to oneself in one’s mind. E.g. soliloquies or asides.
o Interpersonal communication: exchange of message between two persons. E.g.
conversation,dialogue,interview,author-reader.
o Group communication: Among small or large groups.Here individuals retain their identity. E.g.
organization,club,classroom.
o Mass communication: When message is sent to large groups of people. E.g.
newspaper,television or radio. Here almost no chance for personal response or feedback.
o Verbal communication: Communicating with words, written or spoken. E.g.
speaking,listening,writing,reading,thinking.
o Non verbal communication: Letters,E-Mails,Books,magazinesthe internet or via other media.

▪ What is interpersonal communication?

The process of interpersonal communication cannot be regarded as a phenomena which simply
happens. Instead, it must be seen as a process that involves participants who negotiate their roles with
each other, whether consciously or unconsciously.
A message or communication is sent by the sender through a communication channel to one or more
recipients.The sender must encode the massage the information being conveyed into a form that is
appropriate to the communication channel, and the recipient then decodes the message to understand
its meaning and significance.
Misunderstanding can occur at any stage of the communication process.
Effective communication involves missing potential misunderstanding and overcoming any barriers to
communication at each stage in the communication process.

▪ What is public speaking?

Public speaking is the process and act of speaking or giving a lecture to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain a listening audience.
Public speaking is commonly understood as face-to-face speaking between individuals and an
audience for the purpose of communication. It is closely allied to "presenting", although the latter is
more often associated with commercial activity. Most of the time, public speaking is to persuade the
audience.
 There are five elements of public speaking, and it basically boils down to who is saying what to
whom using what medium with what effect. In other words, who is the source of the message. What
is the message itself. Whom is the audience, while the medium is the actual delivery
method and ending in the effect. Think of the effect as the speaker's intent for the speech.

▪ What is the feedback in communication?

The final part of a communication is feedback. The recipient lets the sender know that they have received
and understood the message.
Recipients of messagen are likely to provide feedback on how they have understood the messages
through both verbal and non-verbal reactions. Effective communications pay close attention to this
feedback as it is the only way to assess whether the massage has been understood as intended,and it
allows any confusion to be corrected.
▪ What are the types of meaning?
Can’t find the answar
▪ What is the communication complexity?
Communication complexity in the realm of communicative English refers to the level of difficulty
involved in effectively conveying and understanding information in the English language. It encompasses
the challenges individuals face when communicating in English, including expressing ideas clearly,
comprehending others, and overcoming language barriers. Factors contributing to communication
complexity include language proficiency, vocabulary limitations, grammar errors, cultural differences,
and unfamiliarity with idiomatic expressions. Enhancing communication complexity entails improving
language skills, such as vocabulary, grammar, and fluency, as well as developing active listening abilities,
understanding cultural nuances, and adapting communication styles appropriately. By focusing on these
aspects, individuals can enhance their effectiveness in English communication.
▪ What is the importance of nonverbal communication in our life?
Non-verbal communication holds significant importance in various aspects of human interaction. Firstly,
it serves as a powerful tool for expressing emotions, with facial expressions and body gestures conveying
a wide range of feelings. This enables individuals to understand and empathize with one another.
Secondly, non-verbal cues play a vital role in establishing interpersonal relationships, as they contribute
to building trust and determining the sincerity of others. Research suggests that non-verbal
communication can communicate up to 93 percent of our attitudes and beliefs.
Thirdly, non-verbal communication complements and enhances verbal interaction by reinforcing,
contradicting, emphasizing, or clarifying spoken messages. It adds depth and nuance to our
communication, helping to convey intentions more effectively. Additionally, non-verbal cues provide
insights into individuals' personalities, as facial expressions and behaviors reflect their character and
emotional state.
Lastly, while non-verbal communication may vary across cultures and contexts, it remains a fundamental
aspect of effective communication, conveying meanings and facilitating understanding beyond words
alone.
▪ Difference between formal and informal English.
Differences between formal and informal English.
Formal Informal
Used in official, literary, academic, etc. content. Used in everyday, personal conversations
Typically used in careful, edited writing — when Typically used in “improvised” speech — when
the writer has a lot of time to polish his text. the speaker is speaking without preparation, as
 Formal English also occurs in speech, usually
when the speaker is saying something that was
prepared beforehand (for example, reading
the news delivering an official speech).
Sentences are longer and more complicated, for
example: Toyota’s US sales bounced back in March
as substantial discounts helped to win back customers discounts have actually worked.
who had been shaken by the firm’s mass safety
recalls.
The standard of correctness is higher. Some
things are considered correct (or at least
acceptable) in informal English, but wrong in
formal English. For example: I’ve made less
mistakes. (formal: I’ve made fewer mistakes.)
A huge number of words and phrases are used
mainly in formal English. For example:
nevertheless, to disclose, to constitute, to
undertake, daunting, impervious, anew, truly, solace
enchant, frantically, sizeable, to
, to clutch, heyday, as it happens, upsurge, retrieval
Many (but not all) phrasal verbs are avoided.
in a conversation (in real life or over the phone).
Informal English also occurs in writing, usually
whenever the writer is writing quickly and
without editing (for example, in an Internet
chatroom or in quick, personal e-mails).
Sentences are simpler and shorter, for example:
Did you see Toyota’s sales figures? Looks like the
Informal English contains useful “everyday
phrases”, for example: Here you are. There
You go. (when giving something to someone)
A huge number of words and phrases are
informal used mainly in English. For example:
dude, freaking, uhhuh, nope (= no), to
puke, trashy, grownup, awesome, to chill out, stuff,
hard-up, to tick somebody off, to sell like crazy.
Phrasal verbs are used frequently. For example,
situations, people usually say found out instead
of discovered, came across instead of
encountered and got away instead of escaped.

▪ Define topic sentence & thesis statement.

Topic Sentence
A topic sentence is a sentence, sometimes at the beginning of a paragraph, that states or suggests the
main idea (or topic) of a paragraph.
Not all paragraphs begin with topic sentences. In some, the topic sentence appears in the middle
or at the end.A good topic sentence is concise and emphatic. It is no longer than the idea requires, and
it stresses the important word or phrase.
Thesis statement
The thesis statement is a one or two sentence encapsulation of your paper’s main point, main idea, or
main message. Your paper’s thesis statement will be addressed and defended in the body
paragraphs and the conclusion.
A good thesis statement reflects well-crafted ideas. It also signals a writer who is committed, intelligent,
and enthusiastic about his or her own ideas. Below is a final list of things a writer
should do—and also avoid doing—while writing a thesis.

Artificial Intelligence in our life

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of our lives, transforming various aspects of society and
reshaping the way we live, work, and interact. AI technologies have permeated sectors such as healthcare, finance,
transportation, entertainment, and more. In healthcare, AI assists in diagnosing diseases, analyzing medical
images, and developing personalized treatment plans. It also enables advancements in autonomous vehicles,
improving road safety and revolutionizing transportation. AI-powered virtual assistants and chatbots enhance
customer service experiences, while recommendation systems personalize our online shopping and
entertainment choices. Moreover, AI plays a vital role in data analysis, allowing businesses to extract valuable
insights, predict trends, and make informed decisions. However, with the increasing integration of AI, ethical
considerations such as privacy, bias, and transparency arise, demanding responsible development and
deployment. As AI continues to evolve, its impact on our lives will only grow, making it crucial to strike a balance
between harnessing its potential benefits and addressing the associated challenges.

Natural disaster in Bangladesh

Bangladesh, a country located in South Asia, is highly susceptible to natural disasters. The geographical location
and topography of the region make it prone to cyclones, floods, and droughts. Cyclones, in particular, have had
devastating effects on the country, causing loss of lives and extensive damage to infrastructure. The coastal areas
are most vulnerable, with storms and tidal surges posing significant threats. Additionally, Bangladesh experiences
annual monsoon rains, which often lead to severe flooding, displacing thousands of people and damaging
agricultural lands. The densely populated nature of the country exacerbates the impact of natural disasters,
making it challenging to provide timely assistance and support to affected communities. Efforts have been made
to improve disaster preparedness and response, including early warning systems and the construction of cyclone
shelters. However, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters continue to pose significant challenges to
Bangladesh, requiring ongoing resilience-building efforts and international cooperation to mitigate the impact and
protect vulnerable populations.

Future of E-Commerce in Bangladesh

The future of e-commerce in Bangladesh appears promising, poised for significant growth and transformation.
With the rapid expansion of internet penetration, increasing smartphone usage, and the rising popularity of digital
payment systems, the e-commerce landscape in Bangladesh is experiencing a remarkable shift. The convenience
and accessibility offered by online shopping platforms have already captured the attention of a growing number
of consumers. As technology continues to advance and logistics infrastructure improves, e-commerce is expected
to reach even more remote areas of the country, enabling a wider customer base to participate in online
transactions. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the adoption of e-commerce as
consumers prioritize contactless shopping experiences. This trend is expected to persist in the post-pandemic era.
To support this growth, investments in digital infrastructure, secure payment gateways, and last-mile delivery
networks will be crucial. Additionally, the government's initiatives to create a favorable regulatory environment
and foster entrepreneurship in the e-commerce sector will play a vital role in shaping the future of e-commerce
in Bangladesh, with the potential to drive economic growth and enhance opportunities for businesses and
consumers alike.
 Cyber security and awareness in Bangladesh
Cybersecurity and awareness in Bangladesh have become critical factors due to the rapid growth of digital
technologies and the increasing prevalence of cyber threats. As more individuals, businesses, and government
entities embrace digital platforms, the need to protect sensitive information and systems from cyber attacks is
paramount. Bangladesh has taken significant steps to enhance cybersecurity measures, including the
establishment of organizations such as the Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) and the Bangladesh
Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). These organizations work towards creating awareness about
cyber risks and implementing cybersecurity frameworks and regulations. Moreover, educational institutions,
private companies, and government agencies have been conducting awareness campaigns and training programs
to educate the public about safe online practices, such as the proper handling of personal information, the use of
strong passwords, and the recognition of phishing attempts. However, there is still a need for continuous efforts
to improve cybersecurity infrastructure, develop skilled professionals, and foster a culture of cybersecurity
awareness among all stakeholders in Bangladesh. By doing so, the country can better protect its digital assets,
promote secure online environments, and mitigate the risks associated with cyber threats.

Importance of visiting historical place for students

Visiting historical places holds great significance for students. Firstly, it provides them with a tangible connection
to the past, allowing them to witness firsthand the remnants of significant events and eras. By standing in the
midst of historical sites, students can gain a deeper understanding of the context in which these events unfolded,
enhancing their comprehension and appreciation of history. Secondly, such visits offer an immersive and
experiential learning opportunity. Students can engage with artifacts, structures, and landmarks, which brings
history to life in a way that textbooks cannot fully capture. This hands-on experience stimulates their curiosity,
encourages critical thinking, and fosters a deeper sense of cultural and historical awareness. Additionally, visiting
historical places promotes a sense of cultural identity and heritage among students. They can develop a personal
connection to their country's history and develop a broader perspective on global history. Overall, these visits
provide a unique educational experience that enriches students' knowledge, fosters a love for history, and
cultivates a deeper understanding of the world we inhabit.