1.

Slips and lapses: These errors occur when individuals perform actions unintentionally or fail to
perform actions they intended to do. Slips involve performing the wrong action, while lapses
involve forgetting to perform a necessary action.

2. Mistakes: Mistakes occur when individuals have incorrect intentions or make incorrect decisions
based on their understanding of a situation. Mistakes can be categorized into two types: rule-
based mistakes and knowledge-based mistakes.

3. Violations: Violations refer to deliberate deviations from rules, procedures, or regulations.

Individuals may intentionally violate safety protocols due to various reasons such as time
pressure, perceived efficiency gains, lack of awareness about the consequences, or personal
attitudes towards safety.

4. Lack of attention: Accidents can also occur due to a lack of attention and situational awareness
on the part of individuals. When individuals fail to pay sufficient attention to their surroundings
or fail to perceive critical information accurately, they may miss important cues or fail to
respond appropriately in hazardous situations.

5. Distraction: Distractions can divert an individual's attention away from the task at hand, leading
to errors or omissions. Common sources of distraction include mobile devices, conversations,
loud noises, or personal issues.

6. Fatigue: Fatigue can impair an individual's cognitive abilities, including attention, reaction time,
and decision-making. Fatigue can result from various factors such as lack of sleep, long working
hours, shift work, or strenuous physical or mental activities

7. Poor decision-making is another individual failure that can contribute towards accidents. It
involves making choices that lead to undesirable outcomes due to factors such as inadequate
information processing, cognitive biases, overconfidence, or pressure to perform.

8. Overconfidence: Overconfidence refers to an individual's excessive belief in their own abilities or

judgments. Overconfident individuals may underestimate risks, overestimate their skills, or
disregard warning signs, leading to poor decision-making and potential accidents.
9. Time pressure: When individuals are under time pressure to complete a task or meet deadlines,
they may be more likely to take shortcuts, skip safety procedures, or make hasty decisions
without considering all the relevant factors.