Unit 12.

I don´t feel very well

Listening & reading Grammar Vocabulary Writing & recording Quiz

Listening: Memories from Relative clauses Health Summary of a movie Listening quiz:
our lives Grammar exercises Compound nouns what is this?
Listening & reading test Prepositions Vocabulary exercises
Reading Grammar exercises

Listening & reading

Listening: Memories from our lives
Listen to the following audio about the past in people’s lives and what they can remember.

Listen to the text twice, paying attention to the vocabulary and try to answer the questions. Then, check the
answers with the text.

Suggestion: read the questions before you start listening.

Listening & reading test

1. Is the research done for all kinds of patients? 5. Does money play an important role in the project?
A. Yes, all kinds of diseases and patients. A. No, the most important thing is the patients and family.
B. No, only for Alzheimer’s or dementia’s patients. B. Yes, the project is really expensive.
C. Only to those who pay. C. Yes, the tool they are designing will be very expensive for
families.
2. What aspect is the worst in Alzheimer and/or dementia?
A. Loss of short-term memory.
B. Loss of long-term memory.
C. Loss of short and long-term memory.

3. Which is the main goal of the research?

A. Watch movies from old movie stars.
B. Watch scenes from their local areas.
C. Provoke a reaction in their different kind of memories:
global and local.

4. The origin of the project comes from: 155

A. Dr Frank’ ideas.
B. Dr Frank’s visit to nursing homes.
C. He has a relative suffering from the disease.

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 Reading
Now, read the text and check your answers.

Memories from our lives

Patients with diseases such as Alzheimer or
dementia see a ray of light with the development of
technological tools to help them communicate with
their family and friends. One of the worst aspects
of suffering from dementia or Alzheimer is the loss
of short-term memory while long-term memories
often stay strong.
A group of researchers and scholars from the United
Kingdom have designed a touch-screen multimedia
system which patients, carers and their families can
use as a conversation tool.
The research group includes software and
multimedia designers and psychologists. Their aim
is to provoke a reaction in their different kind of
memories: global, showing them clips from famous
movie stars, and local, scenes from their local areas.
The final step will include personal memories.
The origin of this project comes from Dr. Frank, an
engineer working on the project. He was visiting
a nursing home and witnessed how hard it was for
family members who had difficult and stressful visits
with relatives. At some point, family would stop
coming. Therefore, a temporary “connection” with
reality will be very significant for the families and
patients.
Obviously, the economic factor is becoming
important but Dr. Frank is sure that the costs could
be reduced in a short period of time if the research
is successful. “We are not looking for profits. Our
investment is on our patients and their families. Our
goal is to make patients remember who they were
and are".
Vocabulary
Diseases: enfermedades
Loss: pérdida
Short-term memory: memoria a corto plazo
Researchers: investigadores
Nursing home: residencia de ancianos
Witnessed: fue testigo

Grammar
Relative clauses
Look at these two examples:

I met a man in the street. He got dizzy → I met a man who got dizzy

Mark was wearing a hat. It was made of silk → Mark was wearing a hat that/which was made of silk

We join two sentences into a relative clause, like in Spanish, in order to qualify a
noun, and tell us exactly which person or thing is being referred to.

Who, that and which are relative pronouns.

They add necessary information to identify something or someone. Therefore, we can use relative clauses to
describe and define objects and/or people:

I’ve got a friend. He is allergic to cats → I’ve got a friend who is allergic to cats

I visited a friend. He’s broken his wrist and sprained/dislocated his ankle
156 → I visited a friend that had broken his wrist and sprained/dislocated his ankle
He rode a horse. The horse was famous for being brave. It won the race. It was white
→ He rode the horse which was famous for being brave. The horse that won the race was white

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From the previous examples, we establish some rules:

®® Who is only used for people:

A thief is a person who steals things Relative adverbs
The man who called me was my husband
Do you remember the woman which/that was Some relative adverbs are:
playing …?
®® Where → used to indicate place:
®® That is used for people or objects: This is the place where I started my
Martha lives in a house that is 300 years old relationship with her
The people that work in my office are very nice
®® When → used to indicate time:
®® Which is only used for objects, and never for Do you remember the holidays when we went
people: to the Everest?
A plane is a machine which flies
I‘ve got the books which you wanted

Grammar exercises
1. Fill in the gaps with who, that or which to complete the following relative clauses:

A. Do you know the young man lives on the top floor?

B. Fruit has ripened on trees is sweeter.

C. What is the name of the girl arrived late this morning?

D. Students work hard usually pass their examinations.

E. The building you can see over there is a hospital.

F. The person I met at John's was a journalist from France.

G. Will you call the person usually looks after this child, please?

H. The materials builders had used were really bad.

I. Peter Brown is the name of the man lives next door.

J. I met a man at the wedding can speak five languages.

K. What’s the name of the man lives next door?

L. Where is the photograph was on the wall?

2. Correct the sentences if necessary.

A. A thief is a person which steals things

B. A teapot is a machine who makes tea

C. Have you seen the phone that was on the table?

D. Don’t correct the sentences which are wrong

E. I met two women which can speak five languages

F. Do you know anybody who wants to buy a flat?

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G. She has a friend which is very bad at playing chess

H. Why does she always wear t-shirts who don’t fit her?

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 3. Jobs/professions.
Match the two columns to form a definition using who.

Example: a student is a boy/girl who studies

1. an ironmonger   A. writes articles in a newspaper or magazine

2. an architect   B. sells and deals with tools and utensils
3. a plumber   C. plays and writes music
4. a musician   D. sells books in a bookshop
5. a librarian   E. works with wood
6. a journalist   F. lends books to users
7. a carpenter   G. designs buildings
8. a butcher   H. fixes water pipes in kitchens and bathrooms
9. a bookseller   I. sells meat

4. Complete the definitions with who, which or where and the correct form a verb in the box. Use the
dictionary if necessary.

buy listen to cut wash answer live wear

A. A receptionist is a person the phone.

B. A bookshop is a place you books.

C. An Ipod is something you music with.

D. A zoo is a place animals .

E. A hairdresser is somebody your hair.

F. A shoe is something you in your feet.

G. Scissors are things you use to paper with.

Prepositions
Study these examples:

®® Sally is on the phone right now talking to John

®® My neighbour’s house is for sale but I don’t know how much it costs

Why do we use ON or FOR or another preposition?

In English, there are some fixed expressions depending on the use:

Adjective + noun
Noun + preposition
Preposition + noun
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We will use a different expression depending on the meaning and our purpose. It is almost impossible to
remember all of them by heart. Therefore, the best way to learn these expressions is to use them as much as
possible.

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Let´s see the different options:
Preposition + noun
®® ON holiday/business/a journey/a trip/a tour:
I’m travelling on business
We are on a coach tour of Turkey
®® IN cash vs. BY cheque/credit card:
I always pay in cash my bills
Can I pay by credit card?
®® ON TV/the radio/the phone/the Internet:
You can’t talk to Mary. She is on the phone
I saw you on TV last night
®® FOR sale vs. ON the market:
The red car is for sale
It’s the best camera on the market
Noun + preposition
ability in – habilidad en
attack on – ataque a
attitude to/towards – actitud hacia
cause of – causa de
cost of – coste de
method of – método de
opinion of – opinion sobre
trouble with – problema con
relationship with vs. relationship between –
relación con/entre
Adjective + preposition
Adjective + preposition
afraid of – miedo de
angry with/about – enfadado con/por
different from – diferente de
proud of – orgulloso de
tired of – cansado de
worried about – preocupado por
good/bad at – bueno/malo en
good for/bad for – bueno/malo para
interested in – interesado en
famous for – famoso por
Watch the video that will help you to solve all your doubts about the relative clauses in English.
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®® IN my opinion vs. FROM my point of view:
Football is stupid in my opinion
From my point of view, football is a very silly sport
®® ON purpose vs. BY mistake/chance/accident:
I met an old school friend of mine by chance
She pressed the wrong button by mistake. She
didn’t do it on purpose
®® BY car/bus/plane/bicycle/train vs. ON foot:
I always go to work by train
They decided to go to my village on foot
Noun + preposition
Your ability in chemistry is superb!
The new attack on the government comes from the left
My attitude towards Mark hasn’t changed. I´m very disappointed
The cause of the accident is still under investigation
The cost of living in Spain has decreased in the last two years
Dr. Frank has found a new method of analysing the Universe
What´s your opinion of the film?
I´m having trouble with my colleague
Mark’s relationship with his boss is problematic
The relationship between Brian and Monica has ended
Are you afraid of dogs?
Are you angry with Mark? What are you angry about?
Caroline is completely different from his sister
My dad is very proud of my brother
I’m tired of housework. Let´s have an ice-cream
I’m worried about Sam. He is depressed
I’m really bad at football. Mark is really good at tennis
Smoking is really bad for your health
Sally is really interested in art. She goes to all the exhibitions at
Prado Museum
Harrison Ford is famous for his bad character
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 Grammar exercises
1. Complete the sentences with the appropriate preposition:

A. They play the concert tonight the radio.

B. Do you mind looking at the problem his point of view?

C. He didn´t invite me to the party purpose. He hates me.

D. Can you turn the music down? I´m the phone and I can´t hear anything.

E. Are you here holiday or business?

F. Sir, are you paying cash or credit card?

G. My house is sale. I can´t afford it anymore. I´m unemployed.

2. Complete the sentences with the appropriate preposition:

A. I don’t like my boss’ attitude me. I think he wants to fire me.

B. I’m having trouble my computer. It doesn’t work properly.

C. What’s the cause your break-up with Matthew?

D. The cost weekly shopping has been increasing since the beginning of the year.

E. There has been an attack a street market in Iraq.

3. Complete the following sentences with the

appropriate preposition:

A. Sally is not interested art.

She gets bored.

B. Mark is so fit. He is very good any

sport.

C. I´m afraid dogs.

D. Boston is famous its university.

E. Caroline doesn´t talk to me. She is angry

me because I didn’t call her to go shopping.
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F. I’m tired his stupid comments. He is
so sexist.

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Vocabulary
Health
Symptoms

English Spanish English Spanish

a sore throat dolor de garganta painful joints articulaciones dolorosas

heart attack ataque al corazón cough tos/toser

diarrhea diarrea dizzy mareado/a

headache dolor de cabeza spots granos

stomachache dolor de estómago bruise moratón

measles sarampión a cold un resfriado

chicken pox varicela chest pains dolores en el pecho

mumps paperas I can´t sleep No puedo dormir

flu gripe I am depressed Estoy deprimido

sunstroke golpe de calor I´ve lost my appetite He perdido el apetito

appendicitis apendicitis I feel sick Me siento mal

indigestion indigestión I´ve lost my voice No tengo voz

blisters ampollas My nose itches Me pica la nariz

sunburn quemadura I´m tired all the time Estoy cansado todo el tiempo

pneumonia neumonía I have a pain in my side Me duele el costado

ulcer ulcera Brian has a temperature

Brian tiene 39º de fiebre
virus virus of 39 º

a stomach bug virus estomacal I can´t move my foot No puedo mover el pie

a black eye ojo morado I´m allergic to... Soy alérgico a…

Diagnosis
®® You’ve got… (Tienes…) {the flu/chickenpox/mumps/pneumonia/
rheumatism/an ulcer/a virus/a bug}

®® You´ve broken your wrist and sprained/dislocated your ankle

Te has roto la muñeca y te has hecho un esguince/te has dislocado el tobillo

®® You´re pregnant – Estás embarazada

®® You are a hypochondriac – Eres un hipocondriaco

®® He died of… {lung cancer/a heart attack/a brain hemorrhage/AIDS }

Murió de cáncer de pulmón/ ataque al corazón/hemorragia cerebral/ sida

®® You´re very healthy - Estás muy sano

161

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 What do doctors do? They…:
®® Take your temperature -– Te toman la temperatura
®® Listen to your heart – Escuchan tu corazón
®® Look in your ears – Te miran/examinan los oídos
®® Examine you – Te examinan
®® Take your blood pressure – Te toman la presión arterial
®® Ask you some questions – Hacen algunas preguntas
®® Weigh and measure you – Te pesan y te miden
®® Send you to hospital for further tests – Te mandan al hospital para más pruebas

What do doctors prescribe?

®® Take one pill three times a day after meals – Toma una pastilla, 3 veces al día después de las comidas
®® Take a teaspoonful at night – Toma una cucharada por la noche
®® Drink this at meal times – Bebe esto en las comidas
®® Rub a little on before going to bed at night – Aplíquese un poco (frotando) antes de ir a la cama todas las noches
®® You’ve got to stay in bed for two days – Tiene que permanecer en cama dos días
®® We’ll get the nurse to put a bandage on – La enfermera le pondrá una venda
®® I´ll ask the surgeon when he can fit you in for an operation – Preguntaré al cirujano cuándo le puede operar
®® You’ll have to have your leg put in plaster – Hay que ponerle escayola en la pierna
®® You should have total bed rest for a week – Debería tener reposo absoluto una semana

Compound nouns
A compound noun is a fixed expression which is made up of more than one word and functions as a noun.
They are frequently the combination of two nouns.

English Spanish
tin opener abrelatas

human being ser humano

science fiction ciencia ficción

baby-sitter canguro

earring pendiente

Compound nouns may be written:

®® As one word: armchair

162 ®® As two words: address book, bank account
®® With a hyphen instead of a space between the words: sleeping-bag

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Common countable compound nouns

English Spanish English Spanish

youth hostel hostal credit card tarjeta de crédito

assembly line cadena de montaje handcuffs esposas (policía)

heart attack ataque al corazón package holiday paquete turístico

tea bag saquito de té zebra crossing paso de cebra

burglar alarm alarma antirrobo windscreen wiper limpiaparabrisas

contact lens lentillas

Common uncountable compound nouns (These are never used with an article)

English Spanish English Spanish

blood pressure presión arterial hay fever alergia al polen

birth control método anticonceptivo income tax impuesto sobre la renta

pocket money dinero de bolsillo, calderilla junk food comida basura

data-base base de datos mail order pedido por correo

family planning planificación familiar food poisoning intoxicación alimentaria

Common compound nouns used only in the plural

English Spanish English Spanish

grass roots bases (partido político) race relations relaciones interraciales

luxury goods productos de lujo roadworks obras en la carretera

human rights derechos humanos sunglasses gafas de sol

kitchen scissors tijeras de cocina traffic lights semáforo

Compound nouns used only in the singular

English Spanish English Spanish

arms race carrera armamentista death penalty pena de muerte

generation gap brecha/barrera generacional labour force mano de obra

mother tongue lengua materna sound barrier barrera del sonido

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brain drain fuga de cerebros welfare state estado de bienestar

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 Vocabulary exercises

1. Complete the following compound nouns with a noun. Use the dictionary if necessary.
A. food CHAIN

B. lights

C. sound

D. blood

E. tea

F. mother

G. tax

H. crossing

2. Look at the example and then write an appropriate compound noun beside each sentence to explain what
is being talked about. Use a dictionary when necessary.

Example:
You really shouldn't cross the road at any other place. Traffic lights

A. It's partly caused by such things as hair sprays and

old fridges.

B. She always suffers from terrible sneezing in spring

and early summer.

C. I can’t understand why they spend so much

money on something so destructive. It only causes
death and hate among nations.

D. Working there is supposed to be more stressful

than being a pilot.

E. I dropped one when I was putting it in my eye

and it was so difficult to find.

F. During World War II, they were used extensively,

especially in Japan.

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G. The thief was taken to court with those on

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Writing & recording
Summary of a movie
1. Describe or write the plot of a movie you have recently seen. The summary needs to include the following
information: main characters, setting, time and place, actions….

Look at the sample:

In this romance, Kate Winslet plays an upper class

woman, Rose, who is not very happy with her future
marriage. His boyfriend is an evil and mean man
who tries to force her to marry.
During the cruise, Rose falls in love with a poor
artist, Jack, who won his ticket during a poker
game.
The story takes place aboard a ship that is struck by
an iceberg and sunk. Rose, survives but the poor
artist, who is played by Leonardo DiCaprio, dies.

2. Now, you need to record yourself using the expressions and grammar learnt from this and previous units.

Quiz
Listening quiz: what is this?

Listen carefully and then answer the questions.

1. What is Peter’s relationship to Sarah? 6. How many balls does Peter have?
A. Friend. A. One.
B. Brother. B. Two.
C. Father. C. Three.

2. What does Sarah have to do? 7. What fruit does Peter have?
A. Hide the object. A. Apple .
B. Guess the object. B. Cherry.
C. Move away from Peter. C. Grape.

3. Where does Peter stand? 8. How many posters are there on the wall?
A. Next to Sarah. A. None.
B. Behind Sarah. B. One.
C. Across the room. C. Two.

4. What does Peter use to hide the objects? 9. What does Peter show Sarah that he has on his body?
A. Handkerchief. A. Watch.
B. Poster. B. Ring.
C. Sofa. C. Bracelet.

5. What does Sarah guess the first time? 10. What prize does Sarah get? 165
A. Balls. A. Cherry.
B. Chickens. B. Chicken.
C. Posters. C. Ice-cream.

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