Anual UNI Práctica dirigida de Filosofía

SEMANA

16
INGLÉS
SEMESTRAL SAN MARCOS II
Prepositions
Prepositions of Time, Place and Movement

Prepositions are often very small words, but that doesn’t stop them having a lot of different roles.

Prepositions of Place and Movement | Video

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Prepositions of Time, Place and Movement

A preposition is a word or set of words that indicates location (in, near, beside, on top of) or some other
relationship between a noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence (about, after, besides, instead of,
in accordance with). A preposition isn’t a preposition unless it goes with a related noun or pronoun, called
the object of the preposition.

Prepositions of Time

A preposition of time is a preposition that allows you to discuss a specific time period such as a date on
the calendar, one of the days of the week, or the actual time something takes place. Prepositions of time
are the same words as prepositions of place, however they are used in a different way. You can easily dis-
tinguish these prepositions, as they always discuss times rather than places.

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Examples:
• Meet me at five o’clock.
• I work all day on Saturdays.
• He likes to read in the evening.
• He worked for twenty years.

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Prepositions of Place

Prepositions of place describe the position of a person or thing in relation to another person or thing.
Now look at these example sentences:
• There is a cup on the table.
• The helicopter hovered above the house.
• The police placed a sheet over the body.
• He stood in front of the door and rang the bell.
• Ram sat beside Tara.
• A small stream runs below that bridge.
• He put the key under the doormat.
• He put his hands behind his back.

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Prepositions of Movement

Prepositions of movement are used to show movement from one place to another. These prepositions
are most often used with verbs of motion and are found after the verb.

For example:
• I go to school by bus.
• You must walk across the street at the crosswalk.
• He’s walking along the path.
• You must drive around the city center to reach the cinema.
• We are going down to Florida this summer.
• We went into the shop on the corner.
• We get off the train at the next stop.
• Walk past the theater on the right and the bank is on the left.

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 Exercises
Text 1: New Year Parties
Most people celebrate the New Year, and many
of them do that by attending a party. Some parties
may be small while others will be quite big. Some
parties will be at a person’s home while other mi-
ght be outside in a city center.
The simplest and smallest New Year parties
are those that a single family will have in their own
house. This is where the parents and children will
just spend time together. Some years a family will
spend time like this and then in other years they
will go to other types of parties. Often the family at
a house party will eat a meal together and then wait
for midnight. While waiting they play games, watch
television, or talk to each other.
Another type of party will be where someo-
ne will invite a group of friends to their house for
a celebration. This will be a bit of a bigger party,
and depending on the size of the house ten to thirty
people may attend. If there are not many people at
the party they may sit down and eat a formal meal,
while for a bigger party it will be a buffet where
people stand up and help themselves to food. Often
the people who come to the party will each bring
something to share that everyone can eat.
The biggest parties that happen are public par-
ties in the middle of some cities. For these parties,
groups of friends will spend the evening and night
outside, often visiting several different pubs and
bars. They might have a drink in one pub and then
walk to another pub where they will have another
drink. When it is getting close to midnight most of
the people will finish their drink in the bar or pub
and go to some central point in the city. At this place
there will be a big countdown to midnight and the
start of the New Year. After midnight the people will
then either go home or go to a nightclub so they can
celebrate for even longer.
As people get older the type of party they at-
tend may change. A young person may go out to a
big city center party while an older person may just
want to spend time at home with their family.
1. Who attends the smallest type of party?
A) Everyone who lives on the same street.
B) Just the family.
C) All of the person’s friends.
D) No one as the parties are very boring.
2. When a part has a buffet, who supplies the
food?
A) Everyone who attends the party.
B) The host.
C) A special company.
D) Just one of the guests.
3. Who most often attends city center parties?
A) Old people
B) Young children
C) Groups of friends
D) Single people
4. When people go to a city center party, what do
they do all night?
A) They visit many different pubs or bars.
B) They visit many different museums.
C) They visit many different house parties.
D) They visit many different nightclubs.
5. How do people know when it is midnight at a
city center party?
A) They look at their mobile phones.
B) There is a big countdown.
C) They ask their friends.
D) There are lots of televisions for them to watch.
Text 2: I Love You Computer Worm
The I LOVE YOU worm was one of the most
destructive malware programs ever created. It first
started spreading in the Philippines on May 5, 2000.
It appeared as an e-mail message with the subject
line “ILOVEYOU.”
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Users who opened the e-mail were presen- 6. A file that can be downloaded from an e-mail
ted with an attachment that read “LOVE-LET- is called
TER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs.” An attachment is a file sent
via e-mail that can be downloaded by the e-mail A) an attachment
recipient. When a recipient of the e-mail opened B) a worm
the attachment, it activated a “worm.” A worm is C) a virus
a malware program designed to spread over a ne- D) a program
twork of connected computers. In this case, the
7. The ILOVEYOU worm was able to spread
worm sent itself via e-mail to all of the e-mail con-
because
tacts on the infected computer. Thus, the worm was
able to continually infect computers on the same
A) it was more powerful that computer
network and other networks as users unwittingly
networks.
continued to download the attachment, activating B) it tricked people into downloading it on to
the same cycle. The worm spread quickly because their computer.
e-mails appeared to be sent by friends or acquain- C) it cost the world billions of dollars.
tances. In this way, users were tricked into believing D) it overwhelmed e-mail systems.
the e-mail and the attachment were safe to open.
Furthermore, users may have been tricked because 8. Why did the malware authors use .txt as part of
part of the file extension (.txt) indicated the file was the file extension?
a text file, a file with plain text that cannot initiate
installation. Because of a weakness in the Micro- A) So that people knew it was a worm
soft operating system, the “.vbs” part of the exten- B) To be able to keep track of the number of
sion (short for Visual Basic Script), which can lead infections
to installation, was hidden from users. Once the C) To hide their identities
worm had infected a computer, it was able to ac- D) Because .txt files cannot install programs
cess user data and destroy or modify the file system on computers
and operating system. The worm also succeeded in
overwhelming e-mail systems because of the sheer
9. Which was not an effect of the ILOVEYOU
worm?
number of e-mails it produced.
The I LOVE YOU worm devastated systems
A) Crippled e-mail systems
worldwide. Some experts calculated that nearly 1
B) Lost operating systems
in 10 of the world’s computers were infected. The
C) Destroyed the operating system
worm cost the world an estimated 24 billion dollars D) Demands for payment
in lost hardware removal efforts.
Later in 2000, the worm was traced to have ori- 10. The authors of the malware
ginated from the apartment of a computer science
student in the Philippines. He and a partner were A) went to jail for many years
arrested, but were ultimately not charged with any B) were arrested
crime, because at the time, the Philippines had no C) were ultimately charged with crimes
laws that made writing malware illegal. D) had to pay for damages