OG+2005-2007+OC+PSAT (共计40套题)

Roy老师的
真题分项练习
语法
OG+2005-2007+OC+PSAT
(共计40套题)
Roy老师的SAT真题分项练习-语法-40套题(OG+2005-2007+OC+PSAT)
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\II!!I:I
SECTI ON 7
Time - 25 minutes
35 Questions
Turn to Section 7 (page 6) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.
3. The campus newspaper does not print as much

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness world news as does my hometown.
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of CA) as does my hometown
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) as does my hometown newspaper
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) compared to what my hometown does
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) like my hometown newspaper does
than any of the allematives, select choice A; if not, select (E) like the one in my hometown does
one of the other choices.
4. During the labor dispu te, barrels of potatoes were
In making your selection, follow the requirements of
emptied across the hi(:hway. and they thereby blocked
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
it to all traffic.
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic
sentence-clear and precise. without awkwardness or (B) highway and therefore blocking it to all traffic
ambiguity. (C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore
blocked
EXAMPLE: (D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked
(E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic
Laura Ingalls Wilder published he r first book
and she was sixty-five years old then.
5. Having thought the problem through with some care,
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then Ihat Ihe commince did nOI undersla nd her solution
(B) when she was sixty-five frustrated the chairperson extremely.
(C) at age sixty-five years old
(A) that the committee did not understand her solution
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years
frustrated the chairperson extremely
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five
(B) the chairperson's extreme frustration resulted
0 . @@~ from the committee not understanding her
solution
I. In a recent year, more tourists from the United States (C) the chairperson' s frustration at the committee's
visited museums in Great Britain than Can..aQa. fail ing to understand her solution was extreme
(D) the chairperson was extremely frustrated by the
CA) Canada committee's failure to understand her solution
(B) Canada did (E) the committee's failing to understand her solution
(C) compared to Canada's
was an extreme frustration to the chairperson
(D) Canadian ones
(E) in Canada
2. Conners, a publishing and media services company, is

acquiring Dispatch Education. it manufaclUres school
uniforms.
(A) Dispatch Education. it manufactures
(8) Dispatch Education, which manufactures
(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing
(D) Dispatch Education; it is manufacturing
(E) Dispatch Education; for the manufacturing of
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6. The main reasons students give for failing to 9. Having command of pathos. tragedy. as well as humor.
participate in the political process is thallhey George Eliot is considered to be a great English
ha ve demandjn~ assignments and work at novelisi.
pan-time jobs.
(A) Having command of pathos. tragedy. as well as
(A) is that they have demanding assignments humor
and work at (B) Having command of-pathos. tragedy, and her
(B) arc demanding assignments and they humorous side
work at (C) By being in command of both pathos and tragedy
(e) are that they have demanding assignments and also humor
and that they work at (D) With her command of pathos and tragedy and
(D) is ha ving demanding assignments and being humorous
having to work at (E) Because of her command of pathos. tragedy, and
(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to humor
working at
10. Richard Wright moved many times in his life.
7. Archaeologists say that the Pueblo village of Acoma. movio~ from Ihe South first he weOJ 10 Ihe NQrth.
which is 7.500 feel above sea leyel and 400 feel above Iheo eventually 10 France from Ibe Uniled States.
Ihe valley noor. is the oldest continuously inhabited
(A) moving from the South first he wenl to the
spot in the United States.
North. then eventually to France from the
(A) which is 7500 feet above sea level and 400 feet United States
above (B) the first move he made was from the South
(B) located 7.500 feet high above sea level while to the Nonh and eventually from the
having measured 400 feet above United States to France
(C) with a height 7,500 feet above sea level as well as (C) first from the Soulh to the Nonh and
400 feet above thai of eventually from the United States to France
(0) 7.500 feet higher than sea level. and it ascends (0) moving first from the South. he came to the
400 feet above Nonh and eventually to France
(E) being 7.500 feel above sea level and 400 feet high (E) first from the SOUlh he moved to the North
measured from thai of and ended up in France after leaving the
United Slates
8, Returning to Dayville after ten years. the small IOwn
seemed much liyelier 10 Margo than il had been when II. Though heavily dependent on the government for
she was growing up there. business and informaliQo while uDiyersities supply
(A) Returning 10 Dayvi lle after ten years. the small the space researcb center with taleot as a corporation
town seemed much livelier to Margo it remains independent of both.
(B) Having returned to Dayville after len years, it (A) information while universities supply the space
seemed a much livelier town to Margo research center with talent. as a corporation it
(C) After Margo returned to Dayville in ten years, remains
the small town seems much livelier (B) information and on talent by universities, Ihe
(D) Margo returned to Dayville after ten years. the space research center. a corporation
smalllown was seemingly much livelier (C) information and on universities for talent, the
(E) When Margo returned to Dayville after ten years. space research cenler is a corporation
the small town seemed much livelier!O her (D) information. universities supply the space
research ctnter with talent, but it is a corporation
(E) information. universities supply the space
research center wilh talent. while it remains a
corporation
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The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Even though only parts of clay vessels may be
grammar and usage errors. Each semence contains either
A B
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one. is underlined recovered. these pottery shards arc invaluable (0
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the C
one underlined part that must be Changed to make the the archaeologist because it is virtually indestructible.
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard o
written English. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 16. Along Ihe curve of islands known as the Florida Keys
ABC A
accepted the resolution drafted by the lies a reef of living coral, the only one of a kind in
o B C o
neutral states. No error
the continental United States. No error
E
E
17. Paule Marshall. whose Barbadian background

12. Fourteen years after the Galileo space probe was
A
A
has influenced her writing, describes many details
launched from the space shuttle Atlantis. the mission
B C
of life in the Caribbean Islands vividly in her novels
was purposely ended when the Galileo disintegrates
o
B C
and short Slories. No error
in the dense atmosphere of the planet Jupiter.
E
o
No error 18. Because he is absent when his rivals voted against
E A B
his proposal. Selby is worried about missing future
13. The labor union is negotiating a comract with
C o
A
mectings of the board of directors. No crror
the hospital that will satisfy the demands of
E
B C
the workers and be acceptable to all levels of
19. In those cities in which public transportation
o A B
management. No error
is adequate, fewer traffic problems occur and
E
14. Many professional athletes are motivated by either pedestrians are rarely involved in accidents.
A C o
personal pride and love of their sport, but some seem No error
B C E
interested only in money. No error
o E
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oj
20. Social scientists agree that a system for exchanging 25. Intense preoccupation on technique appears to be
A B A B
goods and services is not only present but also the one trait that great piani sts have in common.
C c D
of necessity in all societies. No error No error
D E E
21. The report Alexander is discussing, a repon 26. Apparently impressed with our plans, the foundation
A A
prcparcdjoinlly by he and the commiUee, awarded Carlos and I a grant to establish a network
S B c
does not take into account the socioeconomic of community centers throughout the city. No error
c D E
status orlhose interviewed. No error
27. Also supported by the commission was the proposed
D E
A B
22. It is far easier 10 ride a bicycle than explaining in health clinics and the proposed center to distribute
A B C
words exact ly how a bicycle is ridden. No error information onjob-craining opportunities. No error
c D E D E
23. Jorge wanted, for the most pan, 10 travel around 28. The quality of multivitamin tablets is determined
A A
the world after graduation, but somelimes he by how long its potency can be protected by
B B c D
thought about taking ajob at his mother's compan y the man ufaclurer's coaling material. No error
c D E
instead. No error
29. The research stud y reveals startling proof of a
E
A
24. Since some people are convinced that dowsing, constant cha nging seafloor that comprises the
A B B c
a method of finding underground water with a major pare of the underwater landscape. No error
D E
Y-shaped stick, is effective. but others condemn
the procedure ~ mere superstition. No error

c D E
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30, Which of the following. if inserted before sentence I,

Directions: The following pa~sage is an early draft of an
would make a good introduction to the essay?
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewrinen.
(A) To avoid problems in the workplace. one must first
Read the passage and select the best answers for the
recognize the variety of workplaces that exist.
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular
(B) Many employees do not feci free to communicate
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve
with their employers. which can cause
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
difficulties.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (C) Some employers have tried to respect their
answers, follow the requirements of standard written employees.
English.
(D) Communication between an employer and
employees is necessary for maintaining good
Questions 30-35 are based on following passage, working conditions.
(E) In the future, relations between employers and
(1) Employers must be aware of their employees employees will be different from what they
and the variety of silUations that arise in the workplace. are now.
(2) Employers shou ld become familiar with the
demands a worker faces. (3) But he or she too should 31. In context, which of the following is the best way to
also assume responsibility. revise and combine sentences 2 and 3 (reproduced
(4) Some workplace problems are caused by the below)?
employer's insufficient allention to the needs of the Employers should become familiar wilh the demands
workers. (5) One familiar situation is the concern a worker faces. Bllt he or she /00 should also (ISSlIIlIe
of the boss for the customer's satisfaction above all responsibiliry.
else. (6) Often unreasonable demands are made on
an employee to satisfy the customers. (7) Thi s results (A) When employers become fami liar with the
from an employer's lack of consideration for employees. demands placed on their workers, they would
(8) Workers often become resentful of an employer also assume responsibility.
who is unconcerned about their needs. (9) Sometimes (B) Employers ought to become familiar with the
the employer does not listen fully to suggestions from demands their workers face, but workers, too,
employees this can make workers feel undervalued. must assume responsibility for their jobs.
(10) Many times employers must deal with an (C) Employers who have familiarity with the
employee who ties up the phone for hours or has friends demands their workers face also need to take
who continually drop by during working hours. (II ) If responsibility for them.
workers would take more responsibility, then maybe an (D) Those employees whose employers are familiar
employer would be a little more easily tempted to with their demands need to take responsibility
promote them. for their jobs.
(12) There are many problems to be solved in the (E) Employees and employers. familiar with the
demands of the workplace. must also assume
workplace. (13) In order 10 achieve a happy balance
responsibility for them.
between boss and employee, the job of a worker should
be clearly defined. (14) Employers should listen to
workers' ideas about improving working conditions.
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32. In context, the underlined portion of sentence 7 34. Which of the following sentences, if inserted before
(reproduced below) could best be revised in which sentence 10, wou ld best improve the third paragraph?
of the following ways?
(A) The role of technology in the workplace is also
This remlts (rom all employer's lock of consideration important.
for employees. (B) The success of any business depends on effective
communication with customers.
(A) In contrast is
(C) Sometimes employers have legitimate complaints
(B) With unreasonable demands. they show
about their employees.
(C) This concern illustrates
(D) It is difficult to tell whether certain problems are
(D) Such a distorted view shows
caused by employees or employers.
(E) Such treatment demonstrates (E) Employees rarely complain without good reason.
33. Which of the follow ing is the best version of the
35. Wh ich of the following would make the most logical
underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?
fi nal sentence for the essay?
SomeTimes the (",plowr dorf not listen fuUI' (Q
(A) Responsibility for removal of safety hazards
suggestions e(rmplown Ihis CUI! make workers feel
from the workplace lies with the employer.
""den'a/ued. (8) For most employers, open communication
(A) (As it is now) with employees seems somewhat difficult.
(8) When sometimes they do not listen fully to (C) 1be challenge of technology offers new
suggestions from employees. Ihis can make opportunities for opening up communication
(e) Because the employers had nOllistened fully to in the workplace.
suggestions from employees. they made (D) Without clearly assig ned du ties. workers tend
(D) An employer who does nOl liSfen closely to to lose their motivation.
suggestions of employees, making (E) Employers and employees should work together
(E) Sometimes an employer docs not listen closely to to improve conditions in the workplace.
suggestions from employees, making
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
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~10
SECTION 10
Time - to minutes
14 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section. select the best answer from among the choices given and fitl in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheel.
2. H. Ford Douglas, one of the few Black soldiers in

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness White regiments duri ng the early part of the Civil War.
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence and eventually to recruit and command bis own unit.
is underlined: beneath each sentence aTC five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeals the (A) and eventually to recruit and command his own
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If unit
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (8 ) evemually recruited and commanded his own unit
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not. select (C) he eventually recruited and commanded his own
onc of the other choices. unit
(D) he eventually had his own unit that he recruited
In making your selection. follow the requirements of
and commanded
standard written English; that is. pay attention to grammar.
(E) having eventually recruited and commanded his
choice of words. sentence construction, and punctuation.
own unit
Your selection should result in the most effective
sentence-clear and precise. wit hout awkwardness or
ambiguity. 3. Ignorance is not equivalent to stupidi ty. for ignorance
can ofte n be correcled while stupidity CanDQI.
EXAMPLE: (A) for ignorance can often be corrected while
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book stupidity cannot
and she was sixty-five years old lhen. (B) since you can often correct ignorance while the
same is not true about stupidity
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (C) because it can be corrected and the other cannot
(8) when she was sixty-five (D) because of its correctible nature
(C) at age sixty-five years old (E) because the two differ regarding correctibility
(D) upon the reaching of sixty.five years
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five 4. Journalists should present a balanced view of the
0 . @®1t news but with lheir goal to stir discussion and
unsettle complacent thin kers.
I . In scenarios reminiscent of the old science fiction (A) with thei r goal to stir
movie Famaslic Voyage. medical researchers ~ (B) should also stir
exploring the body wi th miniature robots sent into the (C) aiming at the same time to stir
bloodstream. (D) also trying 10 sti r
(A) hope exploring (E) its goal should also be in stirring
(8) hope to explore
(C) hope it can explore
(D) have hopes to explore
(E) are having hopes of exploring
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(I) 10
5. The ancient Spartans tested the endurance of potential 8. Althoueh Central Park in Manhattan is better known
warriors. devised various ordeals, including onc that than Prospect Park in Brooklyn. the desieoer of both
required thcm to run bare-legged through fields of narks. Frederick Law Olmsted. preferred Prospect
stinging nettles. fill.
(A) warriors. devised (A) Although Central Park in Manhattan is better
(B) warriors devising known than Prospect Park in Brooklyn, the
(C) warriors; and devised designer of both parks. Frederick Law Olmsted.
( D) warriors by devising preferred Prospect Park.
(E) warriors with the devising of (B) Central Park in Manhattan being better known
than Prospect Park in Brooklyn. the designer
6. The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators of both. Frederick Law Olmstcd, preferred the
asserted as to the defensibility of their Practices latter.
as lellal and ethical. (C) Although nol as well known a~ Central Park,
Frederick Law Olmsted, he designed both
(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as
parks, preferred Prospect Park.
legal and ethical (D) The designer of both Central Park and Prospect
(8) as to their practices and their defensibility
Park was Frederick Law Olmsted. he preferred
on legal and ethical grounds
Prospect Park.
(C) that their practices. that is the operators. are
(E) Although more people know aboUl Manhallan's
defensible in legal terms as well as ethics
Central Park than Prospect Park in Brooklyn.
(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices
Frederick Law Olmsted, having designed both.
are legally and ethically defensible
has preferred the latter.
(E) that the practices of the operators are legally
and ethically defensible
9. Because Uranus is nearly three billion ki lometers from
the Sun and is enveloped by a thick methane cloud
7. Toni Morrison was honored by Harvard University not layer. (his blocks almost all solar radiatioD.
only as a great novelist but also she wrote eloquently
of the history of African American culture. (A) layer, this blocks almost all solar radiation
(8 ) layer, this accounts for its receiving almost no
(A) she wrote eloquently of the history
solar radiation
(B) having written an eloquent history
(e) layer is the reason why it receives almost no solar
(C) writing eloquently about the history
radiation
(D) being an eloquent historian
(D) layer, almost no solar radiation reac hes the planet
(E) as an eloquent historian
(E) layer, it blocks almost all solar radiation from
reaching the planet
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(i) 10
10. Lacking good instruction. my mistakes in 13. Some people believe that one day we will establish nOi
Crell!jD~ II ~raph IQ illustrate hjsJQrjcal lrends only bases on the Moon. but also II landing on Neptune
were numeroys. will occur.
(A) my mistakes in crealing a graph to illustrate (A) we will establish not only bases on the Moon. but
hisloricallrends were numerous also a landing on Neptune will occur
(B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a ( B) not only bases on the Moon will be established,
graph to illustrate historical trends but also a landing on Neptune will be made
(C) there were numeroos mista\:.es in the graph (C) we will not only establish bases on the Moon but
I created to illustrate historical trends also land on Neptune
(D) I created a graph to illustrate historical (D) we will not only establish bases on the Moon, but
trends with numerous mistakes we will land on Neptune in addition
(E) the graph J made for illustrating historical (E) we will not only establish bases on the Moon, but
trends had numerous mi stakes we will land on Neptu ne
II. It is a myth that mathematicians are so absorbed with

abstractioDs and thus have no practical interests. 14, The city is populated by many people who, although
their common language is English, tbe languages at
(A) so absorbed with abstractions and thus
borne range from speaking Anneojao 10 Zaoote(:.
(B) absorbed by abstractions and therefore
(C) so absorbed in abstr.tctioDS that they (A) the languages at home range from speaking
(D) absorbed in so much abstraction that they Armenian to Zapotec
(E) too abstract, and so they (8) speaking at home is in languages ranging
from Armenian to Zapotec
12. By simply enteri ng an IDlemel website or calling a toll- (C) the languages range from Armenian to Zapotec
free number, a catalo~ ordcr can be placed for almost at home
anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop (D) speak languages at home thaI range from
computers. Armenian to Zapotec
(E) they are speaking languages at home rangi ng
(A) a catalog o rder can be placed from Armenian to Zapotec
(B) by placing a catalog order
(C) they will place your catalog order
(D) you can place a catalog order
(E) you r catalog order can be placed
STOP
If you finish before time Is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section In the test.
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Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels
SAT Practice Test #4
CR I IICAI lU ,\])1:\(;
See lion 2 Section 5 Sec lion 8
Mult ipJ e-Cholu Queslions Multiple _Choice Questions Multiple -Choice Questions
CorrKI Difficult y Cor..." t Difficult y CorrKt Difficult y Co.r«t Difficu lty Correct Difficulty CorrKt Difficult y
Ans ..er
,, " ,,
L~ql Ans"e r LlOVel
,,, ,,,
AM""" L IOV~I AUI"",r L~v~1
, ,,, ,,
An, ..u uvd
, AM"'C' LlOVel
,
,, ,, ,,, ,
D M C D C
C C
M
M M "" M M
"" ,,
H
M
,•
M
""" M
•, ,, H
" M
•, ,
M M
,, ,
D H D H
, ""
M M M M
,,• ,
C
C
M
M "" , D
D
M
M
•, , H
"
,
D
•,, ,, D
M
H """ , M
M
,,, ,, , " ,,
D H M D C M M D
, ""
M M
, , C
H
H """ ,, C M
M ,• M
"
H
M , D M " M
M
, ,, "" ,,
M
, M C
,, M
" , D
, "
M
" """
M
" H H
M
H
D
M M
M
H C
M
" C
" " M
"
NUIDber corroct Number correcl ]\o;umberCOIrecl
Number i...;orroct Number incor«<1 Numberi...;orrec,
:-'1,\llIl\I,\ II CS
Stct]on J 5tction6 5«llon9
Mulliple-Choice Studen t-Prod uced
Mulliple-Cholce Questions Multiple-Cbolu Questions
Questions Re!;pon..: Questions
""_ ""- ....., , , ""-, , "",~ "",~
..
Difficulty Dilliculty C<>n<a Difficul1y An. _ _ Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty
,,, ,,,
An.......
,,
....d
H ,
Answer ....d
M
,,,
Anlwer
D
,, "
I."d
,
Anl"~'
C
....d
,, , ,, Answ.... ....d
M
,, , D M
,,
D
" 57.S
, ,,
D
,, " ,, M
, , """ , , ,'"
M H M H M
, , ,, D M
, " 1l, 14. 15.
M
, , " M
•,, ,, " , C
C
M
M
•,, ,
D M
M "" • 16. 11
M
M
•, C
C
M " , C M
M
, M "" , M
,
C M
"" " In,OS M
•
D M
""" .C M
, M
"" ,, H
H
H H
H
C M D H
"
D
D
M
M
" H "" '"n H
NumMrcorrocl Number Correc, Number COrrOCt Number correct

(9_18)
Number incorrect Number i!Kor«<, Numberincorrect
W IU 1 1:\(;
En"y Secl lon 7 S«1 ion 10
Multiple-Choice Queslions Multiple-Choice Q uestions
""-, llifficulty Correcl Difficully
Cornel An.wer Difficulty Le~l
,,
An.wer Level
,,,
An.we,
,
I.o.d
, ,, ,,
,, , '""" ,, D M
,, ,,
,,,
M M
Esoay Score· (1).')

•, D M
,, "" ,, M
M ,• D
,,
•, ,, C
, "" ,, M
M ,• , ,
,• , M
U
, M
M ,• D
,
M
M
C "" ,
C H M
"""
M
"
H C M
,, "'" ,
H C M
"" C
,, ,,,
D D M
,,,
M C M
""" D """ M
M "" D H
,, , ,
D ~ C M
"" M
, "
Numbercorroct Number COrrte!
Number incorroct Number Incorroct
NOTE: Difficulty levels Ire E (easy), M (med ium),lnd H (hard) .
• To score your essay, use the SAT scoring gUide in Chapter 9 and the rr« umple essays available online at WI'I'W.collegehoard.comlutonlinecourse.
On practice testll 4- 10, your essay score should range from 0 to 6_ (Keep in mind that on the actual SAT, you r essay will be read by two readers and you
will receive a score oro to 12 on rour score report. )
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6 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse oj

any part ot this page is iHogal.
6 6
SECTION 6
Time - 25 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this seclion, select the best answer from among the choices given and fi ll in the corresponding
2. After marching for four hours in temperatures

The fo llowing sentences test correctness and effectiveness exceeding ninety degrees, the band members were
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence as soaked as if roarchine, through a rainstonn.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of
phrasi ng the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) if marching
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) havi ng marched
you th ink the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) if fro m marching
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) if they had marched
one of the other choices. (E) if they would have marched
In making your selection, fo llow the requirements of
3. The harmful effects of smoking on the vascular system
standard written English; that is. pay attention to grammar, is i nc reasin~ly well documented.
choice of words, sentence construction, and puncruation,
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) is increasingly well documented
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or (B) is more and more documented
am biguity. (C) are increasingly well documented
(D) are increasing in better documemation
EXAMPLE: (E) has increased in better documentation
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her fi rst book
4. The issue the council debated. which was whether
and she Was sixty-fi ve years old then,
repeal of reDl control wjJl improve housing or just
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then increase profits for landlords.
(8 ) when she was sixty-five
(A) debated, which was whether repeal of rent control
will improve
(D) upon the reac hing of sixty-five years
(8) debated was if they would repeal rent conrrol
would this improve
0 e ®®<I: (C) debated was that repeal of rem control would
result in improved
I. The de!e~ates coming this far. Ihey did not want to (D) debated was will repealing rent control mean
return without accomplishing something. improvement in
(E) debated was whether repeal of rent control would
(A) The delegates comi ng this far, they
improve
(B) Coming this far, the delegates felt they
(C) Havi ng come this far, the delegates
(D) To come this far, the delegates
(E) The delegates came this far, so that they
IGOONTOTHENEXTPAGE;
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21
6 6 UnauthorU:ed copying ot _
any part of ~ P<98 is iIegaI.
01
6 6
5. AmericanjoumaJist Harriet Quimby. tbe firs! woman 8. Beina 3S she is a (lifted storyteller, Linda Goss is an
\0 DilQl a plane across the EOi!jsh ChanDel. doine itjusl expert at describing people and places.
nine years after the Wright brothers' first powered (A) Being as she is a gifted storyteller
flight. (B) In being a gifted storyteller
(A) Harriet Quimby, the first woman to pilot a plane (C) A gifted storyteller
across the English Channel, doing it (D) Although she is a gifted storyteller
(B) Harriet Quimby the first woman who piloted (E) Telling stories giftedly
a plane across the EngliSh Channel, and who
did so 9. Althouah the Enelish artist William Blake neyer
(C) Harriet Quimby became the firs! woman to have ha Yina painted portraits, he reaarded lhem as merely
piloted a plane across the English Channel and mechanical reproductions that. despite their popularity,
did it lacked true creativity.
(0) Harriet Quimby became the first woman to pilot a
(A) Although the Engl ish artist William Blake never
plane across the English Channel, accompl ishing
having painted portraits. he regarded them
this feal
(B) The English artist William Blake never painted
(E) Harriet Quimby was the first woman piloting a
portraits, he regarded them
plane across the English Channel, the feat was
(C) Never having painted a portrait, they were regarded
accomplished
by the English artist William Blake
(D) The English artist William Blake never p3inted
6. Naomi and Charles will represent Ammonlon High in
portraits; however, regarding them
the debating COnIcS!. their wprk in Ihis bavini been (E) The English artist William Blake never painted
excellent this year. portraits because he regarded them
(A) contest, their work in this havi ng been excellent
this year 10. The heat was already overwbelmioi and lasted a week.
(B) contest; they have done excellent work this year wbich dU@lion made it seem sheer lorture.
in this
(A) overwhelming and lasted a week. which duration
(e) contest, for this year they have done excellent work
made it seem
in this
(B) overwhelming. and because of lasting a week,
(D) contcst, for their work as public speakers has been
it made it seem
excellent this year
(C) overwhelming and lasted the duration of a week
(E) contest; their work as public speakers having been
to make it to seem
excellenl this year
(0) overwhelming. and its lasting a week made it
seem
7. The poem's colorful images and its verbal wit ~
(E) overwhelming and, by lasting a week, making
reader pleasure.
it seem
(A) give the reader pleasure
(B) please the one who is reading 11. The reason first novels are so oflen their wri ters'
(e) gives pleasure to the one who reads it best work is that it draws upon all the experiences
(D) give one pleasure in the reading of it of childhood.
(E) gives one pleasure in reading it (A) is that it draws upon
(B) is that these first efforts draw upon
(C) is because ofthesc first efforts drawing from
(D) is because of them drawing upon
(E) is their drawing from
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22
6 6 Unauthorized copying or reuse o!

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6 (1)-. 6
:.
;ff...
The following sentences test your ability 10 recognize 14. People which need immediate reeducation for
gram mar and usage errors. Each senlence contains either A
than one error. The error, i f there is one, is underlined employment are impatient with the prolonged
and lettered. If the sentence contai ns an error, select the B C
onc underlined part that must be changed to make the debate over funding for the new national program.
sentence correc\. If the sentence is correct, selecl choice E.
D
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard
E
EXAM PLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 15. The thoughtful studem wonders what
A B C
accepted the resolution drafted by the Patrick Henry meant when he talked abou t libeny
D A B
neu tral Slaies. No error
because most of the members of the House of
E C
Burgesses then having been slaveholders. No error
D E
12. Directed by George Wolfe, the Broadway musical
16. One challenge that writer Eleanor Wong Telemaque
Brillg in 'Da Noise. Bring in 'Da Funk telling how

A B faced was how preserving her ethnic identity
A
tap dancing evolved from the African American
C while becomi ng more accessible to readers who
experience in the decades following the Civil War.

B c
D are not accustomed to writers from other cultural
D
No error
E backgrounds. No error
E
13. The question of whether cen ain chemical fen ilizers
A 17. No one objects to his company, even though he has
A
are a curse or are they a blessing ~ still being
B C D made insulting remarks about almost every member
B C
debated. No error
E of the group. when he is a remarkably witty man.
D
No error
E
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23
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6 6
18. Just how critical an improved balance of trade is 10 22. Although the politician was initially very sensitive to
A B A
a healthy economy has never been more clearer than be criticized by the press, he quickly became more
C D B C
it is now. No error confident about responding to reporters' sometimes
E D
pointed questions. No error
19. Critics contend that reforms in welfare E
A
has not managed to bring the high percentage 23. Although Pre-Raphaelile artists advocated the close
B A
of our nation's children living in poverty the study of nature , their paintings sometimes seem
B C
economic security that they need to thrive. elaborately artificial 10 modem viewers. No error
C D D E
No error
24. Lions and tigers may be identical in size, but the
E
A B
tiger is the fiercer animal and the lion the strongest.
20. Crabs living in polluted waters will come C D

A No error
E
in (;ontact with large numbers of disease-causing
B
25. The decline in science education during the
microorganisms because it feeds by filtering
C D
period had two causes: less funding for scientific
nutrients from water. No error
A B
E
research with a decrease in jobs related to space and
C D
21. The new system, which uses remote cameras
A defense. No error
in the catching of speeding motorists . E
B C
may undermine the police department's authority.
D
No error
E
659
24
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any part of this page Is illegal.
6 6
26. The number of awards given this year to biochemists Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
A essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
accentuate the significant gains being made in the Read the passage and select the best answers for the
BCD questions that follow. Some questions arc about particular
study of Ihc chemistry of Jiving organisms. No error sentence Structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
E 10 consider organization and development. In choosing
answers, follow the requirements of standard written
English.
27. The novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Auslen
Q uestions 30·35 a rc based on the following passage.

was once more widely read and was more popular
A B C (I) This summer I felt as if I were listening in on the
Middle Ages with a hidden microphone. (2) No. there were
in high schools in the Uni ted States
no microphones in those days. (3) But there were letters, and
sometimes these letters speak to me like voices from very
than Charlotte Bronte. No",", long ago.
o E (4) A book I fou nd contained selected letters from five
generations of a family. (5) The Pastons, who li ved in a
remote part of England over 500 years ago.
28. Until it can be replaced by a faster. more efficient. (6) Getting anywhere in the Middle Ages was really
A B hard. with deep rivers and few bridges and sudden
and more economical means of transponation, trucks snowstonns coming on in the empty lands between
settlements. (7) An earl rebelled in London, so that a
messenger rode for days to tell the distant head of the
will carry most of the freight within and through Paston family of a feared civil war.
C o (8) Through the leiters a modem reader can sense their
anxieties about rebellious sons and daughters, belligerent
metropolitan areas. No error neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and Shortages of certain
E foods and textiles. (9) Unbelievably, there is a 1470 love
letter. (1 0) The man who wrote it ends "I beg you, let no
29. Nearly all of the editors of the magazine one see this lener. (II ) As soon as you have read it, burn it,
A for I would not want anyone to see it." (12) I was silting on
the front porch with bare feet on the hottest afternoon in
agree that of thc two anicles to be published , July and I read that with a shiver. (13) I had been part of a
B C centuries-old secret.
Fujimura' s is the more exciting . No",",
o E
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25
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any part oIlhis page is: ~L
6 6
30. The best way 10 describe the relationship of sentence 2 33. In context. which of the fo llowing is the best version
to sentence I is that sentence 2 of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced
below) ?
CA) anticipates a reader's possible response to
sentence I A1I earl rePelled;1I London. so thal a messellger rode
(8) provides hislOricai background for sentence I for days 10 telllhe diSlllnl head of Ihe Paslollfamily
(C) repeats Ihe idea presented in sentence I of afellred cil'iI war.
(D) introduces a contrasting view of sentence I
(A) (As it is now)
(E) corrects an inaccuracy slated in senlence 1
(B) An earl had rebelled in London. so
(C) For example. with a rebelling earl in London
31. Which orlhe following sentences would be most
(0) While an earl rebels in London.
logical 10 insert before sentence 4"
(E) Once, whcn an earl rebelled in London,
(A) I firM came across these letters while browsing in
a library. 34. In context, which is the beSt revision to make to
(B) No. I am not dreaming: I have been reading them. sentence 8 (reproduced below) ?
(C) On the contrary. microphones are a recent
Through Ihe letlers a modem reader call sellse
invention.
their aru:ielies aboul rebelliOl/S SOliS atlj daughters.
(D) Obviously. a library can open the door 10 mystery.
belligerent IIt'ighbors, outbreaks of piague. atul
(E) However, letters are not the oldest ronn of
shortages of cerlaill foods and textiies.
communicatio n.
(A) Insert "one's reading of ' after "Through".
32. In context, which is the best versio n of the underlined (8 ) Change "their" to "the Pilstons' ".
portions of sente nces 4 and 5 (reproduced below) ? (C) Change "scnsc" to "record",
( D) Delete some of the examples.
A book Jfoulld contained selected leiters from five
(E) Insert ·'etc." aftcr "te;:xtilcs".
gelleratiolls of a (qmj",. The PaS1OnS, who lil'ed ill
a remote part oj Ellglalld o\'er 500 years ago,
35. All ofthc fOllowing strategies are used by the writer
(A) (as it is now) of the passage EXCEPT
(B) a fami ly. The PaSlOns. li ving
(A) back.ground explanation
(C) a family: it was the Pastons living
(B) imaginative description
(0) the Paston famil y. who lived
(C) rhetorical questions
(E) the family named Paston and living
(0) personal narration
(E) direct quotation
STOP
661
26
Unauthorized oopying Of . - 01
any pa" 01 this page Is lI&gaI.
SECTION JO
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section. select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
Z. The new bird sanctuary, consisting oCone hundred

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness
acres of unspoiled tideland, and is protected by the
of expression. Pan of each sentence or the entire senlence
Mate.
phrasing the underlincd material. Choice A repeats the (A) sanctuary. consisting of one hundred acres of
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If unspoiled tideland. and is protected by the state
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (8) sanctuary is protected by the state. it consists of
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not, select one hundred acres of unspoiled tideland
one of the other choices. (C) sanctuary, consisting of one hundred acres of
unspoiled tideland, is protected by the state
In making your selection, follow the requiremenls of
(D) sanctuary is protected by the state consisting of
standard written English; that is. pay attenlion to grammar,
one hu nd red acres of unspoiled tideland
choice of words. sentence construction, and punctuation,
(E) sanctuary to consist of one hundred acres of
Your selection should result in the most effecti ve unspoiled tideland and to be protected by the
sentence-clear and precise. without awkwardness or state
ambiguity.
3. Most people know about calories and nutrition. but
EXAMPLE:
they do not use this knowledge to lose weight
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book permanently and keep it off.
and she was six.ty-five years old then.
(A) permanently and kcep it off
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (8 ) permanent and have it stay off
(8 ) when she was sixty-five (C) and have it be off permanently
(C) at age sixty-five years old (D) and make it permanent
(D) Uf")n the reaching of sixty-five years (E) and keep it off permanently
0 . @®C!: 4. No sooner had Andrea del Sano traveled to France to
work for the French king but his wifc persuaded him 10
I. At Versailles after the First World War. the Allies rtl!.!.m to Italy.
believed they had drafted a treaty that would have
(A) but his wife persuaded him to return
ensured permanent peace. (8) but his wife had him persuaded into returning
(A) would have ensured permanent peace (C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will
(8) would ensure permanent peace return
(C) had ensured permanent peace (D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning
(D) will ensure permanent peace (E) than his wife persuaded him to return
(E) ensures permanent peace
676
27
10~ Unauthorized eooying or * - 01

allY pan 01 !his page '- illegal
~10
S. During Ine 1980's and early 1990's, one reason 9. One of the first people 10 recognize the talent of
highways in the United Stales became safer than ~ Langston Hughes, Jessie Fause!. was an editor
the use of seat belts increased 10 about 67 percent at Cdfif ma~azine, pyb!jsh i o~ Hughes's poetry
nationwide. in 1921.
(A) ever, Ihe use of seal belts increased to about (A) Jessie Fausel, was an editor at Crisis magazine.
67 percent nationwide publishing
(B) ever. nationwide. the use of seat bells increased (B) Jessie Fauset who edited Cdsis magazine
to about 67 percent and published
(C) ever, there was a nationwide increase in seal belt (C) Jessie Fauset edited Crisis magazine who
use (0 67 percent published
(D) ever since they increased seat belt use to (D) Jessie Fauset. an editor at Crisis magazine,
67 percen! nationwide published
(E) ever was that the use of seat belts nationwide (E) the editor, Jessie Fauset, published at Crisis
increased to abouI67 percent magazine
6. Chaplin will Dol be remembered for espousing radical 10. Until bein~ widely humed for its ivory and blubber in
causes any more than they will remember Wayne for the eighteenth cemury. walruses were plentiful in the
endorsing conservative political candidates. waters of the nonheastern United States.
(A) any more than they will remember Wayne (A) Until being widely hunted for its
(8 ) as will Wayne not be remembered (B) Before having been widely hunted for its
(C) any more than Wayne will be remembered (C) Up to them being widel y hunted for their
(D) just as they will not remember Wayne (D) Until they were widely hunted for their
(E) no more than Wayne wi ll be remembered (E) Befo re they have been widely hunted for their
7. Civil rights leader and author W. E. B. Du Bois was II. Jesse passed the California bar examination last year,
interested in drama because he bel ieved that i.i..xm!. and he has been vractjcin~ law in California ever since.
represented biSlOrical events on sla~ e il could have a
(A) and he has been practicing law in California
greater, more lasting effect than any exhibit or lecture.
ever since
(A) if you represented historical events on stage it (B) since tbat time he has prac ticed law there
(8 ) with the events of history represented on stage they (e) where ever since he practices law
(C) events which were represen ted historically (0) he has been practicing law in California since the n
on stage (E) and since then is prac tic ing law there
(D) by representing historical events on stage
(E) representing historic al events on stage 12. Persuading even the queasiest of readers to spend
hours learning about an extravagant variety of
8. Many colleges are adopting work-study programs, invertebrates, the effect of Ricbard Conniff s Spineless
wbich offer practical advama~es to both the students Wonden is to render the repulsive beaUliful.
.aru1the institutions.
(A) the effect of Richllrd Conniffs Spineless Wonders
(A) programs, which offer practical ad vantages to is to render the repu lsive beautiful
bOlh the students and ( B) Richard Conniff rende~ the repulsive beautiful in
(B) programs, whic h offers prac tical advantages to Spineless Wonders
both the studems and (C) the effect of Spillelt!ss Wo"ders, by Richard
(C) programs, which offer both practical advantages Conniff, is to render the repulsive beautiful
' to the students plus (D) Richard Conniff has had the effect of rendering
(D) programs; it offers practical advantages 10 both the repulsive beautiful in Spineless WOllders
the students as well as (E) Spineless WO/ulers, by Richard Conniff, has effect
(E) programs; this offers practical advantages both to in rendering the repUlsive beautiful
the students and
IGO ONTO THE NEXT PAG E;
677
28
10~ Unaurholized copying ()( reuse or

any part 01 tills page is iII&ga1.
13. Most drivers know nOI only that excessive speeding on 14. Walt Disney's first success was his third M ickey Mouse
highways wastes gasoline. but also that it is da ngerous. film. in which Disney produced a cartoon with sound.
and Mickey was made to talk.
(A) know not only that excessive speed ing on
highways wastes (A) sound, and Mickey was made to talk
(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could (B) sound and maki ng Mickey talk
be wasteful of (C) sound, with the resu h being Mickey ta lking
(C) are knowledgeable that c:<cessive speeding on (D) sound in where Mickey talks
highways not only wastes (E) sound and made Mickey talk
(D) have known that excessive speed ing on highways
wastes not only
(E) know thai excessive speeding on highways not
only by itself can waste
STOP
If you finish before time Is called , you may check your work on this section only.
678
29
CR II IC,\ i i{1 AIlII\'G
Sectio n l SCtlion 7 Sttlion9
Multiple -Chokt Qutst ions Multiple-Choltt Quc ilions Multiplc-Chol(e Que.tions
Corr«1 Difficulty Co •• «! Difficulty Corr«! Diffic"lt y Corr«1 Diffic"h y
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StClion 2 Sedion" Section 8
.
Multiple-Choice Studtnl-Producec!
Mu ltiplt-C hol« QutSlion. Multiple-Choice QUHtiolU
Queslion . ResponSl' Question.
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E$j..~ Stellon 6 Section 10

Multiple-Choke Questions Mu ltiple-Cholee Questions
Corr«l Difficulty Correc. Difficulty
Cornet Answcct DIfficulty Level
,,,
Answer level
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NOTE: Difficulty levels are E (casy), M (medium ), and H (hard).
- To score your essay, ust the SAT scoring guide in C hapter 9 and Ihe fret sam ple es~ys available online at www.coU.-geboard.COm/5-atonlinecoursc.
On Ihis practice test , you. ess:ay score should range from 0 10 6. (Knp in mind that on the actual SAT, your essay will be ftad by two readers and you
will receive a score of 0 10 12 on your score report. )
680
30
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6 6
SECTION 6
Time - 25 minutes
3S Questions
2. The tornado ripped through the central part of

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness town, toppling small buildings, uprooting trees,
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence and power lines were snapped.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) power lines were snapped
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (8) power lines snapping
you th ink the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) snapping power lines
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (0) snapped power lines
one of the other choices. (E) power lines snapped
3. As I entered the Pantheon, a bui lding that has existed
standard written English; thai is, pay attention to grammar,
in Rome since ancient times, my brother is turning to
me to whisper that the great rotunda of the Panlheon
Your selection should resull in the most effective
was a haven of peace and harmony.
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or
ambiguity. (A) is turni ng to me to whisper
(8) turned to me and whispered
EXAMPLE: (C) turns to me and is whispering
(D) turns and also whispers to me
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book
(E) would tum and whisper to me
and she was sixry-five years old then.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then 4. No one is more sorrier than me that you missed the
(8) whcn she was sixty-five awards ceremony.
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (A) more sorrier than me
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (8) sorrier than I
(C) more sorry like myself
0 . @®® (0) as sorry like I am
(E) sorrier but me
t. One of the most popular and attractive new cars were
available for so little money that oeople thought 5. Many people were alarmed by the Supreme Court
something was wrong. ruling that gave judges discretionary power to
(A) were available for SO little money that people determine about closing trials to the public.
thought sOmething was (A) about closing trials
(8) was available for so little money that people (8) whether he or she ought to close trials
thought something were (C) whether trials sho uld be closed
(C) was available for so little money that people (D) ifhe or she should close trials
thought something has gone (E) the closing of trials, if they wish
(D) was available for so little money that people
thought something was
(E) was selling for very liule money, so people
thought of it as something was
718
31
.
6 (I)
,"
•••¥
6 6
6. The mountain's summit bayjne been reached, the 10. Although criticized by a few for her daredevil aviation
weary climbers gazed down upon a scene of escapades, most people viewed Amelia Earhart as a
indescribable grandeur. skillfull2i1QI.
(A) The mountai n's summit baving been reached (A) most people viewed Amelia Earhart as a skillful
(8) The summit of the mountain being reached pilot
(C) At the mountain's summit. when they reached it (8) most people viewed Amelia Earhart to be a
(D) When they reached the mountain's summit skillful pilot
(E) When baving reached the mountain's summit (C) a skillful pilot was what most people viewed
Amelia Earhart as
7. Whether tbe ancien! E&vpljans actually sailed or (D) Amelia Earhart was viewed by most people as a
d..id...n2l to South America remains uncenain. but skillful pilot
Heyerdahl's Ra II expedition demonstrated that (E) Amelia Earhart. a skillful pi lot in the view of most
they could have done so. people
(A) Whether the ancient Egyptians actually
11. Among the Inuit peoples of arctic Canada, poetry
sailed or did not contests are held to seWe conflicts that might otherwise
(B) Whether in actuality the ancient Egyptians
be disruptive to families and communities.
sailed or did not
(e) The aCluality of the sailing by the ancient (A) that might otherwise be disruptive to families
Egyplians and communities
(D) That the ancient Egyptians actually sailed (8) that otherwise, 10 families and communities,
(E) The ancient Egyptians. their actual sailing were disrupting them
(C) and they are otherwise disruptive to families
8. In 1969 Baldwin High School defeated Ross Academy and communities
in the districfs first televised quiz bowl game. even so. (D) by which families and communities were
1ll'Y.did not win again until 1983. otherwise being disrupted
(E) whereby families and communities that might
(A) game. even so, they otherwise be disrupted are not
(8) game, so they
(C) game, they
(D) game; as a result, it
(E) game, but it
9. Isolated by the sea, the aboriginal peoples of Australia

had developed a uniQue culture long before the arrival
of Europeans.
(A) had developed a unique culture
(B) had a unique culture and it developed
(C) having developed a unique culture
(D) have a unique culture, it developed
(E) have a unique culture; development was
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any part 01 this page is illegal .
6
The following sentences test yo ur ability to recognize 15. Few issues of public policy are as likely to provoke
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either A B
a single error or no crror at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underli ned widespread interest as that involving possible
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error. select the e
onc underlined part that must be changed to make the danger to the health or safety of children. No error
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard o E
written English.
16, The young fish were very tiny. yet each of them ate
EXAMPLE:
A B
The other delegates and him immediately many times its own weight in solid food every day.
A B e e 0
accepted the resolution drafted by the No error
o E
E
17. In the opinion of the lecturer, a background in the
A B
hislOry of the Middle Ages is not a condition necessary
12. Brand-name prescription drugs are often more
A in the enjoyment of medieval literature. No error
famil iar to consumers than generic drugs, but the c o E
B
18. Driving less frequently is one way to save energy;
latter are not nearly as expensive than bra nd· name
A
e o
to tum off all appliances when they are not being
drugs. No error
E
B e
used is another. No error
13. In 1508, the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon- o E
A
19. After Genrude Ederle had swam the English Channel,
the same Ponce de Leon who later would seek
A
B e she was celebrated as the first woman ever
the fountain of youth- landed on Pueno Rico
B
to accomplish the feat . No error
accompanied by a small force. No error
o E
e o E
14. Because they painted scenes of life as ordinary

A
people lived it, rather than scenes fro m myths,
B e
many ni neteenth-century American anists differed
from earlier times. No e rror

o E IGO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE;
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any part of IhIS page ill j~ ,
6 ~6
20. When a government agency encouraged the use 25. The exchange between the teacher and Ihe student
A
of high-grade recycled office paper, thcy helped promotes learning far different from that which
B A B
increase the availability of writing paper and results as the student listens but does not participate.
C c D
envelopes made from recyeted paper. No error No error
D E E
21. Malaria, a disease which has been almost completely 26. Studying the language and culture of a foreign
A A
eradicated in Ihe United States, is still a threat country is highly recommended to the tourist
B B
of travelers in some foreign countries. No error who expect to learn from his or her vacation
c D E C D
abroad. No error
22. If I am reading the editorial correct, the mayor is E
A B
deliberately avoiding any discussion of the tax-refonn 27. For we students. concern about impending
C A B
bill until after the November elections. No error tuition hikes was even more acute than
D E C
apprehension about final exams. No error
23. The Papago Indians of southern Arizona take D E
justifiable pride in their traditional craft of 28. The jury took offense at the prosecutor's mocking
A B A
basket.weaving. an art that has brought them tone but could deny neither the accuracy of the
C B c
fame throughout the Southwest. No error charges £.I: the seriousness of the crime. No error
D E D E
24. The record left by fossi ls. the ancient remains of plants 29. Available through the school's guidance office
and animals, provide scientists with their primary ~ ajob directory and a list of job referral centers
A B A
source of infonnation about prehistoric life. that provide infonnation for students in need of
c D B c D
No error employment. No error
E E
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE>
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6
31. Of the following. which is the best version of the
Directions: The fo llowing passage is an early draft of an underlined portion of sentence 5 belo w?
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
Whale r" jt js. jt fee med that the cWJlure has a
Read the passage and select the best answers for Ihe burrow limIer our front porch.
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (A) (As it is now)
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (B) In spite of what it is. it seems that the creature has
to consider organization and development. In choosing (C) The creature. whatever it was. seemingly having
answers, follow the req uirements of standard written (D) It would seem. whatever it is. that it would ha ve
English. (E) Whatever the creature is. il seems to have
32. In the first paragra ph (sentences 1·5). the author is

Questions 30·35 are based on the following passage. primarily
(I) I have started to wonder if there is a skunk sharing (A) informing Ihe reader about the behavior of
my family's home. (2) Alt ho ugh I' ve never seen one in skunks
Qur yard in Ihe daytime. several times rece ntl y, around (B) providing examples to argue a point
midnight. I have sniffed that familiar odor through the eC) ridiculing those who dislike skunks
open bedroom window. (3) While usually unable 10 locale (0 ) re lating II story abou t personal experiences
Ihe source of it. even o n a moon Iii nighl. (4) However. (E) casting doubt o n a common misconception
Iwice. I gal 10 Ihe wi ndow in time 10 glim pse an indistinct
black-and-white bundle scooting across the yard, heading 33. Of the following. which is the beSI way \0 revise and
away from Ihe fronl corner of Ihe house. (5) Whalever it is, combine the underlined portions of sentences 8 and 9
it seemed that the creature has a burrow under our front (reproduced below)?
porc h. I know tllm a skllllk 's Latin name is Mephilis mephi tis.
(6) Sometime, probably in daylight, when I' ve gathered and that skunks shollld not be confilsed with DO/realS,
my courage and put on a gas mask. maybe I' ll crawl under Ge1tjne jll a skI/ilk's It"Q}', these facts will not help you
there for the purpose of looking around visually. (7) But milch.
what if it really is a skunk? (8) I know that a skunk's Latin
name is Mephitis mephitis, and that skunks should not be (A) polecats. but getting in the way of a skunk
confused with polecats. (9) Getting in a skunk's way, these (8) polecats. but if you get in a skunk's way
facts will not help you much. (10) Welcome to Aromaville! (C) polecats; consequently, if you get in a
skunk's way
(I I) Evicting a skunk is probably not a pleasant task.
(D) polccals; then, to get in the way of a skunk
(12) Maybe it's not all ihat important to know for sure
(E) polecats: getting in a skunk 's way
if it's a skunk (13) In fael. maybe the best solution would
be if we simply moved away.
30. In context, which of the following is the best version

of the unde rl ined portion of sentence 3 (re produced
below)?
While KSI/OUy unable to locale (he WUlfe aUt, e~'en 011
a moonlit nigllt.
(A) (As it is now)
(B) Usually, however, I have been unable to locate its
source
(C) Usuall y. though, the source could nOl have been
located
(D) Having been unable. usually, to locate its source
(E) Without being able to locate its source
722
35
6
.®
... ..
Fri' 6 Ul'\lluthorize<l copying or .euse 01
8ny pa., of this page 15 illegal.
6
34. Which of the following should be done with 35. The primary effect of the final paragraph
sentence II (reproduced below)? (sentences 12 and 13) is to
Evicting a skullk is probably I/Ot a pleasant task. (A) continue the essay's tone of playful humor
(B) summarize the ideas introduced in Ihe
(A) Insert Ihe word "Definitely" at the beginning.
preceding paragraph
(B) Delete it; Ihe point has already been made.
(C) give an example to prove thc point of the
(C) Move it \0 the end of the essay as a summary
first paragraph
statement. (D) use persuasion 10 change Ihe reader's opinion
(D) Move it to the end of paragraph J (after
(E) explain contradictions within the essay
sentence 5).
(E) Move it to the beginning of the essay as
an introduction.
STOP
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10 (I) Una~ ~ Of reuse 01

.roy pan 01 ~ page it; illegal.
(I) 10
SECTION 10
T ime - 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. The duties of a firefighter are often as dangerous

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness as a oolice officer.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) as a police officer
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) as those of a police officer
original phrasi ng; the other four choices arc different. If (C) like a police officer
you thi nk the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) such as a police officer
than any of the alternatives. select choice A: if nO!, select (E) like a police officer's
3. Pearl Buck. one of the most popular writers of her m
winning Ihc Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for her
standard wrillen English; that is. pay attention to grammar.
noyels about China.
choice of words, sentence construction. and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) day. winning the Nobel Prize in LiteralUre in 1938
sentence-clear and precise. without awkwardness or for her novels about China
ambiguity. (B) day, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, which
she won in 1938 for her novels about China
EXAMPLE: (C) day, and she won the Nobel Prize in Literature in
1938 for her novels about China
(D) day, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1938 for
and she was sixly-five years old then.
her novels about China
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (E) day, her novels about China bringing her the
(B) when she was sixty-five Nobel Prize in LiteralUre in 1938
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years 4. The first world computer chess championship, held in
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five Stockholm. was won by a Russian computer program
0 . 000 called Kaissa. and there were four Kaissa victories and
no defeats.
I. For as many as twenty years and more Joseph Conrad CA) Kaissa, and there were four Kaissa victories and
lived the life of a sailor. no defeats
(A) For as many as twenty years and more (8) Kaissa. which had four victories and no defeats
(B) For not much morc than about twenty years (C) Kaissa, having four victories and with no defeats
(C) For a little over twenty years and more (D) Kaissa, which was victorious four times and no
defeats
(D) For twenty years and thcn some
(E) Kaissa; it was won by four victories and no
(E) For more than twenty years
defeats
738
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UnaUlhorized copy>-Jg or reuse at

any part ot 'this page is illegal.
(I) 10
5. Anyone who has high motivation or is reasonably 9. An expedition was sent in 194910 check a Turkish
intelligent can learn to playa competent game of chess. villager's reponing he had seen the remains of Noah's
ark on Mount Ararat.
(A) has high motivation or is reasonably intelligent
(8) has either high motivation or else intelligence in (A) a Turkish villager's reponing
reasonable amounts (8) the repon ofa Turkish vi llager that
(C) is highly motivated or who has reasonable (C) the reponing ofa Turkish villager
intelligence instead (D) that a Turkish villager who reponed
(D) is highly motivated or reasonably intelligent (E) the Turkish villager report saying
(E) has high motivation or else reasonable amounts of
intelligence 10. Many communities in my state are fonning
neighborhood watch programs. for it will deter
6. Although Jonathan is very much interested in criminals.
Mexican culture, he does not speak Spanish
(A) programs, for it wi ll deter
and has never visited Mexico.
(8) programs, in which it will deter
(A) he does not speak Spanish and has never (C) programs that will deter
visited Mexico (D) programs for the deterrence of
(8) it is without being able to speak Spanish (E) programs being able to deter
or having visited Mexico
(C) he does not speak Spanish and has never II. Friends ofOreiser reported that he was fired from his
visited there first job for the reason that his news stories were
(D) he does not speak Spanish nor has he ever sympathetic always for the poor.
visited there
(E) it is without speaking Spanish nor having (A) for the reason that his news stories were
visited there sympathetic always for the poor
(8) since his news stories for the poor that were
always sympathetic
7. The more you eat of convenience foods, the more our
(C) because his sympathy 10 the poor was always in
taste buds will prefer chemical flavors to natural ones.
his news stories
(A) The more you eat of convenience foods (D) the fact being that his news stories were always
(8) TIle more we cat convenience foods sympathetic about the poor
(C) The more convenience foods are eaten (E) because his news stories were always sympathetic
(D) As the use of convenience foods increases to the poor
(E) As people eat more convenience foods
12. An article suggests that The Great Gatsby was not
8. Having Florence Nightingale as their leader and a read during the 1930's, the reason was that the novel
growing awareness of the need for cleanl iness helped described a lifestyle made extinct and fri volous by
to bring about the establishment of standards of the current Great Depression.
hygiene in hospitals.
(A) 1930's, the reason was that the novel described
(A) Having Florence Nightingale as their leader a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous
(8) Having the leadership of Florence Nightingale's (8) 1930's, it is describing a lifestyle that was made
(C) Florence Nightingale as their leader an extinct and frivolous one
(D) To be led by Florence Nightingale (C) 1930's; describing a lifestyle made extinct and
(E) The leadership of Florence Nightingale frivolous
(D) 1930's because the novel described a li festyle
made extinct and frivolous
(E) \930's because its description had been of
an extinct and frivolous lifestyle, caused by
739
38
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anv pan oIltl11 P60fIIS ~1eQal
13. Computers compiling statistics for scientists have 14. Of all the states represented at the conference.llll<
supplied a delu~e of jnfonuAtjoO. aDd it has changed &overnor of Missouri was the only one 10 present
the way that research is conducted. plans for enforcing the new regulations.
(A) a deluge of infonnation, and it has (A) the governor of Missouri was the on ly one to
(B) a great deal of infonnation, and that is present
(C) so much infonnation: it is, therefore (B) making the governor from Missouri the only
(D) so much infonnation that they have one to present
(E) so much infonnation. which they have been (C) Missouri 's governor only presented
(D) Missouri 's governor presented the only
(E) Missouri was the only one whose governor
presented
STOP
740
39
(Rill( ,\1 RI A[)[;>';(,
Sec lion ~ S;eclion 7 ~ecl io!!2
Mu Itipte·Choke Questions Multiple·Chokt Quutlons Multi ple·Choke Questions
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Mu ltiple·Choice Student · Produud
Multiple·Choice QUHtioll$ Mul tiple-Choice QUHtion5
Questions Rnponse Question l
c.,_ c.n.o Difficulty C_ c._
c.~, Oifficulty Difficulty
..., Difficulty Difficulty CurlUt Difficulty
,, , ,,, ,, ,, ,,
Answer Le"d Anlwer Levd Answer ~, Answer Answer Le"d Ans .... r Level
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Multiple·ChoiCe Que$liOns Multi pl e·Cholce Questions
Co • ...,,, Difficulty Corr«t Difficulty
CorlUl Ans~. Difficulty Le ... l
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NOTE: Difficulty levels are E (easy), M (medium), and H (hard ).
• To score your essay, use the SAT scoring guide In Chapter 9 and the free s.ample essays a\'ailable online at www.,ollegeboard.comf$alonlinecourse.
On this practice t(St, your essay sco re should range from 0 to 6. (Keep in mind that on the actual SAT. you r essay will be Il'ad by two readers and
you will .eceive a score of 0 to 12 on your score Tepor!.)
742
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4~D oo Unaulhori>!ed (;<)pyirlg or .euse of

any pan of this page is illegal.
oo
SECTION 4
Time - 2S minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, selecllhe best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
2, The Ussuri tiger, a relative of the Bengal tiger, has been

The follow ing sentences test correctness and effectiveness desc ribed as the SJronaeS! tiaer and also the mosl
of expression. Pan of each sentence or the entire sentence peaceful of them.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) the strongest tiger and also the most peaceful
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If of them
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B ) not only the strongest tiger. but also more
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select peaceful than any
one of the other choices. (C) the strongest tiger at the same time as it is the
most peaceful tiger
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (D) at once the strongest and also the most peaceful
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, of them
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. (E) the strongest and yet the most peaceful of tigers
sentence-dear and precise, without awkwardness or
3, Like most new residents, (he town's windjna streets
ambiguity.
confused the Cunis famBy for a day or two.
EXAMPLE: CA) the town's winding streets confused the Curtis
family
(B) the winding streets of the town confusing the
and she was sixty-fiye years old then.
Cunis family
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (C) the Cunis family was confused by the lown 's
(B) when she was sixty-five winding streets
(C) at age sixty-five years old (D) the Cunis family, who found the town's winding
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years streets confUsing
(E) at the lime when she was Sixty-five (E) there were winding streets in the town which
®e ®®® confused the Cunis family
I. Mr Chuna would !ike to retire. but retirement is unable 4. The city of Houston, Texas, is about sixty miles jnland,
!O be afforded by him.
whjle bejna the third largest foreign-trade pon in the
United States.
(A) Mr. Chung would like to retire, but retirement is
unable to be afforded by him. CA) is about sixty miles inland, while being
(B) Mr. Chung would like to retire, but he cannot (B) although about sixty miles inland, is
afford to do so. (C) being located about sixty miles inland makes it
(C) Mr. Chung would like to retire, but he is unable to (D) which is about sixty miles inland, although
afford that. it is
(D) Retirement is what Mr. Chung would like to do, (E) whose location is about sixty miles inland,
but he cannot afford it. makes it
(E) Retiremenl appeals to Mr. Chung, but he cannot
afford stopping working.
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DD Unaulhon* c:opying 01' IlIUM 01

any part oIl1vs P'9' is ihgaL
D D
5. Great literature, such as the Greek tragedies or 8. e.G. lung. a Swiss psycholol:is[. whose renown i.h jI
the novels of Jane Austen. endures by their speakjo~ Pi2!lill in the field of psychoanalysis almost equals
direc!ly and freshly 10 each new generation of readers. that of Sigmund Freud.
(A) by their speaking directly and freshly (A) e.G. lung. a Swiss psychologist. whose renown as
(8) by its speaking direct and fresh a pioneer
(C) because it speaks directly and fresh ly (B) e.O. lung. who was a Swiss psychologist
(D) because of speaking direct and fresh and whose renown as a pioneer
(E) since they speak with directness and freshness (C) A Swiss with renown as a psychological pioneer.
e.G. lung
6. The services of architect I.M. Pei are always very (D) e.G. lung was a Swiss psychologist whose
much in demand cODsjdeom: thai his buildings renown as a pioneer
combjne both beauty and an affordable price. (E) A Swiss. e.G. lung wbo was a psychological
pioneer and whose renown
(A) considering that his buildings combine both
beauty and an affordable price
9. Man y people think taxes are!oo hieh. conseQuemly.
(B) considering thaI his buildings combine both some of those people do not rcpon all the money !hey
beauty and afford3bility
earn.
(e) because his buildings combi ne beauty and
affordability (A) high. consequently. some of those people do nOt
(D) because his buildings will combine nO! only repon
beaUly but also an affordable price (B) high, therefore. some of those people do not
(E) being that his buildings will combine both beauty repon
and affordability (C) high: consequenlly. some do not repon
(D) high, some people do not Tepon
7. The traeic stocy of Paolo and Frallcesca was the suQjeel (E) higb. and therefore not reponing
of a poem and a sympbony. heinl: popular throul:hou!
the nineteenth century. 10. lust as Ireland bas produced many famous writers and
the Netherlands an abundance of famous painters. S!J:
(A) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was tbe
Finland has provided a larl:e num ber of famous
subject of a poem and a symphony. being
archi tects.
popular throughout the nineteenth century.
(8) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was (A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous
popular throughout the nineteenth century, archite<:ts
where it is being made tbe subject of a poem and (8) Finland provides famous architects. and by large
a symphony. numbers
(C) The tragic story of Paolo and Francesca was (C) Finland's contribution is to provide famous
popular throughout the nineteenth century. when architects in a large number
it was the subject of both a poem and a (D) and so then, for Finland. a large number of
symphony. famous architects is provided
(D) Paolo and Francesca. whose tragic story (E) and like them Finland has provided a large
was tbe subject of a popular poem and number of famous :lrchi!ects
symphony throughout the nineteenth century.
(E) Being the subject of a poem and a symphony. the II. Readers oflhe novice writer's recent book h:lve said
tragic story of Paolo and Francesca having been that it is at once frustT:lting because of its chaotic
popular th roughout the nineteenth century. structure but its orieinaljty is Slill a delil:hl.
(A) but its originality is still a delight
(B) although it is delightfully original
(C) and it is del ightful in its originality
(D) while being so original as to delight them
(E) and delightful because of i!s originality
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42
4~D D D l.IrIauthonzed CO!l'/I'lII or _

8f1y part oIlhi11 P'O' it ~.
of
D D
The following sentences lest your ability to recognize 15. A lack of job opponunities for recent graduates
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either A
than one error. The crror, if there is one, is underl ined restricts their independence, often forcing them
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the B C
one underlined part that must be changoo to make the to remain at home or else they move back home.
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct. selcct choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard o
No error
wrinen EngliSh.
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 16. Marathon racing, a challenging test of endurance,
ABC
accepted the resolution drafted by the has become increasingly popular among amateur
o ABC
neutral stales. No error
athletes in the last few years. No error
E
o E
11. Crossing and recrossing the stream, stepping on or

12. Much of the success of Frank Capra and George A
A over slippery rocks, and following a trail that grew
Stevens as a director of motion pictures can be B C
B
steeper and steeper, the hikers soon realized
attributed to the technical work of talented film
o how challenging their day would be. No error
C
editors. No error o E
E
18. Though best known as a jazz vocalist, he
A
13. It was fortunate that Ms. Seward attended the
A also enjoyed gospel music. whereby he told his
B C
committee meeting, for only she was able to exami ne
B C manager that he wanted to make a recordi ng of his
the problem calm and thoughtfully. No error

o
o E favorite gospel songs. No error
E
14. My colleague and myself received an award for our

19. In the foothills of that large mountain range ~
A B
paper on the accuracy with which a polygraph A
C the sources of a ri ver whose course was not
B
measures physiological processes. No error
fully mapped until this century. No error
D E
C o E
IGO ONTOT"E NEXT PAGEl
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43
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aoy part 01 tlU page is ilktgal.
D D
20. [n 1850 J im Beckwourth, a Black American explorer, 25. As a student becomes fami liar with both early
A
discovered in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada and contemporary Native American literature, one
A B B
a pass soon becoming an important gateway to may nOlice that traditional stories have influenced
C D
C D
California gold-rush country. No error recent ones. No error
E
E
21. Because the flood has made the bridge inaccessible to 26. 10hn Edgar Wideman is regarded to be one of
A A B
automobiles and pedestrians alike, we had rented the most talented writers of the late twentieth century
B C
a small boat to reach the island. No crror and is often compared to such literary giants as
D E C D
Ra lph Ellison and Richard Wright. No error
22. The Mount Isa mine complex is onc of E
A
Ihc most highly mechanized in the world, 27. Mastery of cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques
B A
plus being the largest single industrial are mandatory for firefighters and pol ice officers
C D B C
enterprise in Queensland. No error as well as rescue squad volunteers. No error
E D E
23. Although one likes to believe that your own 28. ~the Uni ted States, the industrial use of plastics i!
ABC A B C
children are beautiful, intelligent, and well behaved, greater than steel, aluminum, and copper combined.
D
what one believes is not always the case. No error No error
D E E
24. The warning in the plays is clear: unless we restore 29. The dolls in the collection. all more than two hundred
A B A B
the integrity of the family, all traditional values years old, had been carefully carved for children
C C
will disappear . No error long since gone. No error
D E D E
IGO DN TO THE NEXT PAGE>
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44
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aoy pan 04 !his page is illegal.
01
oo
31. In context. which of the following revisions would NOT
Diredions: The following passage is an early draft of an improve sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
essay. Some pans ofthe passage need to be rewriuen.
Some of the mOSI famous events in Russian history took
Read the passage and select the best answers for the place then. there 11'(1$ a lime when people challengei/liIe
questio ns that follow. Some questions are about particular gO~'emmefl1,fougilt Iwrdlyfor socilll reforms, risking
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve being defeated and punished.
10 consider organization and development. In choosing (A) Begin with "I should explain",
answers, follow the requiremcms of standard wriuen (B) Change "then, there" to "then. It".
English. (C) Delete the comma after "govern me nt"
and insen "and".
(D) Change "hardly" to "passionatcly".
Questions 30·35 ar e based on the followin g essay, (E) Change "being defeated and pun ished"
a response to an assignment to wr ite about a historical to "defeat and punishme nt".
fi gure one would like to meet.
32, Sentence 5 in the passage is best described as
(1) What person from the past would J most like
to meet " (2) Not a famous or powerful person; I would (A) introducing a new topic
prefer meeting a really good obsc:rver who lived in a (B) providing an addilional example
faraway place at a dramatic moment in time. (3) Nancy (C) emphasizing a major point
Gardner Prince. a young African American woman who (D) linking two contrasting d iscussions
went to live at the imperial Russian coun in 1824. (4) Some (E) presenting a personal opinion
of the most famous events in Russian history took place
then. there was a time when people challenged the 33. In context, which revision appropriately shonens
government. fought hardly for social refonns. risking being sentence 6 (reproduced below)?
defeated and punished. (5) Nancy Gardner Prince was right Allyolle ClllI relld abow this period. I)!II I would {ol'e ta
there in Saint Petersburg. (6) Anyone can read about this lis/ell to tilor ",omi", who 1\"(IS born alld raised in
period. but I would love to listen to that woman who was Massachusetts who heard tile rumors alldfelt rhe
born and raised in Massachusetts who heard the rumors and unrest.
felt the unrest.
(7) Her ability to speak several languages enabled her to (A) Change "Anyone can read" to "Read".
gather stories from eyewitnesses of major events like the (B) Change "this period" 10 "this"'.
uprising of December 1825. (8) She shared in the hope and (C) Change '" would love 10 listen" to "to listen".
sadness of those long·ago people. (9) We know that she (D) Change " who was bom and raised in" to "from".
tried to leam about everything she fou nd- I believe she (E) Delete "and fell the unres!" .
would have much 10 say about the many countries she lived
in. (1 0) For nine years she worked and moved through all
levels of society. from meeting with the empress on
charitable projects to fostering poor children. ( II) Talking
to Nancy Prince would be just great.
30. In context. which of the following is the best phrase to

insen at the beginning of sentence 3 ?
(A) T hat one is
(B) My choice would be
(C) In any case, that would be
(D) An excellent observer.
(E) Ncvenheless. I have chosen
778
45
DD D D
34. Which of the following is the best sentence to insert at 35. In context. which of the fo llowing revisions would NOT
the beginning of the second paragraph? improve sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?
(A) The journey from Massachuscus had been long. We know lhal she lried to leom about everything she
(8) In [824 Saini Petersburg was a turbulent city. fOllnd- 1 beliel·t! she 1I'01lid have much /0 say aboul/he
(C) Russian history has fascinated me for years. //lOllY cOUll lrie.~ Jhe iI\'c,! ill.
(D) Unfortunately, Prince faced harsh winters in Saint
(A) Delete 'We know that",
Petersburg.
( B) Delete " I believe",
(E) Prince was an ideal observer in several ways.
(C) Change "found" to "encountered".
( D) Change the dash to a semicolon.
(E) Change "much" to " tons of things",
STOP
779
46
10~ If!J\
\f!JI 10
SECTION 10
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
Turn to Section 10 (page 7) of your answer sheet to answer the questions In this section.
Diredions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among thc choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on thc answer sheet.
2. Althoul:h jts bejnl: factual in conteO!. the televised

biogrnphy of Queen Elizabeth I did not seem credible.
of expression, Pan of cach sentence or Ihc entire sentence
is underlined: beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) Although its being factual in content
phrasing thc underlined rnaleriaL Choice A repeats the (B) Despite its factua l content
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) Whereas it was factual in content
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) Its contents being factual
than any of thc alternatives. selcct choice A: if not. select (E) Even though factual conlems were there
one of Ihe other c hoices.
In making your selcction, follow the requirements of 3. We do nOi have absolute personal freedom because
what anyone does would have an effect on other
standard wrilten English: that is. pay attention to grammar.
].)Cople·s lives.
choice of words, SCnlcnce construction. and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) freedom because what anyone does would have an
sentence-clear and precise. without awkwardness or effect on other people's lives
ambiguity. (B) freedom because it has an effect on the lives of
other people
EXAMPLE: (C) freedom because what we do affects other people
(D) freedom. and the reason is the effect our actions
have on other people
and she was sixly-five years old lhen.
(E) freedom. our actions having an effect on other
(A) and she was Sixty-five years old then people
(B) when she was sixty-five
(C) at age sixty-five years old 4. The information age has ushered children imo a global
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years society. tbis situation causing edycators to lament a
(E) al the time when she was sixty-five lack of texts that explain the diversit), of cultures.
0 . ®®® (A) this situation causing educators to lamem
(8) which is the cause of educators lamenting
1. Before signing up for next year's courses. the students' (C) this causing educators' larnems over
schedules myst be approved by their advisers. (D) a situation causing educators to lament
(A) the students' schedules must be approved by their (E) and with it educators' lament at
advisers
(B) the students must have their schedules approved
by their advisers
(C) their advisers must approve the schedule of each
student
(D) the schcdules of students must be approved. and
by their advisers
(E) approval of each one's schedule must be given by
their advisers
I GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGEl
801
47
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allY part of ttli' page Is megal.
5, One result of the fi re department's new contraCI 8. It is hard for some young people to believe that women
is that they can no longer offer overtime pay on were at one time not admitted to some colleges. but they
weekends. have since become coeducational.
(A) One result of the fire department's new COnlract (A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational
is that they can no longer offer overtime pay (8) colleges, but they are now coeducational
on weekends. (C) colleges, and have since become coeducational
( B) As one result of its new contract, the fire (D) colleges that have since become coeducational
department can no longer offer overtime pay (E) colleges, since becoming coeducational
on weekends.
(C) One result of the fire department's new contract 9. The Navajo migrated front Canada to Ihe soutb-
is that overtime pay on weekends can no longer western United Stales at the same tjme as the Apache.
be offered to them. and they speak an Apachean language.
(D) Thc fire department's new contract results in theiT
no longer being able to offer them overtime pay (A) The Navajo migrated from Canada to the
on weekends. southwestern United States at the same time as
(E) One result of the fi re department's new contract Ihe Apache, and they
are that offering overtime pay on weekends is (B) The Navajo, who migrated from Canada to the
no longer possible. southwestern United States at the same time as
the Apache,
(C) Migrating from Canada to the southwestern
6. Anita liked to walch televjsion. of which she found the
United States at the same time were the Navajo
science programs especially fascinating.
and the Apache, and they
(A) television, of which she found the science (D) The Navajo migrated from Canada to the
programs especially fascinating southwestern United States with the Apache and
(B) television: she found the science programs this is why they
especially fascinating (E) A migration from Canada to the southwestern
(C) television, and it was especially the science United States at the same time with the Apache,
programs that were of fasc ination the Navajo
(D) television; the fascination of the science programs
especially to. Arelia believes that cloth draped over hills is an an
(E) television, especially fascinating to her were the form that cannOllast long enough as a work of art
science programs either to please or influence future generations.
(A) cannot last long enough as a work of an either to
7. Poet Anne Spencer initially allowed very little of her
work to be published because her exacting standards please or influence future generations
caused her (Q doubt that her poems were good enough (B) cannot last tong enough as a work of art, for ages
to share with olhers. to come neither pleasing or innuencing future
generations
(A) because her exacting standards caused he r to (C) is not a lasting work of art that for ages to come
doubt will either please or innuence future generations
(B) her standards being exacting, she doubted (D) is not a lasting work of art that will remain for
(C) because of her standards being exacting, which ages pleasing and innuencing future generations
she doubted (E) will not last long enough either to please or to
(D) from having exacti ng standards causing her to influence future generations
doubt
(E) having exacting standards causing her doubting
802
48
10~ lJnatIthoflZed ~ or reuse 01

any pari ot ttus praoe is illegal.
Lt. The price of gold has been infl uenced by continued 13. If we compare the number ofalli~ators with the Gila
inflation and because people have lost fajth in the monster over time. we see that the alligator is in
dollar. decline.
(A) because people have lost faith (A) If we compare the number of alligators with
(8) because of the loss of faith the Gila monster over time, we see that the
(C) by people which have lost faith alligator is
(D) losing faith (8 ) Comparing the number of alligators and the Gila
(E) loss of faith monster, we see that alligators are
(C) In comparison with Gila monsters. the number of
12. Giraffes born with very long necks were able to stay alligators arc
alive when food was scarce and were therefore able tQ ( D) To compare the alligator with Gila monsters is to
pass Ihis desirable trajl OD to (heir offspring. show that it is
(E) A comparison over time of the numbers of
(A) and were therefore able to pass Ihis desirable Imil alligators and Gila monsters shows that
on to their offspring all igators arc
(B) and Ihis desirable trait was passed on as a result to
its offspring
14. Many of the instruments used in early operations oftbe
(C) so tbat tbeir offspring could have this desirable trait
United Slales Anny Signal CoOlS were adaptations of
passed to them
equipment used by the Plains Indians. particularly tbat
(D) so. therefore, this desirable trail would be oftbe heliograph.
inherited by their offspring
(E) and therefore have Ihis desirable Irail inherited in (A) Corps were adaptations o f equipment used by the
their offspring Plains India ns. particu la rly that of the heliograph
(8) Corps, there were adaptations of equipment used
by the Plains Indians. particularly the heliograph
(C) Corps. and in particular the heliograph. was an
adaptation of equipment used by the Plains
Indians
(D) Corps. particularly the heliograph. were adap·
tations of equipment used by Plai ns Indians
(E) Corps being adaptations, the heliograph in par-
ticular, of those used by Plains Indians
STOP
803
49
(RII [( \1 111 /\1>1:\(,
Seq lon 2 Secllon 5 Sectio n 8
Mult iple-Choice Quelt ions Multi ple-Choke Qucstlons Multiple-Choice Quu tio ns
Corr«t O,fficul11 ConKI Oiflicul11 Contel Difficulty Corr«1 Difficu lty Cor...,cl Oifficu l11 Corr« 1 Difficulty
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Stel;On 3 Stetion' Stetion 9
Multiple-Choke Student-Produced
Mulliplt--Choke Qucltions Multiple-Choke Question,
,
Quc~tions
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f..tsay Stctlon 4 Stellon 10
Multiple-Choice Quell ionl Multiple·C hoke Questions
Corr«1 Difficulty
,,
Co~' Difficulty
..., Corr«! Anf"'er
,
Difficulty ""v~l
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NOTE: Difficulty levds are E (nsy), M {medium}, and H (hard ) .
• To score your essay, use the SAT scoring guide in C hapteT 9 and the free sample essays available online at www.collegeboard.(om!satonlinccourse.
On this practice test , your eS$ay score should range from 0 to 6. ( Kup in mind that on the actual SAT, your essay will be read by two readers and
you will receive a score ofO to 12 on your Kore repolft.)
804
50
4(1)0 oo Ul'\lluthorized oopyiI'Ig or reuse of

any pall 01 this page is illegal.
oo
SECTION 4
Time - 25 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this seclion. select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
2. The protesters comjm,l this far. they decided to insist

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness that they meet with the president of thc board before
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence leaving the bui lding.
phrasing the underlined materiaL Choice A repeats the (A) The protesters coming this far, Ihey
original phrasing; the other four choices are diffe rent. If (8) They. coming this far. the protesters
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (e) Having come this far, thc protesters
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not. select (D) To come this far, the protesters
one of the other choices. (E) The protesters came this far, so that they

3_ Our lab instructor ~ave us the assi~nment. and we
standard written English: that is. pay attention to grammar.
slaned wo[kin~ busil}'. and we continued to do so for
the remainder of the laboratory period,
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or (A) Our lab instructor gave us the assignment, and we
ambiguity. staned working busily. and we continued to do
so for the remainder of the laboratory period.
EXAMPLE: (B) Upon starting to work busily after we were given
the assignment by our lab instructor. we
continued to do so for the remainder of the
laboratory period.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (C) Following our lab instructor's giving us the
(8 ) when she was sixty-five assignment, wc started working busily and
(C) at age sixty-five years old continued doing JUSt that for the fest of the
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years laboralOry period.
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (D) After our lab instructor gave us the assignment.
®e ®®® we worked busily for the remainder of the
laboratory period.
(E) We worked busily for the remainder of the
L The problem of copyright violat jon. freguently
laboratory period when the assignment had been
compounded in renain countries because the sale
given to us by our lab instructor.
and use of copyrighted materials are not tightly
controlled .
CA) violation, frequently compounded in cenain
countries because
(8) violation, frequently compounded in cenain
countries and
(C) violation, frequently compounded in cenain
countries when
(D) violation is frequently compounded in cenain
counlries where
(E) violation is frequently compounded in cenain
countries so
836
51
4 (i) 0 o o UnaU1horized copying Of reuse 01

any part 01 this ~ is ill&08l.
oo
4. Activist Mumeo Oku campaigned to improve the lot of 8. Television's programming difficulties, already made
women in Japan by exposing faulty househQld acute by risina costs, threatens to become even more
products. she successfully demanded Iha! these severe as a result of lobbying by special-interest
products be recalled. groups.
(A) exposing faulty household products. she (A) already made acute by rising costs, threatens
successfully demanded that these products be ( B) already made acute by rising costs, threaten
recalled (C) already made acuter by rising costs, threaten
(8) exposing faulty household products and (0) having been made acute by ris ing costs. threatens
successfully demanding their recall (E) after having been made acute by rising costs,
(C) her exposing faulty household products and threatens
successful demand of their recall
(D) exposing faulty household products, although 9. Today Ihe primary role of advenising may be to appeal
successfully demanding thai these products be and persuade rather than what it once did, educatin~
recalled and jnform iM.
(E) exposing faulty household products whose recall
she was successful in demanding (A) what it once did, educating and infonning
(8) what it once did, which was educating and
informing
5. In response 10 the traditional assumption that all
(C) what it once was, education and infonnation
readers are basically alike, feminist critics have
emphasized Ihal eveO' woman reads from their own (0 ) educating and informing, what it once did
(E) what it once was, to educale and inform
unigue perspectives.
(A) that every woman reads from their own unique 10. As an undergraduate at Rutgers University. f'lliI.l
perspectives Robeson developed a serious interest in drama, which
(8) thai every woman reads from her own un ique eventually led to a distinguished career as an actor
perspective during Ihe 1920's and 1930's.
(C) that all women reading from a unique perspective
of their own (A) Paul Robeson developed a serious interest in
(0) how women reading each have unique drama. which eventually led to
perspectives (8 ) Paul Robeson's interest in drama developed
(E) how the unique perspectives of women are in their seriously and eventuall y led him to
readings (C) where Paul Robeson developed a serious interest
in drama, eventually leading him to
(0 ) Paul Robeson developed a serious interest in
6. The spirit of the honor code to which each studcnt
drama, huving led him eventually to a
subscribes reQuires academic honesty. respectful
(E) where he developed a serious interest in drama,
behavior. and it demands responsibility in action.
Paul Robeson, as a result, eventually went on to
,(A) requires academic honesty, respectful behavior,
and it demands responsibility in action 11, The Roman Empire, oOen by guestionable means.
(B) requires academic honesty, respectful behavior, aHempled IQ brine lbeir version of law and order to
and responsible action provinces throughout Europe.
(C) require academic work that is honest, behavior
that is respectful, and action of a responsible (A) The Roman Empi re, often by questionable means,
nature attempted to bring their
(D) requires academic work that is honest, being (B) The Roman Empire was oOen questionable in ils
respectful in behavior, and demands respons ible means in its attempts to bring its
action (C) Using means that are often questionable. ehe
(E) require academic honesty, respectful behavior, Roman Em pire, in anempting 10 bring its
and the demands of responsible action (0 ) Questionable means were often used by the
Roman Em pire, in attempting 10 bring its
(E) OOen by questionable means, ehe Roman Empire
7. Finding a wide variety of financial services in a small
attempted to bring its
city is usually not as easy as ~ in metropolitan areas.
(A) it is
(B) is that
(C) for those
(D) for that
(E) are those
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837
52
oo IJnaUlhorized copying or _
anv pafl of !his ~ iI hgaI
01
oo
T he following sentences tcst your ability to recog nize I s. It was fortunate that the doctor. in spite of adverse
grammar and usage errors. Each sentcnce contai ns either A
than one error. The error. if there is one, is underlined medical conditions, was able to examine the patient
and lettered. If the sentence contai ns an error, select the B C
one undertined part that m ust be changed to make the
calm and competently. No error
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select cho ice E.
In choosing answers, follow the req uirements of standard D E
written English.
16. In the early days of the steam locomotive,
EXAM PLE:
A
The other delegates and him immediately compassionate engineers wou ld sometimes
A B C B
acce pted thc resolution drafted by thc have thrown coal overboard ~ neighborhoods.
D C D
neutral stales. No error No error
E E
17. According 10 the store manager. the most important

12. Alt hough canoeing through Ihe rapids was exciting.
A workers were those which had contrib uted to the
it was a lso exhausting. and we were happy for a time A B
B reputation of the store rather than those wit h the
to have the canoe float serene down a smooth stretch C
C D most impressive sales figures. No error
of the river. No error D E
E
IS. The survey showed that most shoppers who drive
13. Undoubtedly, more voters in the urban areas A
prefer the mall more than downtown stores
will have voted fo r J ulia Morton if she had taken a B
A B C simply because find ing parking is less difficult
less conservative stand o n zoni ng codes than she did. C D
D aI the mall. No error
Noenor E
E
19. For people i!! many ancient societies, work was
14. Writi ng about people whose c ircumstances A
A B only a means of surviva l rather than n way
were deplorable, Dickens used the novel to protest B C
C D to improve your standard of living. No error
social conditions in Victorian England. No error D E
E
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4~D D D Unauthoriled copyng Of' ........ 01

any part 01 ttU page.-.gal
D D
20. The use of irrigation i!! Ihe once·arid region 25. People who wish to be a model should remember Ihal
A B A
have increased the production of alfalfa and of not all mOdeling is glamorous and that a great deal
C B
many other crops as well , No error ofil is s imply tiring. No error
D E C D E
21. Unfortunately. the opening of the new library complex, 26. Professor Chen repealed her poinllhat the hero. if
A
previously schedu led for next September, would be given the chance to relive the moment. would choose
A B C B C
delayed for several months because of construction to do it. No error
D D E
difficulties. No error
E 27. The professor's insistence on high standards and
22. Some of the workers who resent the supervisor's rigorous examinations are not. despite what students
A A
authority would probably feel uncomfortable!!: they think. ~ a plan to withhold high grades
B C B C
were 10 acquire the independence that they demand. from them. No error
D D E
No error
E 28. Watkins believes that the dedi.ie of the essay!!! the
A B
23. Given her strong sense of social justice, Bums United Siaies loday is largely due to the decreasing
A C
vehemently protested over her party's fa ilure number of inquiring readers. No error
B C D E
to sUpPOrt a tax decrease for senior citizens. No error
D E 29. Today II medical doctor must often make a choice
A B
24. The friendly competition between my older sisler and between engaging in private practice ~ engaging
C D
1. began as soon as we learned that our aunt had in research. No error
A B E
joked that she might write a will leaving her house
C
to me alone. No error
D E
I
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III'I't' pari oIlhis P'9' it iIegaI
01
oo
31. In context, which of the following should be inserted at
Directions: The fOllowing passage is an early draft of an the beginning of sentence 7 ?
essay. Some pans of the passage need to be rewritten.
(A) After all.
Read the passage and select the best answers for the (B) In fact,
questions that follow. Some questions arc about panicular (C) You should
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (D) I like to
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (E) Then
to consider organization and development. In choosing
answers, follow the requirements of standard written 32. In context, which of the following is the best way
English. to phrase the underlined portion of sentence 8
(reproduced below) ?
Questions 30·35 a re based on the following passage. Mom has Ibis u"uwaf illlerest it bus made me
an authority among my peers.
This essay was written in response to an assignme nt to
descri be an unusual person or an unusual characteristic in a (A) (As it is now)
person. (B) And so it is my mom's unusual interest that has
made me such
(1) My mother likes to speculate about the infinnities (C) Because of my mom's unusual interest, I have
of the great personages of the past. (2) I remember well her become
analysis of schi zophrenia in the Dutch painter. Vincent (D) As you can see. having my mom's unusual
Van Gogh. and psychological conditions of (){her famous interest makes me
people. (3) Since I was a young child, I have been fascinated (E) Nalurally. this unusual interest of my mom's
by them. (4) She often engages in these musings during sit- should have made me
down meals with everyone in the famil y present to offer
contrasting views. (5) Mom' s interest in historical aspects 33. In context, which is the beSt way to deal with
of psychology is exciting-mo re exciting, even. than any of sentence 9 ?
the programs offered by network television. (6) She says (A) Insert "However," at the beginning of the
that poor programming on the part of the networks is one sentence.
of the reasons she has felt the need to direct our young minds (8 ) Insert "For example." at the beginning of the
10 other. more engaging avenues. (7) Imagine thai her sentence.
speculation is nOI only an expression of parental concern (C) Insert "her name is Ms. Lumberburd" after
for a child's welfare bUI also an outlet for her creative "teacher".
mind. (8) Mom has this unusual interest, it has made me an (D) Change "imo" to '"on".
authority among my peers. (9) Last week, my American (E) Change "launched'" 10 "launches".
literature teacher launched into a discussion of the writings
of Edgar Allan Poe. (10) Before the discussion was over I
was asked to give the class a glimpse of the personal life of
Poe.
30. In context, what is the best way to deal with

sentence 3 ?
(A) Leave it as il is.
(B) Place it after sentence 7.
(C) Insert "On the contrary" at the beginning of
the sentence.
(D) Change "them" to "her theories".
(E) Use "and" at the end of sentence 3 to link it
with sentence 4.
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4~D D D Unauthorized copying Of reuse 01

any part 01 t/'oo$ !laII' is illegal.
D D
34. Which of the following sentences would be best to add 35. Where is the most logical place to begin a new
after sentence IO? paragraph?
(A) I confidently related what my mOlhcr had taught (A) After sentence 3
me about him. (B) After sentence 5
(8 ) And in facl, you can bel thaI really made my day. (C) After sentence 6
(C) Indeed. my mother had always encouraged me 10 (D) Afler sentence 7
do my best on such occasions. (E) After sentence 10
(D) I outlined everything I knew about Poe.
(E) Famous for his tales of terror. Poe has captivated
readers for 150 years.
STOP
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any PiOr1 oIlIW ~ ilillegal.
~10
SECTION 10
Time - 10 minutes
14 Q uestions
circle on the answer sheel.
2. Serving as either business tools o[ recreational devices.

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness computeD. they are jncreasingly I22pular.
of expression. Pan of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined: beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) computers. they are increasingly popular
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeals the (B) their popularity has increased
original phrasing: the other four choices arc diffe rent. If (e) they have become more poPUI3[
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) computers are increasingly popular
than any of the alternatives, select choice A: if not. select (E) computers. they are popular
onc of the other choices.
3. One often coming upon passages in [ellers often that
~ memorable for their thought or their fonn. or both.
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar,
choice of words. sentence construction. and punctuation. CA) One often coming upon passages in lellers often
Your selection shou ld result in the most effective tha t are
sentence-clear and precise. without awkwardness or (B) One often comes upon paSS3ges in leiters
ambiguity. that are
(C) One often comes upon a passage in letters that
EXAMPLE: you find
(D) Often one comes upon a passage in leiters: it is
(E) Often one comes upon a passage in leiters in
and she was sixty-fiye years old then.
which it is
CA) and she was sixty-five years old then
(B) when she was sixty-five 4. Finding political support. designing a campaign. and.
(e) at age sixty. five years old above al l. tbe securing of financia l backing are the
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years challenging tasks faced by candidates.
CA) the securing of fi nancial backing are
0 e ®® ® (B) the security of financia l backing arc
(C) to secure financial backing is
I. At the beginning of George Eliot's novel Silas Marlier. (D) securing financ ial backing is
a linen weaver has been driven by a false charge of
theft away from his home and taking refuge in the
• (E) securing financial backing are
village of Raveloe. 5. Although only two inches long. the shrew is a mammal
and therefore a relative of elephants and giraffes.
(A) taki ng refuge in the viHage of Raveloe
(B) has taken refuge in the village of Raveloe (A) Although only
(C) the village of Raveloe (8) Whereas only
(D) being in the village of Raveloe (C) Despite a size
(E) Raveloe. a village that is his refuge (0) While its size is
(E) Since il is
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862
57
10 (£) (£) 10
6. Many prospective actors in the area auditioned for 9. During the 1980's. the income gap between
roles in the movie. and only a few were selected. the richest and the poorest Americans widened
significantly. while continuin~)O expand in the 1990's.
(A) Many prospective actors in the area auditioned for
roles in the movie, and only a few were selected. (A) significantly. whi le continuing to expand
( B) Many prospective actors, baving auditioned for (B) significantly, and it continued to expand
roles in the movie. only a few in the area were (C) significantly with continuing expansion
selected. (D) significantly. it continued expanding
(C) Many prospecti"c actors in the area auditioned for (E) significantly, continuing expanding
roles in the movie. but only a few were selected.
( 0) Only a few were selected. many prospecti ve 10. The Basque language. possibly one of Europe's oldest.
actors in the area baving auditioned for roles in whose origins are hOlly debated.
the movie.
(E) After many prospective actors in tbe area (A) The Basque language, IXlssibly one of Europe's
auditioned for role in the movie, only a few o ldest, whose origins are hotl y debated,
being selected. (B) T he Basque language, possibly one of Europe's
o ldest, its origins are hotly debated.
(C) Possibly one of Europe's oldest languages. the
7. The author. taking the reade r 00 a chronological
origins of Basque are hotly debated.
journey through ber native land. skillfully combining
(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one
history and legend with fragments of fiction.
of Europe' s oldest, are hotly debated.
(A) The author. taking the reader on a chronological (E) Basque is hotly debated as a language whose
journey through her native land. skillfully origins are possibly Europe's oldest.
( B) The reader is taken on a chronological journey
through the author'S native land by skillfully II, Because the workers approached their jobs with very
(C) The reader is taken on a chronological journey little interest and almost no energy. their productivity
through her native land by the author who is was. not surprisingly. very low.
skillfull y
(D) The author. who takes the reader on a chrono· (A) their productivity was, not surprisingly, very low
logical journey through her native land. (B) this lowered. not surprisingly. their productivity
skillfully (C) not to anyone's surprise their productivity was
(E) The author takes the reader on a chronological very low
journey through her native land, skillfully (D) their very low productivity was not to anyone's
surprise
(E) their productivity, being very low, was not
8. The practice of renaming a street Manin Luther King
surprising
Boulevard has been adopted Ihroueh many cjties in
honorine the civil rights leader.
12. Many changes occurred while she was president of the
(A) through many cities in honoring college. and they increased its educational Quality as
(8) through many c ities to honor well as effectiveness.
(C) in many cities; it was to honor
(D) by many cities to honor (A) college, and they increased its educational quality
(E) by many cities in honoring as well as effectiveness
(B) college, they both increased the educational
quality and effectiveness of the college
(C) college. which both increased its educational
quality as well as increased its effectiveness
(D) college; these changes increased its educational
quality and effectiveness
(E) college; these changes increased both the
educational quality and effectiveness of the
college
863
58
10® ®10
13. Althouih the elobaJ food crisis is most obvious in 14. High school graduates usually do not end up eaming as
the tropics. the temperate 'lones may have a similar much income as college graduates dQ. Ibis being why
problem soon. so many bigh school sludcDlS go on to pursue college
degrees.
(A) Although the global food crisis is most obvious
in the tropics, Ihe (A) do, this being why so many high school students
(8) The global food crisis being mosl obvious (B) do, this is why so many high school students
in the tropics. the (C) do: this fact explains why so many high school
(C) Notwithstanding the fact that the g lobal food students
crisis is most obvious in the tropics. never- (0) do; this fact explaining the reason for why so
theless me many high school students
(0) Although the global food crisis had been most (E) do. explaining why so many high school students
obvious in the tropics. the
(E) Even if the global food crisis was most obvious
in the tTopics. nevertheless the
STOP
864
59

C IU [I('AI HI A[)[~G
S~c tio n
2 S;Wio!l ~ Section 8
M ulliple · Chok~ Que,tion , Mult iple ·Choke Question s Multiple· Cholce Quut Ions
Correct Di fficulty
, ,
Answer ,~ ,
,
Co.reel Difficu lt y
Answu ....., ,
Co ••t el Difficulty
,
Answn Lenl
Co • ...,et Difficulty
,
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, , ,, An . ...... ....., ,
Correct Difficulty Correct Diffic .. lty
Ans ......
, "'''
, ,
I
0
M ""0 M
, M
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,,
0
M
M "" , 0 M
,
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,,
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"" ,,
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C II M M C M II M
•, 0, M
M """ 0
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10
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II
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Numbrrcorr«t Numhtr <orr«1 Numb<.-corr«t
NumhtT incorr«t Numb .. incorr«t Numh<r incorrr<t
~lAfll1 ~I'\ II «S
X clion ) ~tion7 Xd l 2n9

M.. ltip ..... Choice SI..den t·Produccw MuJlipl~·Chok~ Qunlions M .. lliple-Choin Questions
Q .. « tion5 Rnponse Qunt ions
C<>=, Difficulty
, "'"'"
c,~ C<>~ Diffic .. lty c,~ Diffic.. lly Co.rKl Difficulty
Difficulty
,, ......
""""'"
,, ,, , ,, • •,
• ,,. , Answ","
An . ...... I.e'-e! An' ...... ,~,
AnsWtt I.e.... l An, ....,. Lc,..,1 An.we. Le,'d
, ,, , ,," •
0 M M
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1.11
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0 M M
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" ,..t~jr· M C
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" II
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,,
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"
Numbft <o<r«' Numhtrcorr«t Numb<.- co",'cl Numh<rcorr«t
(9-tS)
Numhtr lncorr«t Numbo:r incorrect Numb<.-incorr«t
WIU II ~(,
Sect ion I Sect ion" Section 10

f.sS.y M.. ltiple-Choln Questions Mult i ple·Chok~ Q .. ntions
CO.1U1 Difficulty Corr«t Difficulty Diffic .. lty Lc,·.l
Co. rect An.we.
, Anowe. Level
,, An.wu
0
I.evel
, , , ,,,
"""
II
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,, ,, C
,
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,,,
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,• ,, "" M
,• •,
,, ,,
&ooy $cOK" (0.6) M C M
•, , "" M
M ,• C
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•• ,• M "" 0
•,
M
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•• ,
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•, M II II M
""
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Numhtr correct Numbrrcorr<c,
"umh<r inco"...:' Numbo:r inco""':1
NOTE: Difficulty levels arc E (cuy), M (medium), and H (hard) .
• To score your essay, use the SAT Koring guide in Chapt~r 9 and the free sampl~ 1"Ssay$ aV3i1abl~ on 1in~ at www.collegelxnrd.comfsatonlinC"Course.
On this practic~ t~~t, your essay KOTe should range (rom 0 10 6. (Keep in mind that on the actual SAT, your ~§~ay will be read by two r~ad~rs and
you will receive a score of 0 to 12 on your score report.)
866
60
3(4) 3 3
Unauthorized ~ Of rtIUS8 01
-'Y part 01 ...... ~ G~.
3 3
SECTION 3
Time - 2S minutes
35 Questions
Turn to Section 3 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions In this section.
2. The legiSlators agreed to relUrn 10 their districts and

The following sentences lest correctness and effectiveness they would hold a series of town meetings on the
of expression. Part of each sentence or thc entire sentence recentl y passed tax bills.
phrasing the underl ined material. Choice A repealS Ihc (A) to return to their districts and they would hold
Original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) to return \0 their dist ricts to hold
you think the original phrasing produces a beneT sentence (C) to returning to their districts. thereby holding
than any of the alternatives. select choice A: if nO!, select ( D) with returning to their districts for holding of
one of the other choices. (E) on the return to their districts to the holding
In making your selection, follow Ihe requirements of
3. Legend has it that medieval Chinese warriors ~
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar,
manned kiles to survey enemy troops amjcjpaljna
choice of words, sentence construction. and punctuation.
modern aerial surveillance.
sentence-·dear and precise, without awkwardness or (A) using manned kites to survey enemy troops
ambiguity. anticipating
(8) using manned kites to survey enemy troops and
EXAMPLE: anticipate
(C) using manned kites and surveying enemy troops,
they anticipated
(D) used manned kites IQ survey enemy troops, a
(A) and she was siXly-five years old then techn ique anticipating
(B) when she was sixty-five (E) used manned kites surveying enemy troops, so
(C) at age sixty-five years old anticipating techniques of
(D) u~n the reaching of sixty-five years
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five 4. For months, one of the most ~pular breakfast foods
0 . @00 were sel!jna for so lillie that people thought somethjng
.ffili wrong.
I. While working as a nurse in the streets of Ca1cutta,1b..al (A) were selling for so little that people thought
was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love something was
for the poor. (B) was selling for so little that people thought
(A) that was when Mother Teresa developed a something were
profound love for the poor (C) were selling for so little; so people thought
(B) Mother Teresa developed a profound love for something has gone
the poor (D) was selling for so liltle that people thought
(C) then the development of Mother Teresa's pro- something was
(E) was selling for very little: so people thought
found love for the poor took place
(0) Mother Teresa' s profound lo,·e for the poor of it as
developed
(E) a profound love for the poor developed in Mother
Teresa
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892
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3 3 3
Unaulhoriled eopying Of _
any part 01 ~ page iII~.
01
3 3
5. The programmers always talked of having \00 much 10 9. Because economic hardshjp is the real source of !DailY
do, but in truth they bad a leSser amQunt of work tQ do OIher oroblems is the reason why the revolutionary
1h.iJ.n their colleagues. government attacked inflation first.
(A) they had a lesser amount of work to do than (A) Because economic hardship is the rcal source of
(B) their work was the least among many other problems is the reason why
(C) they were baving less work to do than ( B) Because economic hardship is the real source of
(D) the amount of work they had 10 do was the least of many other problems.
(E) they had less work to do than (C) Economic hardship causes many other problems
and is the reason for why
6. Film audiences in the 1950's saw more musicals lllim (0) As a result of economic hardship causing many
the 1960'sand 1970·s. other problems.
(E) The fact that economic hardship is the real source
(A) than of many other problems is why
(8 ) than did
(e) than the films of
10. In Germany, foresters discovered Ihaltrees killed by
(D) than with the audiences in
acid rain had begun to die four years earlier. eyen
(E) than did audiences in
thou~h the Irees had shown no sj~ns o f disease Ihen.
7. Unlike American archj!ecls wbo preceded him. Frank (A) earlier, even though the trees had shown no signs
Lloyd Wriah! did nOl draw on classical or European of disease then
architecture for inspiration. (B) earlier, bul not showing any signs of d isease then
(C) earlier, no outward signs of disease had been
(A) Unlike American architects who preceded him,
shown then in the trees. however
Frank Lloyd Wright (0) earlier without any signs of disease shown then
(B) Unlike the inspiration of American architects who (E) earlier, not then having shown any signs of
preceded him, Frank Lloyd Wright disease. however
(C) Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture, unlike
American architects who preceded him,
II. In the wild, pygmy chimpanzees are found only in an
(0) Different from the American architecls who
inaccessible region south of the Zaire River, since such
preceded him. Frank Lloyd Wright's designs
is Ihe case. very few ace in captjvity.
(E) Frank Lloyd Wright's inspirations, different from
American architects who preceded him, (A) since such is thc case, very few are in captivity
(B) and very few are in captivity because oflha!
8. The revolt against Victorianism was perhaps even more (C) no more than a few are in captivity as a result
marked in poetry than either fiClion or drama, (D) the number in captivity is very few for this TCason
(E) and so no more than a few are in captivity
(A) either ficlion or drama
(8) either fiction or in drama
(C) either in fiction or drama
(0) in either fiction or drama
(E) in either fiction or in drama
893
62
3 3 3 3 3 3
The fo llowing sentences test your ability to recognize 14. During the night. there is usually two German
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains morc
than one error. The error. if there is one, is underlined shepherds at the warehouse to guard against robbery
and lettered. If the sentence contai ns an error. select the C
one underlined part that must be changed to make the aHempts. No error
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard o E
written English.
15. Candy manufaclUrers applauded the discovery by
EXAMPLE:
A
The other delegates and him immediately researchers that students which smell chocolate while
ABC B
accepted the resolution drafted by the studyi ng and again while taking a test are able to
o C o
neutral stales. No error
recall more material than students not exposed to the
E
odor of chocolate. No error
E
12. Although born in the Midwest. Langston Hughes lived
16. One can hardly determine which contributes more
most of his adult life in Harlem, in New York City, A B C o

to the success of a viol inist-innate skill or regular
where. like other writers in the 1930's, he had wrote

practice. No error
A B C
some of his finest works. No error E
o E
17. The Red Cross workers had not expected the
13. In constant demand as a speaker. Ms. Chemock

A
refugees from the flooded plain to be as desperate
has never been more busier than she is now. A B

and as undernourished as those whom they had seen
B C o
No error C o
earlier in the week. No error
E
E
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894
63
IS\
3 \W 3 3 3 3 3
18. Although naturalists have identified six hundred 22. The tribal CQuncir s program familiarized young people
A
different fomls of the corion snail. there ~ actually with Cherokee history, taught them tribal traditions,
B A B
no more than twO true species within this genus. and they had the opportunity to learn skills used by
c D c D
No error ancient artiSis. No error
E E
19. The department of transportation bas introduced 23. Observation of diverse animal species show that the
A A
pictorial traffic signs because drivers can react to Ihis most successful in the struggle for survival are
B B
more quickly than (0 verbal ones. No error those which are most adaptable to changes in their
c D E c D
world. No error
20. She claimed that the "representational" actor E
is having to imitate a character's behavior. whereas 24. Far away from having been a diehard conservative.
A B A
the "presentational" actor attempts 10 reveal human Hoover was, some scholars now contend. the leading
C B c
behavior through self-understanding. No eITor progressive of his day. No error
D E D E
2 1. Many nations, and the United Nations itself. 25. For the past hundred years or more. Yellowstone
A A
has issued stamps that commemorate the fiftieth National Park was a kind of soc iological laboratory
B c B
anniversary of the signing of the UN charter. in which North Americans have been exploring
D C
No error the meaning of the national-park concept. No error
E D E
895
64
3C1) 3 3
Unauthorized COpying or ,euse of
any pari 01 this P<lge is ilklgal.
3 3 ~3
26. Alerted by the nervousness and evasiveness of the Directions: The fo llowing passage is an early draft of an
essay. Some parts of the passage need 10 be rewritten.
A
witness, the jurors were quick to perceive that his Read Ihe passage and select the best answers for the
questions that follow. Some questions are about panicular
B sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve
statements were inconsistent to those he had made sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
C D to consider organization and development. In choosing
earlier. No error EngliSh.
E
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.
27. In many respects Anna Karenina and Emma Sovary
A (1) Many people have never heard of lou Henry
afC very simi lar characters, but Bovary has
Hoover. (2) Of allihe wives of United States Presidents
since 1900, she is probably the most forgotten. (3) She
B C attended Stanford University, where she met and married
the most spirit and determination. No error another student - a mining engineer named Herbert
E Hoover-and became one of the first American women to
D
earn a degree in geology. (4) Together they began a life of
travel, adventure, and accomplishment.
28. Between Ihe sales manager and I existed an easy, (5) The Hoovers served on a relief missiory in Beijing,
A B C China, during the Boxer Uprising of 1900. (6) lou Hoover
cooperative working relationship; neither of us held bandages in one hand, a gun in the other. (7) From
1902 to 191 6. the Hoovers circled the world five times.
D (8) In the process Lou Hoover designed for her two young
hesitated to discuss problems. No error sons a ponable crib. (9) It would remain stable during the
E rocking of a Ship. (10) She also learned scverallanguages
and published scholarly works on such topics as the gold-
mining teChniques of the Egyptians.
29. As the archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas.it Becket
(11) lou Hoover being a versatile person, as com-
A fonable in an outdoor camp as she was in a Victorian
assumed an independence that was intolerable ~ the drawi ng room. (12) She triumphed over the limits of her
position and the times in which she lived. (13) A leader of
B C the Girl Scout movement. she firmly believed that girls
king, who had long been his friend. No error should be encouraged to pursue their interests. (14) In 1929
D E she became the first person to break the racial barrier at the
White House. (IS) She entertained Jessie DePriest. wife of
Oscar DePriest. the African American Congressman from
Chicago.
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3(S) 3 3 3 CS)3
30. Which is the best version of the underlined portion of 33. In context. which is the best way to deal wi th sentence
sentence 3 (reproduced below) ? II?
She llllfl!ded Seal/ford Unjversity. where she met and (A) Change "being" to "was".
married aI/other s1Uden1~a mining ellgineer named (B) Insert "Fi nall y" at the beginning.
Herben HOMer-and became one 0/ Ihe first (C) '0
Change "she'" "Lou Hoover".
American women /0 earn a degree ill geology. (0 ) Delete "she was".
(E) Change "was" to "had been".
CA) (As it is now)
(B) Attending Stanford University. where she
(C) At Stanford University, where she 34, Which of the following is the best version of the
(D) Having attended Stanford Uni versity, she underlined portion of sentences 14 and 15 (reproduced
(E) She atlended Stanford University. she below) ?
II! 1929 she became the tim aerson 10 break the racial
31. Which of the following is the best version of OOrder at the White HOI/re. She entertained Jessie
the underlined portion of sentences 8 and 9 DePries/, .....ife of Oscar DePriest, the African
(reproduced below) ? American Congressman from Chicago.
In the process W/I Hoover designed for her two young (A) In 1929 she became the first person to break the
sons a portable crib. It would remail! swble during rIll! racial barrier at the White House, and she
rocking of a ship. entertained
(B) In addition, in 1929 she became the first person to
CA) crib so thai it would remain stable
break the racial barrier at the White House when
(8) crib. and it would remain stable
she entertained
ee) crib that nevertheless remained stable (C) So in 1929 she becomes the first person to break
(0) crib that would remain stable
the racial barrier at Ihe White House by
(E) crib. It was designed to remain stable
entertaining
(0) Consequently, the racial barrier at the White
32. Which of the following ways to rev ise the underlined House was first broken in 1929 by Hoover's
portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below) most entertaining
effectively links the sentence to the rest of the second (E) By being the first person to break the racial barrier
paragraph? at the White House in 1929, Hoover entertained
She aIm learned severallallguages mId puhiishell
scholarly works on such lOpics as the goldmilling 35. Which sentence is best to add after sentence 15?
techniques of the Egyptialls.
(A) Lou Henry Hoover was an exceptionally gracious
(A) Because as a child she had learned and pol ished first lady.
(B) Since her time in China she was also learning (B) Lou Henry Hoover was an acco mpliShed woman
(C) By this time she had also been learning who was truly ahead of her time.
(0) And in the midst of all this activity, she learned (C) Lou Henry Hoover's personal papers have only
(E) Nevert heless, by now she had a lso learned recently been made avai lable to the public.
(0) Obviously, not a great deal is known about the
early life of this extraordinary woman.
(E) Only historians now know that she was born in
Waterloo, Iowa, in 1874.
STOP
If you firtish before time Is called, you may check your work on this section only,
897
66
10~ UnauttM:wizoo copying or fetl5e or

ally part o! thi$ PQ{lt i$ illegal.
SECTION 10
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
circle on the answe r sheet.
2. In her letter, Ms. Kopel stated that she had proof that
thc treasurer had stolen some of the money,
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) stated that she had
phrasing the underli ned material. Choice A repeats the (B) stated about having
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) made a statement of having
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (O) gave a statement that she had
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not. select (E) had a statement there about having
o ne of the other choices.
In making your selection, follow the requirements of 3. As economic conditions improve, the officers of the
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar. company maintaining that it will be able tQ improve
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. ~ increasing exports to other countries.
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) maintaining that it will be able to improve sales by
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or (B) maintaining that it, able by improving sales and
am biguity. (C) maintain that it will improve sales and
(0) maintain that it will be able to improve sales by
EXAMPLE: (E) maintains that improving sales by
and she was sixty-five years old then. 4, For the most Dan. in the actions of how an animal
behaves, instinct is the main determinant
(A) and she was sixty·five years old then
( B) when she was sixty-five (A) For the most pan, in the actions of how an animal
(C) at age sixty-fi ve years old behaves. instinct is the main detenninant.
(0 ) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (B) Generally. an animal's behavior and actions are
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five mostly instinctual ones.
0 . @l@0 (C) An animal's actions, as 10 behavior, are by and
large instinctively determined.
(0) An animal's actions are largely detennined by
1. Solar energy, for which there are many potential uses,
instinct.
can be beneficial so that it will produce energy without (E) Animals mainly have their instinct as a
generating pollution. determinant for behavior.
(A) beneficial so that it
(B) beneficial because it S. Today more and more women are becoming doctors.
(C) beneficial, although it lawyers, engineers, chemists, or other professions.
(O) beneficial in order that it (A) or other professions
(E) beneficial because they (B) or they work in other professions
(C) or at work in other professional fields
(0) or professionals in other fields
(E) or in other professional fields
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10 CS) Unauthorized cop,ting or reuse oj

any part 01 this page I. illegal.
6. Beginning photographers may choose from among 10. Brought to the United States at the age of thirteen to
several camera types, there is ooe whjch is best for receive a Western education, his fi rs! book discusses
their particular interests. Lee Van Phou's chi ldhood in China.
(A) there is one which is (A) his firs! book discusses Lee Van Phou's childhood
(8) of which there is one in Chi na
(C) one of which is (B) Lee Van Phou's childhood in China is the subject
(D) and onc is of his first book
(E) onc is (C) the subject of his first book is Lee Van Phou's
childhood in China
7. In the belief that crossword puzzles stimulated her (D) Lee Van Phou discusses his childhood in China in
mind, Dolores will spend hou rs on them every week. his first book
(E) Lee Van Phou. whose childhood was in China.
(A) Dolores will spend hours on them every week discusses this in his fi rst book
(B) Dolores would spend hours on them every week
(C) hours of every week are spent on them by Dolores J 1. Mayor Julia Wilson 's daughter told us that she had
(D) they occupied hours of every week for Dolores decided not to run for reelection, even though there is
(E) every week will find Dolores spending hours on still much to do to improve the downtown district.
them
(A) she had decided not to run for reelection
8. Enzymes are amQD~ the oldest known chemjcal ( B) the decision was that her mother would not run to
compounds. as they aclUally are ooolivine protein be reelec ted
molecules. (C) her mother had decided not to run for reelection
(D) she decided that she will not run to be reelected
(A) Enzymes are among the oldest known chemical (E) it was decided about her not running for reelection
compounds, as they actually are nonliving
protein molecules.
12. Although the superintendent has begun {Q increase the
(B) Among the oldest known chemical compounds,
majmcnancc staff in the schools, she is still being
the nonliving protein molecules are actually
deluged with calls of complain!.
called enzymes.
(C) Enzymes, among the oldest known chemical (A) Altho ugh the superi ntendent has begun to increase
compounds, actually are nonliving protein Ihe maintenance staff in the schools
molecules. (B) Although beginning to increase, as
( D) Enzymes actually are nonliving protein mole- superintendent, the maintenance staff in the
cules, being among the oldest known chemical schools
compounds. (C) The superintendent, beginning to increase the
(E) Actually, enzymes being nonl iving protein maintenance staff in the schools
molecules, they are among the oldest known (D) The superimendent has begun to increase the
chemical compounds. maintenance staff in thc schools, and
(E) The superintendent, beginning 10 increase the
9, When someone shops by mail or through the Internet. maintenance staff in Ihe schools, however
you will be following a tradition begun by the
American colonists, who purchased almost everything
from Europe.
(A) you will be following
(B) it is fo llowing
(C) you will follow
(D) he or she follows
(E) it follows
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68
10~ ~10
13. When we read, we first form innumerable impressions 14. The eerie sones of humpback whales. often lower in
and then those impressions are eyaluated as we read on. pitch and lonetT than birds. are intriguing to scientists
partly because whales bave no functional vocal cords.
(A) impressions and then those impressions are
evaluated (A) The eerie songs of humpback whllies. often lower
(8) impressions and then evaluate those impressions in pitch and longer than birds.
(C) impressions. evaluating those impressions then (B) The eerie songs of humpback whales, which are
(D) impressions, then we evaluate those impressions often lower in pilch and last longer than birds,
(E) impressions. we evaluate those impressions then (C) Humpback whales' eerie songs. often pitched
lower and longer than that of birds.
(D) The eerie songs of humpback whales. often lower
in pitch and lasting longer than those of birds.
(E) Often being lower in pitch and lasting longer than
birds. the eerie songs of humpback whales
STOP
If you finish before time is called , you may check your work on t his section only.
00 not turn to any other section in the test.
926
69
(Rill( \1 RI \111,\(,
Sc:(lipn 4 Sution 6 ~"Ion 9
Mullip]~_Choiu Quu t ions Multipl~-C hoicc QUeJtionJ Multiple _Choke Questions
Corl"Kt Difficulty Corr"1 Dlfficuh y C....." I Difficulty Corr"! Dlfficully Corl"Kt Difficult y CO'I"KI Difficult y
,,,
A ns~.
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,• M " • " M H
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Numberc()rrKI Num~rc()rr""l NumbtrcorrKI
Numbtr IncO.,,,,,1 Numbtr I"",.,KI Number Incorr,,!
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S~clion 2 Section S Sution 8
MuJtlple·C hol~ Slliden t; PrO<!lI(cd
Multiple-Choke Quellions Multiple-Chol<e Questions
QUeJlionl RC$ponu Questionl
C~ , Diffi cul ty C()tr«1 Difficulty c.~, Difficulty Corl"fCl Difficulty Corrtel Difficulty CO~ Difficulty
,, ,,'"
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Numbt.eolr«1 NumborcorrKI Kum!><. corr",,1 Numbcreo.r«1
(9-1')
Num!><.i!>C()rr"", Numbt. ;ncorr«1 Numbt.lncorrecl
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Enay 5«tion 3
Multiple-Choice QUestions Multlple-Cholee QUestions
COfTcct Difficulty Co ...." Difficulty Corl"Kl An.we. Difficultr un!
Answer
,,
L....tl Answe. Level
,• ,, ,,
,, •• ,•
M
,, '"" M
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Numbt. inc()r1"«' Numbt.lnco'1"«1
NOTE: Difficulty level. are E (~a$y). M (medium). and H (hard) .
. To score you r ~ssay. USe the SAT scoring guide in Chapter 9 and the free sample eS$ays available online at www.collegeboard.com/satonlin<xourse.
On this practice test. your ~S$ay score should range from 0 to 6. (Kfi'p in mind that on the actual SAT. your essay win be read by two readers and
you will receive a score orO to 12 on your score report.)
928
70
3~ 3 3 U""".''''''-''~ - - 3
1lIIY pari oIlhos ~ 1.1IegaI.
3 3
SECTION 3
Time - 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. The problem of water oollu!ion. freguen!!y

compounded in certain areas because the treatment
and release of industrial wastes are nOI adequately
is underlined: beneath each sentence are five ways of regulated.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) pollulion. frequently compounded in certain
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence areas because
than :my orlhe alternatives. select choice A; if no!, select (8) pollution. frequently compounded in certain
one of the other choices. areas and
(C) pollution. frequently compounded in certain
In making your selection. follow the requirements of areas when
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar.
(D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain
areas where
Your selection should result in the most effective (E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or areas and
ambiguity.
3. H avin~ been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen
EXAMPLE:
purposely avoided gossips.
and she was sixty-five years old then. CA) Having been a victim of malicious rumors.
(8) Her being a victim of malicious rumors.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors,
(8) when she was sixty-five (D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors.
(C) al age sixty-five years old (E) Because having been a victim of malicious
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years rumors,
(E) a{the time when she was Sixty-five
0 . 000 4. In many states, they have laws 10 allow students to yote
wherever they choose. either al their homes or at their
I. Although several groups strongly opposed Ihe new college residences.
hiring pol icies of the city council. other groups.bri.ru:. CA) they have laws to allow students 10 vote wherever
enthusiaslic in their suppoo of the new rules. (8) they have laws allowing students 10 vote where
(A) being enthusiastic in their support of (C) their laws allowing students to vote wherever
(8) were enthusiastic and supportive of (D) the laws allow students to vote wherever
(e) enthusiastically supported (E) the laws allow students to vote in the place where
(D) enthusiastically supporting
(E) are enthusiastically supportive of
954
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Unaolhori.led ~ Of reuse 01
any pall oIlhis page is ille9al.
3 3 3
5. While driving down the road, the house with the large 9. Some doctors believe that the types of injuries
yard and small pond attracted the family's attentiQn. sustained in contact sports are no different for children
than young adults.
(A) the house with the large yard and small pond
attracted the family's attention (A) are no different for children than young adults
(8) the house having the large yard and a small pond (B) is no different for children than being young
attracted the attention of the family adults
(C) the house with the yard and small pond was (C) arc no different for children than for young adults
attractive to the family's attention (D) are no different for children than for those who
(D) the family's attention was attracted by the house are young adults
with Ihe large yard and small pond (E) are no different from those for children than
(E) the family was attracted 10 the house with the young adults
large yard and small pond
10. The reason for the continued popularity of country-
6. The chestnut. like the oak, is called an immortal .lI«. western performers is that jt draws on experiences with
the reason is that the trunk and roots remain alive even which almost everyone can identify.
after the tree has been felled.
(A) that it draws on
(A) tree. the reason is that the trunk and roots remain (B) that their music draws on
(8) tree, which has a trunk and rools that are (C) because the music draws on
remaining (D) because of them drawing from
(C) tree, the trunk of which and the roots remain (E) they will draw from
(D) tree because its trunk and roots remain
(E) tree, whose trunk and roots are remaining II. Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when 1
went away to college that I realized how delighlfullife
7. Both Dr, Henderson and Dr, Ball being widely known in a small town could be.
for having authored numerous articles in their field.
(A) it was only when I went away to college that I
(A) Both Dr. Henderson and Dr. Ball being widely realized how delightful life in a small town
known for having authored numerous articles could be
in their field. (B) when I went away \0 college I then realized how
(B) Both Dr. Henderson and Dr. Ball are widely delightful life in a small town could be
known for having authored numerous articles (C) going away to college made me realize how
in their field. dclightfullife in a small town could be
(C) Widely known for having authored numerous (D) I did not realize how delightful life in a small
articles in their field being both Dr. Henderson town could be until I weill away 10 college
and Dr. Ball. (E) delightful life in a small town was unrealized by
(D) Having the numerous authored articles in their me until J went away 10 college
field widely known are Dr. Henderson and
Dr. Ball.
(E) Having authored man y widely known articles
in their field being Henderson and Ball.
8. Scientists are seeking better ways to oredicI damage

from earthquakes. and they are using supersensitive
recorders to study how rock breaks and moves in an
earthquake.
(A) Scientists are seeking better ways to predict
damage from earthquakes, and they
(8) Scientists who seek better ways to predict damage
from earthquakes. they
(C) Scientists seeking better ways to predict damage
from earthquakes
(D) Seeking better ways for the prediction of damage
from earthquakes. scientists who
(E) Seeking to better predict damage from
earthquakes is why scientists
I GO ONTOT"E NEXT PAGE;
955
72
3 3 3
UnauthoriHlCl copyw1g or reu .. or
il"Y pa1\ 01 U. DIIg8 if, ilegel.
3 3 3
The following sentences lest you r ability to recognize 14. Introducing new ideas and replacing old ones ~
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contai ns either A B e
a single error or nO error at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined always a highly controversial matter. especially when
and lcncred. If the sentence contains an error, select Ihe o
one underlined pan that must be changed to make the
there is already tension between an older and a younger
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct. select choice E.
written English. generation. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately IS. It was fonunate that the inexperienced veterinarian
ABe A
accepted the resolu tion drafted by Ihe was able to examine the injured horse calm and with
o B e o
neutral slates. No error
confidence. No error
E
E
16. Although the details of the contract has not yct been
12. At Ihe hean of thc program. enthus iastically endorsed A
A announced, it is likely that union negotiators accepted
by the city's business association. !! plans for B
B the proposed training program for newly hired
refurbishing neighborhoods and for making low- e o
e workers. No error
interest mongages available to young fam ilies. E
o
17. Just when those who were watching from the sidelines
No error
A
E
feared the worst , the athletes themselves are the
13. T he illustrated books by Dr. Seuss have managed B e o
A most confident. No error
keeping youngSters and adults alike entenained for E
B eD
18, Though the statistics o n their experiment were
several decades. No error
E
A B e
oeither precise ~ significant, the biochemists still
o
published them. No error
E
956
73
3 3 3
Urnwthorized copying 01 feuse 01
any part 01 ~ page is Inegal.
3 3 3
19. George Thornton Emmons ~ of a handful of 25. Listening ~ the first song ils lead singer ever wrote,
A A
ethnographers who commiHed their life to studying the band members did not foresee that this young man
B C o B
the Tlingit culture of the Northwest Coast. No error would be resfX?nsible for bringing them
E C
to the attention of the world. No error
20. Before he sprained his back, Morgan spends o E
A
much of his leisure time engaged in outdoor sports. 26. The office manager and her coworker, Ms. Andrews.
B C
particularly hiking and canoeing. No error received equal pay from the company until she
o E A B C
got a raise for helping to increase productivity.
21. In a world that the rate of technological and social o
A No error
change accelerates frighteningly , change itself often E
B C
seems to be the only constant. No error 27. Attaining speeds of up to 60 mites per hour. cheetahs
E A B
are perhaps the fastest of land animals. No error
22. Ms. Tanaka asked Juan and I whether we C 0 E
A B
would consider joining our school's quiz bowl 28. Whether or not they were successful as a candidate,
C 0 A
team. No error women such as Geraldine Ferraro and Pat Schroeder
E
have opened the door ~ the election of a woman as
23. Somethi ng of a phenomenon !.!! the entertainment B C o
A B President. No error
world, political satirists are admired by conservatives E
C
and radicals alike. No error 29. The often conflicting repo rts of differen t polling
o E A
organizations make it difficult to predict which of the
24. In the past.lhe small nation had been committed to B
A two candidates is more likely to win the election next
self-managed socialism, a system unde r which the C o
B year. No error
workers, rather than the state. owns most enterprises. E
C o
No error
E
957
74
3 3 3
l.Ina\rII'oorQed eopyong or _
any pari of Ihos ptIgIt .. ~_
of
3 3 3
31 . What is the best way to rev ise the underlined ]Xlnion of
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an sentences 5 and 6 (reproduced below) ?
Whm Otis managel/lo (10 in 1854 II"llS to demonstrale
Read the passage and select the best answers for Ihe e1evlllor with a built·in safety del'ice. So thlll the
(III
questions that follow. Some questions are abou t particular elevawr would not olu,,~e to the bottom if the rope
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve used 10 raise and lower it broke.
sentence slruclUre or word choice. Other questions ask you
to consider organization and development. In c hoosing (A) device, by which the elevator would not plunge
answers. follow the requirements of standard written ( B) device. and the elevator would not plunge
English. (C) device because an e levalOr plunges
( D) device to prevent the e levator from plunging
(E) device. it prevented elevators from plung ing
Q uestions 30-35 are based on the fo llowing passage.
32. Which of the followi ng is the beSt version of
( I) Elisha Graves Otis did not invent the elevator. sentence 7 (reproduced below) ?
even though his name is most closely associated with it.
(2) Elevating mechanisms, usually ropes and pulleys. had What was lIoteworthy about this was Ihm it was thell
been used throughout history. (3) Otis is also not credited possible for people 10 lise elevators, not jllst freight.
with developing an elevalOr large enough and powerful (A) (As it is now )
enough to lift heavy loads. (4) They had actually been in ( 8) Consequently, it was then possible for elevalOrs
use for half of his lifetime. (5) What Otis nmnaged to do in to be used for people and freight. and this was
1854 was to demonstrate an elevator with a built-in safety noteworthy.
device. (6) So that the elevator would not plunge to the (C) People. not just freight. could use elevators: that
bouom if the rope used to raise and lower it broke. (7) What this was possible was notewonhy.
was note wonhy about this was that it was then possible for (D) This deve lopment was notewonhy because
people to use elevators. not just freight. elevators could now be used for people as well
(8) Prior to this time, hote ls and other buildings were a as for freight.
max imum of only four or five stories high. (9) You can (E) 11 is noteworthy that both people and freight can
imagine why. ( 10) " Birdcage" elevators were made of use elevators.
open metalwork. just like birdcages. (II) HOie l guests
were reluctant to climb man y nights of stairs several times 33. Which of the following is the best sentence to insert
daily, rooms on the lower floors were considered premium. at the beginning of the second paragraph before
(12) In businesses. people as well as desks and Olher heavy sentence 8 ?
equipment had to be moved up stairs. (13) So when Otis'
safe elevator was developed, it meant that buildings could (A) Freight had always been a major consideration.
(B) Otis' improvement had far-reaching
be taller. (14) Before long. hotels and office buildings were
nine and len stories high. consequences.
(C) So Otis' fame was based entirely in safety.
(D) lfOtis had not invented this dev ice, someone
30. In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 4
e lse would have.
(reproduced below)" (E) Elevators can move more than 1,500 feet
They had actl/ally been in use for half of his lifetime. per minute.
(A) Delete it.
( B) Switch it with sentence 5.
(C) Change ·'They" to "Such elevators".
( D) Change "his" to "Otis' ".
(E) Insen "supposedly" after "lifeti me".
958
75
3 3 3
iJnaulhorized oowir>g or reuse 0/
any part 01 this page is illegal.
3 3
34. Which of the following is the best version of the 35. Which sentence should be deleled from the essay
underlined portion of senlence 11 (reproduced below)? because it contains unrelated information?
HOlel guests were reluctant 10 climb many flights of (A) Sentence I
stain 5everalljwes daily. rooms on the lower floors (B) Sentence 3
were considered premium. (C) Sentence 8
(D) Sentence 10
CA) (as it is now)
(E) Sentence 13
(B) stairs several times daily because rooms on the
lower floors
(e) stairs above the rooms on the lower fl oors several
limes daily but they
(D) stairs several times daily above the rooms on the
lower floors, which
(E) stairs several times daily; as a result, rooms on the
lower floors
STOP
959
76
lO@ Unal.llhoriled ~ or 18\.158 of

any part of this pagfl i$ ~1eOa1,
~lO
SECTION 10
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. The disposal of nuclear fi ssion's unwanted by-products

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness is. one of the thorniest problems in developing nuclear
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence power.
is underlined: beneath each senlence are five ways of
phrasing the underl ined material. Choice A repeats the (A) The disposal of nuclear fission's unwanted by-
original phrasing; the other four choices arc di fferent. If products is
you think the original phrasing produces a beneT sentence (8) Unwanted by-products of nuclear fission that
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select need to be disposed of are
one of the other choices. (e) How nuclear fission's unwanted by-products
get to be disposed of is
In making your selection, follow the requiremcnts of (D) Ridding nuclear fission of unwanted by-
standard wri tten English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
products are
(E) For nuclear fission to get rid of unwanted by·
products is
sentence-clear and precise, without aw kwa rdness or
ambiguity.
3, No biographer can altest to absolute accuracy in
documenting the activities of his or her.5.J!!llm
EXAM PLE:
this bio~rapher of Cesar Chavez is no exception.
and she was sixty-five years old then. (A) subject, this biographer of Cesar Chavez is no
exception
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (B) subject, and this biographer of Cesar Chavez
(8) when she was sixty-five is no exception
(e) at age sixty-five years old (C) subject: this biography ofeesar Chave~ is no
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years exception
(E) atlhe time when she was Sixty-five (D) SUbject: such a biography of this one of Cesar
0 . ®®0 Chavez is no exception
(E) subject, with this Cesar Chavez biographer
being no exception
1. To fear the act of impeachment and to think of it llliu..il
threatens the presidential offi ce is to be misinformed
about the Constitution and ignorant of the law. 4. Unlike Charles Lamb. Horace Walpole actually sel out
10 be the historian of his a~e .
(A) that it threatens the presidential office
(8) as a threat to the presidency (A) Unlike Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole actually
(e) that a threat exists for the presidency set out to be the historian of his age.
(D) as il were a threat at the presidency (B) Unlike Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole was
(E) as if it were like a threat to the presidency different in that he actually set out to be the
historian of his age.
(C) Unli ke Charles Lamb, Horace Walpole actually
set out to be the historian of his age and Lamb
did nol.
(D) Charles Lamb did not, but Horace Walpole's
intention was to be the historian of his age.
(E) Di fferent from Charles Lamb. for being the
historian of his age was Ihe intention of Horace
Walpole.
986
77
10 ~
5. Paradoxically. one way that Shakespeare transcended 9. Thou~ h the damage caused by s!rip-minin~ was often
his era was because of hayin~ included it in his plays. irreparable IQ the natural environment. it was once used
to supply half the coal produced annuall y in the United
(A) because of having included it
States.
(8) when he included it
(C) through his including of it (A) Though the damage caused by strip-mining was
(D) by its inclusion of it often irreparable to the natu ral environment, it
(E) by including il (B) Though irreparable damage is caused often to the
nat ural environment by strip-mining, it
6. Laughing because they had missed their stop while (C) Though strip-mining often caused irreparable
reading the map. the task for the tourists now was damage 10 the natural environment. it
gening off the bus and back to their destination. (D) Despite the fact of often irreparable damage to the
natural environment. strip-mining
(A) task for the tourists now was (E) In spile of often irreparable damage to the natural
(8) tourists' task now was environment . strip-mining
(C) tourists now fac ing the task of
(D) tourists nevertheless now faced the task of
10. The filibuster on voting- ri ghts legislation went on for
(E) tourists now faced the task of
three days and ni~bls; senatQrs slept when they could
on benches in the hall.
7. For weeks. one of Ihe company's starring ballerinas
were performing so infreQuently Iha1 dance lovers (A) nigh ts: senators slept when they could
feared something was wrong. ( B) nights. which mellnt senators sleeping when
possible
(A) were perfonning so infrequently that dance lovers (C) nigh IS; therefore. it meant thai senators would
feared something was sleep when possible
(B) was performing so in frequently; dance lovers (D) nights and therefore the senlltors would be
feared something to be sleeping when able to
(C) were performing so infrC<lucntly that dance lovers (E) nights; with senators sleeping when they could
feared something has
(0) was performing SO infrequently that dance lovers
II. Insofar as so many people were going to the music
feared something was
festival. the highway was jammed with cars.
(E) was perfonning very infrequently; so dance lovers
fearing something (A) Insofar as SO many people were going
(B) With the great many people who are goi ng
8. When Catherine the Great had a magnificenl dinner (C) In that there being so many people who went
service of Sevres porcelain made for her. she was (D) Because there was a great many people who went
scandalized by its great cost. which became the subject (E) Because so many people were going
of prolonged controversy.
12. The vi llagers found the visi!ors eQually as fascjna!iog
(A) which became
as their customs were mystifying.
(B) so it was to be
(C) with a result that it was destined to become (A) equally as fascinating as their customs were
(D) therefore becoming (B) equally fascinating and Iheir customs
(E) consequently it would become (C) as fascinating and their customs
(D) as fascinating as their customs were
(E) as fascinating and their customs were
987
78
10~ ~10
13. Although he played a leading role in planning 14. The convenience and widespread availability of
spacecraft expeditions, Dr. Carl Sagan refused to watercolor paint acCQUD! for jls popylarit y with
accept praise for the plans he desi~ncd !lor otherwise amateur anists.
profiling from later advancemenls in space exploration .
(A) account for its popularity
(A) designed nor OIherwise profiting ( B) account for their popularity
( B) had designed nor otherwise did he profit (C) accounts for its popularity
(C) has designed nor otherwise to have profiled (D) is why it is popular
(D) designed or otherwise profited (E) are a reason for its popularity
(E) had designed or otherwise to profit
STOP
988
79

SAT Practice Test # 10
(k[[11 \1 III \])1,\(,
~!:cliO!l i S,s:lle n § ~es: li!.l n 2:
Mulilple -Choke Qutllions Mull iple-Cho]ce QueSI ion. Multiple -Choice Questions
Correct Difficuhy Co.uel Difficulty Correct Difficult y Correct Difficulty Correct Difficult y Correct Difficuh y
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w.'cl Answer
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Numl><'r incorre<1 Numl>cr ,ncorrecl Number incorre<1
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MClion 2 Mellon S xd ion8

Multiple-Choice Student-Produced
,.
Multiple-Choin Questions Multiple-Choice Questions
Questions Rcsponse Questions
Correct Difficulty Correct """""D c.= Difficulty C<>~ , Difficulty Corr«t
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Difficulty Correct Difficulty
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Multiple-Choler Qucstions
S«t ion 10
Multiple-C hoice Question s
Correct Difficulty Correct Difficulty
Correct Anl ..~r Difficulty Lenl
,,, ,
An ...'., w.'.l
,, Ans"'er unl
, ,,, ,,,
,,, ,,
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Esuy Score· (0-6)
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M
C
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Numl>crinco"c<1 Numl>cr incorrect
NOTE: Difficulty It-'cls are E {t;tSyl, M (mfiltum), and H (hard ).
• To score your eHay, use the SAT scoring guide In Chapter 9 and the frn $ample essays avai!able online at www.collegeboard.com/satonlinKourse.
On thi~ practice test, your essay score should range from 0 to 6. (Kup in mind that on the actual SAT, your essay will be read by two readers and
you will receive a score of 0 10 12 on your scort report )
990
80
SECTION 3
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. Many ancient Eastern rulers favored drinking vessels

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness made of celadon porcelain because of supposedly
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence revealing the presence of poison by cracking.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) because of supposedly revealing the presence of
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If poison
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) for being supposed that it would reveal the
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select presence of poison
one of the other choices. (C) because of being supposed to reveal
poison in it
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (D) for it was supposed to reveal that there is poison
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, (E) because it was supposed to reveal the presence of
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. poison
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or
ambiguity. 3. John believes that plants respond to human attention,
which causes his talking to his African violets every
EXAMPLE: night.
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (A) attention, which causes his talking
and she was sixty-five years old then. (B) attention and talking is what is done
(C) attention and his talks
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (D) attention; for this reason has been his talking
(B) when she was sixty-five (E) attention; he therefore talks
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years 4. All the demands on soprano Kathleen Battle for
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five operatic performances, solo concerts, and special guest
appearances, tempting her to sing too often and
straining her voice.
1. The poet Claude McKay was a native of Jamaica who (A) appearances, tempting her to sing too often and
spent most of his life in the United States but writing straining
some of his poems in the Jamaican dialect. (B) appearances not only tempt her to sing too often
(A) The poet Claude McKay was a native of Jamaica plus they strain
who spent most of his life in the United States (C) appearances tempts her not only into singing too
but writing often but then she strains
(B) Being that he was a Jamaican who spent (D) appearances, tempting her into singing too often
most of his life in the United States, the and she therefore strains
poet Claude McKay writing (E) appearances tempt her to sing too often and strain
(C) Although a native of Jamaica, the poet Claude
McKay spent most of his life in the United
States, he wrote
(D) Although the poet Claude McKay spent
most of his life in the United States, he
was a native of Jamaica and wrote
(E) Because he was a native of Jamaica who spent
most of his life in the United States, the poet
Claude McKay writing
-10- SAT Preparation Booklet 51

81
5. One reason that an insect can walk on walls while a 9. The African tsetse fly does not need a brain, everything
human cannot is that the mass of its tiny body is far it has to do in life is programmed into its nervous
lower than humans. system.
(A) far lower than humans (A) brain, everything
(B) far lower than that of a human’s body (B) brain due to everything which
(C) lower by far than humans (C) brain, for everything
(D) far lower than a human (D) brain; since, everything
(E) far lower than is a human’s body (E) brain whereas everything
6. In the 1980’s, the median price of a house more than 10. She was concerned about how Hank would react to
doubled, generally outdistancing the rate of inflation. the incident, but in searching his face, he did not
seem to be at all embarrassed or troubled.
(A) generally outdistancing the rate of inflation
(B) generally this outdistanced the rate of inflation (A) in searching his face, he did not seem to be
(C) and the result was the general outdistancing of (B) by searching his face, it showed that he
inflation was not
(D) the general rate of inflation was thus outdistanced (C) a search of his face showed that he seemed not
(E) thus generally inflation had been outdistanced (D) searching his face, he did not seem to be
(E) his face being searched showed that he
7. In the nineteenth century, reproductions of cathedrals was not
or castles made entirely of ice was often a popular
feature in North American winter carnivals. 11. Explaining modern art is impossible, partly because of
its complexity but largely because of it rapidly
(A) was often a popular feature
changing.
(B) often were popular features
(C) often was featured popularly (A) of it rapidly changing
(D) often being popular features (B) it makes rapid changes
(E) have been featured popularly (C) of the rapidity with which it changes
(D) changing it is rapid
8. A fine orchestral performance will exhibit the skills of (E) it changes so rapid
the musicians, their abilities to work as an ensemble,
and how he or she responds to the conductor.
(A) how he or she responds
(B) how to respond
(C) their responding
(D) their responses
(E) they respond
52 SAT Preparation Booklet -11-

82
The following sentences test your ability to recognize

grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either 15. Twenty-five years after Alex Haley’s Roots stimulate
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more A B
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the many people to research their family histories, new
one underlined part that must be changed to make the C
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. technology has been developed to make the task
written English.
easier . No error
EXAMPLE: D E
The other delegates and him immediately
16. For months the press had praised Thatcher’s handling
A B C
accepted the resolution drafted by the
D of the international crisis, and editorial views changed
neutral states. No error A
E quickly when the domestic economy worsened .
B C D
No error
12. The ambassador was entertained lavish by E
A
17. Experiments have shown that human skin provides
Hartwright, whose company has a monetary
A B
B C
natural protection against a surprising large
interest in the industrial development of the
C
D
number of infectious bacteria. No error
new country. No error
D E
E
18. In the aggressive society created by William Golding

13. Among the discoveries made possible by
A
A B
in Lord of the Flies, both Ralph and Jack emerge
the invention of the telescope they found that
C D
early on as the leader of the lost boys. No error
dark spots existed on the Sun in varying numbers.
B C D E
No error
19. More than forty years have passed since a quarter
E
A B
of a million people marched on Washington, D.C.,
14. This liberal arts college has decided requiring
A B
in an attempt to secure civil rights for Black
all students to study at least one non-European
C D
C D
Americans. No error
language. No error
E
E

83
20. Careful analysis of pictures of the Moon reveal that 25. The famous filmmaker had a tendency of changing
A A B
parts of the Moon’s surface are markedly similar to his recollections, perhaps out of boredom at having
B C C D
parts of the Earth’s . No error to tell interviewers the same story over and over.
D E
No error
21. London differs from other cities, such as Paris and E
A B
New York, in that its shopping areas are so widely 26. Norwegian writer Sigrid Undset is like the novelist Sir
C D A
spread out. No error Walter Scott in her use of historical backgrounds, but
E B
unlike his books , she dwells on the psychological
22. The architect’s research shows that even when builders C
aspects of her characters. No error
construct houses of stone , they still use the hammer D E
A B C
more than any tool . No error 27. The television station has received many complaints
D E A
about the clothing advertisements, which some
23. Of the two options, neither the system of appointing B C
A B viewers condemn to be tasteless. No error
judges to the bench nor the process of electing judges D E
C
are entirely satisfactory. No error 28. The relationship between goby fish and striped shrimp
D E
are truly symbiotic, for neither can survive without
24. Carlos cherished the memory of the day when him A B C D
A the other. No error
and his sister Rosa were presented with awards E
B
in recognition of meritorious service to the 29. Winston Churchill, unlike many English prime
C D A
community. No error ministers before him , had deep insight into the
E B C
workings of the human mind. No error
D E

84
30. Of the following, which is the best way to revise and

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an combine sentences 1 and 2 (reproduced below) ?
My father has an exceptional talent. The ability to
Read the passage and select the best answers for the understand people.
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (A) My father has an exceptional talent and the ability
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you to understand people.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (B) My father has an exceptional talent that includes
answers, follow the requirements of standard written the ability to understand people.
English. (C) My father has an exceptional talent: the ability to
understand people.
(D) My father has an exceptional talent, it is his
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage. ability to understand people.
(E) Despite my father’s exceptional talent, he still has
(1) My father has an exceptional talent. (2) The the ability to understand people.
ability to understand people. (3) When I have a problem
that I think no one else will understand, I take it to my
father. (4) He listens intently, asks me some questions, 31. Of the following, which is the best way to phrase
and my feelings are seemingly known by him exactly. sentence 4 (reproduced below) ?
(5) Even my twin sister can talk to him more easily than He listens intently, asks me some questions, and my
to me. (6) Many people seem too busy to take the time feelings are seemingly known by him exactly.
to understand one another. (7) My father, by all
accounts, sees taking time to listen as essential to any (A) (As it is now)
relationship, whether it involves family, friendship, or (B) Listening intently, he will ask me some questions
work. and then my exact feelings are seemingly known
(8) At work, my father’s friends and work associates to him.
benefit from this talent. (9) His job requires him to attend (C) As he listens to me and asks me some questions,
social events and sometimes I go along. (10) I have he seems to be knowing exactly my feelings.
watched him at dinner; his eyes are fixed on whoever is (D) He listened to me and asked me some questions,
speaking, and he nods his head at every remark. (11) My seeming to know exactly how I felt.
father emerges from such a conversation with what I believe (E) He listens intently, asks me some questions, and
then seems to know exactly how I feel.
is a true sense of the speaker’s meaning. (12) In the same
way, we choose our friends.
(13) My father’s ability to listen affects his whole 32. In sentence 7, the phrase by all accounts is best
life. (14) His ability allows him to form strong replaced by
relationships with his coworkers and earns him (A) however
lasting friendships. (15) It allows him to have open (B) moreover
conversations with his children. (16) Furthermore, it (C) to my knowledge
has strengthened his relationship with my mother. (D) like my sister
(17) Certainly, his talent is one that I hope to develop (E) but nevertheless
as I mature.
33. Which of the following sentences should be omitted to
improve the unity of the second paragraph?
(A) Sentence 8
(B) Sentence 9
(C) Sentence 10
(D) Sentence 11
(E) Sentence 12

85
34. In context, which of the following is the best way to 35. A strategy that the writer uses within the third
phrase the underlined portion of sentence 16 paragraph is to
(A) make false assumptions and use exaggeration
Furthermore, it has strengthened his relationship with (B) include difficult vocabulary
my mother. (C) repeat certain words and sentence patterns
(D) argue in a tone of defiance
(A) (As it is now)
(E) turn aside from the main subject
(B) Further strengthening
(C) But it strengthens
(D) However, he is strengthening
(E) Considering this, he strengthens
STOP

86
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. When the weather forecaster predicts a severe storm,

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness this is when people usually rush to the supermarket to
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence stock up on groceries.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) storm, this is when people usually rush
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) storm is usually when people are rushing
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) storm is why people usually rush
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) storm, people usually rush
one of the other choices. (E) storm, it usually rushes people
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, 3. When, after bleak and lonely years in an English
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. public school, he returned to India, there was suddenly
Your selection should result in the most effective perceived by himself a strong desire to write about the
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or people and land he loved.
ambiguity. (A) there was suddenly perceived by himself
(B) he suddenly was perceived
EXAMPLE: (C) suddenly the feeling that came to him being
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (D) he suddenly felt
and she was sixty-five years old then. (E) suddenly he had the feeling of
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then 4. Curiosity about other people, about the ways they think
(B) when she was sixty-five and act, has caused Jeff to meet some fascinating
(C) at age sixty-five years old characters as well as people which also really bore
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years him.
(A) people which also really bore him
(B) he encountered really boring people
(C) very boring people are also met
1. People were unprepared for the sinking of the (D) some very boring people
Titanic simply because of believing that the ship (E) very boring people also
was unsinkable.
(A) of believing that the ship was unsinkable 5. During seasons when ticks carrying Lyme disease are
(B) of having a belief in the ship as unsinkable most prevalent, signs could be posted to deter hikers
(C) they believed that the ship was unsinkable about their venturing into tick-infested areas.
(D) they believed the unsinkable nature of (A) about their venturing
the ship (B) from their venturing
(E) of a belief on their part of an (C) from venturing
unsinkable ship (D) by not venturing
(E) not to venture

87
6. After Morris had spent ten minutes giving an answer, 9. Astronomy is the study of celestial bodies in outer
Claudette found he had given her only one item of space, especially their positions, dimensions,
information beyond what she already knew. movements, and composition.
(A) beyond what she already knew (A) especially their positions, dimensions, move-
(B) beyond what she knows already ments, and composition
(C) beyond her knowledge at the current time (B) and especially they are concerned with their
(D) to add to what she knew already presently positions, dimensions, movements, and
(E) in addition to her present knowledge then composition
(C) especially studying their positions, dimensions,
7. Although the kings and queens of England are movements, and composition
considered Canada’s monarchs, true political power (D) especially their positions, dimensions, move-
lies with the prime minister, that person is elected by ments, and with their composition
the Canadian citizenry. (E) with special study of their positions, dimensions,
movements, and including composition
(A) true political power lies with the prime minister,
that person is elected
10. All the talk about controlling noise, keeping rivers
(B) the person who holds true political power is the
clean, and planting trees have not impressed people
prime minister, which is elected
enough to be bringing about major changes in laws and
(C) true political power lies with the prime minister,
lifestyles.
who is elected
(D) the prime minister, the source of true political (A) have not impressed people enough to be bringing
power, elected (B) have not made enough of an impression on people
(E) true political power is with the prime minister and to bring
is elected (C) have not made people impressed enough to bring
(D) has not impressed people enough to bring
8. Led by vocalist Marlena McGhee Smalls, Gullah (E) has not made enough people impressed for
tradition is preserved by the help of the Hallelujah bringing
Singers of South Carolina through songs and stories.
11. The furnace exploded, blowing off the door, spraying
(A) Gullah tradition is preserved by the help of the greasy soot all over the basement floor, and it would
Hallelujah Singers of South Carolina through rattle furniture and windowpanes throughout the
songs and stories building.
(B) the Hallelujah Singers of South Carolina help to
preserve Gullah tradition through songs and (A) it would rattle
stories (B) it rattled
(C) the songs and stories of Gullah tradition are (C) causing the rattling of
preserved through the Hallelujah Singers (D) the result was to rattle
of South Carolina (E) rattling
(D) it is the Hallelujah Singers that help to preserve
the songs and stories of Gullah tradition in South
Carolina
(E) South Carolina’s Gullah tradition is preserved
through songs and stories by the Hallelujah
Singers

88
12. The adaptation of a novel for the screen often requires 14. Feeling, perhaps, that their votes do not matter, the
major adjustments in plot because the one art form number of young people going to the polls
differs from the other in having other character- are becoming increasingly smaller.
revelation techniques.
(A) the number of young people going to the polls are
(A) because the one art form differs from the other in becoming increasingly smaller
having other character-revelation techniques (B) the number of young people going to the polls is
(B) because the two art forms reveal character increasingly smaller
in different ways (C) increasingly smaller numbers of young
(C) because of the differing ways the two may use for people are going to the polls
revealing a character (D) young people are going to the polls in
(D) inasmuch as there are different ways in the two art increasingly smaller numbers
forms for character revelation (E) young people, who in increasingly smaller
(E) insofar as the two differ in how to reveal character numbers are going to the polls
13. The opposing opinions expressed were that the school

should be torn down and, on the other hand, to keep it as
a historical landmark.
(A) were that the school should be torn down and, on
the other hand, to keep it
(B) was that the school should be torn down
or kept
(C) were that the school should be torn down and that
it should be kept
(D) were about them tearing the school down and
them keeping the school
(E) were if they should tear the school down and
keeping it
STOP

89
Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels for the SAT Practice Test
Critical Reading
Section 4 Section 6 Section 9
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. E 1 13 . A 3 1. A 1 13 . E 4 1. E 1 11 . C 3
2. C 3 14 . B 3 2. A 3 14 . B 3 2. B 2 12 . C 4
3. B 3 15 . A 2 3. D 4 15 . C 3 3. C 3 13 . A 3
4. E 5 16 . B 3 4. C 3 16 . E 2 4. C 3 14 . B 5
5. C 5 17 . E 3 5. B 4 17 . C 1 5. D 4 15 . A 3
6. B 1 18 . A 1 6. C 5 18 . D 2 6. A 5 16 . D 3
7. D 2 19 . E 3 7. B 5 19 . A 3 7. B 3 17 . C 3
8. B 5 20 . C 2 8. A 5 20 . D 5 8. D 2 18 . C 3
9. D 5 21 . D 3 9. C 2 21 . B 3 9. E 3 19 . E 3
10 . B 3 22 . E 2 10 . B 2 22 . B 3 10 . C 4
11 . A 3 23 . C 3 11 . E 2 23 . D 2
12 . E 2 12 . A 4 24 . A 3
25 . B 3
Number correct Number correct Number correct
Number incorrect Number incorrect Number incorrect
Math
Multiple-Choice Student-Produced COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.
Questions Response Questions ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. 1. C 1 11 . E 3 1. D 1 9. D 3
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. 2. E 1 12 . A 3 2. E 1 10 . A 3
1. B 1 9. 89 1 3. E 2 13 . A 3 3. A 1 11 . B 3
2. C 1 10 . 200 2 4. C 2 14 . E 4 4. C 2 12 . A 4
3. A 1 11 . 75 3 5. C 1 15 . E 4 5. D 2 13 . C 4
4. D 2 12 . 3 3 6. D 2 16 . E 3 6. D 3 14 . D 4
5. B 3 13 . 12 3 7. A 2 17 . A 4 7. C 3 15 . C 5
6. D 4 14 . 0 <x< 1 3 8. B 2 18 . B 4 8. E 3 16 . A 5
7. C 4 15 . 1600 3 9. E 2 19 . E 4
8. E 4 16 . 5/8 or . 625 4 10 . A 3 20 . C 5
17 . 1/3 or . 333 4
18 . 5/2 or 2.5 5
Number correct Number correct Number correct Number correct

(9-18 )
Writing
Section 3 Section 10
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. D 2 10 . C 5 19 . E 2 28 . A 3 1. C 1 6. A 1 11 . E 3
2. E 1 11 . C 5 20 . A 5 29 . E 3 2. D 1 7. C 2 12 . B 3
3. E 1 12 . A 1 21 . E 3 30 . C 3 3. D 1 8. B 3 13 . C 4
4. E 3 13 . D 3 22 . D 3 31 . E 3 4. D 1 9. A 3 14 . D 5
5. B 3 14 . B 1 23 . D 4 32 . A 3 5. C 3 10 . D 3
6. A 3 15 . B 1 24 . A 1 33 . E 3
7. B 3 16 . A 3 25 . B 5 34 . A 3
8. D 3 17 . C 3 26 . C 5 35 . C 3
9. C 3 18 . C 3 27 . D 5
Number correct Number correct
Number incorrect Number incorrect
NOTE: Difficulty levels are estimates of question difficulty for a reference group of college-bound seniors.
Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest). SAT Preparation Booklet 83
90
SECTION 5
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. To help freshmen and sophomores in selecting their

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness courses, candid reviews of courses and instructors
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence compiled by juniors and seniors.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) candid reviews of courses and instructors
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If compiled by juniors and seniors
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) candid reviews of courses and instructors being
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select compiled by juniors and seniors
one of the other choices. (C) and to compile candid reviews of courses and
instructors by juniors and seniors
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (D) juniors and seniors have compiled candid reviews
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, of courses and instructors
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. (E) with juniors and seniors compiling candid reviews
Your selection should result in the most effective of courses and instructors
ambiguity.
3. The landscape artist who designed New York City’s
EXAMPLE: Central Park believed that providing scenic settings
accessible to all would not only benefit the public’s
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book physical and mental health and also foster a sense of
and she was sixty-five years old then. democracy.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (A) and also foster a sense of democracy
(B) when she was sixty-five (B) as it also fosters a sense of democracy
(C) at age sixty-five years old (C) and would foster a sense of democracy also
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (D) but also foster a sense of democracy
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (E) and foster a sense of democracy also
4. In areas where deer roam freely, residents must dress

1. Since last September Patricia has been working at the to protect themselves against deer ticks that might
convenience store down the road. transmit diseases.
(A) has been working (A) areas where deer roam freely
(B) works (B) areas roamed by deer freely
(C) is working (C) areas, freely roamed by deer
(D) will be working (D) areas, in which there are deer that roam freely
(E) worked (E) areas which deer roam free
58 SAT Preparation Booklet

91
5. Given the cost of a hardcover book, the price of it 9. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the proposal
typically hovers around $25, many consumers ask their to replace the existing Articles of Confederation with a
book dealers, “When will the paperback be out?” federal constitution were met with fierce opposition.
(A) the price of it typically hovers (A) were met with
(B) and typically it hovers at a price (B) having been met with
(C) which typically hovers (C) it met
(D) in that it typically hovers (D) met with
(E) they typically hover (E) met their
6. The article featured the Sea Islands because many were 10. When for the first time the United States imported
known there to live much as their ancestors of a more oil than it exported, Americans should have
century ago had lived. realized that an energy crisis was imminent and could
happen in the future.
(A) many were known there to live
(B) they were known there for living (A) was imminent and could happen in the future
(C) many of the people there were known to live (B) could happen imminently in the future
(D) of the many people, they were there living (C) will be imminent and happening soon
(E) of knowing that many people lived there (D) is an imminent thing
(E) might be imminent
7. A poetic form congenial to Robert Browning was the
dramatic monologue, it let him explore a character’s 11. Intimacy, love, and marriage are three different, if
mind without the simplifications demanded by stage interrelated, subjects.
productions.
(A) different, if interrelated, subjects
(A) monologue, it let him explore (B) interrelated subjects, being, however, different
(B) monologue, which let him explore (C) different subjects, whereas they are interrelated
(C) monologue that lets him explore (D) different subjects when interrelated
(D) monologue; letting him explore (E) subjects that are different although being
(E) monologue by letting him do exploration of interrelated
8. Many eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Romantic

poets were believers in rebellion against social
conventions, express strong emotion, and the power
of imagination.
(A) were believers in rebellion against social
conventions, express strong emotion
(B) are believers in rebelling against social
conventions, strong emotions being expressed
(C) who believed in rebellion against social
conventions, express strong emotion
(D) believed in rebellion against social conventions, to
express strong emotions
(E) believed in rebellion against social conventions,
the expression of strong emotions
SAT Preparation Booklet 59

92
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Storing bread in the refrigerator delays drying and the
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined growth of mold but increase the rate at which the
one underlined part that must be changed to make the bread loses flavor . No error
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard D E
written English.
16. According to last week’s survey, most voters
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately were disappointed by legislators’ inability working
A B C A B C
accepted the resolution drafted by the together on key issues. No error
D D E
E 17. When Marie Curie shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for
A
Physics with two other scientists —her husband
12. America’s first roller coaster ride, which opened in
B
A
Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel—she had been
1884 at Coney Island, Brooklyn, and capable of
C
B
the first woman to win the prize. No error
a top speed of only six miles per hour. No error
D E
C D E
18. Every spring in rural Vermont the sound of sap
13. The inflation rate in that country is so high that
A
A
dripping into galvanized metal buckets signal the
even with adjusted wages, most workers can barely
B C
B C D
beginning of the traditional season for gathering
pay for food and shelter. No error
D
E
maple syrup. No error
14. Over the past two years, apparel manufacturers have E
A B
19. Those investors who sold stocks just before the
worked to meeting the revised federal standards
A B
C
stock market crashed in 1929 were either wise or
for the design of uniforms. No error
C
D E
exceptional lucky. No error
D E

93
20. Most of the sediment and nutrients of the 25. In order for the audience to believe in and
A
Mississippi River no longer reach the coastal be engaged by a Shakespearean character,
A B
wetlands, a phenomenon that has adversely they have to come across as a real person
B C D
affected the region’s ecological balance. on the stage. No error
C D E
No error
E 26. Most of the hypotheses that Kepler developed
A B
21. Most major air pollutants cannot be seen, although to explain physical forces were later rejected as
C
large amounts of them concentrated in cities inconsistent to Newtonian theory. No error
A B D E
are visible as smog. No error
C D E 27. Lynn Margulis’s theory that evolution is a process
A
22. The light emitted by high-intensity-discharge involving interdependency rather than competition
B
car headlights are very effective in activating among organisms differs dramatically from
A B C
the reflective paints of road markers, thereby most biologists . No error
C D E
making driving at night safer. No error
D E 28. The Empire State Building, the Sears Tower, the
23. During the nineteenth century, Greek mythology Canadian National Tower—each of these structures
A A
acquired renewed significance when both poets and was the tallest in the world at the time they were
B B C D
painters turned to the ancient myths for subject built. No error
C D E
matter. No error
E 29. The cost of safely disposing of the toxic chemicals
A
24. The museum is submitting proposals to several is approximately five times what the company paid
A B B C
foundations in the hope to gain funds to build to purchase it. No error
C D D E
a tropical butterfly conservatory. No error
E

94
30. Which is the best version of the underlined part of

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an sentence 2 (reproduced below) ?
Acclaimed as an artist in the United States and Europe
Read the passage and select the best answers for the at the turn of the century, Tanner was called the
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular “dean” of art by W. E. B. Du Bois.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) (as it is now)
to consider organization and development. In choosing (B) century; Tanner was called the “dean” of art by
answers, follow the requirements of standard written W. E. B. Du Bois
English. (C) century, Tanner, who was called “dean” of art by
W. E. B. Du Bois
(D) century, W. E. B. Du Bois calling Tanner the
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage. “dean” of art
(E) century, it was W. E. B. Du Bois who called
(1) On September 10, 1973, the United States Postal Tanner the “dean” of art
Service issued a stamp honoring Henry Ossawa Tanner
(1859-1937), one of four stamps in the American Arts 31. Which is the best version of the underlined portion of
series. (2) Acclaimed as an artist in the United States and sentence 4 (reproduced below) ?
Europe at the turn of the century, Tanner was called the
“dean” of art by W. E. B. Du Bois. (3) But after his death, And so it remained, and even later, in 1969, the
Tanner’s work was largely forgotten. (4) And so it donation of one of his paintings to the Smithsonian
remained, and even later, in 1969, the donation of one of Institution aroused new interest in the art of this
his paintings to the Smithsonian Institution aroused new American master.
interest in the art of this American master. (5) Now his (A) (as it is now)
works are on exhibit again. (6) You can even buy posters of (B) remained, and even after that, in 1969,
his paintings! (C) remained, but even then, in 1969,
(7) One of his most famous works is a realistic painting (D) remained until 1969, when
by the name of “The Banjo Lesson.” (8) It was inspired by (E) remained when in 1969
a poem of Paul Laurence Dunbar. (9) The painting isn’t
like a photograph. (10) The magnificence of his work can 32. In context, which is the best revision of sentence 6
be seen with each subtle brush stroke, each carefully (reproduced below) ?
crafted detail. (11) The effect is truly beautiful. (12) If I
were to try to identify the dominant theme of the painting, I You can even buy posters of his paintings!
would have to say that it is family cohesiveness because the (A) It is amazing, you can buy posters of his
entire scene seems to emphasize the bond between the boy paintings.
and his grandfather. (B) Even ordinary people like us can buy posters of
his paintings.
(C) Posters of his paintings had been sold.
(D) People can even buy his paintings as a poster.
(E) One can even buy posters of his paintings.

95
33. In context, which is the best way to revise sentence 7 35. Which is best to add to the beginning
(reproduced below) ? of sentence 9 ?
One of his most famous works is a realistic painting by (A) Although it is realistic,
the name of “The Banjo Lesson.” (B) You can almost hear the music, but
(C) Photographs have a beauty of their own, but
(A) Add “In contrast,” to the beginning of the
(D) As a lifelike work,
sentence.
(E) Some people just copy what they see;
(B) Change “a realistic painting by the name of” to
“the realistic painting”.
(C) Delete the words “of his most famous works”.
(D) Change “is” to “had been”.
(E) Delete “most famous”.
34. Which sentence is best inserted after sentence 7 ?

(A) The painting shows a man teaching his grandson
how to play the banjo.
(B) He finished “The Banjo Lesson” in 1893.
(C) In the painting, a bright light sets off the man and
boy.
(D) Banjos came to the United States from West
Africa.
(E) Portraits by Tanner show a psychological depth
and compassion.
STOP

96
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. Since scientific advances are central to progress, basic

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness research deserving continuing support.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) basic research deserving continuing support
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) basic research being what deserves continuing
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If support
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) basic research deserves continuing support
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) continuing support is deserved by basic research
one of the other choices. (E) continuing support is what they deserve in basic
research
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. 3. With Americans consuming sugar in record amounts,
Your selection should result in the most effective nutritionists are urging the public to reduce its
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or consumption of sodas, which have largely replaced
ambiguity. other, more healthful, beverages.
(A) nutritionists are urging the public to reduce its
EXAMPLE: consumption of sodas, which
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (B) nutritionists have been urging that the public
and she was sixty-five years old then. reduces its consumption of sodas; those
(C) the public ought to reduce its consuming of sodas,
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then as urged by nutritionists, because they
(B) when she was sixty-five (D) nutritionists urge about reducing public soda
(C) at age sixty-five years old consumption, which
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (E) less soda should be consumed by the public, urge
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five nutritionists, which
4. Experts disagree about what is the definition of

1. In everything from finding comets to spotting intelligence and how to measure it.
supernovae, amateur astronomers have become so (A) what is the definition of intelligence and how to
accomplished, and professional astronomers sometimes measure it
seek their help. (B) how to define intelligence, and also its
(A) accomplished, and measurement
(B) accomplished, also (C) how to define and measure intelligence
(C) accomplished that (D) defining intelligence as well as measurement
(D) accomplished therefore (E) the definition of intelligence and measuring it
(E) accomplished when

97
5. The charges against the organization are being 9. Traditional Jamaican music, enriched with rock, jazz,
investigated by a committee, it includes several and other modern rhythms from America, were the
senators. basis for reggae.
(A) committee, it includes (A) were the basis for
(B) committee; it including (B) have been a basis for
(C) committee, and it will include (C) become the basis of
(D) committee, they include (D) was the basis for
(E) committee that includes (E) being the basis of
6. Travel writing often describes a journey of exploration 10. James Barrie, the author of Peter Pan and
and endurance, a trip that is risky either because of other plays, is noted for portraying adulthood
natural hazards but also because of political unrest. as unpleasant and childhood is glorified.
(A) but also because of (A) childhood is glorified
(B) but also due to (B) childhood as being glorious
(C) or because there was (C) childhood as glorious
(D) or because of (D) childhood glorified
(E) or the cause is (E) glorified childhood
7. Though they had earlier indicated otherwise, it was 11. Medical insurance coverage that requires high monthly
eventually decided upon by the legislators to have the premiums and that is beyond the financial means of
bill passed. many people.
(A) it was eventually decided upon by the legislators (A) that requires high monthly premiums and that is
to have the bill passed (B) that requires high monthly premiums and it is
(B) it was eventually decided upon by the legislators (C) requiring high monthly premiums are
to pass the bill (D) with the requirements of high monthly
(C) the eventual decision of the legislators was for premiums are
passage of the bill (E) that requires high monthly premiums is
(D) the legislators’ eventual decision was passing
the bill 12. Among the most flavorful cuisines in the United States,
(E) the legislators eventually decided to pass the bill New Orleans has also become one of the most popular.
(A) New Orleans has also become
8. Spread by rat fleas, millions of people in medieval
(B) New Orleans has also become famous as
Europe were killed by bubonic plague.
(C) the cuisine of New Orleans is also
(A) millions of people in medieval Europe were killed (D) cuisines in New Orleans also have become
by bubonic plague (E) also the cuisine of New Orleans is
(B) and millions of medieval Europeans killed by
bubonic plague
(C) this led to the killing of millions of medieval
Europeans by bubonic plague
(D) bubonic plague in medieval Europe was why
millions of people were killed
(E) bubonic plague killed millions of people in
medieval Europe

98
13. Meals prepared by the Algonquin Indians, who were 14. Born of Ibuza parents in Nigeria, novelist Buchi
farmers as well as hunters, included more maize and Emecheta moved to England in 1962, since which she
pumpkin than other Indian tribes. has lived in North London.
(A) pumpkin than other Indian tribes (A) 1962, since which she has lived in North London
(B) pumpkin than did those prepared by other Indian (B) 1962 and has lived since then in North London
tribes (C) 1962, since then she has lived in North London
(C) pumpkin than that which other Indian tribes did (D) 1962 and lived since then in North London
(D) pumpkin, and this was not the same as other (E) 1962, and living in North London since that time
Indian tribes
(E) pumpkin; and other Indian tribes did not prepare
meals in this way
STOP

99
Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels for the Official SAT Practice Test
Get a score report

and answer explana-
tions! Enter your
answers online at
collegeboard.com/
satpracticetest.

100
SECTION 5
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. Winslow Homer, one of America’s foremost artists,

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness spent his last 27 years and painted on the scenic Maine
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence coast.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) spent his last 27 years and painted
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) spent his last 27 years having painted
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) spent his last 27 years painting
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) having spent his last 27 years doing his painting
one of the other choices. (E) spending his last 27 years painting
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, 3. Researchers are experimenting with various techniques
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. for preventing the accumulation in water of high levels
Your selection should result in the most effective of nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals.
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or (A) nitrogen, which can kill plants and animals
ambiguity. (B) nitrogen; plants and animals can be killed
(C) nitrogen, that is what can kill plants and animals
EXAMPLE: (D) nitrogen, they could kill plants and animals
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (E) nitrogen, and they can kill plants and animals
4. When the news spread how new goldfields were
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then discovered in Nome, Alaska, thousands abandoned
(B) when she was sixty-five Dawson, the site of the previous gold rush.
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (A) how new goldfields were discovered
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (B) how there was discovery of new goldfields
(C) about new goldfields, which they discovered
(D) about new goldfields, and they were discovered
(E) about new goldfields that had been discovered
1. The library is older than it but still just as beautiful as
the courthouse. 5. When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War,
(A) older than it but still just as beautiful as the began to be torn down in 1989, five million people
courthouse went to Berlin to celebrate that.
(B) older and it is just as beautiful as the courthouse (A) to celebrate that
(C) older than the courthouse; it is just as beautiful as it (B) for its celebration
(D) older than the courthouse but just as beautiful (C) to celebrate
(E) just as beautiful as the courthouse and it is older (D) in celebration of that
than it (E) in celebrating
-22-
101
6. To complete the music program, a student must present 9. New Zealand’s Kaikoura Peninsula, a ruggedly
one vocal performance, one instrumental performance, beautiful spit of land, borders an undersea canyon that
and composing one original work. is home to the sperm whale and the giant squid.
(A) and composing one original work (A) borders an undersea canyon that is
(B) and one original composition (B) bordering an undersea canyon,
(C) with one original composition (C) and it borders an undersea canyon, which is
(D) and to compose one original work (D) which borders an undersea canyon,
(E) as well as the student’s original composition (E) is the border of an undersea canyon, being
7. Zookeepers have expanded one’s definition of care to 10. In similarity with some other great works, the enduring
include concern for the animal’s mental state as well as horror tale Frankenstein was first published
for its physical well-being. anonymously; its author, Mary Shelley, wrote the
novel when she was not quite nineteen years old.
(A) have expanded one’s definition of care to include
(B) have expanded one’s definition of care, including (A) In similarity with
(C) expand their definition of care, they include (B) As
(D) expanding the definition of care to include (C) Like what happened with
(E) have expanded their definition of care to include (D) Like the case with
(E) Like
8. The time and the place for such a large event is subject
to approving from the mayor’s office. 11. The book is useful because it offers not just phi-
losophy and theory but also tells you what and how to
(A) The time and the place for such a large event is
live every day.
subject to approving from the mayor’s office.
(B) For such a large event, the time and the place are (A) but also tells you what and how to live every day
subject to the mayor’s office’s approving them. (B) but also it gives ways of everyday living
(C) The time and the place for such a large event are (C) but also advice for everyday living
subject to the approval of the mayor’s office. (D) but also it gives practical advice for everyday life
(D) The time and place for such a large event are (E) and also tells you what to do and how to live
subject to be approved by the office of the every day
mayor.
(E) Subject to the approval of the mayor’s office are
the time and place for such a large event taking
place.
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102
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 14. The newly elected Prime Minister, to the dismay
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined of opponents from other parties, have argued for
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the C
one underlined part that must be changed to make the the strict regulation of campaign financing. No error
written English.
15. Studies have suggested that eating nuts— almonds
EXAMPLE:
A
The other delegates and him immediately in particular—might help to lower blood cholesterol
A B C B
accepted the resolution drafted by the levels in humans and reducing the risk of heart disease
D C
by protecting the blood vessels. No error
E
D E
16. In English literature James Boswell is the prime

12. The country found that its economy was growing
A
A
example of a biographer who, by ensuring the
more stronger , with an improved outlook and more
B
B C
immortality of another author, has achieved
opportunities for training and employment. No error
C
D E
immortality for himself . No error
13. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains delicate D E
A
17. Because the garden was untended , the windows
patterns that are unique to each person, offering a
A
B C
had no shutters, and the lawn overrun by weeds,
powerful means of identification. No error
B C
D E
people passing by the old house assumed that
D
it was unoccupied. No error
E
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103
18. Until recently, most people entering politics feel that 22. It was a Chinese American grower who finally
A B A
loss of privacy was a fair price to pay for the chance succeeded with adapting the now familiar
C D B C
to participate in policy making. No error orange tree to the American climate. No error
E D E
19. Only by tapping their last reserves of energy were the 23. The survey indicated that workers in the United States
A B
team members able to salvage what was beginning hope that his or her wages will keep pace with
C D A B C
to look like a lost cause. No error the rising cost of living. No error
E D E
20. When Doris Lessing published The Golden Notebook 24. In Angkor, Cambodia’s ancient city, a clever
A
in 1962, it instantly established herself as one of designed reservoir, five miles long and one mile wide,
A B C
the most important literary voices of her generation. supplied fish and helped farmers to produce
D B C D
No error three crops of rice annually. No error
E E
21. Not many authors have described the effects 25. Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and uncle
A B
of environmental pollution as effective as flew from Turkey to visit their relatives and tour
C A B
Rachel Carson, whose work is still a model for the United States, Mary invited Sandhya and I to
D C
nature writers. No error her house to meet them. No error
E D E
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104
26. Ongoing research by several scientists suggest that Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
A B essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
regular periods of meditation reduce blood pressure Read the passage and select the best answers for the
C sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve
and are likely to contribute to other improvements sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
D to consider organization and development. In choosing
in health. No error English.
E
27. Because the American Indian rodeo includes games
(1) No one owns Antarctica. (2) The nations of
the world agreed— some of them reluctantly— that all
and exhibitions developed as early as the seventeenth countries would share the continent for the purposes of
A scientific research. (3) Governed by the Antarctic Treaty,
century, they predate by a few hundred years written in 1959 and adopted in 1961, which has been
signed by 27 countries. (4) Another 17 countries have
B C agreed to abide by the treaty in order to participate in
the form of rodeo now seen on television. No error research being done in Antarctica.
D E (5) In Antarctica, relations among the researchers and
their countries are both simpler and more complicated than
in the rest of the world. (6) Relations are simpler because
28. Five years in the writing , her new book is each country has only a few scientists on this isolated
A continent. (7) Treaty clauses assure that the research there
both a response to her critics’ mistrust with is nonmilitary. (8) On the other hand, when conflicts do
arise, there is no clear process for dealing with them.
B C
(9) Decisions that can make or break the preservation
her earlier findings and an elaboration of her of Antarctica’s unique environment and its scientific
D opportunities depend on a political system designed to
have nobody in command.
original thesis. No error (10) Clear decision making has become a more urgent
E challenge as more tourists are attracted to Antarctica.
(11) Scientists living on Antarctica were not always as
29. Despite its cultural importance, the Daily Gazette careful to preserve the pristine environment as they are
now. (12) Tour operators are working with treaty members
A to devise regulations, and there are plans to assess the
lost 70 percent of its subscribers since 1920 and, environmental impacts of tours. (13) But regulations
B and assessment plans may prove difficult to settle on
and enforce in a place where jurisdiction is unclear.
by 1955, was losing as much as $200,000 a year.
C D 30. What must be done to sentence 3 ?
No error (A) Combine it with sentence 2, putting a comma
E after “research”.
(B) Begin it with the words “Antarctica is”.
(C) Replace the comma after “1961” with a
semicolon.
(D) Place the words “it was” before “written”.
(E) Change “1961, which” to “1961. It”.
-26-
105
31. What should be done with sentence 7 ? 34. Which sentence should be deleted?
(A) Change “assure” to “make sure”. (A) 1
(B) Change “Treaty clauses” to “The clauses agreed (B) 2
to by the diverse countries represented there”. (C) 11
(C) Place sentence 7 before sentence 6. (D) 12
(D) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing (E) 13
the period after “continent” to a comma.
(E) Combine sentence 7 with sentence 6 by changing 35. The third paragraph would be improved if which of the
“continent. Treaty” to “continent and also following sentences were added?
because treaty”.
(A) Scientists collect ice cores by driving a hollow
tube deep into the miles-thick ice sheets.
32. In context, which is the best revision of the underlined
(B) If the West Antarctic ice sheet melted,
portion of sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?
global seas would rise by 15 to 20 feet.
Decisions that can make or break the preser- (C) It is the driest place in the world, yet it contains
vation of Antarctica’s unique environment and 70 percent of Earth’s freshwater.
its scientific opportunities depend on a political system (D) One cruise ship encountered 30-foot waves all the
designed to have nobody in command. way across the Drake Passage.
(E) Last year, more than 10,000 tourists visited
(A) create or destroy
Antarctica, bringing soiled boots, climbing gear,
(B) support or dispute
and trash to many locations.
(C) be determined by
(D) be critical to
(E) be an adjustment to
33. The purpose of the second paragraph is to

(A) present a situation that has contradictory elements
(B) offer a solution to a problem discussed in the first
paragraph
(C) present an argument and its final resolution
(D) examine a theory in light of new discoveries
(E) discuss a theory that will be refuted in the third
paragraph
STOP
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106
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
3. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about six

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness million people crowded onto the beach and into the
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence amusements at Coney Island, “America’s Playground,”
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of in Brooklyn, New York.
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947,
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 that
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947
one of the other choices. was when
(D) The Fourth of July weekend in 1947,
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (E) Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, weekend,
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or 4. Because fiscal problems will force some cities to lay
ambiguity. off firefighters, and so the state legislature must decide
whether to provide those cities with financial aid.
EXAMPLE: (A) firefighters, and so
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (B) firefighters is a matter
and she was sixty-five years old then. (C) firefighters,
(D) firefighters; then
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (E) firefighters; this is a problem
(C) at age sixty-five years old 5. A recently published history of comic books reveal that
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years Batman was begun as an experiment but became an
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five institution.
(A) recently published history of comic books reveal
that Batman was begun as an experiment
1. The Amazon River carries more water than the water (B) recently published history of comic books reveals
carried in any of the world’s other rivers. that Batman began as an experiment
(A) the water carried in any of the world’s other rivers (C) recent published history of comic books revealed
(B) the water elsewhere in the world’s rivers that Batman, who began as an experiment
(C) any other river in the world (D) history of comic books, recently published,
(D) all rivers in the world revealing Batman first began as an experiment
(E) any of the world’s rivers elsewhere (E) history of comic books having been recently
published, it reveals how Batman began as an
experiment
2. The owners of stadiums that bear the names of now
bankrupt companies have a problem what to do about
the names.
(A) what to do about the names
(B) what they should do about the names
(C) deciding what to do about those names
(D) to decide as to whether the names should stay
(E) should they change those names or not
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107
6. A discovery in New Jersey actually contributed to the 10. Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United States,
early economic development of America and, in 1714, its adobe architecture, spectacular setting, and clear,
a worker uncovered a green rock containing copper. radiant light have long made it a magnet for artists.
(A) America and, in 1714, a worker uncovered (A) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United
(B) America when, in 1714, a worker uncovered States, its
(C) America, thus, in 1714, a worker uncovered (B) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the
(D) America, that being a worker in 1714 uncovering United States, its
(E) America, it was in 1714 a worker uncovered (C) Santa Fe, which is one of the oldest cities in the
United States, has
7. Selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1990, over (D) Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in the United
719 hours in space were spent by Dr. Ellen Ochoa States; its
on three flights by 2001. (E) Santa Fe, one of the oldest cities in the United
States, and its
(A) over 719 hours in space were spent by
Dr. Ellen Ochoa on three flights by 2001
11. Dime novels, known in nineteenth-century England
(B) by 2001, and on three flights, Dr. Ellen Ochoa
as “penny dreadfuls,” flourished because increased
spent over 719 hours in space
mechanization of printing and increased literacy rates
(C) three flights and 719 hours were spent by
made production of large numbers of these books
Dr. Ellen Ochoa in space by 2001
profitable.
(D) Dr. Ellen Ochoa, by 2001 spending over
719 hours in space on three flights (A) and increased literacy rates made
(E) Dr. Ellen Ochoa had spent over 719 hours (B) with increased literacy rates also made
in space on three flights by 2001 (C) and also literacy rates increased and made
(D) as well as increased literacy rates, making
8. The old maxim “Let the buyer beware” suggests that as (E) and literacy rates increased, making
a buyer we are responsible for inspecting merchandise
for flaws before paying for it. 12. Frequently on tour, a band called the Chieftains
revered internationally as spirited performers of
(A) as a buyer we are responsible
traditional Irish music.
(B) as a buyer it is their responsibility
(C) the buyer is the responsible one (A) revered internationally as spirited performers
(D) buyers are responsible (B) revered internationally and they are spirited
(E) buyers are to be the ones responsible performers
(C) is revered internationally for its spirited
9. The same analysts who once favored public-opinion performances
polls now see them as hampering representative (D) is revered internationally as giving spirited
government. performances
(E) are revered internationally as being spirited
(A) The same analysts who once favored public- performers
opinion polls now see them
(B) The same analysts which were once in favor of
public-opinion polls now have come to see them
(C) Public-opinion polls, once favored by
analysts, but now seen by these same analysts
(D) As for favoring public-opinion polls, the same
analysts now see them
(E) Analysts once were in favor of public-opinion
polls, which these same analysts now see
-48-
108
13. Psychologists advise that before making any major 14. Some beaches are frequently contaminated by
changes in your life, a person needs to focus on one’s untreated sewage that flows into the ocean, which can
goals. last for several days.
(A) your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals (A) ocean, which can last for several days
(B) their life, a person needs to focus on their goals (B) ocean that can last for several days
(C) their lives, focus on the goals (C) ocean, it can last for several days
(D) one’s life, you should focus on your goals (D) ocean, while contamination can last several days
(E) their lives, people should focus on their goals (E) ocean; the contamination can last for several days
STOP
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109
Critical Reading
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.
1. E 1 13. A 3 1. D 1 13. C 3 1. B 1 11. C 3
2. C 1 14. B 4 2. D 1 14. E 3 2. D 2 12. B 3
3. A 4 15. B 3 3. A 2 15. C 3 3. E 3 13. B 3
4. E 2 16. D 1 4. C 5 16. C 3 4. D 3 14. A 2
5. D 4 17. C 3 5. B 5 17. D 2 5. E 5 15. E 3
6. E 4 18. E 5 6. E 3 18. D 2 6. D 5 16. D 2
7. B 5 19. A 3 7. B 1 19. E 4 7. A 3 17. C 4
8. A 5 20. B 4 8. C 4 20. E 5 8. C 3 18. C 3
9. C 3 21. A 4 9. A 5 21. A 4 9. D 3 19. E 3
10. C 2 22. B 2 10. B 3 22. D 3 10. D 3
11. A 2 23. D 3 11. B 5 23. B 3
12. E 1 24. B 3 12. A 3 24. E 3
Math
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. Multiple-Choice Student-Produced COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. Questions Response Questions ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. D 1 11. E 3 COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. 1. A 1 9. C 3
2. B 1 12. E 2 ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. 2. B 1 10. A 3
3. D 1 13. E 3 1. A 1 9. 12 1 3. D 1 11. D 3
4. C 1 14. A 4 2. C 1 10. 2 2 4. C 1 12. E 4
5. B 2 15. A 4 3. B 2 11. 120 < x < 125 2 5. C 3 13. B 4
6. A 2 16. B 4 4. B 2 12. 2035 3 6. A 2 14. C 4
7. A 2 17. B 5 5. A 3 13. 5 3 7. D 3 15. C 5
8. C 3 18. D 4 6. E 5 14. 89 3 8. E 3 16. E 5
9. C 3 19. C 5 7. E 4 15. 13/2 or 6.5 4
10. D 2 20. D 5 8. A 4 16. 5/9, .555 or .556 4
17. 700 5
18. 120 4

(9-18)
Writing
COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF. COR. DIFF.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
1. D 1 10. E 3 19. E 3 28. C 5 1. C 1 6. B 2 11. A 3
2. C 1 11. C 3 20. A 3 29. B 5 2. C 1 7. E 1 12. C 4
3. A 1 12. B 1 21. C 3 30. B 3 3. A 1 8. D 3 13. E 5
4. E 1 13. E 3 22. B 3 31. E 3 4. C 2 9. A 3 14. E 5
5. C 1 14. C 2 23. B 3 32. D 3 5. B 1 10. D 3
6. B 1 15. C 2 24. A 3 33. A 3
7. E 2 16. E 3 25. C 4 34. C 4
8. C 2 17. C 3 26. B 3 35. E 3
9. A 2 18. B 3 27. B 4
Number incorrect Number incorrect
Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest).
-52-
110
SECTION 6
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. At lunchtime, Kevin paid for Anita’s hamburger; the

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness reason is because he owed her money.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) hamburger; the reason is because he owed
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) hamburger; this was because he owed
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) hamburger, in that he owed
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) hamburger because he owed
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (E) hamburger because of owing
3. Reading poetry aloud usually helps me understand it
better.
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. (A) Reading poetry aloud
Your selection should result in the most effective (B) Poetry, read aloud,
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or (C) To read poetry aloud, this
ambiguity. (D) If one reads poetry aloud it
(E) I read poetry aloud, it
EXAMPLE:
4. One of the most beautiful trees in North America, the
chestnut tree brought nearly to extinction by a fungus
during the chestnut blight of 1909.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then
(A) tree brought nearly to extinction by a fungus
(B) tree, which a fungus brought nearly to extinction
(C) tree, but a fungus brought it nearly to extinction
(D) tree was brought nearly to extinction by a fungus
(E) tree, having been brought nearly to extinction by a
fungus
1. It being agreed by world leaders that there should be a 5. A hot-air balloon rises when the air inside it becomes
major organized effort to address poverty, illiteracy, warm, drops when that air cools, and moves sideways
and disease; they then set goals by which progress when blown by the wind.
could be measured.
(A) moves sideways when blown by the wind
(A) It being agreed by world leaders (B) moving sideways when the wind blows
(B) World leaders agreed (C) when the wind blows, the movement is sideways
(C) World leaders who should agree (D) caused to move sideways when blown by
(D) World leaders being in agreement the wind
(E) World leaders, in agreement (E) it is blown by the wind, causing sideways
movement
111
6. The supply clerk was careless in taking inventory, its 9. Professor Brand, who enjoys welcoming international
leading to a shortage of some items and an excess of students to her home on Thanksgiving, served the
others. traditional turkey dressed in Pilgrim clothing.
(A) The supply clerk was careless in taking inventory, (A) served the traditional turkey dressed in Pilgrim
its leading clothing
(B) In taking inventory the supply clerk was careless, (B) served the traditional turkey, dressing in Pilgrim
this carelessness led clothing
(C) The supply clerk was careless in taking inventory (C) serving the traditional turkey and dressed in
and it led Pilgrim clothing
(D) The supply clerk’s carelessness in taking (D) dressed in Pilgrim clothing to serve the traditional
inventory led turkey
(E) The inventory, it was taken carelessly by (E) dressed in Pilgrim clothing and the traditional
the supply clerk, which led turkey was served
7. In 1903, physicist Marie Curie was the first woman to 10. Chop suey originated in the United States, and many
win the Nobel Prize, moreover, in 1911, she became people assume that it was China.
the first person to win it a second time.
(A) and many people assume that it was
(A) physicist Marie Curie was the first woman (B) many people assuming
to win the Nobel prize, moreover, (C) not, as many people assume, in
(B) Marie Curie, a physicist, won the Nobel prize, (D) not what many people assume being
which was the first time a woman won it, then, (E) but many people assume it to be
(C) physicist Marie Curie became the first woman to
win the Nobel Prize; 11. The discrepancy between the richness of Shakespeare’s
(D) Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize for the first time works and how much biographical information is
as a woman who was a physicist, and lacking has not diminished over centuries.
(E) physicist Marie Curie became the first winner of
the Nobel Prize among women, moreover, (A) how much biographical information is lacking
(B) the lacking of much biographical information
8. Sometimes called “the founder of art in Texas,” a (C) the lack of biographical information about
sculpture of William Jennings Bryan was completed Shakespeare
by Elisabet Ney in her Austin studio in 1899. (D) there is a lack of biographical information
(E) Shakespeare’s biography
(A) a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan was
completed by Elisabet Ney in her Austin studio
in 1899
(B) William Jennings Bryan’s sculpture was
completed by Elisabet Ney in her Austin studio
in 1899
(C) in her Austin studio, Elisabet Ney having
completed a sculpture of William Jennings
Bryan in 1899
(D) because a sculpture of William Jennings Bryan
was completed in 1899 in her Austin studio by
Elisabet Ney
(E) Elisabet Ney completed a sculpture of William
Jennings Bryan in her Austin studio in 1899
112
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Our new neighbors are the most sociable people we
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined have ever met , and our chief interests , cooking and
one underlined part that must be changed to make the politics, are similar to them . No error
written English.
16. Katherine felt that she has not had
EXAMPLE: A
The other delegates and him immediately any understanding of the highly intricate workings
A B C B C
accepted the resolution drafted by the of the stock market until her uncle took her to the
D D
New York Stock Exchange. No error
E
E
17. It was fortunate that the police officer arrived quickly

12. Global warming trends, what play a big role in
A
A
because she was the only person at the scene who
the melting of tropical glaciers like those on
B
B
was able to investigate the accident calm and
Mt. Kilimanjaro, may cause many ice caps
C D
C
dispassionately. No error
to vanish within 20 years. No error
E
D E
18. During rehearsals, the director praised the actors
13. Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is a novel
which had supporting roles more often than those

in which the main character becomes so obsessed with
A B C
A B
with the most demanding roles. No error
the idea of becoming a gentleman that his moral
D E
C D
judgment is temporarily affected. No error 19. What becomes apparent from assessing scientific
E A B
accomplishments is that only relatively recently have
14. The candidate called for medical insurance reform,
C
A
the necessary technology been developed for solving
but to me he seemed less interested in
D
the mysteries of genetics. No error
the plight of uninsured citizens than in whether
E
B
enough is registered to vote. No error
C D E
113
20. Because his experience in the naval medical corps had 25. Africa’s Kanem empire, after enduring for over a
A A
been rewarding , Bob applied to medical school after thousand years, is believed to have fallen into decline
B C B C
he was discharged from the navy. No error when trade centers shift outside its boundaries.
D E D
No error
21. Ocean currents that start in the warm waters of the E
Pacific and Indian Oceans are initially low in salt 26. Opposite to most people I know, Annie, a good
A B A
content but become more saline as it flows northward photographer herself , actually enjoys seeing
C D B C
into colder regions. No error the photographs that her friends take on their
E D
vacations. No error
22. Plants grown for their flowers should be treated with E
A B
a low-nitrogen fertilizer because excessive nitrogen 27. My roommate, a drama major, claimed that Ibsen’s
A
promotes the growth of leaves at the expense of plays, unlike Ionesco , are totally conventional in
C D B C
flowers. No error their style. No error
E D E
23. Those who defend sequoia trees from loggers 28. Not very particular in nesting sites , house wrens
A B A B
justified doing so on the grounds that such trees may nest in birdhouses, mailboxes, building
C D C
are irreplaceable. No error crevices—even in the pockets of hanging laundry.
E D
No error
24. Extending along several city blocks are a row of E
A B
ginkgo trees, their leaves turning a brilliant yellow 29. At the reception were the chattering guests, the
C D A B C
now that summer is over. No error three-tiered cake, and the lively music that have
E
become characteristic of many wedding celebrations.
D
No error
E
114
30. In context, which should be added to the beginning of

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an sentence 2 ?
(A) Because it was unknown in Europe and Asia,
Read the passage and select the best answers for the (B) To the astonishment of most people,
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular (C) Until the expeditions of the European explorer,
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve Columbus,
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (D) Moreover, after the years of European exploration
to consider organization and development. In choosing (E) Why chili peppers have turned out to be so
answers, follow the requirements of standard written important is that
English.
31. Which is the best replacement for “ran into”
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage. in sentence 3 ?
(A) encountered
(1) History is the study not only of cataclysmic events (B) met up with
but also of seemingly insignificant things, like the chili (C) observed
pepper. (D) confronted
(2) The chili pepper was known only in the Americas. (E) got hold of
(3) When Columbus ran into the chili pepper, he mistakenly
thought it was related to black pepper, which was widely 32. Of the following, which is the best revision for the
traded in Europe. (4) Once Columbus introduced the chili underlined part of sentence 5 (reproduced below) ?
pepper to Europe, it spread quickly throughout Europe and
Asia. The introduction of the chili pepper had a tremendous
(5) The introduction of the chili pepper had a impact on the balance of power among the European
tremendous impact on the balance of power among the countries that were already involved in the black
European countries that were already involved in the black pepper trade, and, what was even larger in scope, on
pepper trade, and, what was even larger in scope, on Asian Asian and European cultures.
and European cultures. (6) Before the discovery of chili (A) trade, not to mention on
pepper, black pepper was considered so valuable that it was (B) trade, but also
the focus of international rivalry. (7) Egypt and the Italian (C) trade, an impact also on
city-states, Venice and Genoa, wanted to retain exclusive (D) trade; it also was affecting
control of the black pepper trade and the economic power (E) trade, and they also affected
that went along with it.
(8) Spain’s explorers went to sea, and one reason for it 33. Which of the following would most improve the third
was black pepper. (9) They wanted to get it by bypassing paragraph (sentences 5-7) ?
the trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians. (10) But
instead of black pepper, they found the chili pepper and (A) A more detailed discussion of how the
discovered that it had many advantages over black pepper. introduction of the chili pepper influenced Asian
(11) Among them was that it was a lot easier to grow than and European cultures
black pepper: it could grow in cool regions as well as hot (B) An account of earlier attempts to take control of
ones. the black pepper trade away from Egypt and the
Italian city-states
(C) More information about how black pepper came
to be so expensive
(D) A list of the countries that were affected by the
introduction of the chili pepper
(E) A comparison of the price of black pepper in
different countries in Europe during the
Middle Ages
115
34. In context, which is the best way to combine 35. Which is the best sentence to put after sentence 11 ?
sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced below) ?
(A) In the United States you can even grow chili
Spain’s explorers went to sea, and one reason for it peppers in northern states like Minnesota.
was black pepper. They wanted to get it by bypassing (B) Suddenly, there was a hardy alternative to black
the trade route controlled by the Arabs and Italians. pepper.
(C) In the end, the Europeans never found a passage
(A) Spain’s explorers went to sea, and one reason for
to the spice countries through the American
that was they wanted to bypass the trade route
continents.
controlled by the Arabs and Italians for black
(D) Black pepper is still popular today, and much less
pepper.
expensive than it was a few centuries ago.
(B) Spain’s explorers went to sea, one reason for this
(E) The majority of peppers are grown and consumed
was to find black pepper, bypassing the trade
in Mexico and Latin America.
route controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
(C) For black pepper, Spain’s explorers went to sea,
one reason for which was to bypass the trade
route controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
(D) Because the Arabs and Italians controlled the
trade route of black pepper, Spain’s explorers
went to sea as a bypass.
(E) One reason that Spain’s explorers went to sea was
to get black pepper by bypassing the trade route
controlled by the Arabs and Italians.
STOP
116
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. Our modern solar calendar, established in 1582, is

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness based on the Julian calendar, Julius Caesar introduced
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence it in 46 B.C.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) calendar, Julius Caesar introduced it
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) calendar, which is what was introduced by Julius
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence Caesar
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) calendar; then Julius Caesar introduced it
one of the other choices. (D) calendar, with an introduction by Julius Caesar
(E) calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. 3. While describing his first attempt to learn surfing,
Your selection should result in the most effective Jamal would be pleased by the interest his classmates
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or were showing.
ambiguity. (A) While describing his first attempt to learn surfing,
Jamal would be pleased
EXAMPLE: (B) As he was describing his first attempt to learn
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book surfing, Jamal was pleased
and she was sixty-five years old then. (C) Jamal, describing his first attempt to learn surfing,
he was pleased
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (D) When he described his first attempt to learn
(B) when she was sixty-five surfing, Jamal, pleased
(C) at age sixty-five years old (E) At the same time when he described his first
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years attempt to learn surfing, Jamal was pleased
4. Josephine Baker (1906-1975), one of the most versatile
performers of the twentieth century, and who acquired
1. Known by millions for both his recordings and his fame as a dancer, singer, Broadway actress, and movie
roles in Hollywood movies, and Frank Sinatra was star.
dubbed one of the most famous “crooners” in show (A) and who acquired
business. (B) she has acquired
(A) movies, and Frank Sinatra (C) and she has acquired
(B) movies, Frank Sinatra (D) and who is acquiring
(C) movies; therefore, Frank Sinatra (E) acquired
(D) movies; so it was Frank Sinatra who
(E) movies, Frank Sinatra who
117
5. In a nearby resort community fewer accidents have 9. In the eighteenth century, the English emphasis on the
been reported and the number of speeding tickets study of Greek and Latin allowed it to produce some
to be issued have decreased since speed bumps fine poetry written in classical verse forms.
were installed.
(A) the English emphasis on the study of Greek and
(A) to be issued have decreased Latin allowed it
(B) issued have been on the decrease (B) by emphasizing the study of Greek and Latin, this
(C) issued has decreased allowed England
(D) that were issued have now decreased (C) English emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin
(E) issued decreasing allowed them
(D) an emphasis in England on the study of Greek
6. Having millions of gallons of freshwater underground, and Latin allowed them
Florida environmentalists work to educate the public (E) an emphasis on the study of Greek and Latin
on the dangers of ground pollution. allowed the English
(A) Having millions of gallons of freshwater
10. As a child growing up on a farm, my sister and
(B) Because millions of gallons of freshwater are
I visited many county fairs, where my parents would
(C) Because of freshwater in the millions of gallons
exhibit their prize livestock.
(D) By considering that there are millions of gallons
of freshwater (A) As a child growing up on a farm
(E) Awareness of the millions of gallons of freshwater (B) A child who grew up on a farm
(C) Farm children and growing up
7. Because the meteorite Ahnighito, the centerpiece of the (D) Growing up on a farm
Hall of Meteorites, weigh 34 tons, supports for it go (E) Since growing up on a farm
through the floor and foundation down to the bedrock
beneath the museum. 11. Bertha Lamme received her engineering degree in
1893, which she then specialized professionally in the
(A) weigh 34 tons, supports for it
design of motors and generators.
(B) weighs 34 tons, its supports
(C) weighs 34 tons, and it has supports that (A) 1893, which she then specialized professionally
(D) weighs 34 tons, supports are there for it, and they (B) 1893, specializing as her profession
(E) weigh 34 tons, their supports (C) 1893 and, as a professional, specialized
(D) 1893, then, for a profession, specializes
8. Watermelons have been cultivated for more than (E) 1893, she has specialized as a professional
4,000 years, and whereby thumping them to test
for ripeness has an equally long history. 12. Even minor usage and spelling errors make the reading
task harder and can cause readers to suspect that the
(A) and whereby thumping them
content of the document is also flawed.
(B) whereby thumping them
(C) because thumping them (A) make the reading task harder and can cause
(D) thumping them as a way readers to suspect
(E) and thumping them (B) makes the reading task harder and causes readers
to suspect
(C) make reading hard and makes readers suspicious
(D) will make the task of reading hard, it thus can
cause readers to suspect
(E) will have made the reading hard, which means
that readers suspect
118
13. The name “transferware” comes from a nineteenth- 14. Prized for their brilliance and durability, people will
century technique for which a pattern is engraved onto spend thousands of dollars on high-quality diamonds.
a copper roll, printed on tissue paper, and transferred
(A) Prized for their brilliance and durability, people
onto earthenware dishes.
will spend thousands of dollars on high-quality
(A) comes from a nineteenth-century technique diamonds.
for which (B) Prized for their brilliance and durability,
(B) comes from a nineteenth-century technique thousands of dollars are spent by people on high-
according to which quality diamonds.
(C) comes from a nineteenth-century technique (C) Prizing them for their brilliance as well as their
whereby durability, thousands of dollars can be spent by
(D) is a nineteenth-century technique wherein people on high-quality diamonds.
(E) means it is a nineteenth-century technique (D) Prizing the brilliance and durability of high-
by which quality diamonds, people will spend thousands
of dollars for them.
(E) Prizing high-quality diamonds for their brilliance
and durability are what makes people spend
thousands of dollars for them.
STOP
119
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6 (ii- 6
.t
if"$}
•
SECTION 6
Time - 25 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section. select the best answer from among the choices given and fi ll in the correspondi ng
2, The depths of the Arctic Ocean are hard to study.

The following sentences lest correctness and effectiveness mainly because the icy surface is being difficult
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence to penetrate using current techniques.
is underlined; beneath each semence are five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) to slUdy, mainly because the icy surface
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If is being
you think the original phrasing produces a bener sentence (B) to study as a result of the icy surface.
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if nOI. select mainly. is
one of the other choices. (C) to study. mainly because the icy surface is
(D) studying, mainly from the icy surface being
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (E) slUdying, mainly resulting from the icy surface
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar, being
Your selection should result in the most effective 3, Several of the forest fires that occurred last summer
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or which were because people are careless.
ambiguity.
(A) which were because people are careless
EXAMPLE: (B) were caused by human carelessness
(C) because people are careless
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (D) are because of human carelessness
and she was six.ty-five years old then.
(E) happened from people being careless
(B) when she was sixty-five 4. Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted
(C) at age sixty-five years old theory of physics when she showed that identical
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years nuclear particles do not always act ali ke.
(A) has disproved
0 e ®®lI: (B) having disproved
(C) disproved
(D) disproves
L A recent repon indicates that sleep-deprived drivers
(E) disproving
caused more than 100,000 accidents last year. they fall
asleep at the wheel.
5. We generally think of Canada as the northern neighbor
(A) year, they fall of the United SlineS. and more than half of the Slates
(B) year, and they fall !dJroQ farther north than Canada's southernmost point.
(C) year by falling
(A) States, and more than half of the states extend
(D) year and falling
(B) States, and it is the case that more than half of the
(E) year, they were falling
states extend
(e) States, but more than half of the states extending
(D) States, whereas more than half of the states are
extending
(E) States: however, more than half of the states
extend
407
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6. The three volumes of memoirs by Wale Soyinka ~ 9. A review of the composer's new symphony called il
with his childhood in a Nigerian yjllage and culminate confusing because of its unusual structyre. and its
wit h his years at the University of Ibadan. one of the melodious final movemcDI makes it eleu;ant.
best universities in West Africa.
CA) structure, and its melodious fi nal movement
(A) begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village and makes it elegant
culminate (8) structure, although elegant by having its
( B) that begin with his childhood in a Nigerian village melodious final movement
and culminate (C) structure, and it is elegant with its melodious fin31
(C) have begun with his childhood in a Nigerian movement
village and culminating (D) structure while having a melodious final
(D) beginning with his childhood in a Nigerian village movement that made it elegant
and culminating (E) structure but elegant because of its melodious
(E) are begun as a child in a Nigerian village and final movement
culminate
10. By buildinu; new windmill famlS, consumoljon of fossil
7. Pressed in a crisp. clean uniform. it reflected the fuels arc reduced. and Ions of carbon dioxide emissions
cfficjcO! ma nner of the IQur i:uide as she distributed ~ out of the atmosphere,
maps for a walking tour of central Canberra.
(A) By building new windmill fanns, consumption of
(A) Dressed in a crisp, clean unifonn. it reflected fossil fuels are reduced, and Ions of carbon
the efficient manner of the lour guide dioxide emissions are kept
(8 ) Dressed in a crisp. clean unifonn. the efficient (B) By building new windmill fanns. it reduces
manner of the tour guide was rcnected consumption of fossil fuels, and Ions of carbon
(e) Dressed in a c risp. clean uniform that renected dioxide emissions are kept
the efficient manner of the tour guide (C) Building new windmill fanns reduces fossil fuel
(D) The c risp. clean uniform ofthc tour guide consumption and keeps Ions of carbon dioxide
rcnectcd her efficient manner emissions
(E) The crisp. clean uniform of the tour guide. (D) When new windmill fanns are built. they reduce
a renection of her efficient manner fossil fuel consumption, and it keeps (Qns of
carbon dioxide emissions
8. A cure for some kinds of cancer. scientists believe. (E) New windmill farms. when buill. reduce fossil
.IlliI;t...I;!I found within the next decade. fuel consumption, and also tons of carbon
dioxide emissions are kepi
(A) scientists believe. may be
(B) scientists believe they may be
II. The famous battle depicted in the film Bral'ehean took
(e) being maybe. in the belief of some scieDlists.
place in northern England, and many people assyme
(D) there are some scientists who bel ieve it may be
tbat it was the Scottish Highlands.
(E) which, some scieDlists believe, may be
CA) and many people assume that it was
(B) many people assuming
(e) but many people assume illo be
(D) not whal many people assume
(E) not. as many people assume. in
IGO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE>
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6
The follow ing sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Jerome often referred ~ art history textbooks
than o ne crrQI:. The error. if there is one, is underlined" while he was scul pting; whenever he learned
and [cuefed. If the sentence contains an error, select the B
onc underlined pan that must be changed to make the
a new method in art class, he seeks out the work
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard C
written English. of sculptors who had used it in the past. No error
D E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 16. As he 'eagerly awaited the interview for the job,
ABC A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the Miguel thought it wise suppressing his nervousness
D C D
nCUIral slates. No error
and to display a calm he did not fee l. No error
E
E
17. According to educational statistics, the average

A
12. Interested in studying insects and their effect s
A age of college students has risen quite noticeable
B C
on agriculture. Larissa and Tariq plan to become
B over the past 25 years. No error
D E
an cmomoiogist and then return to help the
C D
18. Neither the koala bear 2!" the red panda belongs to the
fanners in their small town. No error
A B
E
bear family; the koala is a marsupial, and the red panda
13. From about A.D. 700 to 1600. sculptors created

A B is thought to be related to the raccoon. No error
nearly 1.000 colossal rock statues on C D E
C
19. Before boardi ng, passengers must purchase
the remote and tiny Easter Island. No error
A B
D E
his or her tickets in the main concourse of
C
14. Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly badly
the bus terminal because tickets are not sold
A
as it baked, the food science teacher came over to ask D
on the bus. No error
E
us what we had put in it . No error
B C D E
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEl
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6 6 Unauthorized eopying or _
any part of !his page is illegal
of
6 6
20. According to some demographers. the number of 25. As their brai ns mature neurologically. infants
A A B
United States citizens aged 6S or older is likely become more capable to di st inguish the shapes and
B C C
to rise to 87 million by 2050. No error textures of the objects around them. No error
o E o E
21. When they were asked to compare Nonnan 26. Home of the world's largest chocolale-manufaclUring
A A
RockweWs paintings to painter Robert Rauschcnberg. plant. Hershey. Pennsylvania. was originally known as
B B
the students entered into a prolonged discussion Derry Church. but its name was changed in 1906
C o
about the representation of reality in an. Noerror to honor one of their most famous residents.
E C o
No error
22. Contrary to what many people believe, heat lightning E
A
is not lightning caused by heal; it is ordinary lightning 27. The valuable stringed instruments in this display.
B A
that occurs at 100 great a distance for its accompanying all more than 300 years old. were carefully crafted
C B
thunder to be audible. No error by artisans famous in their day but long since
o E C 0
forgonen. No error
23. The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish. E
each tmiled by a poison thread, is released when 28. The regularly schedu led conference between my tutor
ABC D A
thc animal is threatened. No error and me is set for Friday. but my low grades in
E B C
chemistry requires me to arrange an earlier meeting.
24. The derelict old house across from the warehouses o
A No error
and the even more decrepit onc just beside them E
B C
have been placed on the list of historic Ilmdmarks. 29. There is probably no story more dramatic
o A B C
No error than baseball's great hitler and right fielder.
E o
Hank Aaron. No error
E
4 10
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any part oIlhis page ill ilegal
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6
3 1. Whic h of the following sentences. if inserted
Directions: The following pa~"age is an early draft of an immediately after sentence 3. would most effectively
essay. Some parts of the pas~age need to be rew ri tten. link sentences 3 and 4 ?
Read thc passage and selccl lhc beSI answers for the (A) These walls were built by laborers known as
questions that fo llow. Some ([ul!slions arc about particular "scrfs:'
sentences or parts of senlcncc ~ ,md ask you to improve (B) DraWbridges had been in use since ancient times.
sentence slruclUre or word ch,)icc. Other questions ask you (C) Those who defied such obstacles did so at their
to consider organization and ,J,,:-ve1opmem. In choosing peril.
answers, follow the requiren cots of standard written (D) Under feudalism. all land was considered property
English. of the king.
(E) Still. not all visi tors came wi th hostile intentions.
Q uestio ns 30-35 refe r to the following passage.
32. In conteltt, which of the following is the best way
(I) A castle is not the same thing as a palace, though to combine sentences 6 and 7 (re produced below) ?
some people use the tenns "castle" and "palace" III royal palaces there were to befOl/lld mallY cumforts
interchangeably. (2) Castles are fortified dwellings. buill that medicI'al castles dill /lot offer. These had dark
by feudal lords of the Middle Ages. (3) Their slone walls. dUllgeolls alld damp, drafty lil'il18 quarters illstead.
moats, iron gates, and drawbridges were designed to ward
off marauding plunderers and hostile armies. (4) Small (A) Because medieval castles had dark dungeons
windows in castle walls allowed archers to shoot at and damp. drafty living quaners. royal palaces
intruders from positions of comparative safety. (5) But offered many more comfons than could be
even welcomed guests would have found castles less than found there.
inviting. (6) In royal palaces there were to be found many (8) Lacking many comforts compared to royal
comforts that medieval castles did not offer. (7) These had palaces. medieval castles instead offered dark
dark du ngeons and damp. drafty living quarters instead. dungeons and damp. drafty living quaners.
(8) Though castles were made obsolete by the invention (C) While medieval Cll.~tl es offered o nly dark
of the cannon in the fourteenth century. many survive dungeons and damp. drafty living quaners.
to the present day as fascinating relics of a bygone era. many comforts were to be found in royal
(9) These structures. which were designed to keep people palaces.
at a distance. now attract visitors from all over the world. (D) Unlike medieval castles. royal palaces offered
( 10) There are scores of medieval castles located many comforts not found in dark dungeons and
damp. drafty living quarters.
throughout Europe. (1 t ) Some. like Eilean Donan Castle
(E) With their dark dungeons and damp. drafty living
and the Chateau de Chambonneau. are well·maintained
quarters, medieval castles offered few of the
tourist attractions. ( 12) In one Welsh village. the decaying
comforts to be found in royal palaces.
remnants of a castle sit beside cozy brick houses on an
ordinary street.
33. Which of the following would most appropriately
be inserted at the beginning of sentence 9 ?
30. Of the follow ing. which would most improve the first
paragraph (sentences 1-7)? (A) Actually.
(B) Basically.
(A) Providing a brief summary of medieval history
(C) Ironically,
(B) Tracing the origin of the word "castle"
(D) By contrast.
(C) Eltplaining more fully what a palace is
(E) In retrospect.
(D) Placing sentence 7 immediately after sentence I
(E) Deleting sentence 3
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEl
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6 \/I!I:J 6
34. Which orlhe following sentences would best be 35. Which orlhe following sentences would most
inserted between sentences II and 12 ? effectively be placed after sentence 12 ?
CA) But not all castles can be considered obsolete. (A) In the final analysis, palaces are actually liule
(B) Elsewhere, the environment may be a factor. more than luxurious castles.
ee) However, many travelers prefer to avoid such (B) There. medieval austerity stands in bold relief
"tourist traps." against a background of modem comfort.
(D) Others crumble away in relative obscurity. (C) The decline oflhe castle's importance as an
(E) Besides, appearances arc often misleading. architectural fonn coincided with the
transformation of medieval society.
(0) In the United States. imposing structures like
Hearst's Castle are not really castles in the
strictest sense of the word.
(E) Eilean Donan Castle was named for a 7th-century
saint who lived as a hennit in the Scottish
Highlands.
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check y our work on th is section only.
412
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(I) 10
SECTION 10
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, selcct the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
2. The watercolors it has on display by the museum

The following semences test correctness and effectiveness represent the era when Japan's emergence from
of expression. Pan of each sentence or the entire sentence feudalism and isolation inspired its artists to
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of explore new themes and techniques.
phrasing the underlined materiaL Choice A repeals the
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) it has on display by the museum represent
you think the original phrasing produces a belter sentence the era when
than any or the alternatives, select choice A; if nol, select (B) that it. the museum, is displaying represents
onc of the other choices. the era of
(e) on display at the museum represent the
In making your selection, follow the requirements of era when
standard wri tten English; that is. pay attention to grammar, (D) displayed a1 the museum representing the
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. era when
Your selection should result in the most effective (E) being displayed at the museum represents
sentence~c1ear and precise, without awkwardness or
the era while
ambiguity.
3. The origins of the Teapot Dome scandal can be traced
EXAMPLE:
to the presidency of T heodore Roosevelt, William
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
(A) can be traced to the presidency of
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (B) can be traced to the presidencies of
(B) when she was sixty-five (C) happened in the presidency of
(C) at age sixty-five years old (D) happening during the presidencies of
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years eE) that happened in the presidency of
(E) aI the time when she was sixty-five
0 . @@~ 4. When Sheila and lucy visited the restaurant, ~
nmiced that the menu had changed and that their
1. There is many challenges associated with starting one's favorite dish was no longer offered.
own business. (A) she noticed that the menu had changed
(A) is many challenges associated (B) she notices that the menu has changed
(8) is many challenges to associate (C) Sheila has noticed the menu changed
(e) is many challenges associating (D) Sheila had noticed the menu changing
(D) are many challenges associated (E) Sheila noticed that the menu had changed
(E) are many challenges which associate
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~10
5. Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, 8. If asked tQ name a musical group with brQad and
the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust lasting appeal, the Beatles would be the chQice for
that crossed the United States in three days and circled many. nQ matter what ki nds Qf music are actually
Ihe globe in two weeks. preferred.
(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused (A) the Beatles wQuld be the chQice for many, no
dust that matter what ki nds of music are actually
(B) Mount Saint Helens' eruption in 1980 caused preferred
dust that (B) the Beatles wi!! be c hosen by many people, no
(C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint matter what kinds of music they actually prefer
Helens (C) the choice for many people, whatever kinds of
(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint music they actually prefer, would be the Beat!es
Helens thai (D) many, whQ ac tually prefe rred different kinds of
(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of music, c hoose the Beatles
Mount Saint Helens and it (E) many people. no matter what kinds Qf music
they actually prefer, would choose the Beatles
6. The new regulations have so complicated the process
of formulating a school budget 10 where no one on the
9. In 1972, to reduce pollution in the Great Lakes, J.i.m.ill
Board of Education is eager to undertake the lask.
havi ng been set by the United States and Canada Qn the
(A) budget to where amount Qf phosphorus that could be discharged into
(B) budget, therefore Lakes Erie and Ontario.
(C) budget. even
(A) limits having been set by the United States and
(D) budget as
Canada
(E) budget that
(B) limits set by the United States and Canada
(C) limits have been set by the United States and
7. The shift from traditional (0 cosmetic dentistry ~
Canada
because adults are ~eltjll~ fewer cavities and becQruin!: (D) the United States and Canada have set limits
mQre vain.
(E) the United States and Canada sel limits
(A) is because adults are getting fewer cavities and
becQming 10. Ruben Blades. already certified as a lawye r in his
(8) is because of adults getting fewer cavities and native country of Panama, supported himself by
their becoming si nging salsa while pursuing an advanced degree in
(C) is caused from adults getting fewer cavities and in intemationallaw at Harvard University,
additiQn become
(A) Blades. already certified as a lawyer
(D) is occurring because adults are getting fewer
(B) Blades, al ready being a certified lawyer
cavities and becQming
(C) Blades, already certified for being a lawyer
(E) occurs because of adults getting fewer cavities
(D) Blades was already certified as a lawyer
and become
(E) Blades is certified as a lawyer already
430
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any part o! this page Is Hleglt
<I) 10
II. The newspaper business in the Uni ted States faces a 13. Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is
challenee. beiDa that it must reconcile the high-minded unknown. experts say that for some people improper
goal of infonnina readers wi th Ihe commercial one of diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the
making money. disease.
(A) challenge, being that it must reconcile the high- (A) exercise contributes
minded goal of informing readers with the (B) exercise. they contribute
commercial one of making money (C) exercise contribute
(B) challenge of it reconciling the high-minded goal (0) exercise. contributing
of informing readers with the commercial one of (E) exercise has been contributing
making money
(e) challenge; as such it must reconcile the high- 14. Acquaintances of Alexei have commented that he is
minded goal of in forming readers with the at once annoying because of his unpredictability
commercial one of making money but his ima~ioa!iQo is slill a delig ht.
(D) challenge because it must reconcile the high-
minded goal of in forming readers with the (A) but his imagination is still a del ight
commercial one of making money (8) alt hough he is delightfully imaginative
(E) cha llenge; since it has the high-minded goal of (C) and he is delightful in his imagination too
informing readers with the commercial one of (0) while being imaginative and they are delighted
making money being reconciled (E) and delightful because of his imagination
12. All species of sea turtles are endangered because Q[

oyerhaaesting. of adults. their e~~s bejne djslUrbed.
and destruc tion of nesting habi tats.
(A) of overharvesting of adults. their eggs being
dislUrbed, and destruction of nesting habitats
(8) of the adults being overharvested. their eggs
disturbed, and destroying nesting habitats
(C) the overharvesting of adults, diSlUroance of their
eggs. and destruction of nesting habitats
(0) the adults are overharvested, their eggs are
disturbed. and their nesling habitats are
destroyed
(E) being overhaaested as adults, their eggs being
disturbed. and destruction of nesting habitats
STOP
431
129
Correct Answers and Difficu lty Levels
Cntl ca l Rc<tlhng
Stel ion 2- Sec ti on 5 Section 9
COR. Dl Ff. COR . Dl FF. COR. OIFF. COR . DlfF. COR. DlFr. COR. OUF.
" NS. LEV. A NS. LEV. ANS. LE V. A NS. LEV. " NS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
I. A I 13. E 4 I. e I 13 D 2 I. B I II. A 4
2. B 3 14. E 2 2. B I 14. D 4 2. C I 12. B 3
3. A 5 15. B 5 3. e I 15. E I 3 B 2 13. D 3
4. D 4 16. C 2 4 A 3 16. E 5 4. E 4 14. A 5
5. C 5 17. A 3 5. D 3 17. B 3 5. B 5 15 D 2
6. D I I'. E 3 6. B 4 I. E 3 6 D 5 16. B 3
7. B 3 19. B 3 7. D 5 19. A 4 7. C 2 . 17. e 3
••9.
10.
C
A
D
3
3
4
20
21.
22.
D
A
E
3
3
4
•
9.
10.
C
A
B
5
4
3
20
21.
22.
D
A
C
3
3
2
••9
10.
C
E
E
2
2
I
I •.
19.
B
E
3
3
II. B 3 23. E 4 I I. E 4 23. E 3

12. C 3 24. C 4 12. C 5 24. E 3
Number correct N umber correct Numbc:rcorrecl
Number incorrect Number in correCt Number incorrect
!\Llthct1l,lIl l~
Sectio n 3 Sec tion 7 Sec lio n 8
C OR. Dlff. CO R. OI FP. Multiple-ChOIce Student-Produced COR . Di FF. CO R. DIFr.
"filS. LEV. AN S. LEV . Qutst ions Res ponse QueSiions "NS. LEV. AN S. LEV.
I. A I II. B 3 COR. Dl FF. COR. DlfF. I. D I 9. B 3
2. E I 12. D 3 "NS. LE V. ANS. LEV. 2. E I 10. B 3
3. B I 13. E 3 I. E I 9. 9 I 3 A I II A 3
4. D 2 14. E 3 2 B I 10. _2 or ]/5 2 4. C 2 12. B 4
5. C I 15. B 3 3. E 2 II. 15 2 5. B I 13. D 3
6 C 2 16. A 3 4. D 2 12. 0<1«1.5 or O<x<J/2 3 6. E 3 14. B 4
7. D 2 17. C 4 5. A 3 13. 6 3 7. A 3 15. E 5
•• D
9. D
2
3
18.
19.
D
A
4
5
6
7.
C
E
3
3
14. 117
15. 2.5 or 5/2
4
3
8. B 3 16. B 4
10. C 2 20. A 5 8. e 5 16. 5940 4

17 90 4
18. 4.2 or 21/5 5

(9-18 )
Number incorrel:t Numbe r incornxt Number incorrect
Writi ng
Sect ion 6 Seclion 10
COR . DI Ff . COR. D I FF. COR. D lFf. COR. Dl Ff. COR. DlfF. COR. UlfF. COR . OI FF.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LE V. AN S. lEV . A NS. LEV. AN S. LE V. ANS. LE V. ANS . LEV.
I C I 10 C 3 19. C 3 28. D 4 I. D I 6. E 3 II D 3
2.
3.
C
B
I
I
II
12.
E
C
5
2
20.
21.
E
B
3
3
29
30.
D
C
5
2
2.
3.
C
B 3
I 7.
8.
D
E
2
3
12.
13
D
C ,
4
4. C I 13. E 2 22. E 3 31 C 3 4. E 2 9. E 3 14. E 5

5. E 2 14. A I 23. C
,
3 32. E 5
2
5. C 3 10. A 3
6.
7.
8.
A
D
A
2
2
3
15.
16.
17.
C
D
C
2
3
3
"
25.
26.
E
C
D
3
4
33
34
35.
C
D
B
3
4
9. E 3 18. A 3 27. E 5
Number correct Number comct
Number ,"correct Number incorrect
NOTE: Difficulty levels ,re eSlim"es of question difliculty for II reference group of collegdXll.md seniors.
Dlfhculty levels range from I (easiest ) to 5 (hardest).
432
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.
CI) 6
:!-:,.
".
SECTION 6
Time - 25 minutes
3S Questions
Directions: For each question in this section. selecllhe best ans .....er from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
2, Sir Ronald Ross. winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize for

The fo llowing sentences test correctness and effectiveness Physiology or Medicine, aDd who jdemified the
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence Anopheles mosquito as the transmitter of human
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of malaria.
original phrasing; the other four choices aTC different. If (A) and who identified
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (8 ) he has identified
than any of the alternatives. select choice A: if not, select (C) and he has identified
one of the other choices. (D) and who is identifying
(E) identified
3. Traveling through Yosemite. the scenery of walerfalls
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. and granite peaks. which we pbotographed. was
beauliful.
ambiguity. (A) the scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks. which
we photographed. was beautiful
EXAMPLE: (B) the waterfalls and granite peaks were the beautiful
scenery we photographed
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her fiPlI book (C) we photographed the beautiful scenery of
and she was sij'ilY-five years old then.
waterfalls and granite peaks
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (D) we photographed the scenery of waterfalls and
(8) when she was sixty-five granite peaks. being beautiful
(C) at age sixty· five years old (E) what we photographed was the beautiful scenery
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years of waterfalls and granite peaks
0 . @®€ 4, The poet Firdawsi composed the Iranian national epic
Shah-nameh in 1010 with his purpose being 10 recount
the history of the Persian kings.
1. Confident that she was fully prepared, Ellen decided to
spend the night before the recital reading and relaxing (A) with his purpose being to recount
but not 10 be practicing. ( B) and his purpose was recounting
(e) 10 recount
(A) but nOI to be practicing
(D) thus recounted
(B) and not for practicing
(E) he recounted
(C) more than to practice
(D) rather than practicing
(E) rather than having practiced
469
131
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S. As a choreographer. Judith JllwiS:QD bas 'D(i~bed the: 8. In the ]OO-yard relay our team impressed the crowd,
wQrld of dance. she uses as her work. 's inspiration with each of the members sh avin~ several seconds off
African American culture. her own best time.
(A) Jamison has enriched the world of dance. she uses (A) of the members shaving
as her work's inspiration (B) of the members had shaved
(8) lamison has enriched the world of dance with (C) of the members was shaving
works inspired by (D) who had been shaving
(C) Jamison. who has enriched the world of dance by (E) who shaved
works whose inspirations are
(D) Jamison. enriching the world of dance. with works 9. BJ':!:l!!.!se: Q( Itll"i[ l!D:iIll;t III I::allil[~!:: Dumbe[S Q[ in~!:;.
inspired by 5:!lWI:: ~j;!ll:: ilT!: Q!.!illJinll: bal b2US<S ill IDl::i[ !:!!Ki:;~anls,
(E) Jamison enriches the world of dance through
(A) Because of their ability to cat large numbers of
works that had the inspiration of
insects, some people are building bat houses in
their backyards.
•• Leslie Marmon Silko has said that her wrhin~, which
Wil~ IlQwl::rfull~ inflll!::DI<!::d. b:~ SIQ[:iI!::Il!::[S ill h!::[ filmi!~
(8) They have the ability to cat large numbers of
insects. so some people arc building bat houses
but that the landscape of her childhood also shaped her
in their backyards.
vision and provided stories.
(C) Because bats can eat large numbers of insects. bat
(A) her writing. which was powerfully influenced by houses are being built in their backyards by
storytellers in her family some people.
(8 ) her writing. powerfully influenced by family (D) Some people are building bat houses in their
storytellers backyards because bats can eat large numbers of
(C) family storytellers powerfully influenced insects.
her writing (E) Bats can eat large numbers of insects. because of
(D) storytellers in the family being powerful this some people arc building bat houses in their
influences on her writing backyards.
(E) powerfully influential in her wrhing was family
storytellers 10. EO[ alllhl::ir lilli:; about ecology. major companies have
so far spent very little to fight pollution.
7. Eilld.ill~ Ihl:: Bl!llimQ[1:: Willl::rfrom [ilSkillllli!llI;, all thaI
(A) For all their talk
thcre was (Q S!:!:: WilS thQIQu&hl:i I::lI,plQred b~ AntQDjQ.
(B) In spite of the fact of their having talked
(A) Finding the Baltimore waterfront fascinating. all (C) Besides their having talked
that there was to see was thoroughly explored by (D) In addition to their talking
Antonio. (E) Although there is talk between one and the other
(B) Antonio found the Baltimore waterfront
fascinating, he thoroughly explored all that there II . The survival of many species of marine life may
was to see. depend on both the enforcement of waste·disposal
(C) Finding the Baltimore waterfront fascinating. regulations and tbl:: !::QI.!!::illi2D Q[ ID!ii pl.!D:1i1< about the
Antonio thoroughly explored all that there was fragility of ocean resources.
to sec.
(A) and the education of the public
(D) The Baltimore waterfront is fascinating and is
(8 ) educating the public
why Antonio thoroughly explored all that there
(C) and the public being educated
was to see.
(D) along with the education of the public
(E) The Baltimore waterfront can be found fasci-
(E) in combination with public education
nating, and this made Antonio explore all that
there was to see.
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The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Unlike Thomas, neither Leslie £!: her younger
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either
A B
a single error or no error at all . No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined brother Philip has an interest in a career in law.
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the C D
one underlined pan that must be changed 10 make the
No error
sentence correct, If the sentence is correct. select choice E.
In choosing answers. follow Ihe requirements of standard E
wriuen English.
16. One subject of Felipe Alfau's second novel. published
EXAMPLE:
A
The other delegates and him immediately more than 40 years after it has been written. is Ihe
ABC B C D
acce pted Ihc resolution drafted by the illusory nature of Ihe passage of time. No error
D E
E 17. Join ing a grassroots movement against inhumane
working conditions. some consumers in the United

12. Hearing Ihe unexpec ted loud noise, Cindy. Leroy. and
A
States have stopped buying products from countries
me were so startled that we almost jumped
A
B C
in which workers are essentially a slave laborer.
oul of our seals. No error
B C D
D E
No error
13. Many admire Louisa May Alcott for her E
18. As the mayor was evaluating Ihe proposed tax. he was

detailed descriptions of nineteenth-century domestic
A
A
less interested in the revenue it would generate than in
life in novels such as Little Women, but few have read
B
B C
whether they would disproportionately affect certain
the lurid thrillers she writes early in her career.
C D
D
lllcome groups. No error
No error
E
E
19. Eating garlic has long been regarded as a means
14. According 10 some critics, the title character of
A B
of warding off malaise. and scientific research
the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex saw himself
A
has shown that it does have some therapeutic
as the savior of his people and believing
C D
B C
value. No error
erroneously that he could do no wrong. No error
E
D E
471
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6 6
20. Although Ihe night shift is fully siaffed, the managers 25. Peter's seemingly effortless fligh ts. achieved through
A A B
always holds us responsible for that shifl's work if the usc of sophisticated technical equipment.
B c
i!. is not finished when we arrive in the morning. continues to delight those who see the play
D c D
oermr Peter Pall. Noerror
E E
21. Members of the Alvin Ailey Dance Company have 26. Mediators were standing by. prepared to intervene in
A A
once again shown how the combination of strength the labor dispute even though both sides had refused
B B C
and being agile can produce beautiful movements. eartier offers for assistance. No error
c D D E
No error
27. According 10 some theorists. what ~ particular bird
E
A B
22. An ne Tyler'S novel The Accidefllaf TOllri$/ fealUres can eat could change with even the slishtest variation
A C D
a character whose obsession wi th saving time and in the shape of its beak. No error
B c E
money are absurd, yct somehow plausible. No error
D E
28. Neither Ms. Perez nor M" Tanaka believes that
A B
23. AI thc conclusion of the novel The Greal GO/sby. watChing as much television as her son Sam does
C
Nick Carraway. a young Midwesterner recently will lead to anything productive. No error
D E
arrived to New York. moodi ly watches Ihe blinking
29. An amateur potter herself. the accounlanl offered
A B c
green light at the tip of Long Island. NOCrrof A
to help the anist with his business accounts, com-
D E
B
24. Despite the effcns of Ihe publicity subcommittee. plicated as they were ~ his unusual system of record
A C D
hardly anyone attended the workshop that had been keeping. No error
B c E
planned so painstakingly. No error
D E
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30. Which of the followi ng is the best version of the
Directions: The fo llowing passage is an early draft of an
underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced below) ?
essay. Some parts of Ihe passage need 10 be rewrinen.
A recelll "ersio" of Shakespeare's Romeo and J uliet
Read the passage and selecllhe best answers for the
drew harsh rel'iews from vllrisfS. the\' are Deoaie who
questions thai follow. Some questions are about panicular fXJlmfilmmakers to follow the original text exactly.
sente nces or parts of sentences and ask you to improve
sente nce struc ture or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) (as it is now)
to consider organization and development. In choosing (8) purists: thcy were people who expected
answers, follow the req uirements of standard wri nen (C) purists in expecting
English. (D) purists. These expected
(E) purists, those who expect
Questions 30·35 8rc based on the following passage. 3 1. In context. which of the following is the best
word to use instead of "ones" in sentcnce 3 ?
(I ) Many cri tics conside r modem film remakes of
classical works dis respectful and a waSle of time and (A) scenes
money. (2) A recent version of Shakespeare's Romeo and (8) instances
Juliet drew harsh reviews from purists. they are people who (C) reviews
expect filmmakers 10 follow the original text exactly. (D) remakes
(3) The only positive o nes expressed relief that Shakespeare (E) sections
was nOt around to fee l the insul!. (4) Wouldn't he be
horrified to see his play open with a gang shoot-out at a gas 32. In context. which of the following is the beSt version of
station? (5) And Cilleless. a remake of Jane Austen's 1815 the underlined portion of sentence 5 (reproduced
novel E/I//I/(I. (6) Imagi ne equating nirtation in a Southern below) ?
California high school with dignified courtship in a And Clueless. q remake of Jane Austen's 1815 now!l
nineteenth-century English country estate. Emma.
(7) I see nothing wrong with creative remakes.
(8) After all. didn't Shakespeare borrow free ly from o ther (A) (As it is now)
writers' plots? (9) For example, his Romeo (Ind illliet is (8) Cilleless is a
borrowed from a myth popularized by the Roman poet (C) Another supposed outrage is Clueless. a
Ovid. (1 0) And as for being insulted. Shakespeare would (D) We can a lso take offense at Clue/ess, a
have starved if he had written only about genteel topics. (E) Yel consider Clueless, which is a
(II) No doubt he would recognize the swaggering
teenagers in the movie, they would be distant relatives of 33. An important Slr:l.tcgy used in the first paragraph is to
his own warri ng characters. (1 2) Auste n will sec traces of (A) elaborate on a view that contrasts with the essay's
her characters in the frivo lous, money-conscious society of argume nt
Cilleless. (13) T he movie's main character is preoccupied (8) use descriptive detail to animate a personal
with appearances. and it would make her feel right at ho me experience
in the England mocked by Austen. (C) proVide a thoughtful, objective analysis of modern
(1 4) The themes of the great classics are ti meless. so we criticism
should not let these works becomc fossils. (0) introduce an unconventionaiapproach 10 writing
fiction
(E) reveal the sense of playfulness implicit in much
fi lm criticism
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34. Which of the following is the best version of the 35. In context, which of the fo llowing is the best way to
underlined portion of sentence 11 (reproduced below) " revise the underlined port ion of sentence 12
(reproduced below) "
No doubt he would recognize the swaggering teenagers
ill the movie. rhe\' would be distalll relatives of his own AI/slen will see traces of her characters ill the
warring characters. frivolous, money-conscious society a/Clueless.
(A) (as it is now) (A) Austen could have seen
(B) movie, they are (8 ) A usten. 100, would see
(C) movie; they were (e) H owever, A usten might have seen
(D) movie for being CD) In addition to this, Austen would see
(E) movie as (E) Li kewise, Austen can see
STOP
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10 (i) Unautho<i~e<I CO!7fing Of 'OOS6 01

any part 01 this pa(ltl is iIIeQal.
SECTION 10
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
Turn to Section 10 (page 7) 01 your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
2. Isabel Allende. the author of The House oflhe Svjdtf

The fo llowing sentences test correctness and effectiveness
currently resides in California. but she was raised in
of expression. Pan of each sentence or the entire sentence
Chile. bcjnl: born in Peru first.
phrasing thc underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) Isabel Atlende, the author of 771e House of the
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If Spirits. currently res ides in California, but she
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence was raised in Chile, being born in Peru first.
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not, select (B) Being raised in Chile. after being born in Peru,
one of the other choices. Isabel Allende, now residing in California, wrote
The HOllse of the Spirits.
In making your selection. follow the requirements of (C) Born in Peru and raised in Chile, Isabel Allende,
standard wrillen English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
the author of The HOllse of the Spirits, now
choice of words. sentence construction, and punctuation. resides in California.
Your sclection should result in the most effective (D) Allhough now in California. Isabel Allende was
sentence-clcar and precise. without awkwardness or
born in Peru and raised in Chile, she is the
ambiguity. author of The House of the Spirits.
(E) Raised in Chile, and now she resides in
EXAMPLE: California, Isabel Allende, a Peruvian, is the
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book author of The House of the Spirits.
and she was si:qy-five years old then.
3. Although women in the Wyoming territory voted as
early as 1869, suffral:e for women throul:hout the
United States not beiol: established unti l ratification of
the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (A) suffrage for women throughout the United States
0 . ®®<!: not being established
(B) suffrage for women throughout the United States
which had not been established
I. Mr. Lee and his grandchildren practiced traditional
(C) suffrage for women throughout the United States
Chinese calligraphy together so that the children ~
was not established
be knowinl: an art cherished by earlier generations of
(D) it did not establish suffrage for women throughout
their family.
the United States
(A) would be knowing (E) throughout the United States, suffrage for women
(B) would know was not being established
(C) will know
(D) were known to 4. Bees muSlleave the safety of the hive 10 forage for
(E) will be knowing food many times a day. they are riskinl: beilw ealen by
any of a multitude of predators.
(A) day, they are risking being eaten
(B) day at the risk of being eaten
(C) day risking them to be eaten
(D) day: the risk is to be eaten
(E) day: likewise. they risk being eaten
I GOONTOTHENEXTPAGEI
491
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(i) 10
5. It took the Museum of Modem Art in New York half a 9. Ibroul:b bis novels Thomas Wolfe reyeals to us both
century of crealive and persistent effort aDd jt acquired the pain and the beauty of his boyhood in the American
the outstanding Picasso cOl!e1:tjQD. South.
(A) and it acquired the outstanding Picasso collection (A) Through his novels Thomas Wolfe reveals to us
(B) before their outstanding Picasso collection being both the pain and
acquired (8) By means of Thomas Wol fe's novels. which
(C) and finally they had an outstanding Picasso reveal to us both the pain and
collection there (C) Not only the pain is revealed to us in Thomas
(D) but finally an outstanding Picasso collection was Wolfe's novels but he a lso describes
acquired al last (D) Thomas Wolfe. through the medium of his novels.
(E) to acquire its outstanding Picasso collection reveals to us bOlh the pain with
(E) As a novelist, Thomas Wolfe thus revealing to us
6. An anis! who explores Mexican cultural themes. the an the pain and
of Maria Elena is world renowned.
10. Because many Szechuan recipes reQuire for one)O
(A) An artist who explores Mexican cultural themes,
cook wi thout there haYing JO be interruptions. it is a
the art of Maria Elena is world renowned.
good idea to measure all ingredients in advance.
(8) To explore Mexican cultural themes. the work of
artist M3na Elena is world-renowned an. (A) Because many Szechuan recipes require for one to
(C) Anist Maria Elena has explored Mexican cultural cook without there having to be interruptions.
themes, the an of which is world renowned. (B) Because many Szechuan recipes require that one
(D) An artist who has explored Mexican cultural cook without interruption.
themes. Maria Elena's an is world renowned. (C) Being that many Szechuan recipes require you to
(E) Maria Elena is a world-renowned anist whose an cook and not be interrupted.
explores Mexican cultural themes. (D) Many Szechuan recipes require thai one cook
without interruption and
7. The prevailing altitude in seventeenth-century England (E) When following many Szechuan recipes it is
was that schools and universities should leach notbin~ advisable for one to cook without interruptions
that would discredit the established re lig ion or the and therefore
authority of kings and magistrates.
II. A mixture of jazz and classical idioms, the music of
(A) shou ld teach nothing that would
Gershwin was more innovative than most of his
(B) should teach nothing thal wi ll
contemporaries.
(C) are to teach nothing that would
(0) should only teach that which wi ll not (A) than most of his contemporaries
(E) shall teach nothing that will (B) than most of his contemporaries were
(C) than were most of his contemporaries
8. During a conference with Pravika's parents. the teacher (D) than that of most of his contemporaries
mentioned that Pravika had demonstrated considerable (E) than most of his contemporaries, as far as music is
ability in math and to learn foreign languages. concerned
(A) considerable ab il ity in math and to learn

12. On October 13. 1955. at the Six Gallery in San
(8) considerable ab ility in math and that she could do
Francisco. Allen Ginsberg read his poem Ho ....l, bein~
it well in Ihe iDau~uratioD of botb a new style in poetry and the
(C) ability that was considerable in malh as well as in Beat movement.
learning
(D) considerable ability in math and in (A) Howl, being Ihe inauguration of both
(E) considerable ability to learn math and in (B) Howl, both inaugurated
(C) Howl, it was the inauguration of both
(D) Howl, whose inauguration ofbolh
(E) Howl, thus inaugurating both
492
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~10
13. Indicating their desire to extend free enterprise. 14. Researchers tend to praise studies that agree with their
Canadians elected a member of the Progressive own conclusions. and it is rare for kindness to be
Conservative Party. Kim Campbell. as Prime Minister ~ to contrary theories.
in 1993.
(A) conclusions, and it is rare for kindness to ~
CA) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive shown
Conservative Party, Kim Campbell, as Prime (B) conclusions, and kindness being rarely shown
Minister (C) conclusions, and they rarely show kindness
(B) Canadians' election of a member of the Pro- (D) conclusions, they are rarely kind
gressive Conservative Party as Prime Minister (E) conclusions, although rarely showing kindness
was Kim Campbell
(C) Kim Campbell of the Progressive Conservative
Party was elected Prime Minister of Canada
(D) the Progressive Conservative Party's
Kim Campbell was elected Prime Minister of
Canadians
(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.
Kim Campbell, was elected by Canadians as
Prime Minister
STOP
493
139
CntlC;)) Readmg
S~(lion 4 Sec tion 7 Section 9
col.Dl ff.
ANS . ...,.
Coa.. DlF'.
...
COR.. ()JfF.
ANS. ...,. COR. DlFF.
MiS. LEV.
COR. bt.F.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. ...,.
CO R. DlfE.
ANS .
I.
2.
C
B
I
I IS.
C
0 ,2 I. 0
2. C 3
I
...
13. B
B ,
2 I.
2.
C
B
2
I
10.
II.
0
E ,
3
,
3. A
B
3
3
16.
17.
E
E
3
3
3. 0
4. E ,
5 IS.
16.
0
C
3
4 ,. 3. A
D
3
4
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13.
C
B
3
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6.
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19.
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3 5
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lB.
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7. A 5 20. B 3 7. B 3 19. B 3 7. C I 16. 0 2
9. •• A
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II. C 3 l4. C 3 II. A 3 23. E 2
12. A 2 2.5. C 3 12 E 3 l4. 0 3
13. B 3
Number com:Ct Number eDu cel N umber OOr«'(:1
Number incorrect Number incorreCt Number incorrttt
,\j ,ll1ll'1lJ.1\ KS
Seclion 2 Section 5 Section 8
COR. Din. COR. DlH. MUlhplc-choice Studeot·Produced COR.D IF'. COII: . Olf',
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. Questions Ruponse Qucnions ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
I. 0 I II 0 2 COR.Ot FF. COR. DlfF. I. B I
•• A 2
2. A
,
3. A
C
5. 0
6. 0
I
I
3
2
2
..
12.
13.
IS
16
A
C
E
B
0
3
3
,
3
3
I.
2.
3
4.
ANS. LEV.
B
E
D
C
I
I
2
2
ANS.
9. 9f2 or 4.5
10. 135
II. 32
12. I, IS, .066 or .067
LtV.
2
3
2
4
2
3.
5. B
6. C
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12.
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13.
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E
B
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4
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,,
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••• ••
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Number Corrttl Number (:orr(:tl Number correct Number tOrrttl

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Number incorr«t Number inCorrttl Number incorrect
Wnung
Seuion 6 Section 10
I.
COil.. Dlff.
ANS. LEV.
D I 10.
COR. DlfF.
ANS. LEV.
A ,, 19.
ANS.
E
...,.
COR. DIFf.
2 28.
COR. DlfF.
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CO R. DlH.
ANS. LEV.
B I 6.
COR. DlFf.
ANS. LEV.
E I II
COR. DlH.
ANS. LEV.
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2. E I II. A 20. B 3 29. E 5 2. C I 7. A 3 12. E 3
,
3. C
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13.
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,
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.,
6.
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9.
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16.
17.
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24.
25.
26.
27.
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C
D
E
3
4
,5
33,
34.
35.
A
E
B ,
3
Number corr~c t Number correct
Number mcorrec t Number moorn:ct
NOTE: Difficulty levels arc estimates of question difficulty for a reference group of college_bound seniors.
Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiesl) to S (ha rdesl).
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6 6
SECTION 6
Time - 25 minutes
35 Questions
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answe r from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
The following sentences leSI correctness and effec tiveness 2. Because of reveatedl)' askiD~ in vain for a
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence comprehensive health-care plan. the employees
is underlined: beneath each sentence are five ways of called in sick as a protest against their employer's
phrasing the underli ned mate rial. Choice A repeats the stubbornness.
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If
(A) Because of repeatedly asking in vain for a
you think the original phrasing produces a better senlence
comprehensive health-care plan,
than any of the alternatives, select choice A: if not, select
(B) After repeatedly asking in vain for a
Olle of the other c hoices.
comprehcnsive health-care plan,
In making your selection, fo llow the requi remen ts of (e) They have repeatedly asked in vain for a
standard written English ; that is. pay attention to grammar, comprehensive heahh-care plan, then
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. ( D) Repeatedly asking in vain for a comprehensive
Your selection should result in the most effective health-care plan, finally
sentence-clear and precise, without aw kwardness or (E) While they repeatedly ask in vain for a
ambiguity. comprehensive health-care plan.
EXAMPLE: 3, In the tennis match Manina Hingis took advantage of

Venus Williams' error and tied the score: however.
Laura Ingalls Wi lder published her first book
Williams [Qu~h t back to take the lead again.
and she was sixty-fi ve years o ld then.
(A) score; however, Wi lliams fought back to ta ke the
lead again
(8) whe n she was sixty-five
( B) score: Wi lliams. though. fought back again took
the lead
(C) score; however, Williams fighting back to take the
lead again
0 . @@~ (D) score. along with Will iams fighting back to take
the lead agai n
I. Norman Rockwell Was an jIlustrator and painter that (E) score; in fact, Wil liams fought back
was able to make a !j vin~ aJ it. to take the lead again
(A) Norman Rockwell was an illustra tor and painter
4. Nursing and physical therapy are an example of
that was able to make a living at it.
health-care fields that have shortages in staffing.
(B) Norman Rockwell was able to make a living as an
illustrator and painter. (A) are an example of heal th-care ficlds that
(C) An illustrator and paintcr, Nonnan Rockwell was (B) are examples of health-care fie lds that
able to make a living at it. (C) are examples where health-care fields
(0 ) Able to make a living from them, Nonnan (D) exemplifies a health-care field that
Rockwell illustrated and painted. (E) exemplify health-care fields where they
(E) By illustrating and painting was how Norman
Rockwell was able to make a living.
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5. Alice Guy Blache. an early filmmaker, introduced 9. Legend3r)' nineteenth-century cndurance rider
close-ups and double exposures. also she set cars on Frank T. Hopkins. who rode an American mustang to
fi re, used rats in special effeclS sequences. and ran film victor)' in 3 3,CX>O-mile race across the Ambi3n Dcscn,
backward. .i.I.lliI. the hero of the Disney movie Hidalgo.
(A) exposures. also she set (A) 3nd
(8) exposures. and also she sets (B) 3nd who has become
(e) exposures. she sct (C) 31so has become
(D) exposures; she also set (D) is
(E) exposures by her setting (E) having been
6. The company maintains computer systems for small to. To introduce itself to 3 wider 3udience.lhe
bysinesses. plus it wj!llDaDa~e their payroll accounts. lillIe-known band sold its CD's cheaply to
enthusiastic fans. who in tum shared the
(A) businesses. plus it wi ll manage music with friends.
(B) businesses. in addition it will manage
(C) businesses and manages (A) sold its CO's cheaply
(0) businesses. and. additionally. they also manage (B) sold their CO's cheaply
(E) businesses. it manages (C) sells its CD's al a low price
(D) priccs their CD's low for to sell
7. Studying dance for many years. practicing difficult (E) will sell its CO's at a che3p price
steps every day, and freQuent perioDDances has
enabled the yQun~ dancer to secure the leading role in II . Twicc as many bird species inhabit Ecuador Min
the spring production. North America.
(A) frequent performances has enabled the young (A) as in
dancer (B) as inhabit
(8 ) frequent performances wou ld have enabled the (C) instead of in
young dancer (D) whcn compared to
(C) frequently performing, the young dancer being (E) than
enabled
( D) frequent performing, these enabled the young
dancer
(E) perfonning frequently enabled the young dancer
8 , Though now one of the most famous abstract artists.

critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique
of splallering paint on canvases.
(A) critics once ri diculed Jackson Pollock
CB) critics once were ridiculing J3ckson Pollock
(C) Jackson Pollock once ridiculed by critics
(D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics
(E) Jackson Pollock. having oncc been ri diculed
by critics
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6 6
The following sentences lest your ability to recognize 14. Mr. Johnson's assumption that a teenager had robbed
a single CITor or no error al all. No sentence contains morc
than one error. The error. if there is one, is underlined his house being unfounded. for the witnesses
and lellered. If the sentence contains an error, select thc A B
one underlined part that must be changed to make thc described the person they had seen neeing
written English. as a woman in her 40s. No error
D E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 15. Waterways dose to land poses challenges
ABC A
accepted Ihc resolution drafted by the to navigation that differ greatly from those
o B C o
posed by the open seas. No error
E E
16. During my most recent trip. I came across

12. Of the hundreds of warm-water coral species,
ABC
a wonderful antique store wandering in
only a few are highl y prized for use in
o
A B
the old quarter of the city. No error
jewelry because of their beauty, luster. and
E
C
they are hard. No error 17. It is difficult to predict what kinds of books will be
o E A B
popular in the years ahead. because tastes change
13. Because of its innovativeness and its effective
A
and topics either gel overexplored and lose their
presentation. Mary's science project received more
C 0
B
relevance. No error
judges' votes at the exhibit than did Jim. Noerror
E
C o E
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6 (1)6
18. As children mature, they develop an independence 22. Famous for their sticky feet. the gecko can run up
A B ABC
that their parents. who have been responsible for them walls and across cei lings as well as hang from a
C D
since they were bom, oflen find difficult to accept. surface by its toes. NO'error
D E
No error
23, Both her work on community service projects and
E
19. Horse psychology, II science thaI investigates he r dedication to learning has gained Ms. Stevens
A B
the reasons for the behavior of horses. help the respect of the entire faculty. No error
A B C D E
trainers both motivate their charges and prevent
C D 24. After the uprising of October 10, 1911. that has led
problems. No error A
E to the establishment of a Chinese republic, many
B
20. To an Iranian. only II salt desert truly merits the nllme Chinese Americans decided to return 10 China in
A C
"desert," for other types of deserts can be sown with hopes of a bright future there. No error
B D E
dates. figs. and pistachios and it can be watered by
25, At the an show, Amy enjoyed looking at her friend
C
sprinklers or by ancient subterranean canals called A
Mark's innovative paintings. which she thought
D
qallalS. No error B
E were more origi nal than the other anisls. No error

C D E
21. Ms. Kovak proudly displayed her research group's
A
most ingenious invention, II vacuum cleaner
B
that empties its own dust bag when
C
pressing a button. No error
D E
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6 6 6
26. Traffic was heavy, so by the time Brianne finally Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
anived at the theater. we waited for he r for an hour, Read the passage and select the best answers for the
A -B- questions that follow . Some questions are about particular
missing the entire first act or the play. No error sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
-C- J) E to consider organization and development. In choosing
27. Although its reputation is not as good as it once was, English.
A B
Questions 30-35 refer to the fOllowing passage-.
the university is still proud of their productive.
C ( I) Seeds of Peace Camp in Otisfield, Maine. is unlike
intelligent graduates. many of whom have gone any other camp in the world. (2) Due 10 the fact of bringing
together tccnagers from opposile sides of conflicts a!l over
the globe. (3) At Seeds of Peace the campers, who have
on 10 earn national recognition. No error been taught to hate the e nemy, learn to see that the enemy
D E has a name and a face. (4) When they learn to get along on
an individual basis. they start to question calling someone
"enemy:'
28. Although familiar to us from representations
(5) During each three-week session. young people who
A B are enemies in their home countries eat and play together,
in ancient art. war chariots are rare museum artifacts share bunkhouses. and cope with the homesickness they
have in common. (6) Guided by specially trained
counselors, the youngsters e ngage in daily. structured
because by the sixth century S.c. they were conversations called "coexistence sessions." (7) These
C conversations are often emotional but therapeutic. (8) The
no longer used in battle. No error campers live side by side from the moment of their arrival.
(9) John Wallach. an award-winning joumalist who
D E covered conflicts in the Middle East for twO decades.
founded Seeds of Peace in 1993. (10) He chose the
29. A volunteerorganizatio n.lhe Covington Soup Kitchen campsite because it is a beautiful natural setting far from
the places of confl ict. (I I) Countries may select their
campers but cannot pay for the camp. ( 12) The camp
has been feeding needy families si nce 1977, annually
remains unaffiliated with any nation. organization. or
A B peace group. (13) It is finan ced by private fund- raising
distributi ng nearly a mi llion pounds of food efforts.
-C- (14) According to Wallach. "If you begin to know
each year. No error your enemy. if you begin to understand your enemy.
it' s inevitable that you will begin 10 feel some empathy:'
D E
(15) He belie\'ed Ihat peace has to stan among the young.
being thaI the hatred of the adults in the campers'
homelands is very deeply ingrained.
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE)
535
145
~ 6
..,
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6 ::. .
;l~;
30. In context. what is the best revision of sentence 2 33. In context, which vcrsion of sentcnces I I and 12 best
(reproduced below)? combines them into a single sentence?
Dlle to the facI of bringill8 lOge/her leenagers from (A) Countries may sclect their campers but cannot pay
opposite sides of conflicts all owr the globe. for the camp, which remains unaffi liated with
any nation. organization. or peace group,
(A) Due to the camp's bringing together teenagers all
(8) Unaffiliated with any nation. organization, or
over the globe from opposite sides of conflicts.
peace group, countries may select their campers
(B) They brought together teenagers from opposite
but cannot pay for the camp.
sides of conflicts from all over the globe.
(C) Countries may select their campers, in addition,
(C) All over the globe, teenagers are brought
they cannot pay for the camp, which remains
logether from opposite sides of conflicts
unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or
by Seeds of Peace Camp.
peace group,
(0) Teenagers are brought together by it from
(D) Countries cannot pay for the camp although they
opposite sides of conflicts all over the globe.
may select their campers, the camp remains
(E) It brings together teenagers from opposite
unaffiliated with any nation, organization, or
sides of conflicts all over the globe.
peace group.
(E) It remains unaffiliated with any nation.
31. Paragraph o ne would best be improved by the
organization, or peace group, and although
addition of
countries may select their campers. they cannot
CA) a q uotation about Ihc beauty of the camp from pay for the camp.
a former camper
( 8) examples of the native coontries of the various 34. Which of the followi ng revisions is most needed
campers • in sentence 15 (reproduced below) ?
(C) the names of chief staff members of the camp
He beliel'ed that peace has to start among the young.
(D) a description of a typ ical day at camp
being tlul/ the hatred of the adults in Ihe campers'
(E ) a reference to other e fforts to promote peace
IW/7/e/tmds is rery deeply ingrained.
32. Where is the best place for sentence 8 ? (A) Insert "Furthemlore" at the beginning.
(8) Add "people" after "young".
(A) (Where it is now) (C) Change "being that" to "since"'.
(8) Aner sentence J (D) Change "adults" to "elders".
(C) At the end of the first paragraph (aftcr sentence 4) (E) Change "is" to "arc",
(D) At the beginning of the second paragraph
(before sentence 5)
35. Which of the following, if placed aftcr sentence 15.
(E) After sentence 15
would be the most effective concluding sentence for
the essay?
(A) Secds of Peace is an outstanding example
of Maine's many summer camps.
(8) There is a great necd for international
understanding and cooperation today.
(C) Only camps like Seeds of Peace make
world peace a reality.
( D) An illlcresting fact is that prospective
campers must undergo a competitive
selection process, including writing
an essay.
(E) Thanks to Wallach's convictions, over
2.000 campers are now helping to sow
the seeds of peacc around the world.
STOP
00 not t urn to any other section in the test.
536
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any part at !~is page is illegal
~10
SECTION JO
Time - 10 minutes
14 Questions
Directions: For each question in this seclion. select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 2. Richard Rodriguez pointed out that Mission San Luis
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence Sey. a Spanish church with an Arabic dome ~en i n~ jts
is underlined: beneath each sentence are five ways of name to hOllor a French kin\:.
phrasing the underlined mmerial. Choice A repeals the
(A) Mission Sail Luis Rey. a Spanish church with
original phrasing: the other four choices 3TC differcm. If
you think the original phrasing produces a beneT sentence an Arabic dome getting its name to hOllor a
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not, select French king
(8) Mission San Luis Rey, a Spanish church with
an Arabic dome. was named in honor of a
In making your selection. follow the requirements of French king
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar. (C) Mission San Luis Rey's being a Spanish church
choice of .....ords, sentence construction, and punctuation. with an Arabic dome got named in honor of
Your selection should result in the most effective a French king
semence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or (D) they named Mission San Luis Rey, a Spanish
ambiguity. church in honor of a French king that had an
Arabic dome
EXAMPLE: (E) the name of Mission San Luis Rey having been
a Spanish church with an Arabic dome honoring
a French king
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then 3, Joan feclin~ tjred and {rumaled. and she was able to
(8) when she was sixty-five finish her painting before the light faded.
(A) loan fee ling tired and frustrated, and
(B) loan felt tired and frustrated,
(E) .lIthe time when she was sixty-five
(e) Allhough Joan felt tired and frustrated,
0 e ®®<t (D) Despite Joan felt tired and frustrated,
(E) Nevenheless. Joan felt tired and frustrated,
I. Wa Nu assured the worrjed members of her ~[Qup thm
thcy would finjsh the project on tjme. 4. Men and women leave the village before sunrise
to hike four miles up steep, precarious trails to
(A) assured the worried members of her group that
they would finish the project on time the forests. 10 be relUmin~ by late afternoon with
(8) assured them of finishing the project on time. the 70-pound loads of firewood on thcir backs.
members of her group were worried (A) forests, to be returning by late afternoon
(C) assured thai the project would be finished on time (8) forests, and it is late afternoon thai they return
to the worried members of her group (C) forests. they return by late afternoon
(D) assuring Ihe worried members of her group that (D) forests and return by late afternoon
they would finish the project on time (E) forests to have returned by late afternoon
(E) assures the worried members of her group. they
would finish the project on time
553
147
10 (I)
S. The Poetry Book Society is an organization in London 8. Buffalo herds, which once thrived in the Great Plains
that provides informatioo and ~uidj\nce for all lovers of Nonh America, trampled vegetation. and fu ture
of contemoorary poetry and ~ivin~ them discounts on plant growth was aided by this by relurning nut rients to
books of poetry. the soil.
(A) provides infonnation and guidance for all lovers (A) and future plant growth was aided by this by
of contemporary poetry and giving them returning nutrients
discounts on books of poetry (B) future plant growth was thereby aided and
(B) provides infonnation, guidance. and the gening nutrients returned
of discounts on books of poetry for all lovers (C) thereby aiding future plant growth by returning
of contemporary poetry nutrients
(C) not only provides information and guidance for (D) thereby an aid to future plant growth returned
lovers of contemporary poetry but also gives nutrients
them discounts on books of poetry (E) but this aided future plant growth and nutrients
(D) has been providing information and guidance for were re turned
lovers of contemporary poetry and were giving
discounts on books of poetry 9. The students criticized the administration for failing
(E) are providing infonnation and guida nce for all either to renovate the old dormitories nor replace them
lovers of contemporary poetry and having with new buildings.
given them discounts on books of poetry
(A) nor replace
(B) nor replacing
6. During the American Civil War, American Red Cross
(C) nor did they replace
founder Clara Barton ministered to soldiers o n the
(D) or by replacing
baulefields. at Antietam. so close was she 10 Ibe aClUai
(E) or to replace
fil:h1i.n£ that a bullet pierced her sleeve.
(A) battlefields, al Antietam. so close was she to the 10. Becayse insyfficient fu nding callses Ihc failure of
actual fighting ma ny new businesseS is the reason why Tamar and
(B) battlefields, she was at Antietam so close to the Robert waited to open their coffee shop until they
actual fighting had enough money.
(C) battlefields, being so close to the actual figh ting at
(A) Because insufficient funding causes the fai lure
Amietam SO
of many new businesses is the reason why
(D) baulefields: at Antietam. she was so close to the
(8) Because insufficient funding causes the failure
actual fighting
of many new businesses,
(E) balliefields: she was at Antietam so close to the
(C) Insufficient fundi ng causes the failure of many
ac tual fighting so
new businesses is the reason why
(D) As a resuit of insufficient funding causing the
7. Becau$C their flight was missed. Ihc bride's parcms
fai lure of many new businesses:
ran fra ntically to another part of the airport to catch
(E) The fact of insufficie nt funding is causing many
anot her plane that migh t still arrive in lime for the
new businesses to fail is why
wedding.
(A) Because their flight was missed, the bride's t I. Tbeodore Roosevelt was not just a ~rea! reformer: he
parents ran was also a ~rea! president.
(8) Because the bride's parents missed their flight,
(A) Theodore Roosevelt was not juSt a great reformer;
they had to run
he was also a great president.
(C) The bride's parents had missed their fl ight. thus.
(8) Theodore Roosevelt was nOljust a great reformer,
finally. runn ing
and also a great president.
(D) The bride's parents had missed thei r night. then
(C) Theodore Roosevelt was not just a great reformer:
they ran
but also a great preside nt.
(E) Their flight was missed, which eventually caused
(D) Great not just as a refomler, but Theodore
the bride's parents to run
Roosevelt was also a great president.
(E) Not i"" " , ",'onn". Th,odo" Roo",,,lt w",
also a great president.
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12. Jesse Jackson's Rainbow PUSH Coalition was 14. Nicknamed the supergrain of the fut ure, quinoa is a
established to encourage diverse populations to complete protein. one that conlains all the necessaey
become socially and politically active. was created in amino acids and is high in fiber.
1996 by the merging of two groups Jackson had
(A) protein, one that contains all the necessary amino
previously founded.
acids and is
(A) Coalition was established (B) protein, it contains all the necessary amino acids
(B) Coalition is established and is
(C) Coalition. establishing (C) protei n. and containing all the necessary amino
(D) Coalition, which being established acids in addition to being
(E) Coalition, established (D) protein that contained all the necessary amino
acids and also is
13. In the novel. Jane Eyre must make many difficult (E) protei n; thus, containing all the necessary amino
choices, like when she forces herself to leave the acids and being also
house of Mr. Rochester, the married man she loves.
(A) like when she forces
(B) and, as an example. when she forces
(C) for example, by forcing
(D) as exemplified by when she force s
(E) including forci ng
STOP
555
149
Crltlcai Rcadmg
Sec tion 4 Section 7 Section \I
COR.DI FF. COR. DlH. COR. Dlff. COR. DIFr. COR. Olff. COR. DlH.
I. B 1 13. C 3 I. E 3 13. E 3 I. C 3 11. A 3
2. E 1 14. B 3 2. 0 3 14. C 2 2. 0 3 12. C 2
3 D 2 15. E 3 3 E 4 15. C 5 3. A 4 13. 0 1
4. C 3 16. E 3 4. C 4 16. C 1 4. B 4 14. C 2
5. C 1 17 A 4 5 A 5 17. E 5 5. A 4 15. 0 1
6. D 3 18. 0 4 6. B 2 18. D 1 6. A 5 16. A 3
7 0 3 19 E 4 7. C 5 19 B 4 7. E 2 17. C 2
8. C 5 w. D 4 8 D 2 w. 0 3 8. C 2 18 E 1
9 A 3 21. B 4 9. 8 2 21. E 3 9. C 4 19. D 2
10. E 5 22 8 3 10. B 3 22 C 3 lO. 0 3
11. 0 4 23. C 3 11. B 2 23. B 3
12. E 3
" A 3 12 C 3 24. 0 4
M.Hhematics
COR. DlfF. COR. DI Ff. Multiple-Choice Student-Produced COR. DlFF. COR. DlFF.
ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV. Questions Response Questions ANS. LEV. ANS. LEV.
I. A 1 11. E 3 COR.I)IFf. COR. DIFF. I. C 1 9 C 3
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Number incorrect Number incorreCt
Difficulty levels range from I (easiest) to 5 (hardest).
556
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
SECTION 7
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
3. You cannot expect to treat your friends badly and no

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness one notices.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) and no one notices
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) and have no one notice
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) without notice by someone
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) without notice by no one
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (E) without the result of somebody noticing
4. The memoirs of President Clinton begin with his
childhood in Arkansas and culminate in his rise to
the presidency.
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) begin with his childhood in Arkansas and
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or culminate
ambiguity. (B) that begin with his childhood in Arkansas and
culminate
EXAMPLE: (C) have begun with his childhood in Arkansas and
culminate
(D) have begun with his childhood in Arkansas and
culminating
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (E) began with his childhood in Arkansas and are
(B) when she was sixty-five culminated
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years 5. Because of ignoring its potential, biofeedback is a
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five medical therapy most physicians reject.
(A) Because of ignoring its potential, biofeedback is
a medical therapy most physicians reject.
1. William Faulkner, being that he was a Southern writer, (B) Biofeedback is rejected by most physicians
used Mississippi as a setting for most of his novels. because of their ignoring its potential.
(C) Most physicians, because of ignoring the potential
(A) being that he was a Southern writer
of biofeedback, and rejecting it.
(B) a Southern writer
(D) Most physicians reject biofeedback because they
(C) while a writer from the South
ignore its potential.
(D) in origin a writer of the South
(E) A medical therapy rejected by most physicians,
(E) because of him being a writer from the South
caused by ignoring its potential, is biofeedback.
2. Tadpoles hatch and metamorphose into small
replicas of adult frogs although remaining in
their aquatic birthplace.
(A) although remaining
(B) while remaining
(C) in spite of it remaining
(D) due to their remaining
(E) in the course of which they remain
161
6. In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman mistakenly 9. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and
believes that his sons have no flaws, believing which improve services, he failed to keep either of them after
leads to many problems for the entire family. the election.
(A) believing which leads (A) Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes
(B) a belief that leads and improve services, he
(C) and which is to lead (B) The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes
(D) the belief of which leads and improve services,
(E) his believing this leads (C) Although the candidate made promises both to cut
taxes and improve services, he
7. Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence as a (D) Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second,
reformer in the field of health care almost equals that to improve services, the candidate
of Florence Nightingale. (E) The candidate’s promises were both to cut taxes
and improve services, he
(A) Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence
as a reformer 10. The students found fieldwork in the state forest more
(B) Clara Barton, who was an American nurse and exciting and dangerous than any of them had
whose influence as a reformer anticipated, having to be rescued by helicopter during
(C) An American with influence as a nursing a fire.
reformer, Clara Barton
(D) Clara Barton was an American nurse whose (A) anticipated, having to be
influence as a reformer (B) anticipated; when they had to be
(E) An American, Clara Barton who was a nursing (C) anticipated: they had to be
reformer and whose influence (D) anticipated: among which was their
(E) anticipated, and so they had been
8. During the summer months, several thousand people
a day visit the park, which is known for its waterfalls 11. Chinese watercolors have become more popular than
and rock formations. American and European artists who are their
contemporaries.
(A) During the summer months, several thousand
people a day visit the park, which is known (A) American and European artists who are their
for its waterfalls and rock formations. contemporaries
(B) Known for its waterfalls and rock formations, (B) contemporary American and European artists
several thousand people a day visit the park (C) those by contemporary American and European
during the summer months. artists of the period
(C) Several thousand people a day visit the park (D) those of American and European pictures of the
during the summer months known for its same period
waterfalls and rock formations. (E) those by contemporary American and European
(D) Several thousand people had visited the park artists
a day, which is known for its waterfalls and
rock formations during the summer months.
(E) During the summer months, knowing its
waterfalls and rock formations, several thousand
people a day visit the park.
162
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Both Dorothy Sayers plus Carolyn Heilbrun
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined have written scholarly works as well as popular
one underlined part that must be changed to make the murder mysteries, demonstrating a diversity of
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard D
written English. talents and interests. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 16. Although the coach had predicted that the team
A B C A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the would have a winning season, the fans were surprised
D C
neutral states. No error by the success of the young, inexperienced players.
E
D
No error
E
12. By next year the old vaudeville theater had been
A 17. Because they must compete with a large chain of
converted into two small theaters in which films A
B C super-stores that can afford to charge very low rates for
can be shown . No error
D E certain items, the owners of small hardware stores
13. Some scholars studying the writings of Emily Brontë know that you are unlikely to make much profit
A B C
have become increasingly interested in the and may , in fact, go bankrupt. No error
B C D E
relationships between her siblings and she . No error
D E 18. Although science offers the hope of preventing
A
14. At the 1984 Olympic Games, John Moffet and Pablo serious genetic diseases, there is difficult ethical
B
Morales, who were swimmers on the United States questions raised by the possibility of altering human
A B C D
team, set world records . No error heredity. No error
C D E E
163
19. In the nineteenth century, careers in business and law 23. Obviously , Whistler’s paintings, unlike Klee , are
A B
were prestigious, but it did not require practitioners conventional in their subject matter. No error
A B C C D E
to hold college degrees. No error
D E 24. A newly formed organization of homeowners and
20. Chess players find that playing against a computer business people have met with the transportation
A
is helpful to improve their skills, even though no department to voice its concerns about plans for
A B C B C D
chess-playing computer has yet won a championship. a shopping mall in the community. No error
D E
No error
E 25. Although she considers her chemistry research
A
21. Reaching lengths of twelve inches, banana slugs are complete , she has heeded her professor’s advice
A B B C
the much larger of all the slug species that inhabit and is conducting three additional experiments.
C D D
North America. No error No error
E E
22. Maya Madera proudly wore her sister’s 26. Princeton University officials first broke with
A A
most popular invention, a watch for winter campers a tradition of awarding honorary degrees only
B B
that flashes the temperature in lighted numerals and to men when they awarded it to author Willa
C C D
sends out a loud alarm when pressing a button . Cather. No error
D E
No error
D E
164
27. His love of politics led him to volunteer in local Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
A B essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
campaigns as well as a job in a government office Read the passage and select the best answers for the
C D
in the state capital. No error sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
E to consider organization and development. In choosing
English.
28. Now that Michiko finished the research, she feels
A
Questions 30-35 are based on the following.
reasonably confident about writing her paper
B C (1) A significant problem all across our state is garbage.
on the rise of the progressive movement in the (2) Our landfills are full. (3) It seems that we must either
D find new sites for landfills or employ other methods of
disposal, like incineration. (4) Unfortunately, there are
United States. No error drawbacks to every solution that they think of. (5) Polluted
E runoff water often results from landfills. (6) With
incineration of trash, you get air pollution. (7) People are
criticized for not wanting to live near a polluting waste
29. The condition known as laryngitis usually causes disposal facility, but really, can you blame them?
A (8) Recycling can be an effective solution, but owners of
the vocal cords and surrounding tissue to swell, thus apartment complexes and other businesses complain that
B recycling adds to their expenses. (9) Local governments
enjoy the benefits of taxes collected from business and
preventing the cords to move freely . No error industry. (10) They tend to shy away from pressuring such
C D E heavy contributors to recycle.
(11) Perhaps those of us being concerned should
encourage debate about what other levels of government
can do to solve the problems of waste disposal. (12) We
should make a particular effort to cut down on the
manufacture and use of things that will not decompose
quickly. (13) Certainly we should press individuals,
industries, and all levels of government to take responsible
action while we can still see green grass and trees between
the mountains of waste.
30. Which of the following would fit most logically

between sentences 1 and 2 ?
(A) A sentence citing examples of states that have
used up available landfills
(B) A sentence citing examples of successful
alternatives to landfills
(C) A sentence citing the number of new landfills in
the state
(D) A sentence citing the number of illnesses blamed
on polluted water in the state
(E) A sentence citing the average amount of trash
disposed of annually by each person in the state
165
31. Which of the following is the best way to phrase the 34. In context, which of the following is the best way to
underlined portion of sentence 4 (reproduced below) ? combine sentences 9 and 10 ?
Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to every solution (A) Local governments enjoy the benefits of taxes
that they think of. collected from business and industry, as they
(A) (as it is now) tend to shy away from pressuring such heavy
(B) that was thought of contributors to recycle.
(C) that they have previously come up with (B) Because local governments enjoy the benefits of
(D) to which there are proposals taxes collected from business and industry, they
(E) that has been proposed tend to shy away from pressuring such heavy
contributors to recycle.
(C) However, local governments enjoy the benefits of
32. Which of the following is the best way to revise and
taxes collected from business and industry, they
combine sentences 5 and 6 (reproduced below) ?
tend to shy away from pressuring such heavy
Polluted runoff water often results from landfills. With contributors to recycle.
incineration of trash, you get air pollution. (D) In addition to enjoying the benefits of taxes
collected from business and industry, local
(A) With landfills, polluted runoff water will result,
governments tend to shy away from pressuring
and whereas with incineration of trash, you get
business and industry into recycling.
air pollution.
(E) Local governments, enjoying the benefits of taxes
(B) While on the one hand are landfills and polluted
collected from business and industry, they tend
runoff water, on the other hand you have air
to shy away from pressure to recycle.
pollution in the case of incineration of trash.
(C) Landfills often produce polluted runoff water, and
35. Which of the following is the best phrasing for
trash incineration creates air pollution.
the underlined portion of sentence 11 (reproduced
(D) Landfills and incineration that produce water and
below) ?
air pollution.
(E) Runoff water is from new landfills; from Perhaps those of us being concerned should encourage
incineration of trash, there is air pollution. debate about what other levels of government can do to
solve the problems of waste disposal.
33. If sentence 8 were rewritten to begin with the clause
(A) (as it is now)
“Although recycling can be an effective solution,” the
(B) those of us who are concerned
next words would most logically be
(C) those concerned ones of us
(A) and owners of apartment complexes and other (D) we, being among those who are concerned,
businesses complain (E) we who are those being concerned
(B) yet owners of apartment complexes and other
businesses complain
(C) owners of apartment complexes and other
businesses complain
(D) mostly owners of apartment complexes and other
businesses are complaining
(E) owners of apartment complexes and other
business complained
STOP
166
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. Hawaii’s Haleakala, being more than 10,000 feet high,

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness and the world’s largest dormant volcano.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) Haleakala, being more than 10,000 feet high and
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) Haleakala, more than 10,000 feet high, it is
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) Haleakala which is more than 10,000 feet high,
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence being
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) Haleakala, more than 10,000 feet high, is
one of the other choices. (E) Haleakala, more than 10,000 feet high; it is
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, 3. I do not blame Leslie for her anger yesterday, being it
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. was her plan and she should have credit for it.
Your selection should result in the most effective (A) yesterday, being it was her plan and she should
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or have credit for it
ambiguity. (B) yesterday, being that she should have credit for it
when it was her plan
EXAMPLE: (C) yesterday when it was her plan, for which they
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book should give her credit for it
and she was sixty-five years old then. (D) yesterday; since she should receive credit, it being
her plan
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (E) yesterday: it was her plan, and she should have
(B) when she was sixty-five received credit for it
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years 4. At the time at which temperatures approach absolute
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five zero, or -459.7° F, metals become highly conductive,
and their volume shrinks dramatically.
(A) At the time at which temperatures approach
1. In their zeal to make beachfront living widely (B) When temperatures approach
available, developers have overbuilt, thereby they (C) Since temperatures approached
endanger fragile coastlines. (D) At the point temperatures had approached
(A) overbuilt, thereby they endanger fragile coastlines (E) While temperatures approaching
(B) overbuilt they endanger fragile coastlines as a
result 5. Participants in the executive leadership workshop
(C) overbuilt and thereby have endangered fragile expect a program of outstanding speakers and gaining
coastlines information about new approaches to management.
(D) overbuilt; fragile coastlines endangered thereby (A) and gaining information
(E) overbuilt, the fragile coastlines are endangered (B) as well as information
by this (C) as well as being informed
(D) and also being informed
(E) in addition, they expect to gain information
167
6. One of the unforeseen consequences of the editor’s 10. After 1907, residents of the Omaha Reservation could
management style is that it leaves so little room for use the hospital in Walthill, Nebraska, it was
innovation. established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha
Indian.
(A) that it leaves so little room for innovation
(B) that they leave so little room for innovation (A) hospital in Walthill, Nebraska, it was established
(C) that sufficient room is not left for their innovation by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha
(D) that innovation has so little room left from it Indian
(E) to leave so little room for innovation (B) hospital; it was in Walthill, Nebraska and
established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an
7. For decades, African American music has inspired Omaha Indian
musicians throughout the world, including in Russia. (C) hospital that has been established by Dr. Susan
(A) including in Russia LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha Indian, in Walthill,
(B) including those of Russia Nebraska
(C) this includes Russia (D) Walthill, Nebraska, hospital where an Omaha
(D) one of which is Russia Indian, Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, established
(E) one example being Russia it
(E) hospital established in Walthill, Nebraska, by Dr.
8. By the end of the eighteenth century, watchmaking Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha Indian
technology had greatly improved, and they were
standard equipment for military personnel. 11. Eating food that has a high concentration of fat causes
essentially the same reaction in the stomach than if you
(A) and they were standard equipment for military eat too fast.
personnel
(B) so it was standard equipment for military (A) than if you eat
personnel to have watches (B) than to eat
(C) with watches included in the standard equipment (C) as if one eats
for military personnel (D) as eating
(D) and watches had become standard equipment for (E) as it does when eating
military personnel
(E) and for military personnel it was standard 12. Not one of the students in the advanced chemistry class
equipment have passed a single test with a grade better than a C,
but the second half of the course will be easier.
9. Nancy and Carlos will represent Central High in (A) have passed a single test with a grade better than a
the swimming competition, their work in this having
C
been excellent this year.
(B) have managed to pass a single test with better than
(A) competition, their work in this having been a C grade
excellent this year (C) have passed a single test any better than
(B) competition, they have done excellent work a grade of C
this year in this (D) has passed having better than a C grade on
(C) competition, for this year they have done a single test
excellent work in this (E) has passed a single test with better than
(D) competition, for their swimming has been a C grade
excellent this year
(E) competition, their work as swimmers having
been excellent this year
168
13. In neighborhoods throughout the United States, one 14. A flurry of do-it-yourself books on the market today
can encounter hundreds of different rope-jumping are inspiring homeowners to do their own repairs.
games, each with its own rules.
(A) are inspiring homeowners to do their own repairs
(A) each with its own rules (B) are inspiring to homeowners about their own
(B) each having their own rules repairs
(C) when they each have their own rules (C) is inspiring homeowners into doing their own
(D) which has its own rules repairing
(E) they each have rules of their own (D) is inspiring homeowners to do their own repairs
(E) inspiring homeowners to repair their own homes
STOP
169
SECTION 6
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. Several of Frank Stella’s paintings were inspired by

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness the shapes of waves and whales, titled after chapter
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence headings from Moby-Dick.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) paintings were inspired by the shapes of waves
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If and whales, titled
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) paintings had their inspiration from the shapes of
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select waves and whales with titles
one of the other choices. (C) paintings, inspired by the shapes of waves and
whales, are titled
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (D) paintings, which were inspired by the shapes of
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, waves and whales and which are titled
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. (E) paintings, being inspired by the shapes of waves
Your selection should result in the most effective and whales, titled
ambiguity.
3. The mayor claimed that a majority of the property
EXAMPLE: owners would have favored her proposal if put to the
vote.
and she was sixty-five years old then. (A) would have favored her proposal if put
(B) would have favored her proposal if it had been put
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (C) favored her proposal if it would have been put
(B) when she was sixty-five (D) favored her proposal if put
(C) at age sixty-five years old (E) favored her proposal if they were put
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five 4. The psychologist states that most people want the same
things: interesting and meaningful work, respect, and
to have them be loved for themselves alone.
1. A stranger, the students were surprised to see him enter (A) interesting and meaningful work, respect, and to
the classroom carrying a bowling ball. have them be loved for themselves alone
(A) A stranger, the students were surprised to see him (B) to have interesting and meaningful work, respect,
enter the classroom carrying a bowling ball. and loved for themselves alone
(B) A stranger carrying a bowling ball, the students (C) work that has interest and is meaningful, to have
were surprised to see him entering the classroom. respect, and to be beloved for themselves alone
(C) The students were surprised to see a stranger enter (D) interesting and meaningful work, respect, and
the classroom, and he carried a bowling ball. their own love
(D) The students were surprised to see a stranger (E) to have interesting and meaningful work, to be
carrying a bowling ball enter the classroom. respected, and to be loved for themselves alone
(E) The students, who were surprised to see a stranger
enter the classroom carrying a bowling ball.
170
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. People were trained to perform one tiny part of one
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined and process in one department of one industry, and so
lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the one
underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence having no sense of the process as a whole . No error
correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. In
choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard B C D E
written English.
16. The Stegosaurus, plant-eating dinosaurs with
EXAMPLE:
A
The other delegates and him immediately protective bony plates and tail spikes, was
A B C B
accepted the resolution drafted by the once common in what is now Colorado. No error
D C D E
E
17. Some plants use chemical signals that repel insects,
A
and also, these signals help to put neighboring plants
12. For the cyclist exploring Ireland’s western cliffs, B
A on alert so they can mount their own defenses .
every road leading out of the town of Clifden offers C D
B No error
their own set of wonders. No error E
C D E
18. Innovative use of computers in the classroom allows
13. The construction of a waterway linking the Atlantic
students to undertake projects that encourages them
and Pacific Oceans was first proposed in 1524, A B C
A to be both analytical and intellectually adventurous.
but not until the Panama Canal opened in 1914 did D
B No error
such a project become a reality . No error E
C D E
19. When one is researching the customs of a com-
14. The charm of Lofting’s book lies in the humorous A
A B munity, you must learn about its history and observe
reversal of roles— the animals guide, assist, and B C
C its people going about their ordinary activities.
generally they take care of the helpless humans. D
D No error
No error E
E
171
20. Working with consummate skill, Picasso sketched a 25. When M. R. Harrington, an archaeologist from the
A A
portrait of the youthful but experienced dancer who Museum of the American Indian, began to excavate
B C B
was posing for him. No error the ruins he named the Pueblo Grande de Nevada, he
D E C
unearthed artifacts indicating a 500-year occupation
21. From 1566 until 1576 Santa Elena, now an D
A by indigenous peoples. No error
excavation site in South Carolina, was the capital E
B
of Spanish Florida; however , it has become an 26. The supervisor cited three workers, each of which
C D A
English settlement by 1735. No error is likely to win a prize for having suggested cost-
E B C
effective changes at the factory. No error
22. Despite the attorney’s moving plea, the judge placed D E
A B
the juvenile offender on probation for an indecisive 27. Freedom of action and expression are at the
C D A
period. No error foundation not only of our system of government but
E B
also of our expectations concerning human relations
23. Yearning for a truly representative art form C
A B at all levels of society. No error
of the Americas, the art world of the 1920’s D E
looked hopefully to the three popular Mexican 28. While both disaster rescue workers and news reporters
C
mural artists of the day . No error may face physical danger, the latter can usually
D E A B
control his or her exposure to risk, whereas rescue
24. There has always been a great deal of friction between C D
A workers often cannot. No error
Joan and I because we have opposing political views E
B C
about which we are very vocal. No error 29. The refusal of the management to revise their
D E A B
policy on family leave caused an uproar among
C D
employees. No error
E
172
5. By employing exotic harmonies and making unusual 9. Although known primarily as a poet, the paintings of
use of instruments, Mahler was a pathfinder from Lawrence Ferlinghetti have recently been receiving
romanticism to modern music. public attention.
(A) Mahler was a pathfinder (A) Although known primarily as a poet, the paintings
(B) a path was created by Mahler of Lawrence Ferlinghetti
(C) Mahler created a path (B) Although known primarily for his poetry,
(D) Mahler was the creator of a path Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s paintings
(E) was how Mahler created a path (C) Although his poetry is primarily what he is known
for, Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s paintings
6. In the past, many famous painters meticulously (D) Although Lawrence Ferlinghetti is known
ground their own colors, an attention to detail primarily as a poet and his paintings
that is noteworthy. (E) Although Lawrence Ferlinghetti is known
primarily for his poetry, his paintings
(A) an attention to detail that is noteworthy
(B) inasmuch as they showed attention to detail,
10. For many a brilliant architect, being free to innovate is
it is noteworthy
more important than being well paid.
(C) this makes it noteworthy in showing their
attention to detail (A) being free to innovate is more important than
(D) an idea that is noteworthy in showing their (B) having freedom of innovation is more
attention to detail important than
(E) which is noteworthy and it shows an attention (C) there is more importance in the freedom
to detail to innovate than
(D) freedom to innovate has more importance than
7. By including pieces of cloth, newspaper, wallpaper, (E) to have the freedom to innovate is more
and other materials in his work, Picasso’s innovation important than
had an important influence on twentieth-century art.
11. What was not achieved in last year’s county voter
(A) Picasso’s innovation had an important
registration drive was more than compensated for by
influence on
this year, which registered over three thousand new
(B) this innovation of Picasso’s was important in
voters.
its influence over
(C) Picasso’s important innovative influence was on (A) by this year, which registered over three thousand
(D) Picasso was influential, with his innovation, over new voters
(E) the innovative Picasso was an important (B) by this year, having over three thousand new
influence on voters registered
(C) by this year’s drive, which registered over three
8. Once American films looked slick and commercial thousand new voters
compared to European imports; now, almost the (D) when they registered three thousand new voters
reverse is true. this year
(E) this year, when they registered over three
(A) now, almost the reverse is true thousand new voters
(B) now they are almost the reverse
(C) instead, there is almost a reversal now
(D) now it is almost the reverse that is true
(E) it has now been almost reversed
173
31. What is the best way to deal with sentence 2 ?

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. (A) Omit it.
(B) Switch it with sentence 1.
Read the passage and select the best answers for the (C) Insert “Definitely” at the beginning.
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular (D) Change “many” to “lots of”.
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (E) Change “had” to “have achieved”.
to consider organization and development. In choosing 32. Which of the following sentences is best inserted after
answers, follow the requirements of standard written sentence 3 ?
English.
(A) They think of science as a field in which
men have been traditionally encouraged
to participate.
(B) The failure of the educational system to nurture
(1) Some of the world’s greatest scientists have been young girls’ interest in science
women, and most people still tend to think of science as a is certainly another.
“man’s game.” (2) There are probably many reasons that (C) Some of the best-known names in science are
more men than women had fame as scientists. (3) Unequal those of men such as Galileo and Einstein.
access to educational opportunities is certainly one. (D) The girls in my school are not given the same
(4) But sometimes the reason is plain old-fashioned opportunities to study scientific subjects as the
dishonesty. (5) James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice boys are.
Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery by (E) Yet Rosalind Franklin was a woman who made a
them of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. number of extremely significant contributions to
(6) The discovery is seen by most as one of the greatest modern science.
contributions to the modern history of biology.
(7) One of the most important pieces of evidence used 33. In context, which of the following is the best way to
by Watson and Crick to figure out this structure was express the underlined portion of sentence 5
an x-ray diffraction photograph that had been taken by (reproduced below) ?
a woman, Rosalind Franklin. (8) Scientists often build on
the work of other scientists, but they usually do so openly. James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins
(9) Franklin’s photograph was secretly shown to Watson were awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery by
by her colleague Maurice Wilkins. (10) Who never told them of the double helix structure of the DNA
her what he had done. (11) And then Watson, Crick, and molecule.
Wilkins gave Nobel Prize lectures that contained (A) (As it is now)
98 references to the work of other scientists, not citing (B) They were awarded the Nobel Prize for the
a single one of Franklin’s papers. (12) Of them only discovery
Wilkins in his speech making even a casual reference to (C) Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the
her when he said she made some “very valuable Nobel Prize for the discovery by them
contributions to the x-ray analysis.” (D) James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice
Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for their
30. In context, which of the following is the best change to discovery
make to sentence 1 ? (E) But the Nobel Prize was awarded to Watson,
Crick, and Wilkins for the discovery
(A) Insert “As one can see” at the beginning.
(B) Insert “In the field of genetics” at the beginning.
(C) Insert “of course” after “and”.
(D) Insert “yet” after “and”.
(E) Delete the quotation marks.
174
34. In context, which of the following is the best version of 35. Which of the following is the best way to express the
sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced below) ? underlined portion of sentence 12 (reprinted below) ?
Franklin’s photograph was secretly shown to Watson Of them only Wilkins in his speech making even a
by her colleague Maurice Wilkins. Who never told her casual reference to her when he said she made some
what he had done. “very valuable contributions to the x-ray analysis.”
(A) (As it is now) (A) (As it is now)
(B) Similarly, her colleague Maurice Wilkins showed (B) Having made his speech, only Wilkins had
Franklin’s photograph to Watson, and he never made even
told her about it. (C) Of the three, only Wilkins made even
(C) Unfortunately, she did not know that her (D) Only his speech contained even
colleague Maurice Wilkins had secretly shown (E) In the same manner, Wilkins made
this photograph to Watson.
(D) In fact, Franklin’s colleague Maurice Wilkins
never told her that he had shown Watson the
photograph.
(E) In this case, Franklin’s colleague Maurice Wilkins
secretly showed Watson her photograph without
telling her.
STOP
175
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. Tickets are available at the box office they can be

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness picked up one hour before the performance.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) at the box office they can be picked up one hour
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the before the performance
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) at the box office; they can be picked up one hour
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence before the performance
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) one hour before the performance, they can be
one of the other choices. picked up at the box office
(D) and that can be picked up at the box office one
In making your selection, follow the requirements of hour before the performance
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, (E) at the box office, one hour before the performance
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. is when they can be picked up
ambiguity. 3. Medical research now emphasizes that the best
treatment for many diseases is the body’s own defenses
EXAMPLE: being stimulated.
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (A) the best treatment for many diseases is the body’s
and she was sixty-five years old then. own defenses being stimulated
(B) the best treatment for many diseases is stimulation
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then of the body’s own defenses
(B) when she was sixty-five (C) there should be stimulation of the body’s own
(C) at age sixty-five years old defenses for the best treatment for many diseases
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (D) there should be a stimulation of the body’s own
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five defenses to achieve the best treatment for many
diseases
(E) the body’s own defenses should have stimulation
for the best treatment for many diseases
1. The amount of garbage produced in the United States
could be reduced by recycling trash, minimizing
packaging, and developing new technology for 4. Some political scientists are convinced that the major
incinerators and landfills. conflict toward democracy and communism
is moral.
(A) and developing new technology
(B) and if they develop new technology (A) toward democracy and communism is moral
(C) and also by developing new technology (B) is a moral one between democracy and
(D) and new technology being developed communism
(E) and if there was new technology (C) between democracy, compared to communism,
is a moral one
(D) is a moral one for democracy, compared to
communism
(E) between democracy and communism is a
moral one
176
5. Until just recently many students would take 9. Having no additional funds to spend, the meeting
lengthy trips during spring break rather than of the budget committee was promptly concluded.
temporary jobs like now.
(A) the meeting of the budget committee was
(A) break rather than temporary jobs like now promptly concluded
(B) break instead of temporary jobs like now (B) the meeting of the budget committee concluded
(C) break; now they take temporary jobs promptly
(D) break; instead, students are taking (C) the conclusion of the budget committee meeting
temporary jobs was prompt
(E) break, but now it is temporary jobs (D) the budget committee promptly concluded
its meeting
6. To meet the college’s requirement of service to her (E) the budget committee’s meeting was promptly
community, 40 hours of her time to Habitat for concluded
Humanity were volunteered by Laurie.
10. In the early songs of the Beatles, one hears plaintive
(A) 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity
Blues-inspired melodies that would seem to be more
were volunteered by Laurie
a product of rural southern America than an English
(B) Laurie volunteered 40 hours of her time to
industrial city.
Habitat for Humanity
(C) 40 hours of her time to Habitat for Humanity (A) a product of rural southern America than
was what Laurie volunteered an English industrial city
(D) through 40 hours of volunteering by Laurie (B) a product from rural southern America than that
to Habitat for Humanity of an English industrial city
(E) Laurie, to Habitat for Humanity, was volun- (C) produced in rural southern America than by an
teering 40 hours of her time English industrial city
(D) a product out of rural southern America than from
7. Reviews of books and films have generally been an English industrial city
exempt from the standards of libel that are applied (E) a product of rural southern America than of an
to news stories, but they are now questioning the English industrial city
distinction between reporting and criticism.
11. In 1968 air pollution from automobile exhaust,
(A) they are now questioning the distinction between
particularly like that in the Los Angeles environs,
reporting and criticism
became of an increasingly more urgent concern to
(B) questions are now being asked by them as to the
environmentalists.
distinction between reporting and criticism
(C) the distinction between reporting and criticism is (A) like that in the Los Angeles environs, became
now being questioned of an increasingly more urgent
(D) the question they are asking now is whether there (B) of the sort found in the Los Angeles area, became
is a distinction between reporting and criticism an increasingly urgent
(E) the distinction they make between reporting and (C) such as you have in the area of Los Angeles,
criticism is now questioned became of increasingly more urgent
(D) like the kind in and around Los Angeles and its
8. A writer who well understood the plight of the environs, became an increasingly urgent
underprivileged, many acclaim Richard Wright as (E) the kind similar to the Los Angeles area, became
the novelist of the downtrodden. an increasingly more urgent
(A) many acclaim Richard Wright as
(B) many have acclaimed Richard Wright as
(C) Richard Wright is being acclaimed by many as
(D) Richard Wright has been widely acclaimed as
(E) widely acclaimed is Richard Wright as
177
12. Although long considered a vestigial organ that has 14. Most often defenders of art have justified its existence
no function in humans, the appendix, some scientists with their pointing out a function that nothing but art
believe, may have a significant role as part of the itself could perform.
body’s immune system.
(A) with their pointing out a function that nothing but
(A) the appendix, some scientists believe, may have art itself could perform
(B) the appendix, which, some scientists believe, may (B) by them pointing out a function that only art could
have perform
(C) the appendix, in the belief of some scientists, is (C) through the pointing out of a function performed
possibly having by art alone
(D) the appendix is believed by some scientists as (D) by pointing to some function that art alone can
perhaps having perform
(E) some scientists believe the appendix may have (E) through their having pointed to a function
performed by art itself
13. Failing to anticipate the sharp downturn in the
economy, millions of dollars were lost through the
investment fund’s managers’ slowness to act.
(A) millions of dollars were lost through the
investment fund’s managers’ slowness
to act
(B) millions of dollars were lost due to the slowness
of the investment fund’s managers to act
(C) the investment fund’s managers were slow to act,
millions of dollars were lost as a result
(D) the investment fund’s managers were slow to act
and thus lost millions of dollars
(E) the investment fund lost millions of dollars
because its managers acted too slowly
STOP
178
SECTION 4
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. Looking down through the boat’s glass bottom, a

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness school of yellow fish was seen swimming along with
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence the turtles.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) a school of yellow fish was seen
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) a school of yellow fish were seen
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) we saw a school of yellow fish
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) we seen a school of yellow fish
one of the other choices. (E) yellow fish in schools are seen
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, 3. A radio system consists of a means of transforming
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. sounds into electromagnetic waves and of transmitting
Your selection should result in the most effective those waves through space; after this those waves must
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or be transformed back into sounds.
ambiguity. (A) waves and of transmitting those waves through
space; after this those waves must be
EXAMPLE: transformed
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (B) waves, transmitting the waves through space, and
and she was sixty-five years old then. transforming them
(C) waves, of transmitting them through space, and
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then then the translation of them
(B) when she was sixty-five (D) waves and of transmitting them through space;
(C) at age sixty-five years old after this the waves have to be translated
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (E) waves, of the transmitting of those waves through
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five space and of translating same
4. It underlies the poem that human beings are free to

1. Industrial growth that was being stifled by the choose and may be blamed for their choices.
country’s dictatorship, but now they are developing (A) It underlies the poem
their full economic potential. (B) In the poem, they assumed
(A) Industrial growth that was being stifled by (C) In the poem, a basic assumption which is made is
the country’s dictatorship, but now they are (D) It is an assumption that underlies the poem
developing their full economic potential. (E) The basic assumption of the poem is
(B) The dictatorship had stifled industrial growth,
but the country is now developing their full
economic potential.
(C) Industrial growth was stifled by the country’s
dictatorship, and so now they are developing
their full economic potential.
(D) Though the dictatorship had stifled industrial
growth, the country is now developing its full
economic potential.
(E) Now developing their full economic potential,
the country’s dictatorship had stifled industrial
growth.
179
5. The modern city may not have new citadels or 9. The tiles are sorted not only by their surface
cathedrals, but there is a great many new office appearance but also according to their hardness and
buildings and freeways. their capacity of conducting heat.
(A) but there is a great many new office buildings and (A) according to their hardness and their capacity of
freeways conducting heat
(B) but it does have a great many new office buildings (B) according to their hardness and of their heat-
and freeways conducting capacity
(C) but a great many new office buildings and (C) by their hardness and if they have the capacity for
freeways heat conduction
(D) although many new office buildings and freeways (D) by their hardness and their capacity for
are there conducting heat
(E) although a great many new office buildings and (E) by their hardness and capacity in heat
freeways are seen conduction
6. The remains of the Apatosaurus provide evidence of 10. Radio frequencies have to be allocated to users so that
there being giants existing on Earth during the late one transmission will not interfere with another.
Jurassic period.
(A) one transmission will not interfere with another
(A) of there being giants existing (B) each transmission cannot interfere with another’s
(B) of there having been giants existing (C) transmitting them will not interfere with one
(C) of there existing giants another
(D) that giants have existed (D) no transmission is interfered with by another
(E) that giants existed (E) no one transmission would have interference with
the other
7. Farming in that area of the country is inefficient
because of their farm machinery shortage and that they 11. The Pony Express was an ingenious system for
lack the knowledge to operate it. carrying mail; it was in existence only briefly,
however, before the telegraph system made it
(A) because of their farm machinery shortage and that
obsolete.
they lack the
(B) in that they have a shortage of farm machinery and (A) mail; it was in existence only briefly,
a lack of however,
(C) because of the shortage of farm machinery and (B) mail, for it was in existence only briefly,
their lacking the however,
(D) in that there is both a shortage of farm machinery (C) mail; however, existing only briefly
as well as a lack of (D) mail, having existed only briefly
(E) because of the shortage of farm machinery and the (E) mail, but was existing only briefly
lack of
8. The most popular painting in the exhibit of works by

local artists was done by a seventy-year-old woman,
who painted an exquisite self-portrait of herself.
(A) was done by a seventy-year-old woman, who
painted an exquisite self-portrait of herself
(B) was an exquisite self-portrait of a seventy-year-
old woman, who painted herself
(C) was an exquisite self-portrait of a seventy-year-
old woman
(D) was done by a seventy-year-old woman, and it is
her own exquisite self-portrait
(E) was by a seventy-year-old woman, being an
exquisite self-portrait
180
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Just as parents vary in their readiness to have their
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined children leave home for college, young people vary
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the in his or her readiness to leave. No error
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard C D E
written English.
16. Local party organizations have discovered that voter
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately turnout is diminished considerably whenever the
A B C A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the media projected election results early in the day.
D C D
No error
E
E
17. Absent from the speech were any mention of the

12. At first we panicked when we discovered we A B
students and laboratory technicians upon whose
had missed our flight, but then we took a bus to C
A B contributions the chemist had depended heavily.
another airport, where there are several planes D
C No error
leaving for Denver that evening. No error E
D E
18. Paul’s letter to myself about the missing money
13. Only after the floodwaters had rose two feet was the A
A B was not intended to be read by any other member
mayor willing to order the evacuation of some B C D
C D of the organization. No error
homes. No error E
E
19. After the prince characterized modern architecture
14. Confucianism is more a code of ethics than like a
A as ugly , he has been severely criticized for having
religion; it presents no deities but fosters instead a A B C
B C been so outspoken in public. No error
respect for one’s ancestors and for an orderly society. D E
D
No error
E
181
20. No matter how cautious snowmobiles are driven, 25. A possible first step in developing a nonsexist
A B A
they are capable of damaging the land over which vocabulary with which to analyze the works of the
C D B C
they travel. No error nineteenth-century writer Elizabeth Gaskell would be
E
to stop referring to her as “Mrs. Gaskell.” No error
21. The black squirrels drew a crowd of students, for it D E
A B C
had never been seen on the campus before. No error 26. After 140 years under the sea , the remains of the
D E A B
Monitor, an ironclad warship that was sunk during the
22. A majority of the students who attended the job fair
A B Civil War, is being gradually brought to the surface.
expressed interest in becoming a doctor or lawyer . C D
C D No error
No error E
E
27. I have gone to only one football game after
23. Never before had a group of artists been so isolated A B C
A B I graduated from high school. No error
from society and from official patronage as was the D E
C D
so-called Impressionists. No error 28. The radio station received the most number of calls
E A
from listeners on the evening it aired a discussion of
24. The flowers that Jane and Jonathan ordered to be B C
A the music of Aretha Franklin. No error
sent to their mother were less fresh and much more D E
B C
,
expensive than Carr s Flower Shop . No error 29. When the village elders present recommendations,
D E A
there is hardly ever any opposition against their
B C D
proposals. No error
E
182
30. Of the following, which is the best way to phrase

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an sentence 1 (reproduced below) ?
People today have placed emphasis on the kinds of
Read the passage and select the best answers for the work that others do, it is wrong.
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (A) (As it is now)
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (B) People today place too much emphasis on the
to consider organization and development. In choosing kinds of work that others do.
answers, follow the requirements of standard written (C) What kinds of work others do is being placed too
English. much emphasis on by people today.
(D) The wrong kind of emphasis had been placed on
the kinds of work others do today.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following. (E) The wrong emphasis is being placed today on
people and what kind of work they do.
(1) People today have placed emphasis on the kinds of
work that others do, it is wrong. (2) Suppose a woman says 31. In context, which of the following is the best way to
she is a doctor. (3) Immediately everyone assumes that she revise and combine the underlined portions of
is a wonderful person, as if doctors were incapable of doing sentences 2 and 3 (reproduced below) ?
wrong. (4) However, if you say you’re a carpenter or
mechanic, some people think that you’re not as smart as Suppose a woman says she is a doctor. Immediately
a doctor or a lawyer. (5) Can’t someone just want to do everyone assumes that she is a wonderful person,
this because he or she loves the work ? as if doctors were incapable of doing wrong.
(6) Also, who decided that the person who does your (A) Suppose a woman says she is a doctor, but
taxes is more important than the person who makes sure immediately
that your house is warm or that your car runs ? (7) I know (B) If a woman says she is a doctor, for instance,
firsthand how frustrating it can be. (8) They think of you immediately
only in terms of your job. (9) I used to clean houses in the (C) When a woman says she is a doctor, however,
summer because the money was good; but yet all the immediately
people whose houses I cleaned seemed to assume that (D) Immediately, if they say, for example, she is a
because I was vacuuming their carpets I did not deserve doctor,
their respect. (10) One woman came into the bathroom (E) Therefore, a woman is maybe saying she is
while I was scrubbing the tub. (11) She kept asking me if a doctor; immediately
I had any questions. (12) Did she want me to ask whether
to scrub the tub counter-clockwise instead of clockwise ? 32. In context, the phrase do this in sentence 5 would best
(13) Her attitude made me angry! (14) Once I read that be replaced by
the jobs people consider important have changed.
(15) Carpenters used to be much more admired than (A) hold this particular opinion
doctors. (16) My point is, then, that who I want to be is (B) resist temptation
much more important than what I want to be! (C) ask someone for assistance
(D) become a carpenter or a mechanic
(E) aspire to learn medicine
33. Which of the following is the best way to revise and

combine the underlined portions of sentences 7 and 8
I know firsthand how frustrating it can be. They think
of you only in terms of your job.
(A) be; they--people, that is--think of you
(B) be when they are thinking of one
(C) be how people think of you
(D) be when people think of you
(E) be; having people think of you
183
34. In context, the phrase but yet in sentence 9 would best 35. The best place to begin a new paragraph in sentences
be replaced by 6-16 would be with sentence
(A) incidentally, (A) 10
(B) however, (B) 11
(C) in fact, (C) 12
(D) in addition, (D) 14
(E) for example, (E) 15
STOP
184
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. The notion that a biography should be full of praise

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness and free of criticism prevailed during most of the
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence nineteenth century.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) The notion that a biography should be full of
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If praise and free of criticism prevailed during
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence most of the nineteenth century.
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (B) The notion that prevailed about a biography
one of the other choices. during most of the nineteenth century was that
of being full of praise and free of criticism.
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (C) During most of the nineteenth century, they had
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, a prevalent notion that a biography should be
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. full of praise and free of criticism.
Your selection should result in the most effective (D) Prevalent as a notion during most of the
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or nineteenth century was for a biography to be
ambiguity. full of praise and free of criticism.
(E) Prevalent during most of the nineteenth century,
EXAMPLE: the notion prevailed that a biography should be
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book full of praise and free of criticism.
3. A native New Yorker, Gloria Naylor’s first novel won
an American Book Award in 1983.
(C) at age sixty-five years old (A) A native New Yorker, Gloria Naylor’s first novel
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (B) A native New Yorker, the first novel by Gloria
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five Naylor
(C) The first novel by native New Yorker
Gloria Naylor
(D) Gloria Naylor, a native New Yorker, wrote her
1. A recent discovery is the finding that people who both
first novel thus having
drink and smoke are greater cancer risks than those
(E) Gloria Naylor wrote her first novel and the native
who do only one of these things.
New Yorker
(A) A recent discovery is the finding that
(B) A recent discovery came when they learned that 4. Charlie Chaplin developed definite ideas about the art
(C) Recently, a finding is that of comedy and as a result sentiment, satire, and social
(D) It has recently been discovered that criticism were introduced into his work.
(E) It is a recent discovery that
(A) sentiment, satire, and social criticism were
introduced
(B) sentiment, satire, and social criticism were
introduced by him
(C) having introduced sentiment, satire, and social
criticism
(D) introduced sentiment, satire, and social criticism
(E) the introduction of sentiment, satire, and social
criticism
185
5. Someone living in a technological, consumption- 9. My grandfather never learned to use a calculator, as he

oriented culture probably taxes the environment at a shops he can accurately compute his grocery bill in his
rate many times that of a country such as Myanmar. head to within a dollar.
(A) that of a country such as Myanmar (A) as he shops
(B) that of someone living in a country like Myanmar (B) while shopping
(C) what you find in Myanmar, for instance (C) but as he shops
(D) the rate in a country such as Myanmar (D) therefore, when shopping
(E) a citizen of Myanmar, for instance (E) however, he shops so that
6. Airport runways must be constantly swept clear of 10. The first African American woman to win the Pulitzer
trash and other debris that could be sucked into a jet- Prize for poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks with her special
engine intake or it could cause a serious accident. interest in encouraging young poets.
(A) intake or it could cause a serious accident (A) with her special interest in encouraging
(B) intake, this causes a serious accident (B) had a special interest in encouraging
(C) intake and cause a serious accident (C) having had a special interest, which was to
(D) intake, preventing a serious accident encourage
(E) intakes and avoiding a serious accident (D) who had a special interest in encouraging
(E) she had a special interest to encourage
7. In believing that firsthand experience would enhance
the credibility of his biography of Columbus, Professor 11. Although fascinated by chance and coincidence, Paul
Morison retraced the route of Columbus’ first voyage. Auster’s novels are written with careful attention to
style and balance.
(A) In believing that
(B) Believing that (A) Paul Auster’s novels are written
(C) In his belief that (B) Paul Auster’s novels were written
(D) He believed that (C) Paul Auster writes his novels
(E) By believing that (D) Paul Auster is a writer
(E) Paul Auster had wrote
8. Except in mathematics, absolute proof is more often an
ideal to be sought than a goal to be reached, a fact that 12. Early American factories did not so much replace
the courts recognize by setting varying standards of household manufacturing but complement it.
proof for different kinds of cases.
(A) but complement
(A) a fact that the courts recognize by setting (B) as complement
(B) which the courts recognize and set (C) but they complemented
(C) and this is recognized when the courts are setting (D) and they complemented
(D) and it is recognized by the courts when they set (E) as they were to complement
(E) and the courts recognize this fact setting
186
13. After teaching, becoming involved in several fashion 14. In eighteenth-century France, economic inequalities
enterprises, and after she founded the Harlem Institute made many people angry, and a violent revolution was
of Fashion, Lois Alexander Lane launched the Black fueled.
Fashion Museum.
(A) angry, and a violent revolution was fueled
(A) after she founded (B) angry; it fueled a violent revolution
(B) after the founding of (C) angry, and this anger fueled a violent revolution
(C) founding (D) angry, that anger fueled a violent
(D) she had founded revolution
(E) having founded (E) angry; thus fueling a violent revolution
STOP
187
SECTION 5
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. First run in 1867 and still taking place every summer,

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness the Belmont Stakes, a horse race for thoroughbred
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence three-year-olds, was one of the oldest races in the
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of United States.
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) was
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) is
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) were
one of the other choices. (D) are
(E) has been
3. Folklore scholars think of fables probably originating
among the Semitic peoples of the Middle East, moving
first to India and then west to Greece.
ambiguity. (A) of fables probably originating
(B) of fables that probably originated
EXAMPLE: (C) that the fable’s origins were probably
(D) that the origin of fables probably was
(E) that fables probably originated
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then 4. Althea Gibson, the first African American tennis
(B) when she was sixty-five player that they recognized as a world champion,
(C) at age sixty-five years old began playing amateur tennis in the 1940’s.
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (A) that they recognized as
(B) that was recognized to be
(C) recognized because she was
(D) to be recognized as
1. Unlike with many animals, humans do not swim by (E) recognizing her as
instinct.
(A) with many animals
(B) what many animals do
(C) many animals
(D) many animals who do it
(E) many animals do
-18-
188
5. Societies acting through their governments make the 9. Babe Ruth is regarded by many having been the
rules to state which acts are illegal, but although war is greatest baseball player in history, and he remains
the most violent of human activities, it has not been arguably the most celebrated figure in North American
declared illegal by any of the world’s governments or sports.
their agencies.
(A) having been
(A) to state (B) that he was
(B) stating (C) for being
(C) when they state (D) to be
(D) that are stating (E) as
(E) where they state
10. Digital technology, as every marketer knows, is
6. The 2003 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Shirin synonymous to speed, precision, and the future.
Ebadi, an Iranian lawyer, writer, and teacher, she
(A) to
gained prominence as an advocate for democracy and
(B) of
human rights.
(C) with
(A) teacher, she gained (D) for
(B) teacher, she had gained (E) through
(C) teacher, gaining
(D) teacher who gained 11. After carefully studying both of the articles, Dr.
(E) teacher having gained Rodriguez and Nurse Alba found that the only
difference between them were their titles.
7. Because its early history is not fully known, origami,
(A) them were their titles
the art of folding objects out of paper without cutting,
(B) them were the titles
pasting, or decorating, seems to have developed from
(C) the articles were the titles
the older art of folding cloth.
(D) the articles was that of the titles
(A) Because (E) the articles was their titles
(B) In that
(C) Since
(D) Although
(E) As
8. One of the most popular singers of his time, more than

twenty languages were mastered by Paul Robeson,
allowing him to perform classical repertory, spirituals,
and folk songs from around the world.
(A) more than twenty languages were mastered by
Paul Robeson, allowing him to perform
(B) Paul Robeson’s mastery of more than twenty
languages allowed him to perform
(C) mastering more than twenty languages allowed
Paul Robeson to perform
(D) his mastery of more than twenty languages
allowed Paul Robeson to be performing
(E) Paul Robeson mastered more than twenty
languages, allowing him to perform
-19-
189

grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either 15. In addition to being a talented pianist and composer,
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more A B
Béla Bartók was a respected musicologist who wrote
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the
one underlined part that must be changed to make the C D
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. several books on Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian
written English.
folk music. No error
EXAMPLE: E

16. Whereas the caterpillars of most butterflies are
A B C A
harmless, moth caterpillars caused an enormous
D
neutral states. No error B
E amount of damage to plants, forest and shade trees,
C
clothing, and household goods. No error
D E
12. At the meeting of the planning board, the
A 17. Homing pigeons can navigate over long distances,
councilwoman assured her constituents that she was A
B C employing their sense of smell to ascertain their initial
active seeking a long-term solution to the city’s B
D location and using the position of the Sun
parking problem. No error C
E determining the direction in which they must fly.
D
13. Used in sculpture, carving is the process of reducing
No error
A
E
substances such as stone, wood, or ivory to a
B 18. Salt is valued not only because of its properties as a
desired shape by cutting or to chip away unnecessary A
C D condiment and preservative, but also because
parts. No error B
E they are essential to the health of humans and
C D
14. New York City is an important center of American
animals. No error
A
E
Buddhism, in part because its residents included
B C
immigrants from most of the countries that have
D
strong Buddhist traditions. No error
E
-20-
190
19. After two terms in the Texas State Senate, Barbara 24. Although the precise date and place of the origin of
A
Jordan elected to the United States House of baseball are hotly debated , it is beyond dispute that
B A B
Representatives, where she served from 1973 to the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and
C D
1979. No error Brooklyn play an important role in its early
E C D
development. No error
20. A sweetener, normally either sugar or syrup, are used E
A B 25. By 2003, more than 684,000 students in the United
in almost all bread for taste or as an aid to yeast A
C D States had enrolled in charter schools, publicly funded
growth. No error
E schools that pledged better academic results and were
B
21. Willie Dixon's upbeat blues compositions helped unencumbered by many of the regulations governing
A C D
usher in the Chicago blues sound during the 1950’s and ordinary public schools. No error
E
have become standard numbers for the many young
B 26. The common cold, like chickenpox, measles, and
rock groups trying to achieve popularity during the A
C D many other viral diseases, can be spread both before
1960’s. No error B C
E and after their symptoms emerge. No error
D E
22. When the Spanish conquistadors reached Peru in
A
1532, they encountered the vast empire of the Incas,
B
it extended along the Pacific coast of South America
C
from modern Ecuador to central Chile and
inland across the Andes. No error

D E
23. Unlike her best friend Margie, making the varsity

A B
soccer team as a freshman, Jill did not make the team
C D
until her junior year. No error
E -21-
191
27. Although he had never played organized sports, 29. Venezuela devotes a higher percentage of its budget
A A B
whenever Justin, who was uncommonly tall, attends to education than do other large Latin American
B C C
a basketball game, fans would ask him for an countries such as Mexico and Brazil. No error
D D E
autograph. No error
E
28. From its modest beginnings as a series of brief

A
vignettes and its establishment as the longest-running
B
prime-time comedy series on television, The Simpsons
has transformed the way that both audiences and

C
television programmers view the animated sitcom.
D
No error
E
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192
30. Which of the following is the best version of the

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an underlined portion of sentence 1 and sentence 2
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. (reproduced below)?
Read the passage and select the best answers for the Aristotle was a great philosopher and scientist.
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular Aristotle lived in Greece over 2300 years ago.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) philosopher and a scientist, living
to consider organization and development. In choosing (B) philosopher and scientist who lived
answers, follow the requirements of standard written (C) philosopher, and, as a scientist, lived
English. (D) philosopher and scientist; Aristotle lived
(E) philosopher, scientist, and lived
31. What would best replace "it" in sentence 5?
(1) Aristotle was a great philosopher and scientist. (A) that
(2) Aristotle lived in Greece over 2300 years ago. (B) them
(3) Aristotle was extraordinarily curious about the world (C) these traits
around him. (4) He was also a master at figuring out how (D) the world
things worked. (5) Aristotle passed it on to his pupil (E) his things
Theophrastus.
(6) Theophrastus was famous among his contemporaries
32. What word should be inserted between "Greece," and
as the co-founder of the Lyceum, a school in Greece, he is
"he" in sentence 6 (reproduced below)?
best known today as "the father of botany." (7) Botany is
the branch of science dealing with plants. Theophrastus was famous among his contemporaries
(8) Two famous books he wrote were Natural History of as the co-founder of the Lyceum, a school in Greece,
Plants and Reasons for Vegetable Growth. (9) His books he is best known today as "the father of botany."
were translated from Greek into Latin in 1483—1800 years
after he wrote them—they influenced thousands of readers. (A) and
(10) Theophrastus made accurate observations about all (B) but
(C) for
aspects of plant life, including plant structure, plant
diseases, seed use, and medicinal properties. (11) He even (D) thus
described the complex process of plant reproduction (E) moreover
correctly, hundreds of years before it was formally proven.
(12) In 1694 Rudolph Jakob Camerarius used experiments 33. Which sentence should be inserted between sentence 8
to show how plants reproduced. (13) According to some and sentence 9?
accounts, Theophrastus did his research in a garden he (A) Theophrastus's ideas had a lasting impact.
maintained at his school which was called the Lyceum. (B) Theophrastus's books were instantly successful.
(14) But Theophrastus also wrote about plants that grew (C) The first book is still studied today in botany
only in other countries, which he heard about from classes.
returning soldiers. (15) By comparing these plants to plants (D) They challenged the conclusions of Aristotle.
he grew in his garden, Theophrastus established principles (E) Theophrastus also taught botany to hundreds of
that are still true today. students.
-23-
193
34. Which revision appropriately shortens sentence 13 35. The third paragraph would be improved by the deletion
(reproduced below)? of which sentence?
According to some accounts, Theophrastus did his (A) Sentence 10
research in a garden he maintained at his school which (B) Sentence 11
was called the Lyceum. (C) Sentence 12
(D) Sentence 14
(A) Delete "his school which was called".
(E) Sentence 15
(B) Delete "According to some accounts,".
(C) Delete "in a garden he maintained".
(D) Replace "According to some accounts" with
"Therefore".
(E) Replace "Theophrastus" with "he".
STOP
-24-
194
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. Gold leaf is pure gold that is hammered so thin for it to

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness take 300,000 units to make a stack one inch high.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) for it to take
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) so that it takes
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) so it takes
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) as for it to take
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (E) that it takes
3. By far the best-known work of poet Emma Lazarus is
the sonnet “New Colossus,” it was chosen to be the
inscription for the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty in
1886.
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or (A) it was chosen to be
ambiguity. (B) choosing it to be
(C) which they chose for
EXAMPLE: (D) which was chosen as
(E) they chose it as
4. The gong was believed to have originated in Western
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then Asia, reached China in the sixth century, where it
(B) when she was sixty-five continues to be used for a wide range of purposes,
(C) at age sixty-five years old including as a military signal, a rhythmic
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years accompaniment for vocal performance, and a ritual
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five instrument.
(A) The gong was believed to have originated in
Western Asia, reached
1. If every nation were completely self-sufficient and (B) The gong, it is believed, originated in Western
operated under a free-market economy, the world's Asia, reached
food supply will be governed solely by the economics (C) The gong, believed to have originated in Western
of supply and demand. Asia, reached
(A) will be (D) The gong is believed to originate in Western Asia,
(B) would have been and reaching
(C) was to be (E) The gong, they believe, has originated in Western
(D) was Asia, reaching
(E) would be
-48-
195
5. Galileo was probably the first to discover Saturn’s 9. Fireflies, or lightning bugs, are actually soft-bodied
rings, although his telescope was so small, he could not beetles, most of whom producing light in special
see the rings properly and assumed that they were organs located in the undersides of their abdomens.
satellites.
(A) of whom producing
(A) although (B) of which produce
(B) but because (C) of them produce
(C) since (D) produce
(D) and (E) to produce
(E) nevertheless
10. To satisfy the curious, to protect their market, and it
6. The Olmec people, widely regarded as the creators of discouraged competitors when the earliest spice traders
the first civilization in Mesoamerica, the area spread fantastic tales of spices growing in shallow
encompassing much of Mexico and Central America. lakes guarded by winged animals and in deep glens
infested with poisonous snakes.
(A) people, widely
(B) people, which are widely (A) it discouraged competitors when
(C) people, they are widely (B) it discouraged competitors,
(D) people will be widely (C) discouraging competitors made
(E) people are widely (D) to discourage competitors, when
(E) to discourage competitors,
7. Although their language and people that are not of
European origin, Finland is generally considered part 11. The most notorious quick-draw gunman of the Texas
of Scandinavia, which also includes Norway, Sweden, frontier, John Wesley Hardin’s exploits were written
and Denmark. about in an autobiography published posthumously,
The Life of John Wesley Hardin as Written by Himself.
(A) their language and people that are
(B) it has a language and people that are (A) John Wesley Hardin’s exploits were written about
(C) they have languages and people (B) John Wesley Hardin’s exploits are recorded
(D) its language and people are (C) John Wesley Hardin wrote about his exploits
(E) there are languages and people that are (D) the exploits of John Wesley Hardin were written
about
8. Unlike the hollow body of an acoustic guitar, which (E) the exploits of John Wesley Hardin are recorded
acts as a sound box to project sound, the solid-body
electric guitar is almost soundless without the aid of an
amplification system.
(A) the hollow body of an acoustic guitar, which acts
(B) the hollow body that an acoustic guitar has, it acts
(C) an acoustic guitar’s hollow body, acting
(D) an acoustic guitar, whose hollow body acts
(E) an acoustic guitar and its hollow body, acting
-49-
196
12. With one of the most successful African American 14. Environmentally hazardous contamination of the water
businesses in history, the Motown Record Corporation and air is one of the more serious and complex issues
was founded in 1959 in Detroit by Berry Gordy, Jr. facing urban centers in the United States, where they
have an effect on public health, property values, and
(A) With one
the quality of life is magnified by the density of
(B) It was one
population.
(C) Being one
(D) One (A) they have an
(E) As one (B) their
(C) an
13. Adult ladybugs often prey on agricultural or garden (D) it has an
pests, causing many fruit growers to consider them (E) its
among the most beneficial insects.
(A) causing many fruit growers to
(B) therefore, many fruit growers
(C) this causes many fruit growers to
(D) which cause many fruit growers to
(E) many fruit growers
STOP
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197
SECTION 6
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. Just as his predecessor Mozart, for whom composing

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness music seemed to come easily, Beethoven always
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence struggled to perfect his work.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) Just as
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) Even though
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) Whereas
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) Unlike with
one of the other choices. (E) Unlike
3. The Incas kept records with knotted cords called
quipus, historians believe they were used to document
crop production and to aid in tax collection.
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or (A) historians believe they were used
ambiguity. (B) historians believing in its use
(C) which historians believe they use
EXAMPLE: (D) which historians believe were used
(E) and historians believe it was used
4. While females were not allowed to compete in the
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then Olympic games of ancient Greece; they were not even
(B) when she was sixty-five allowed to watch them.
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (A) While females were not allowed
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (B) Even though females were not allowed
(C) Females were not allowed
(D) They did not allow females
(E) With females, they were not allowed
1. Numismatics, or coin collecting, and becoming popular
in the United States around 1857, when the 5. In psychological theory, the term social learning is
replacement of the large cent by the new flying-eagle used to describe learning that is influenced by one’s
cent led enthusiasts to start collecting the earlier coin. environment and not the influence of innate or internal
(A) and becoming forces.
(B) becoming (A) and not the influence of
(C) will become (B) and not, instead,
(D) became (C) rather than by
(E) it became (D) rather than when it is
(E) rather than being influenced due to
-32-
198
6. Giant stars, or those that weigh 100 times what the Sun 10. Many of blues great Bessie Smith’s songs describe
weighs, are important to galaxies and the universe the experiences of southern Black migrants,
because with furious combustion, it produces many especially the struggles of Black women to adjust to
important elements that form planets and other bodies, urban life in the northern United States.
including carbon, oxygen, sodium, and neon.
(A) the struggles of Black women to adjust
(A) because with furious combustion, it produces (B) how Black women struggled at adjusting
(B) because their furious combustion produces (C) when it was Black women struggling to adjust
(C) due to their furious combustion, producing (D) Black women, they struggled with adjusting
(D) as their furious combustion produced (E) for Black women and struggling to adjust
(E) in that with furious combustion, they produced
11. The Bretons who began emigrating to the United States
7. American photographer Annie Leibovitz is renowned from the Brittany region of France in the early
for her revealing, eye-catching portraits of celebrities, twentieth century were distinguished from other
and characterized by carefully staged settings and the French citizens by their Celtic origin, but about 40
use of vivid primary colors. percent of those who emigrated spoke a Celtic
language closely related to Welsh.
(A) and
(B) and she is (A) but about 40 percent of those who emigrated
(C) each of them are spoke
(D) each of which are (B) about 40 percent of whom spoke
(E) which are (C) about 40 percent of which were speaking
(D) with about 40 percent of those who emigrated
8. Decorative arts, art forms that have a mainly practical speaking
or ornamental purpose, and include ceramics, basketry, (E) where 40 percent of them were speaking
furniture making, and glassblowing.
(A) and include
(B) including
(C) includes
(D) include
(E) which include
9. About 35 percent of the world's orange juice is

produced by Florida, compared with Brazil, the
world’s largest orange producer, which has nearly 50
percent.
(A) Brazil, the world’s largest orange producer, which
has nearly 50 percent
(B) Brazil, with nearly 50 percent, it is the world’s
largest orange producer
(C) nearly 50 percent that are produced by Brazil as
the world’s largest orange producer
(D) the production of Brazil, the world’s largest
orange producer, with nearly 50 percent
(E) nearly 50 percent produced by Brazil, the world’s
largest orange producer
-33-
199

grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either 15. Like her nonfiction, Jean Craighead George’s fiction
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more A
draws extensively not only from published material
one underlined part that must be changed to make the B
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. but also she had firsthand observations of animals
written English.
and ecological systems. No error
EXAMPLE: D E

16. Most ships move through the Suez Canal under their
A B C A B
own power, so extremely large ships must be
D
neutral states. No error C
E assisted by a tugboat. No error
D E
17. Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man is the story of a

12. Although they are not fast runners, wolves A
A nameless young Black man who ultimately decides to
could have maintained a loping run for many miles, B
B C forge his own identity rather than accept the one
running throughout the night if necessary. No error C D
D E assigned to him. No error
E
13. The credit for making Franz Kafka internationally
A 18. The Sun was shining for nearly five billion years and
famous as a writer belong to his friend, novelist Max A
B is thought to have sufficient thermonuclear fuel
Brod, who edited Kafka’s unpublished manuscripts B C
C in its core to shine for about another five billion.
and then had them published, despite Kafka’s dying D
D
No error
wishes to the contrary. No error E
E
14. Unlike country-and-western bands, which often

A B
feature the harmonica, banjo, or fiddle, rock bands
tended to use electronic equipment, including

C D
amplifiers, guitars, and organs. No error
E
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200
19. The study showed that children who consumed 23. The United States is the world’s largest producer of
A B A
small amounts of added sugars eating on average cranberries and cranberry products, most of which
C B
one serving more of grains per day than did is consumed there and in Canada. No error
D C D E
children who ate larger amounts of these same
24. Almost all animals that hibernate prepare for it
sugars. No error A B
E during summer by eating large amounts of food,
C
20. In many parts of the world where grasses cover vast which they convert to thick layers of fat. No error
A D E
expanses of land, periodic, controlled burning
25. Among birds that forage in tree trunks, nuthatches are
is practiced in order to keep woody brush A
B the only ones that regularly feed with their heads facing
from gaining a foothold and it stimulates continuing B
C D downward, when they often find food in bark crevices
grass growth. No error C
E overlooked in their upward search. No error
D E
21. The newspaper reported that having the increase in
A B 26. If you can acquire the necessary calories by drinking
the minimum wage, many people are still having A B
C gasoline instead of by eating food, you would be able
trouble making ends meet. No error C
D E to run 26 miles on about one-twelfth of a gallon of
D
22. Used primarily in the United States and Canada, gas. No error
A E
American Sign Language, which comprises hand
B
signs, facial expressions, and fingerspelling, including
C
many regional differences and slang. No error
D E
-35-
201
27. In many large cities in the United States, the presence 29. By the early 1920’s, Louis Armstrong recorded
A
of a culturally diverse population has led to repeated his first solos as a member of King Oliver’s Creole
A B B
calls that curricula taught wholly or partly in Jazz Band in such pieces as “Chimes Blues” and
C D C
languages other than English. No error “Tears,” which he composed with pianist Lil Hardin.
E D
No error
28. Of ancient origin , the game of checkers was played in E
A B
Egypt during the time of the pharaohs and
C
is mentioned in the writings of Homer and Plato.
D
No error
E
-36-
202
31. Which is the best way to combine sentences 3 and 4

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an (reproduced below)?
In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named
Read the passage and select the best answers for the Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars. He had a high-
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular powered telescope that he used to look at Mars.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named
to consider organization and development. In choosing Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars by a high-
answers, follow the requirements of standard written powered telescope.
English. (B) In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named
Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars with a high-
powered telescope that he used to look at Mars.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage. (C) In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named
Giovanni Schiaparelli studied Mars, he had a
(1) The early history of astronomy was full of high-powered telescope that he used.
misunderstandings. (2) Some of them were funny, it's like (D) In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named
the controversy of the "canali" on Mars. (3) In the late Giovanni Schiaparelli used a high-powered
1800’s an Italian astronomer named Giovanni Schiaparelli telescope to study Mars.
studied Mars. (4) He had a high-powered telescope that he (E) In the late 1800’s an Italian astronomer named
used to look at Mars. (5) Schiaparelli thought he saw Giovanni Schiaparelli, using a high-powered
channels criss-crossing the planet's surface. (6) He was telescope to look, studied Mars.
intrigued: perhaps these channels were evidence that Mars
had great flowing rivers like the Earth. (7) Schiaparelli
32. Which word would be best to insert at the beginning of
made charts of the surface of Mars and labeled it with the
sentence 10 (reproduced below)?
Italian word "canali."
(8) Unfortunately, "canali" can be translated into Some people translated "canali" as "canals," word
English as either "channels" or "canals." (9) Channels and began to spread that the lines Schiaparelli saw through
canals are two different things because channels are formed his telescope were actually canals that had been built
naturally by water, while canals are constructed by people. by intelligent beings.
(10) Some people translated "canali" as "canals," word
(A) Whereas
began to spread that the lines Schiaparelli saw through his
(B) However
telescope were actually canals that had been built by
(C) If
intelligent beings. (11) One of them was an amateur
(D) Although
astronomer named Percival Lowell. (12) He wrote a series
(E) Because
of best-selling books. (13) In these books Lowell
publicized the notion that these "canals" were built by
Martian farmers who understood irrigation. 33. What is the best version of the underlined portion of
(14) In 1965 a U.S. spacecraft flying close to the sentence 11 (reproduced below)?
surface of Mars sent back conclusive pictures. One of them was an amateur astronomer named
(15) There are no prominent channels anywhere on Percival Lowell.
the planet. (16) Lowell and Schiaparelli saw what
they wanted to see. (17) Lowell was wrong, of (A) (As it is now)
course, but so was Schiaparelli. (B) One of the most intelligent was
(C) This idea was popularized by
(D) It was spread even more by someone else,
30. Which is the best version of the underlined portion of (E) The person who solved the problem was
sentence 2 (reproduced below)?
Some of them were funny, it's like the controversy of
the "canali" on Mars.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) funny; it's like
(C) funny, like
(D) funny, even
(E) as funny as
-37-
203
34. What is the best way to combine sentences 12 and 13 35. What would best replace "it" in sentence 15
(reproduced below)? (reproduced below)?
He wrote a series of bestselling books. In these books According to these images, there are no prominent
Lowell publicized the notion that these "canals" were channels anywhere on it.
built by Martian farmers who understood irrigation.
(A) the planet
(A) In a series of bestselling books, Lowell publicized (B) the spacecraft
the notion that these "canals" were built by (C) the pictures
Martian farmers who understood irrigation. (D) these
(B) He wrote a series of books that was a bestseller (E) them
and publicized the notion that these "canals"
were built by Martian farmers who understood
irrigation.
(C) His books that were bestsellers publicized the
notion that these "canals" were built by Martian
farmers who understood irrigation.
(D) He wrote a series of bestselling books; Lowell
publicized the notion that these "canals" were
built by Martian farmers who understood
irrigation.
(E) In these books, which were bestsellers, Lowell
publicized the notion that these "canals" were
built by Martian farmers who understood
irrigation.
STOP
-38-
204
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
3. In both his longer and his shorter works of fiction,

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness Gabriel García Márquez achieves the rare feat to be
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence accessible to the common reader while satisfying the
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of most demanding of sophisticated critics.
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) to be
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) for being
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) of being
one of the other choices. (D) that he is
(E) that they are
4. In 1977, Jann Wenner, the founder of Rolling Stone,
moved the magazine’s offices from San Francisco to
New York City, there he began developing a slicker,
more commercial style of magazine and began
ambiguity.
cultivating relationships with major advertisers.
EXAMPLE: (A) there
(B) then
(C) where
(D) so
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (E) which is when
(C) at age sixty-five years old 5. Covering about 120 square miles, the New York City
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years borough of Queens is almost as large as if you combine
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island.
(A) if you combine Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten
Island
1. The first 10,000 United States patents, they were (B) when Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island are
known as the X-patents, were burned in a fire in 1836. combined
(A) they were known (C) Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
(B) which they knew combined
(C) which they know (D) if Manhattan were to combine with the Bronx and
(D) to be known Staten Island
(E) known (E) combining Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten
Island
2. Winston knew that if he practiced often enough he
would one day be able to play the piano as well as his
brother’s playing.
(A) his brother’s playing
(B) that of his brother
(C) his brother’s
(D) his brother could
(E) what his brother did
-50-
205
6. While cotton is still one of Georgia’s chief cash crops, 10. Cryonics — the technique used to store human bodies
the number of acres devoted to its cultivation grows at extremely low temperatures with the hope of one
smaller every year. day reviving them — are being performed today, but
their technology is still in its infancy.
(A) devoted to its cultivation grows
(B) it devotes to the cultivation of it grow (A) are being performed today, but their technology
(C) they devoted to its cultivation can grow (B) are being performed today, while the technology
(D) devoted to its cultivation growing (C) which is being performed today, using technology
(E) they devoted to the cultivation of it are growing that
(D) is being performed today, but their technology
7. Unlike flying squirrels, which may leave their young in (E) is being performed today, but the technology
a tree cavity while foraging, the babies of flying lemurs
are usually carried with them. 11. In science fiction stories, robots are generally depicted
as working in the service of humanity, often escaping
(A) the babies of flying lemurs are usually carried
the control of their human masters and doing them
(B) the flying lemur’s babies are usually carried
harm.
(C) the flying lemur is usually carrying its babies
(D) flying lemurs usually carry their babies (A) often escaping the control of their human masters
(E) flying lemurs’ babies are usually carried and doing
(B) often escaping being controlled by their human
8. Born Charles Hardin Holley, Buddy Holly recorded masters, which does
some of the most distinctive and influential songs in (C) but they often escape the control of their human
rock-and-roll music, which includes such classics as masters and do
“That'll Be the Day,” “Rave On,” and “Peggy Sue.” (D) but they often escaped their controlling human
masters, and it does
(A) which includes (E) but often escaping their controlling human
(B) they include masters, which does
(C) also including
(D) including
12. The first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize,
(E) these include
Arundhati Roy’s debut novel, The God of Small
Things, received the honor in 1997.
9. Chipmunks do not technically hibernate, but they do
(A) The first Indian woman to win the Booker Prize,
remain in their dens or burrows during cold periods.
Arundhati Roy’s debut novel, The God of Small
(A) hibernate, but they do remain Things, received the honor in 1997.
(B) hibernate, but remaining (B) Arundhati Roy, the first Indian woman to win the
(C) hibernate, but they remained Booker Prize for her debut novel The God of
(D) hibernate, they remain Small Things, receiving the honor in 1997.
(E) hibernate, remaining (C) The first Indian woman to receive the Booker
Prize, Arundhati Roy won the honor in 1997 for
her debut novel, The God of Small Things.
(D) The Booker Prize was given to Arundhati Roy’s
debut novel The God of Small Things, winning
her the first such honor for an Indian woman in
1997.
(E) Arundhati Roy, winning the Booker Prize in 1997
for her debut novel The God of Small Things,
made her the first Indian woman to do so.
-51-
206
13. Pilots at the airline, angered at the prospect of seeing 14. This basic document is stating the liberties guaranteed
their pension plans replaced with less generous to the English people, the Magna Carta, signed in 1215
versions, vowed to use legal means to fight it. by England’s King John, proclaims rights that have
formed the foundation of the constitutions of every
(A) it
English-speaking nation.
(B) them
(C) this (A) This basic document is stating
(D) such a move (B) This basic document states
(E) that from happening (C) A basic document, it states
(D) A basic document that states
(E) A basic document, it stated
STOP
-52-
207
SECTION 5
Time — 25 minutes
35 Questions
3. The plans were made too hastily, without enough

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness thought behind it.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) too hastily, without enough thought behind it
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (B) too hasty, without enough thought behind it
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (C) too hastily, without enough thought behind them
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (D) too hasty, and there is not enough thought behind
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select them
one of the other choices. (E) too hastily, and there is not enough thought
behind it
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. 4. Many psychologists do not use hypnosis in their
Your selection should result in the most effective practices, it is because they know very little about it
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or and are wary of it as a result.
ambiguity. (A) practices, it is because they know very little about
it and are wary of it as a result
EXAMPLE: (B) practices because they know very little about it
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book and are therefore wary of it
and she was sixty-five years old then. (C) practices for the reason that they know very little
about it, with resulting wariness
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (D) practices because of knowing very little about it
(B) when she was sixty-five and therefore they are wary of it
(C) at age sixty-five years old (E) practices, their knowledge of it being very little
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years results in wariness of it
5. No two of the specimens was sufficiently alike to
warrant them being called members of a single species.
1. Inside famed actor Lily Langtry’s private railroad car (A) was sufficiently alike to warrant them being called
were a drawing room with a piano, bath fixtures of (B) was sufficiently alike to warrant the calling of
silver, and there were draperies trimmed with Brussels them
lace. (C) was sufficiently alike to warrant their being called
(A) there were draperies trimmed with Brussels lace (D) were sufficiently alike to warrant the calling of
(B) draperies trimmed with Brussels lace them
(C) trimmed with Brussels lace were draperies (E) were sufficiently alike to warrant calling them
(D) the draperies were trimmed with Brussels lace
(E) draperies trimmed with Brussels lace were there
2. Samuel Adams was by no means the first American

to espouse the democratic cause, but he has been the
first who conceived the party machinery that made
it practical.
(A) has been the first who conceived
(B) had been the first who conceived
(C) was the first having conceived
(D) was the first to conceive
(E) having been the first to conceive
208
6. My grandson thinks he can cook better than any other 9. Small marine crustaceans known as krill are often fed
person at the fair; and he has the blue ribbons to to farm animals, but there is not much human
prove it. consumption.
(A) My grandson thinks he can cook better than (A) animals, but there is not much human
any other person at the fair; and he consumption
(B) My grandson thinks he can cook better than (B) animals, but consumption is not done much by
any other person at the fair, and he people
(C) My grandson thinks he can cook better than (C) animals but are rarely eaten by people
any person at the fair, consequently he (D) animals, but eating them is rarely done by humans
(D) To think he can cook better than any other (E) animals, but among people there is not much
person at the fair, my grandson consumption
(E) Thinking he can cook better than any other
person at the fair, my grandson 10. The educator’s remarks stressed that well-funded
literacy programs are needed if everyone is to gain
7. Differing only slightly from the Greeks were the the skills required for survival in society.
Roman theaters, which were often freestanding rather
(A) that well-funded literacy programs are needed
than part of a hillside.
if everyone is to gain
(A) Differing only slightly from the Greeks were the (B) that well-funded literacy programs needed in
Roman theaters, which gaining
(B) Differing only slightly from Greek theaters, (C) there is a need of well-funded literacy programs
Roman theaters for everyone will gain
(C) Differing only in the slightest from the Greeks (D) a need for well-funded literacy programs and
were the Roman theaters, which everyone will gain
(D) The Greeks differed only slightly from the (E) why well-funded literacy programs being
Romans, they necessary for everyone in gaining
(E) The Greek theaters differed from the Roman
theaters only slightly, where they 11. The Portuguese musical tradition known as fado, or
“fate,” has been called the Portuguese blues because of
8. When chronological order is followed too their songs that bemoan someone’s misfortune,
mechanically, they are obscuring rather than especially the loss of romantic love.
clarifying important relationships.
(A) of their songs that bemoan someone’s
(A) When chronological order is followed too (B) of their songs bemoaning their
mechanically, they are obscuring rather (C) its songs bemoan
than clarifying important relationships. (D) the songs that bemoaned
(B) When chronological order is followed too (E) of how it bemoans their
mechanically, it obscures rather than clarifying
important relationships.
(C) Chronological order, if too mechanically
followed, obscures rather than it clarifies
important relationships.
(D) Chronological order, if followed too mechan-
ically, obscures rather than clarifies important
relationships.
(E) If you follow a too mechanical chronological
order, it obscures rather than clarifies important
relationships.
209
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 15. Formed by volcanic eruptions over the last five
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined million years, the Hawaiian Islands containing an
one underlined part that must be changed to make the incredibly wide variety of species—many found
written English. nowhere else on Earth. No error
D E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 16. Because the owl is usually nocturnal plus being
A B C A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the virtually noiseless in flight, it is seldom seen by the
D C D
casual observer. No error
E
E
17. An economical and efficient recycling center

A
12. Every year, toy manufacturers gather groups of
A is accessible to the public, responsive to community
B
children into playrooms, observing their choices of
needs, and comply with current federal regulations
C
toys as predicting which new products will become
B C governing waste disposal. No error
D E
the most popular . No error
D E
18. Jean Toomer was not only the author of Cane, a
13. During the last fifty years, we come to take radio A
A B C novel whose publication has been viewed as marking

communication for granted, but the mere suggestion B C
the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, but also
that we could communicate in such a fashion
D a respected advisor among Quakers . No error
must once have seemed outlandish. No error D E
E
19. Election returns came in from upstate New York
14. The uncompromising tone of a recent city hall A
A quite rapid , but the results from New York City

ordinance concerning the blocking of emergency B
B were known even faster . No error

vehicles in traffic jams carry a stern warning to C D E
C D
motorists. No error
E
210
20. As we rely more and more on the Internet, your need 26. Like his other cookbooks, in his new book
A B A
for effective security planning and design to safeguard Chef Louis offers lengthy explanations of what
C B
data has increased. No error he considers to be basic cooking principles. No error
D E C D E
21. The book is essentially a detailed and 27. Paul Ecke, flower grower and hybridizer, became
A A
very well documented record of what happened known as “Mr. Poinsettia” after developing new
B C B
to each of the protestors. No error varieties of the flower and by pioneering it
D E C
as a living symbol of Christmas. No error
22. Experts agree that permanently modifying eating and D E
A
exercise habits rather than merely dieting for brief 28. Long thought of as a quiet, stuffy place
B A B
periods are the key to controlling weight. No error where people just borrowed books, libraries
C D E C
have been changing their images dramatically
23. The ability to control the plots of our dreams is D
A B over the last few years. No error
a skill, researchers have shown , that we can learn E
C
if you want to change recurrent dreams. No error 29. To understand twentieth-century economic practices,
D E A
we must be sufficiently familiar with Keynesian
24. In swimming as to soccer, Evangelina proved time B C
A B theories, whether one agrees with them or not.
after time to be an abler competitor than Juanita. D
C D No error
No error
E
E
25. The common cold is one of our most indiscriminate

A
diseases; it makes no distinction between
B C
you and me , millionaires and paupers, or athletes and
D
couch potatoes. No error
E
211
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an 30. What is the best way to deal with sentence 1
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. (reproduced below) ?
Read the passage and select the best answers for the Not many children leave elementary school
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular and they have not heard of Pocahontas’ heroic rescue
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve of John Smith from her own people, the Powhatans.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) Leave it as it is.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (B) Switch its position with that of sentence 2.
answers, follow the requirements of standard written (C) Change “leave” to “have left”.
English. (D) Change “and they have not heard” to “without
having heard”.
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage. (E) Remove the comma and insert “known as the”.
(1) Not many children leave elementary school and they 31. In context, which of the following is the best way to
have not heard of Pocahontas’ heroic rescue of John Smith revise the underlined wording in order to combine
from her own people, the Powhatans. (2) Generations of sentences 3 and 4 ?
Americans have learned the story of a courageous Indian The captive himself reported the incident. According to
princess who threw herself between the Virginia colonist that report, Pocahontas held his head in her arms and
and the clubs raised to end his life. (3) The captive himself laid her own upon his to save him from death.
reported the incident. (4) According to that report,
Pocahontas held his head in her arms and laid her own (A) The captive himself reported the incident,
upon his to save him from death. according to which
(5) But can Smith’s account be trusted? (6) Probably (B) Since then, the captive reported the incident,
it cannot, say several historians interested in dispelling which said that
myths about Pocahontas. (7) According to these experts, (C) Consequently, the captive himself reports that
in his eagerness to find patrons for future expeditions, (D) It seems that in the captive’s report of the incident
Smith changed the facts in order to enhance his image. he says that
(8) Portraying himself as the object of a royal princess’ (E) According to the captive’s own report of the
devotion may have merely been a good public relations incident,
ploy. (9) Research into Powhatan culture suggests that
what Smith described as an execution might have been 32. Which of the following phrases is the best to insert at
merely a ritual display of strength. (10) Smith may have the beginning of sentence 10 to link it
been a character in a drama in which even Pocahontas to sentence 9 ?
was playing a role. (A) Far from being in mortal danger,
(11) As ambassador from the Powhatans to the (B) If what he says is credible,
Jamestown settlers, Pocahontas headed off confrontations (C) What grade school history never told you
between mutually suspicious parties. (12) Later, after her is this:
marriage to colonist John Rolfe, Pocahontas traveled to (D) They were just performing a ritual, and
England, where her diplomacy played a large part in (E) But quite to the contrary,
gaining support for the Virginia Company.
212
33. Which of the following best describes the relationship 35. What information is most logical to add immediately
between sentences 9 and 10 ? after sentence 12 ?
(A) Sentence 10 concludes that the theory mentioned (A) How Rolfe and Pocahontas happened to meet and
in sentence 9 is wrong. marry
(B) Sentence 10 adds to information reported in (B) Details about other versions of the legend
sentence 9. concerning John Smith
(C) Sentence 10 provides an example to illustrate an (C) Reasons for the confrontations between the
idea presented in sentence 9. Powhatans and the Jamestown settlers
(D) Sentence 10 poses an argument that contradicts (D) An account of Rolfe’s life and work in Virginia
the point made in sentence 9. (E) A brief summary of the other public events in
(E) Sentence 10 introduces a new source that confirms Pocahontas’ life
the claims made in sentence 9.
34. Which of the following would be the best sentence to

insert before sentence 11 to introduce the third
paragraph?
(A) It is crucial to consider the political successes as
well as the shortcomings of Pocahontas.
(B) The Pocahontas of legend is the most interesting,
but the historical Pocahontas is more believable.
(C) If legend has overemphasized the bravery of
Pocahontas, it has underplayed her political
talents.
(D) To really know Pocahontas, we must get beyond
myth and legend to the real facts about her
private life.
(E) Perhaps we will never really know the real
Pocahontas.
STOP
213
SECTION 10
Time — 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. A whistle-blower is when an employee reports fraud or

mismanagement in a company.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) when an employee reports fraud or
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the mismanagement
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) an employee who reports fraud or
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence mismanagement
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) reporting by an employee of fraud or
one of the other choices. mismanagement
(D) if an employee reports fraud or mismanagement
(E) fraud or mismanagement being reported
by an employee
sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or 3. After Eliza, the heroine of Shaw’s Pygmalion, is
ambiguity. transformed from a flower girl into a gentlewoman, she
realizes that one’s social class matters less than your
EXAMPLE: character.
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (A) she realizes that one’s social class matters less
and she was sixty-five years old then. than your
(B) she realizes that one’s social class matters less
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then than one’s
(B) when she was sixty-five (C) then realizing that one’s social class matters less
(C) at age sixty-five years old than their
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (D) having realized how social class matters less than
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (E) there is her realization about how social class
matters less than
1. The sales assistant arranged the gems on the counter, 4. Knowing the roots of words that are hard to spell helps
he proceeded to tell us about the origins of each stone. students to become a better speller.
(A) The sales assistant arranged the gems on the (A) helps students to become a better speller
counter, he (B) is helpful to students who want to be a better
(B) The gems, which were arranged on the counter by speller
the sales assistant, who (C) helps students to become better spellers
(C) The gems were first arranged on the counter by (D) is helpful to students in becoming a better speller
the sales assistant, then (E) helps a student be better spellers
(D) After arranging the gems on the counter, the sales
assistant
(E) The sales assistant, having arranged the gems on
the counter, he
214
5. Most experts believe that young children’s not being 8. Being cleaner and longer-burning compared with
given physical affection, this interferes with their bituminous coal, anthracite was the first coal widely
normal development. used in the United States for both domestic and
industrial purposes.
(A) young children’s not being given physical
affection, this interferes (A) Being cleaner and longer-burning compared with
(B) for young children who have had physical (B) Both cleaner and more longer-burning
affection withheld from them, it interferes compared to
(C) the failure at giving young children physical (C) Cleaner and longer-burning than
affection would interfere (D) By burning longer and more clean than
(D) when withholding physical affection from (E) Cleaner as well as longer-burning, unlike
young children, it interferes
(E) the withholding of physical affection from 9. At graduation, the speaker assured us that our many
young children interferes courses in the liberal arts had prepared us equally well
for the challenges of working and further study.
6. Electronic bulletin boards, combining the
(A) had prepared us equally well for the challenges of
convenience of a telephone with the massive
working and further study
information storage capacity of a computer, present
(B) had prepared us equally well for the challenges of
messages on diverse subjects as astronomy, artificial
work and of further study
intelligence, and skydiving.
(C) has supplied the preparation for challenging work
(A) diverse subjects as along with further study
(B) diverse subjects that are (D) leaves us prepared for the challenges of
(C) subjects of such diversity as work and further study both
(D) subjects as diverse as (E) were the preparation for making the challenges of
(E) a subject as diverse as work or further study easier
7. Free from British rule after the American Revolution, a 10. Modern bluegrass songs, telling of love and despair
strong central government was an idea that many of the and celebrating mountain beauty, reflect the genre’s
representatives attending the Constitutional rural origins.
Convention were wary of.
(A) Modern bluegrass songs, telling of love and
(A) a strong central government was an idea that despair and celebrating mountain beauty,
many of the representatives attending the (B) Modern bluegrass songs through their telling
Constitutional Convention were wary of of love and despair and celebrating mountain
(B) the idea of a strong central government made beauty,
wary many of the representatives attending the (C) Because modern bluegrass songs tell of love
Constitutional Convention and despair and also celebrating mountain
(C) many of the representatives attending the beauty, they
Constitutional Convention were wary of (D) With modern bluegrass songs that tell of love and
a strong central government despair and celebrate mountain beauty, they
(D) many representatives at the Constitutional (E) Telling of love and despair, modern bluegrass
Convention felt wary toward a strong central songs celebrating mountain beauty, and
government they also
(E) many representatives at the Constitutional
Convention, wary of a strong central
government
215
11. The fruit fly is often used to study genetic mechanisms, 13. This legend about Admiral Nelson, like other
because it reproduces rapidly scientists can observe the naval heroes, are based only partially on fact.
effects of experiments on several generations.
(A) like other naval heroes, are
(A) mechanisms, because it reproduces rapidly (B) like those of other naval heroes, are
(B) mechanisms, since it reproduces rapidly, (C) like other naval heroes, is
(C) mechanisms, since, with its rapid reproduction, (D) like legends about other naval heroes, are
(D) mechanisms; because it reproduces rapidly, (E) like legends about other naval heroes, is
(E) mechanisms; then rapid reproduction allows
14. Bats and mosquitoes come out at twilight, and the bats
12. Benin was the first sub-Saharan African country to would look for mosquitoes and the mosquitoes would
experience a “civilian coup”: they were a regime that look for people.
was dominated by the armed forces and obliged by
(A) and the bats would look for mosquitoes
citizens to implement democratic reforms.
and the mosquitoes would look
(A) they were a regime that was dominated by (B) and the bats come to look for mosquitoes while
the armed forces and obliged by the mosquitoes look
(B) they had been a regime that was dominated by the (C) the bats look for mosquitoes and the mosquitoes
armed forces, when they were obliged to are looking
(C) it had a regime, armed forces dominating, but then (D) the bats looking for mosquitoes while mosquitoes
were obliged to would look
(D) armed forces dominated them until this regime (E) the bats to look for mosquitoes and the
were obliged by mosquitoes to look
(E) a regime, dominated by the armed forces, was
obliged by
STOP
216
5 5 5 5 5
1...-
SECTION 5
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
Directions: For eac h question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.
2. In spite of the ban on cigarette advertisements on

television, the sale of cigarettes have increased
pleasing to manufacturers, but not to hea lth officials .
is underlined ; beneath each sentence are five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) have increased, pleasing to manufacturers , but not
ori gi nal phrasi ng ; the other four choices are different. If to health officials
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) have increased, which is not pleasing to health
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not, select officials, but to manufacturers
one of the other choices. (C) has increased; manufacturers are pleased, not
health officials
In making yo ur selection, follow the requirements of
CD) has increased, pleasing manufacturers but not
standard written English; that is , pay attention to grammar,
health officials
choice of words , sentence construction, and punctuation.
(E) has increased: this is not pleasin g to health
officials, but manufacturers
ambiguity.
3. What the fire ant does be sides bitin g people and
livestock and harming them is build intricate tunnels
EXAMPLE:
under small rural roads and this causes potholes.
Laura Ingall s Wilder published her first book
(A) What the fire ant does besides biting people and
livestock and harming them is build intricate
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then tunnels under smalL rural roads and this causes ....
(B) when she was sixty-five potholes.
(C) at age sixty-five years old (B) Causing potholes , the fire ant builds intric ate
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years tunnels under small, rural roads, and it harm s
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five people and livestock with its bite.
0 e ©®® (C) Causing potholes, they even undermine small,
rural roads by building intricate tunnels, which
is what the fire ant does beside s harming people
1. Hoping to buy a first edition of a book by and livestock with its bite.
Charles Chesnutt for her collection, Kathy (D) The fire ant, biting people anclli vestock to harm
was disappointed to discover the book 's them, even undermines small. rural roads by
[laving been sold. building intricate tunnels that cause potholes.
(A) the book's having been sold (El The fire ant, in addition to hanning people and
( 11)that the book had been sold livestock with its bite, can undermine small.
(C) there having been a sale of the book rural roads by building intricate tunnels that
(D) that the book having been sold cause potholes.
(E ) the book 's sale
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-30-
217
5 5 5 5 5
4. Uncertain about how to use the new machine, 7. A few barges still move oil up to Hartford, but in the
he asked the manufacturer to send more sQecific old da):'s the):' had more traffic then.
instructions than those provided.
(A) but in the old days they had more traffic then
(A) he asked the manufacturer to send more specific (B) but in the old days traffic was heavier
instructions (C) but in the old days they had a lot more
(B) he asked that the manufacturer would send more (D) whereas the traffic was a lot more in the old days
specific instructions (E) whereas then there was more traffic in the
(C) he asked for more specific instructions that the old days
) manufacturer would send
(D) more specific instructions were requested by him 8. Milt Jackson, a remarkable musician who embodied
from the manufacturer the very spirit of jazz no matter where or with whom
(E) more specific instructions from the manufacturer he played.
are being asked for by him
(A) Jackson, a remarkable musician who embodied
(B) Jackson, who was a remarkable musician,
5. Enman will visit the club at which he got his start
embodying
during this week's jazz festival.
(e) Jackson who was a remarkable musician and
(A) Enman will visit the club at which he got his start who embodied
during this week's jazz festival. (D) Jackson, a remarkable musician embodying
(B ) During the jazz festival Enman will visit the club tE) Jackson was a remarkable musician who
at which he got hi s start thi s week. embodied
(e) Enman wil l visit the club during this week's jazz
festival at which he got his start. 9. The author's mystery stories have received consider-
(D) During this week's jazz festival, Enman will visit able acclaim from critics, being so Qrecise the):' sa):' not
the club at which he got his start. a word is superfluous.
(E) This week Enman will visit the club at which he
(A) from critics, being so precise they say
got his start during the jazz festival.
(B) from critics saying they are so precise and
(e) from critics who say the writing is so pre-
6. Technological advances in the exploration of ship-
cise that
wreck sites have led to a controversy between those
(D) with critics say ing the writing has such
who seek historical knowledge or treasure hu nters.
preClseness as
(A) who seek historical knowledge or treasure hunters (E) being written, as critics said, so precisel y
(B ) where seeking historical knowledge or hunting
treasure 10. An ancient superstition holds that whistling on ship-
(e) who seek historical knowledge and those who board will call up a storm, and, if in a mine, causes a
hunt for treasure cave-in.
(0) seeking historical knowledge and opposing them
(A) if in a mine, causes a cave-in
are treasure hunters
(E) seekers of historical knowledge while others are (B) when in a min e, causing a cave-in
hunters for treasure Ee) to be the cause of a cave-in in a mine
(D) in a mine, will cause a cave-in
(E) causing a cave-in in a mine
218
5 5 5· 5 5
11. The poetry of Wallace Stevens is seldom taught to the 14. The Thoroughbred racehorse is a breed said to descend
average high school student because of its difficulty in from three Arabian stallions brought to Britain in the
understanding. 1600' s, they have passed along their characteristics
consistently ever since.
(A) of its difficulty in understanding
(B) it is difficult to understand (A) stallions brought to Britain in the 1600's, they
(C) of the difficulty they have in understanding it have passed along their characteristics consis- t-
(D) understanding it has difficulty tently ever since
(E) its understanding is difficult for them (B) stallions, they were brought to Britain in the
1600' s and have passed along their character-
12. Though the incumbents insist that they are sympa- istics corTI;istently ever since
thetic to the concerns of minority groups, I see very (C) stallions, brought to Britain in the 1600' s, they
little difference between their opponents and they in have passed along their characteristics consis-
attitudes or actions. tently ever since
(D) stallions brought to Britain in the 1600's; their
(A) between their opponents and they in at6tudes characteristics have been passed along consis-
or actions tently ever since
(B) between their opponents' attitudes and actions (E) stallions; they were brought to Britain in the
and them
1600' s, ever since then their characteristics have
(C) between their opponents and them on the basis
been passed along consistently
of attitude and actions
(D) between their attitudes or actions and their
tS. Attaching great importance to his drawings and
opponents
sketches, Durer considered them all worth signing and
(E) between their attitudes and actions and those of
dating.
their opponents
(A) Durer considered them all worth signing and
13. It is clear that the tax law becoming better understoo dating
new approaches to reducing taxes will be discovered. (B) they were, in Durer's eyes, all worth signing and
dating
(A) that the tax law becoming better understood, (C) all of them were considered worth Durer's signing
(B) that, as the tax law becomes better understood, and dating
(C) that the tax law becomes better understood while
(D) to Durer, they were all considered worth being
(D) that, if the tax law will become better understood, signed and dated
(E) that, as the tax law will become better understood, (E) Durer's signing and da6ng all of them was consi-
dered worthwhile
16. The new law brings up many questions, the first is

whether prohibiting the sale of certain magazines to
minors is a violation of the First Amendment.
(A) the first is
(B) the first of which is
(C) and the first of which being
CD) which the first is
(E) the first having been
~--~----------~~
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V
-32-
219
5 5· 5 5 5
17. Attracted by the colorful banners, booths featuring 19. An extraordinary pianist, Arthur Rubinstein's
various ethnic foods tempted the fair-goers. performance was enthusiasticallv applauded by his
audiences, who always demanded encores.
(A) booths featuring various ethnic foods tempted the
fair-goers . (A) Arthur Rubinstein's performance was enthusias-
(B) booths featured various ethnic foods that tempted tically applauded by his audiences, who always
the fair-goers demanded encores
(C) the fair-goers being tempted by booths featuring (B) Arthur Rubinstein was enthusiastically applauded
various ethnic foods for his performance by his audiences, encores
(D) the various ethnic foods featured in the booths were always demanded
tempted the fair-goers (C) Arthur Rubinstein was enthusiastically applauded
(E) the fair-goers found the various ethnic foods by his audiences, always demanding encores
featured in the booths tempting CD) Arthur Rubinstein's audience enthusiastically
applauded his performance with encores always
18. Each of the English teachers participating in the work- being demanded .
shop consider Hamlet as the most psychologically (E) Arthur Rubinstein was enthusiastically applauded
complex of Shakespeare's tragedies. by his audiences, who always demanded encores
(A) Each of the English teachers participating in the
20. A great performance of a play both stimulates us to
workshop consider Hamlet as
think and enlarges our capacity for feeling.
(B) Each English teacher who participates in the
workshop consider Hamlet to be (A). both' stimulates us to think and enlarges our
(C) Each of the English teachers participating in the capacity for feeling
workshop considers Hamlet (B) stimulates our thinking enlarges our feeling
CD) Participating in the workshop, each of the capacity too
English teachers who consider Hamlet (C) both is a stimulus to our thinking and an enlarge-
(E) English teachers who are each participating ment of our capacity to feel
in the workshop considers Hamlet (D) is stimulating to our thinking and enlarging our
capacity for feeling too
(E) is both a stimulus to our thinking and enlarges our
feeling capacity

220
5 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. It is an unfortunately but well-documented fact that
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined much Middle English verse reflecting political
one underlined part that must be changed to make the controversies has been lost. No error
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. D E
written English.
24. The electronic computer is a technological triumph that
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately scientists have developed, mastered, and then put it
ABC
A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the to constantly increasing use. No error
D C D E
E 25. f he ability of the candidate to respond
A
clearly and succinctly to community concerns
21. The team, which were never finishing higher than
B
A B
are helping her to maintain a lead in the polls.
ninth place, surprised fans by finally winning the
C D
e D
No error
state championship. No error
E
E
26. On early maps Brazil was shown as an

22. Meteors become visible when the friction caused by
A B A
island , undoubtedly because its great area
the speed with which they pass through Earth's
B
C
has not yet been fully explored. No enor
atmosphere makes them glowing. No elTor
D E
e D E
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-34-
221
5 5 5 5 5
27. If pressed hard enough, all but the most naIve 31. . In a mere teaspoon of topso il, there is likely to be
A B A -B- C
people probably would adrrilt that complete political more than two billion microscopic organisms.
C D
freedom is an ideal rather than being a reality. No error
D E
No error
E 32. Even people with limited knowledge of American Sign
28. Because they provide realistic models for decision- Language agree that it has expressive powers that
A B A B
making in situations involving risk and uncertainty, are equal to or perhaps greater than that of spoken
C .C D
games like poker interest many politicians and English. No error
D E
military strategists. No error
E 33. Its strategic location and its importance to so many
A B
29. Concerned that the government was collecting religions are two of the reasons that the Middle East
A C
more than it was spending, the Jackson admini- has and will continue to be a vo latile part of the
B C D
stration sponsored a bill authorizing loans of the world. N o errOl
D E
surplus to the states. No error
E 34. To a degree , the past is what people have interpreted
A
30. In 1972, while serving as a congressional it to be; nevertheless , it is fixed, and to suppose it
A B B C
representa\ive from New York, Shirley Chisholm changeable is to be fooli sh indeed. No error
C D E
became the first African American woman
to endeavor the presidential norrilnation. No error

D E
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE\
222
5 5 5 5
35. Which of the following is the best version of sentence 7
I Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an
c~sa) . Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten .
"" (reproduced below) ?
Resulting in a searing expose that got the attention of
reformers and readers alike.
II
,entcnc es or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (A) (As it is now)
I sent t'nce struc ture or word choice . Other questions ask you (B) Resulting in getting the attention of reformers and
I to co nsi de r orgp ni zalion and development. In choosing readers alike because of its searing expose.
I an swe rs, follow th e requirem ents of standard written (C) What resulted was a scaring expose that go t the
English. attention of reformers and readers alike .
------------------------------------~ (D) It resulted in getting the attention of both refor-
mers and readers and interesting them in ~he
Questions 35-39 refer to the following passage. searing expose.
(E) A searing expose resulted, it caught the attention
(1) Nelli e 81y , whose real name was Elizabeth of reformers and readers alike.
Coch rane. was an Ameri can journalist who was famous in
her O\.\'n tim e for her daring news reporting. (2) In 1888, for 36. Which of the following is the best version of the und er-
e .x amplc. s he pretended to be a pati e nt for ten days in a li ned portion of sentence 8 (reproduced below ) ~-
menta l h(l ~p ital located on Black we ll ' s Island in New York
Cil'·. (3) Her purpose w as to gath er information for a story The mistreatment of patients was shown on the f ron t
ilbout the inhumane treatment of the patients there. (4) It page of "The New York World ": eventually th e (acilit'l,
took an enormous amo unt of courage to stay in thi s beinlJ closed.
dre~ldful pl ace . (Al (As it is now)
(5) It all started a lit ha vi ng h een a dare for this woman. (B) World ," and eventually the facilit y was closed
( ti ) "The :--\c'w York World" m~\l1aging editor, John (e) World"; they eventually closed the facility
C ode nll , wa nted so meon e to perform an outlandish stun t CD) World," which eventually led to its closing
ll) ;Illract more reade ls. (7) Res ulting in a searing expose (E) World"; it was eventuall y closed
th at ~() t rh e attentio n of refonllers and readers alike . (8) The
rni SI;eatmen t of patients was shown on the front page of 37. Of the following, which is the best version of the
"The New York World": eventu all y the facility being underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced be low) ')
('h ,;ccI.
l!)) l\)ellic Bly w as not only known for her ten-day stay
Nellie Bly was not only known for her ten-day staY at
at 13 Lk k\\'cll's 1s1and, but she was al so made famous for
Blackwell 's Island but she was also made famous for
D[hel' co urageo us feats. (10) In 1889, she travelled aro und
other courageous feats.
th e wo rld in o nl y 72 days . (1'1) Thi s stunt was an effort to (A) (as it is now)
heat the record set b y the fictional charac ter Phileas Fogg. (B) famous for ten days at Blackwell' S Island and it
i 12) The nove l he appeared in was " Around the World in w as she who became famous for
i '~ ht y Days." (13) The no ve l was written by Jules Verne. (C) known for her ten-da y stay at Bl ac kwell' s I sland :
( 1-\ ) There is an amu sement park in Brooklyn named besides, she was also famous for
"\ e lli e Bl y" that r lI sed to go to before I knew who . (D) famous not only for her te n-day stay at
Ne lli e 131 y was. Blackwell's Island and also kn own for
(E) famous not only for her ten-day stay at
Blackwell's Island but also for
~-
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGV

-36-
223
5 5 5 I
I
:ontext, which of the folloviing sentences would 39. Which of the following is the best way tu deal wi th
t revise and combine the underlined portions of sentence 14 (reproduced below) ')
tences II, 12, and 13 (reproduced below) ?
There is an amusemenl park il1 Brook!m IlUlllfd
S SIUn! wus an effort to bearthe record set by the "Nellie Bly" that I used to go 10 hefore I kllel\' ~\ '170
lUI/a! chamcter Phileas FORg. The novel he Nellie Bly was.
·eared in was '"Around the World in Eightv Davs. "
(A) Omit it.
~1Ovel was written by jules Verne.
(B) Move it to the beginning of paragraph three.
Phileas Fogg, the fictional character, the novel (el Divide it into two sentences.
he appeared in was Jules Verne's "Around the (D) Shorten it by deleting th e reference tu Brookly
World in Eighty Days." eE) Expand it by describing how the writer learned
a character of fiction named Phileas Fogg, he about Nellie Bly.
appeared in "Around the World in Eighty Days ,"
which was written hy Jules Verne.
Phileas Fogg, being in the novel "Around the
World in Eighty Days" by Jules Verne.
Phileas Fogg, a fictional character in Jules
Verne ' s no vel "Arou nd the World in Eighty
Days ."
the no ve l written by Jules Verne, "Around the
World in Eighty Day s" where the character
Phileas Fogg appeared.
STOP
r If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only_
224
.JG UlcS Wlliilil UIC~~ i dilyG~ Cdli tie ClJIISIUerl:U ~ilnilQI lU YOiiiS;
80 _~
_ _ _ __ _ _ 1BiII 20 _ aD. 20
_ T7711'7. ..._ _ ~_ii
50 58 69 77 52 50
You scored higher than 720/0 of juniors. You scored higher than 98% of juniors.
... ; '______-at--
5Il0/0 1000/0 5Il0/0 100%
=-I~.~~· .
SAT CriticalReadingaoo 200 SAT Math
500 600 . •. ' ......;> . . ..'..·, 510 .. ,. •. .' ".650 ...•
When reviewing your answers, refer to the questions in your test book. Note that an'SAhiritlngscore
~; . <-~;:-~--~~~_ \; -~-, ,--
is ilisobased on.'ali essay.
-~.,,: .
~.t"~
~'I;,~ ...,~\.~~~~'1; ~~
~"I;'1; f\.<I:.\'v,\'I:."I;\ ~~~ ..
r,flew SentenGe t
2
A e
0 A h
1
2
D
E I
e Aig
e Data
1 ' B
2 0
e
eA
Your Completions
3 E C h 3 E :; m Geom 3 E \I e
A I e
J\!ers 4
5
ADm
A rm
4
5
C
A
e Aig
:;
I e Geom
4
5 0 C e
6 c Th 6 A :; e Aig 6 c re
7 A 7 h 7 6 7 e Num 7 B T~
8 C D h 8 B 7 m Geom 8 E A m
Passage-Based 9 D e 9 6 :; m Data - 9 c 7-e
Reading 10 A :; e 10 c :; e Aig 10 0 rm
11 C 7 m 11 D 7 m Geom _ 11 ' B :; e
12 6 C m 12 Di m Ala · 12 , E -r-;-
13 E j m 13 B I. m Aig 13 ·6 Ie
14 A I e 14 e lm Dat a 14 D l\n
15 CAm 15 Elm Aig 15 A ' T7r}
16 AI m 16 c I h Num 16 B I e
17 Elm 17 A 7 h Num 17 E B m
~~ 18 A 7 h Geom 18 "C -rm
19 6 E h 19 E 7 h Aig 19 E A m
20 C .; h 20 6 I h Geom 20 A C m
21 A ;--;: 21 Ale Num 21 A e
22 D 1 '--;- 22 c I e Aig 22 0 76
23 6 I e 23 B 7 e Geom 23 A I e
·: .iJfIS 24 B r-;;- 24 E 7 m Num 24 B C m
;' !~;i:liYSiS. Sentence 25 D :; e 25 c 7 m Geam 25 elm
26 C D h 26 D 7 m Aig 2'6c:; m
. "T iCS & Completions
r30ihty 27 A D h 27 c 7 h Aig 27 D B m
28 B I h 28 B ; - h Num 28 E A e
- 'n -:~rv &
29 A C h 29 E B m
"dement Student-Produced Responses
30 D e 30 D E h
"Iwr,<;' Passage-Based
Reading 31 E r;- 31 B I h
32 B T--;- Correct Answer(s)
32 D :; h
33 B 7 e 33 D E h
34 E i...&- 30 loa
34
35 c
E D h
m
35 e l m
'360 A h 3 1 8 m AI 36 B ;--;:
37 D .~ 32 650 m Data 37 E Tm
-. 38 A D rn 33 4/3 < X < 312 m AI 9 38 D 78
39 C l - e- 39 A .~
3 4 9 m Geom
40 0 L..JJl. 35 12 m Data
.' 41 C _3=-=6+9=9'--_ _ _ _ __ t- ~:J. h Num You answered correctly 26 of 39 writing skills
42 E 37 1.06 2 .06 h Alq questions and earned 26 points.
43A 38 114 or .25 .; h Geom 15 of 18 easy questions
44 B 9 of 16 medium questions
45 c 2 of · 5 hard questions
46 D
47 You answered correctly 36 of 38 math You omitted 0 question(s).
.' 48 questions and earned 36 points. You answered incorrectly 13 question{s) and
10 of 10 easy questions lost 3 point(s).
You answered correctly 33 of 48 critical reading 1 a of 1 a medium questions
Questions and earned 33 points. a of 10 hard questions
14 of 14 easy questions
You omitted 0 question{s),
• 'G Ti atll 15 of 21 medium questions
4 of 13 hard questions You answered incorrectly 2 question{s) and
.I S lost 0 point(s) .
You omitted 0 question(s).
. _''' eS You answered incorrectlY1s Question(s) and
lost 4 point{s).
225
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.I. ,
'S',
.'
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,. , . -.. . ., "
" ~
•
< ' ,sECTIONS
-TIme - 30 minutes
. 39 QUFStioru ..
:'
"
' , '. ;.:'/ " .'
- ,
(1·39)-
J
Directions: For.eae!:!.. question in this section, select thc 'bestanswer from among the choice~ given and fill in the corresponding
oval 'on.theanswer sheet. . -..' ~ ',~. ", ' . " . '," -
, . ' \ .
2. Shiod called the,museum, whiclj w~s when ,she was
. .,
The.foU6wing seh~nces. les! c~r;rectnes's arid'effectivene~s inlii that 'the waiting time fof entry to the sp;cciru. . ,
or' e,xpressiori. 'Part of each sen t~nce qr entire, ~enlence the .• ' exhil:lil was
three .hOOrs. ' ' '
is 'underlined; ben~atH each se"tence are five ways of
phrasing 'the underlitl~,m.a~r:ial. Choice A rep,eais the" (A) . Shiori ~a1Jed the museum, whi~h was wilen she
original phrasing; the o~er four choiCes '~ diff~rent If \, ! ' was. told ~
. you/think the original phrasing,produces a bener senf«<nce . (8) ' Shiori cailed the 'museum that Wall ""he.D she was
lhlll! any of the 31temarive~:- selecl choiCe~; if riot; sel~t told ' ., _
one-of the\other choiceS. ' (C) Caliing the museUl1l, they to ld Shiori'
'. (0) When ~ling the museum, it told Shiori
. In, making your selection: follow !pc requiremenlf of , (E) i When Shiori called the museum, she was told.
~Ian dar:d ~tten Engl ish; tI!~d s, pay auemian 10 ~ar, "
choice of words, sentence-construction, and punctuation. .
Your selection should'result in the most effective . 3, Oliv'erHardy played a comically incompetent ,
sentence-Gi"Car ~d p~Ci.se, without awkw"aroness or busybody and deserying ofmiujv of the troubles he
ambi,gi.lity:. • ' ,' " . brought'oD lpmself..
'(A) \ a cp~c.!lll.y incompc;t~~~~usybody and ~eServi~g
' ofmany ' , ' ,
, "
, (8) ' a comic, incompe,lent busybody which deserved
Laura lngall$ Wilder Rublisb"ed her firsl book. d ~
many.' " ·. ',' ._' , - ".c _' , "
and she Was sjXb'~five years Old then, '
(C) '-~omi2iliy- iil(;'ompetent busybody who deserved
. (A) .and she .~.~ si;x,y:~v>~ years oid the~ mlmy· / _ ~. _ ' Q. "
(8) wbeD sh'e{ was sixty-five (0) a co~chlly incompetent busybQdy..-this person
,.' (C) .,at age ~xtY'fi~e-ly,cars 'ol~ , , . deJrved.m;u:ly ,"- ,: - '. ,J •
(Dr 'upon, tb~ FC~ing?f si-ltly...fi've .'t,eaJ.$ (E) a comic.'llliy ,inoompetent busybody. so
(E) at ,the time when.sht was sixty~fiye
. : ',< \,r ,:.f:" ; • <.. CD . @®®
, ' . . as iteserv'ing ,
.
,4. When played a.! all extreme volume, you can damaae ~
" " : ' . """ .. yoUr eardrums With loud music, '
1. ~ip eriiissions from quas'ais, Ule mos~ distan\ otijects ., ' , !: .
in ~e~ universe, beini useJJ to me~re Very small '. \. I' (A) you can damage your e'ardrulils' with loud music
cha~g~!n Ute distance's betw~n the conlinents of the j~ (8) loud music can damage. your .eardrum.~
Ear~n ' , .'. (C) , 5'ciu could be d:unaging your-eardrums wi th loud
r 1 • , . ',"
(A) being used to measure music
(8) are used 10 measure : (0) loud music. iI-can damage your ~ardrums .
' (C) 'being uSed in measuring (E) then l~lid plusic 'could,be damaging your
(I?) are~used measuring , ' eardrums
(E) ~ing useful (or measUrin~
, .
,, •
"
"
226
,
"
I'IL\CT I( r TEST L
' 5. Ga~guin was a French pairllF~ and modem arti$IS were 9. It is sllIprisi ng about the"organizing' of unions. which
infl uenced, by' him. such as ToulQuse-l.au~: has gODe 00 for a cenrury and only one-fourth of the
(A:) afld modem .artists were influ~nced by him, /luch
Amencan work force unionized. is
as Toulou,Se-Lautrec ' ' . . .' (~) about the ~rgatlizin g Qf unions, which has gone on
(B) ~nd he had ieat influence onwodem art like for a century and
those q(Toul ouse.'l.~au~~ . • ~ ~.... . (B) when a century p f efforts at organi zing unions
(C) with ~at ·influence o,,! m&lCQ1lart such as have p.a:ss"e4. ,., ','<I, ,.... J,,,
I' Toulouse-Lautrec .' i (C) tha~ after a centurY of efforts to organize.unions:
(D) who ~. great influenc~ oP'mode_tn artists such as . (D) even tholJgh a cen'o/Y' of union organizing has >,
" ,~," Touldu se-4tu ~I; "- t :' ,. p;lSsed, yet " !:.. ,','
(E) W~9 had'great influencc·on mapern art suc!! as (E) with unions' efi'orts lo be· organl~9. taking Rlace
those-of Tou,louse-I:.autrec :"" for a cejJtury, thai . .. ' ' - , •
_ ."
. ""t.
.
,or-' col"!..'''
, ,. . r, '.
'.
'j'.' "' C ~,' p. !l "'.\.. i.
6. )sa4ora Duncan(s ~'tyl~ of dapce il)..5piFe4'pes,ple.\Ypo 10. \fben a star begins to "die,'! il ~xpands ioti) a,giant
.
,J
, haj;l neve' before beed ioteresre4 in Qan¢e~";') . red mas~ , enitilfing' what pijOets',' ji Any.'ibM ate, in
- '- its so1
(A) pepple' who had1never before ,~n,inteTested in .a: ,sys.tem. , ,,", - ,,..., •." ~
-)'. ;:-.
1 .
:d.ance , ~ -.,; . ~\, '., _ !, ,I - '... (A) whatPlanets,i!any', tha.;,are , . ;. <II."
(B) peQple; and,they bad
in dance ,. '.
never
.
before been interested (8) any pillnets: \ · ~t.. ,,: .. ~;,. ..,
,,
: (C) its planets, if there"might be aliy I 11':,.
(C) ~ple: befQre-lhai)~ey had .'ne ver ~en in~erested (D) the planeis,. if any are .. ' ~1_ I,
In. dan~ , .' I' :. (E) wh.atever the planets ~ay be thilt 'are .
. ., '.
(0) peOple,. 'an_~ before ~ey hiI~ never been intqested . ,
' in nance" . . \, 11 . ~e nature o.£ the medi~ in.,which u{e,sculpt~r ~,?rq
(E) people th at dan~e had nev'etbefore int: reste4 _ demands dearly' defined 4!ons1delibe rate aelioo; and jt . i
them .r " reQuires diScipline in techniQue. ,:' ''f' ,'; - ' . I
~, ' '.' '.-.~. .'. ."' "
7. The problem of ant ibiotic.resistMt¢.' f¥1uentl y: :... ,
"
(A) demands clearly defined "forms: deliberate action.
, and jt ~ql,lires discipiine,ln teChn ique>
!
' CQm~undcd jn eeitajn cotIDtriis bes:ause the 'sale and!
,., I
use of antibiotics 'are'_ not tightly controlled:- (8) demands c learly deijoed forms. deliberate action, I J1
~ . " " ,.( ,
(A)' resistan~e, frtqueptly /iomp<:lunped. in certain
, ! ,and technj~al di~ipline: ,<,'
(C) demand,fo'nns that an:
I ' '.
dearly defined, aCtion thut "
countrics pecau&C ~ < • • • ' .{, is delibirate j and disciplipe of a technical natUre
,(D) demands fonPs that ate cI~arly defined, action
:I~
(8) resistal"lce; frE;quentIy compounded in certain
,countries.and 1 '-" ' ,.. '. that is ilellberal e,;tad disciplinp ~f.a iechrlicaJ
(C) resista'l.ce, ~requently C"ompounded 'in certain
countries when -~ ~
variety " (1'''1,. ,' ,
(E,1- demanij clearly 4cfined forms, 'deli~rate action; •. j
. (D) resista nce is'frequently compounded in certun ' , and require tcchnicj.l (liscipline ' ,
"
{EJ
countrid 'where
. r,
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resist3l1c;e ii>;fre'quen'tly co~pounded 'in certain'

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12. \So~e ~f tht: ,app.licllJ!.~ saw the position as lhe job they
~
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. countnes a, ", ? '. ., . had 'al}Vay~ wanted. buktor"otbeUi tbeY ,saw,jn i"-~ ,
, ,. ", ) "'. .' step.pi~g-SW?7 to m01JP!.~ti~OU~ Pc¥!ti~n~; . •:
1 8 •. ,,Many\peo'pJe belie~e .that tclevision' prOgnims.il&
' harinful to children whicQ. (Jepjct'yj,oleDce, • (A) wanted.'b;u,t for others they' saw in it r,f'
, , (8) wJUlted; othel'$,,seeing in 11 ·": ,~: "
• (A)
(B)
are. hannful·to cqildren wbich depict violence
hanning children depiC\lng viol"nce
'(C)
(D)
wantea. to:others as
wanted; others sawjt as -
I
(C) depicting violence are hannrul.to children (E), wanted, while'jt was seen by others as being,
(D) ill'e hannful for depicting' violence to children " , 1
(E) depicting violence which is harmful rto children ,
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13. Themanagyffip[!1i;':001 re~P-Onsjble f~r peoj)lc's ...

proPerty whQ'are in the ,th~aler. I".
·(A) people"s prOpfrty. wh~ are (A)," Walden; few know, '>
(B) p~~rty .o,fpeoplew~n . (B) Woiden; .'few Imo;';' .
(q the property of peop,le ,who 3.re
"
(C) 'Wolde,n ,'(ew knowing > .' " ,
(D) peQple's propelty while -{' .. (0) ,Wolden,' thus few know f.
(E) .the property of:peoplc being there (E) Walden; ~~f.sfilHe)V kit«:-,,'" '.
• " ~ .... ' <'I< ' \ ", ,
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- ' ~ '
, 14,· The;"rul jng.of tho'court requites a clarifying statement ut Focosing on both dramat~c structure'z!.nd m:usical
abpul loan ap,pijcaots,and how you .judee -tljey are · charactenstics, Verdi's operaS were the subject of
.,' ,bejnU,"reg unfajriy, . 'HeCbcrt's lecrure, .. - '.1 " '
, '. , , • ~ i.. • ,: '. r.,
(A)' loRn applicants and-how You.!udge they are being , (A) Verdi 's o~ras were the subject of Herbert's ' ."
, ' . treated unf~rly , " . . . - l~ture ,. _.' J "
(B) ~Ianaaros for detehnirling'unfair treatment of loan (B) t!ie SUbj;(1 Of He~rt's Jee,ture was Verdi:s
I applicants'" f ' ;, operas ' f " ',"
" " I •
(d) unfair treatment standards in regaro to lOan '(C) fleroert' l~tured O'n ,Verdi's operas
apiJlicants" t.J " ,',' ~" • (D) lecturing on Verdi :s ope~as was Heri>Jt
(E) Herben's lecture had the subject of'Ve,rdi '~ operas
(D) the siaQdards when j udging unfair ~atmenl for
. Joon applicants ~,_ ",,~,'
~ ,.
,
.
(8) ' loan: appliCari.l~ and how unfair.treaunent of them 19, ,Many ~ple · say thilt dolph,ins are as intelligent as
. can be detenrii[led hurpan heing{ but at presePt ih ~re i5;no ac~pt<:d .
p[~~re for prov~ ng &,loUh.-, ",: ~
IS. 'Alth?~gh botln,ne.n ~e(e<il1liovati ve, improvisers on th~,
trurp~~, iq tbe 194..o:s many though! tbat 0W:y ' ," (~) ' i lSuillh ~
Qjllespje_was ,technjCally, mOrC' proficjeDrtban_t1/e (B)" them as such 'j'"
pl~y,ina of Mjle; Day~s. I , ' . '.,

(C). how. tru~\t is
, (0) . t~e truth of the assel;tion ..
....,. .'(A) DizzY'Gillespie'was,technically mo~proficierit /
(f:) the truth ~of s.uch,a,ssert!Oi}S'of.theirs ..' "
. t " ~ ~an .the playiog'Of-Mi1c;s'qavis . . il ,
@) , piny pi1lespj.e~ 'as tFc~ically mpre profi.~ient in ;20. When Sandra.;fell she could eridure Harvey's' banter no
" ':) playiiig'than'Miles,QaVi"S I ' ,
longer. ·she faded'into the crowd,. whjle' Haryey,
':(C) Dizzy Giliespie:::!echnicillly,more p.roficient than obliyious to'her deParture. jabbered on: ' ••'
Miles Dayis waS. ,;; :1.. ". "1 .. ' . , '~' , ' .,' , . , #.:."
'.J (o) Dizzy Oil1,es pie ,~as' techni ca11y~ more proficient - , oblivi~us
(M while Harvey, '
to heroep3$re,
, jab-
than Miles' Davis was " t '- ., lJe,~Qn !}, . ,Q<. .' .....
(E): Dizzy ,Gillespie; as rom p{lred.to.Mifes Davis' , cD) Har'veYJ· obJivious..~o

her dep~, jabbered on
:- '" playing" was (etiuHcally mOl"C; proficient ' .
.. '. as
«(;)' Hjltiey.is oblivious to her departUre and
, ' Jabberedon - , ' " , ,t· "
,. • -.t" , ,~ , ,
,16. ~:gripld. residential, square..9f imegrated desi8n,..~ (D) while Harvey'~ who' was obl\Jii)\i~ tO,her depl¥ture
'I "", , \ ' . ' , ' '
, .Place.RQyale1of rans was imitated in many cities: I 15 Jab.benng on ,I ,.
... ). ~'
" ~ " '
" ,'" .
' .
...... (E) Hl,U)'ey tieing 'Oblivious to her dep,arture1'wlis
'
(A) the Place R9yaJe QfPans was imitated·in·many
" ~
ja~l)gon .,"
cities .f
' Paris I
~'. ~,
.,
;'",
ro) many cities built imitatiOlls of th~ PlaceJRoyale of ,-
(c;::) ' imitations of the Place Royale of Paris,were built
,~ in Q1any cilies , ,
(1» they .-
built intitations
I .
of the Place Royale of Paris >'
m many Cities
(E) .the building of many imitations of the Place
Royale of Pms'was dope in ~any cities
I
, .
',26-
228
I'Il.\C I'I(,E If S r 'l' J 5

..
The folJow1ng:sentences.tcsl your ilbility to recognize 24. Controversy still continu~s
, ovet tlJ~ ,accomRljshments
.
a' single error or ilO'eml( at all. t-/o sente'nce contains more'
than one error. Thejrrclr, if. the~ i ~ one, is ;underlined ' ~f William'Shakespeafe, with some scho\P-s
"', ' , . -8- ' ~
iUld lettered. U the sentence"contains an error, selecHhe
one underlined.part that must be...ci).ang;d to ll,lake ~e : ttrioJti!lg the famoys,Elizabethan's plays 10 a middle-
sentence correct. If the senfence is correct, select choice E. ..... i
In clioosing answers,'follow the requirements of standard

~ritten English.
. .
, .
,
'class actor and others al.trib~te
c
EXAMPLE: ". ~ .: . earl. No error '
The otJicr delegM~siavd
him "immediately ,. -..
, A I".. B :i C
accepted : th,<r~so!uu(m <\rafteC!. by the :·
,,_.,
2S t In
, . ,
bu.~ine,,>~'.: people confoi-mfo~ci~W:,f{.£9no~i~" , ·
,-
'/ ,. 0, . A
f . ' neutral states. INo error
,.." !"",
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' .' E-~'_ (, (. , ~hsoI"JS; once~elJlpJo'yees find out , b o.~,: ~~"
J ~ > -' .: , '"......
B '"h' "
jobs are • .he O( sl;le ,acts 'acc9rdiOKIO th~ , ..~

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. ·21. On the desk was seyeml<.notebool(s and a bOOk
"
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Pallem ~anagement specifies. No e~r '
, .
~. of poetry that ap·parently.. had been left in PIe researcJ1
oj ,
.: B ' '.. C
26. .~inse 195Q. companIes have spE;nt more money on
library the e~enirig
, ..
before. No error ','.'" A . I!
,',
" : D.
22, The results ~f many agricultural expe~ents

• . .-' A " ~.. .
E
'1,
"
telcvi~ibn comme~c'ials tha~ t1ie:costs of
. ~ ·.. C
fonns 'of ad;"ertisiljg. co'ml;fneil , No error
.all pther
,,.,
I
D E '
has emphasized the necessity of co'nlrolling weeds
8
. , , C ,
27. Because RO/;len9 wants to help preserye marin~ Jife.
d~n~ the entire course, of crop cul,tivll,uon, '.
A '
.. D .,
No error
"' ~e int!!nds ~n dechplng d.arine:bioloty
. .' B .. .',
asC his inajor' -
'E '
when he begiris college nel't fan,
.D .
23; Unlike'most spiders, which spin webs to c,atch ' ,.
.j '
, 1\ .' .
2~ ,This year's benefit g~e. drew- nearly twice
its victims. crab spidet;S ambush their prey, using
8 . A,. _ , 8
s~ctators as last year .' Nderroc
c~ourage to blend in witli the surroundings. ·
~ D" E
C D
.. '
No error , ,,,'
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229
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29. ' OP&ite to the opiriipn ofsevern1 respected literaiy
"
, ,A ~:.~.. . ' . . •" •.1"
critics, J,ane Au~teri does 'nOI make goOd tastc-or,
" ~.
"
manners .~ n· thc:.g1selveS sure ;'siins.i::i~ " itt,lIe' "
. ,. . . C
in treT chliraCtirs. No error .' i ~:
D , E
, 'E , ;,
". r . - .. . " -, ,. . ~
30. By ~ of its 'size and supersensitive ~leclttmics. 33, Such a bold _.,'
stroke wOuld .transform the city;s\"'
, . A}
m09~m I;3.dio te.lescope~·are able to.gather-rifqre waves
;r;
___
A c .
two'""'railroaci
"
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tenninals. int6 throu~h $tations I,

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,- and discriminate aulQng ~ with greater precision and might 'ai~ be the signal for competing 'railroads
, - ,
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I.
. th~ earlier versions CQulil. 'No error to )\fork as a team. No error ' '- ,"",.'
,D E
,,> .
D E , ',J ','
, , , '
'31: IfnoJ in good pb~s.ic~ Cbndltion,-a\bicyde,~~cu(sion 34. ,When looking ~t tp,odem photpgraphs Of thit"area
• ' A
" , • A 8
t.
'"
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thr~lUgli the co.untrysi1 e. can'be'- painfull.:(exhausting.

$
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of·[ndonesia,_th~ ~ffecJS
.
qf the I ~B3 .t; ruptio", ~f
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No errol:
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35. Of the following, which "is Ihe b;est version-of S:eIltences

., .,
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Directi~~~: 1ii~ fOllOwing~ass~ge 'iS 811 early draft of an , 3,and 4 (reproduced below) 1 .
cssay :Som~ palLs ~.r tile passage nto:ed to be rewriUen.
. ".'J ' " " Taking e:\len a muridQlle occurrence and to make
Read the eassage and selec( the best,answers-for ~.he . people view it in an C!j]beat·'w(lY. !~at 'is a Rift .
IJuestion,s that follow . Some 9uestions are opout p~c~lar that most people underestimate, ", '
s~n tences or-pa,rts of sentences arid ask you to improve ~ ,
sentence strUcJure or word c~oice. Other questions ask· you (A) .(As they are now). ,:,j. • ' •• ,
to consid~r orgaIiizatlon and developmelll. Iii chQosing ,CB) An underestim-ated klft ill hoVJ '10 mal;.e people view
anSJYers. follow the requirements of standard ~ttI:ln • . ' even a "'!undanf .occurrence tn an offbeat way.
Englisli:\ '. I (C) ' Indeed, tW!lg a mu~~e occurtem;e.and · '
making'them view. it in' ap offbe~J way is
'"
, an,.underestimaled gift. " . ,.
(D) . The ability to make peopfe view even a mundane
. ., '-
(i) A good sense of humor is essential: (2) NO,I many ,
. . . .... ' , occu~nce in an Qffbeat wayJs a gift that many..,.
, underestfmate.' '
peopiy'have the ab ility to trnn~fo11l1 something grave into , (E) Beiri8:'able,lo take t!lis and')nake people view it in
something lau..sl1able. (3) T*ing yven a'mundane ' an oti:beat way is ·a gift underestimated bymosl
occurrence and to mike Peopl~ view it in an offbeat way. , PeOpie, , , , '. ;"
(41'Thaf is 'a gift that most people-Undere·sti11!~le. (5) Also. ~ .'. ,
sometimes a stubborn friend Of im inflexible coacb is the ' 36. lIn conlext, wpic h of thdollo\:ving'is the best ~erSion of
object of hUf9Qf, (6) GqocI -humo~red folk, c~ be iale to senteni:e.5 (rwfoduced below) 1 ., -'-
practice and .still bearEI-: "Oq '&ell, How important'can f ,
practice beT' C7>'People with a pen~ of ~ufnor,;ye: a lot freer Also,· sometimes a stubbo~frielJ.d ol:on inflexible
tlian moSt from societal pressures and expectalions, (8) They coach is the object of hu'"'!r:
.re~ze Ihat fro,m a broader perspecti ve, being late or not >
(A) (As it is n:~w) ' . )
1X:ing dre~sed' Mr(ectly 'does npt re,!.I1y matler; (9) They al~ (8 ) The; stubboJ:nil~~ of a friend or Ihe inflex\bi1.lty of
realize that, in the larger j;c he~e of things, our ' -a coach should also be laughed at. "
disappOintments are trivial. (10) M y brother is like thi~. . (C) While we can a
poke'fun at stubborn friend , L
(11) He missed .his high school graduation'because his car or" an inOex.ible cblich. most canp.oi.
broke ~own, but hejust looked at ifaUas.a big joke, (D). Poking fun' at stubbOrn frie.nds or ip'flex ibl~
(12) I th.illkl,would have cried, but ne laughed! coaches is so"fnething else' th.at m.any_of us wish
(13) II is true thai you' ~annot laugh at eyerything, (14)
Most people-would.agree that some things shouJd nQt,be
mock.ed. ( IS) ·$oc i c~y can!lol fupc~i{jn smoothly if they
laughed'at ever:ything. (16) And who likes to be made fun ,
of? (17) Yet if we C<;U1 laugh a(ourselves' and ~ke ttaings less ~ \ ' ':37.
,
'we could do,
"
~Which o'f the fol;o~ing is the best way to wntc'the

.-
(E) ! Those with a' sense of humor can also poke fun at
a ~slUbbom fricoo or Mmflexible coach. ..'.,-~.
I
seriously, our world"
, may become a happier place., '
'
:i ) underlin,ed ponion of seq.\~nce ? '(repJoduced below) l '
,<' '
.,., IPeo;jle wiJh a's~h;e 'of huiM~ ~re.M• JoiYreer ~aa mosl
.
~'
" , " ! ....
trom iAtitlQl Dwsure~ ~ ~ectQtion \',
< ••
,
, . ''
(A) .(as 'il is now)
( - ex~tations
" "
.
.-.,.,
(B): an'd they'~,freer frpm socielaJ ~ures an~.
'.
(C) than mos(frOm soc'ietal p~sures, they art'8J.so
, '.. tree from itS expeCtations ' , ' " "
" (D) _than most; b:eing (ree' frqm. soCie~ pressures an~
. expeclatioris ..(, .
(E) than mC?sl w~th freedo," froni ~ieta1 pressures
and'expecJatioo's A \'
,
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38.-J~ ~on(eltli/wh;"h Qfl~o' followfni is-tl'!-e-bestway .. ~9. The functio~:of sentence 17 is to

. to write the underlined Portion of.~nlen~e 15
(A.) reitera~ the first sentence of the'last,paragraph
(rept;Odure~ below) 7 ,~" ...>'~ -< . • • " i',
(B) intropl\ce miw tOpics.for exploration
S~ciety co.n;;ot junct(on ,silloothly ((they faugbett at ; (C) , s,tate 'im'ide,a tlfat theentire pasSage, . unities
~ everydljne . . ....,'
,
~'''>''~ _l~ -"\"'".;-",
,
...... , (0) cite'ail exception to 'rule discussed earlier in the a
es.say
" . " ". "
, , I
(A) (asit isnow) . "'~-'; -'~: ,!, _

", (B); if'people woul9 only laugh'at''humorous .aspects (E) :~uC":'": the'p?ints maQ~ in the last ~~gra~h .f..
: . (C) if nothing is'Jaken seriously.·'W:\" x, '. . . , ' ,

(0) regll!"j:llesS of hP:-:V nluch-they:1atigh ':' " <1
(E) . if we are unable'to t*e: it serio~sly,~" . •
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232
233
SECTJON 5
Time - J(J minutes
39 Questions
Di~tJODS: For each question in this section. select the best answer n:om among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet " - . "
2. The yo~g composer. turning out countless jingles for

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness ,hort-lived television commercials and tormented by
of.expression: Part of each sentence or the entire sentence her sense of isolation from serious music"
phrasing the underlined ~aterial. Choice A reeealS me (A) commercials. and tormented by
original phrasing; the other four" choices aI£ differenl. If (B) commercials. tormented by
you think ~e original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) commercials. was tonnented by
than any of the alternatives. select choice A: if not, select (0) commercials; she found torment in
one of the other choices. (E) commercials: she was tonnented by
In making your selection. foUow the requirements of 3. in 1922 African American educator Annn Julia Cooper
standard written English; that is. pay attention to grammar. earned a doctorate at sixty-six. and this is when most
• choi~ of words. sentence constructlon. and punctuation. people consider retirement.
senten~lear and precise. without awkwardness or A) and this is when most people consider retirement
ambiguity. (B) an age at which mosr"peopJe consider retirement
(e) and by then most people consider retirement
EXAMPLE: (0) considered by most people for being 8I1 age for
retirement·
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her flf'St book (E) which is considered retirement by most people
and she was six~-fiye years old then.
(B) when ~he was sixty-five 4. The earliest known encyclopedia still in existence
(C) at age sixty-five years old bein~ the work oron'e person" Pliny the Elder. a
(D) upon "the reaching of sixty-five years Roman who lived almost two thousand years ago.
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (A) being the work of one person. Pliny the Elder. a
. "cv-®®®
Roman who
(B) being the wor1c. of one person, Pliny the Elder, a
. -,: Since their readers often asst.ime that jownalists are Roman alia he
objecti ve and truthful. do journalists have a (e) is the work of Pliny the Elder, the one person who
responsibility that other writers do not7 (D) is the wotk of one pecsOD. Pliny the Elder. a
Roman who
(A) that other writers do not (E) is the wor1c. of one person. Pliny me Elder. a
(B) that writers lack who are not journalists Roman and that '
(C) lacking in others who are writing
(D) Dot had by those who Write differently
(E) wl:len other writers have: not
234
'5,' '. .. .r - -."...-~.,..

I
5. As a pediatrician with m~y years of experience, 8. If you desire something badly enough, a person will
- a~Yocating petter uutrition for children. the doctor, probably attempt with au their mil:Jjt to acquire it.
belie~es, should be the primm focus of physicians,
(A) a person will probably attempt with aU their might
, (A) adVoCating better nutrition for children. the doctor to acquire it
believes, should be the primary focus of (B) 8 determined attempt will probably be made (0
. physicians acquire it
(B) the primary focus of physicians, the doctor (C) one will probabiy have attempted (0 acquire it
believes', should be advocating better nutrition with all his or her might
Jor,childreu (0) you will probably attempt with all your might to
(C) the doctor believes that advocating better nutrition acquire it
for $=hildren should be the primary focus of (E) ypu will probably have attempted with aJ..I your
physicians ' might to have acquired it
(D) a~vocating better nutrition for children. which the
.doctor believes should be the primary focus of 9. Some witnesses testified as \0 its being hypocritical for
physicians 8 state sUppdrting its oW,n state lottery while seelcing to
(Ej the doctor bas believed, advoc~ting berter stamp out other fonns of gambling.
nutrition for children should be the primary
(A) is to its being hypocritical ' for a state supporting
focus of physicians
(B) about the hypocrisy there is for a state thAt
supports
6. I( yau cannot "lay Mozart yOU- cannot pJa'y Spanish (C) that it is bypocritical for a state to support
music or 'any music this is the ovinion of (D) as regacdingtbe hypocrisy of a state supporting
Alicia de larrocha ' (E) about a state's hypOcrisy when they support
(A) If you cannot play Mozart, you cannot play
Spanish music or any music, this is the opinion . People today would be heaJtbief if they baye eaten the
of Alicia de Larrocha. Jean meal, grains, nuts, and fruits that formed the diet
(B) Alicia de Larrocha's opinion is if you cannol play of Stone Age bunters and .gatherers.
Mozart. one cannot play Spanish music or any
(A) 'would be healthier if they ~ave eaten
music.
(B) would have been bealthier if they ate
(C) According to Alicia de Larrocha, nor to be abJe (Q
(C) would have been healthier if they were to eat
pJay Mozart means you cannot play Spanish o r (D) would be healthier if they wouJd have eaten
any other music.
(E) would be healthier if they ate
(0) According to Alicia de Larrocha. if you annol
, play Mozart. you CanDot play Spanish music or
II. The soles of the feet of most bear species are bare the
any other music.
~ of polar bears have bair, which helps provide '
(E) If a person cannot play Mo~ in
Alicia de Larrocha's opinion, you cannot play traction as they 'Valk on ice.
Spanish music or any other music, (A) The soles of the feet of most bear species are
bare,
the soles
7. OppoSite to what has always been taught to us, (B) The soles of the feet of most species of bear are
a,tourniquet should be applied only when heavy bare, but the soles , '
bleeding cannot be controlled. (C) Whereas the soles of !he feet of most species of
bear are bare, but the soles
(A) ' Opposite to what has always ooen taught to us
. (D) Most species of bear have bare soles on their feet..
(B) " Against that which has always been taught to us,
and the soles
- (C) Contrary to that which has always been taught us
(E) Although the soles of the feet of most species·of
(O)' Against what we have always been taught
bear are bare, but the soles
(E) Contrary to what we have always been taught
"
~,1 ..
235
i.t
.J
!
l~. N~ec~tJie bPPdsitiOD.o'f somt· key Republiclll1s IlQC 15. Robert Koch pecfonned his first significant research
riskUi~ $e¢<:s'sjOQ by·the soUthern· Stares ;Were sufficient . anthrax bacteria. Dot becoming weD known until his
to stop Lincoln from campaigning aD die platform thaI isolatiog. of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.
slavery' ~ou1d not be expanded. . ..:
(A) not becoming well known until his isolation or
(A) nor ris~g secessioo by ·the southern states were (B) but did not become weU known until his
(B) , not
die.riSk Of~OD by the sOuthern isolating of
sta.tes :was .
(C) but he did not become weU known ~ntil he had
(C) nor risking that the southern states would isolated
. seCede was· . . (D) and he did not become weD known until his
(D)' or the risk duit the southern states would be isolation of
seceding was (B) and he did not become well known until isolatir;,.j
(E) or the risk of secession by the ~outhem states were
16. The f11m was made by astronauts who were on a
13. Although S3D1B,Ibn4 had· been saCked by Alexander mission that took them 200 miles above the Earth's
the Great.. cooquCRXI by· Arabs and TurIcs. and surface. so durine it. th~y photographed one of the
devastated by Geog~ Khan, Iamedane too. cbose most ·spectacular adventures ever recorded.
the ruined oasis city for .ms capital and it Was rebuilt.
(A ) astronauts who were on a mission that look ther',
(A) Tamerlane. too. chose the ·ruined oasis city for his 200 miles above the Earth's surface. so during
capital. and it was rebuilt it. they
(B) the ruined oasis city was chosen by Iamerlane for (B) astrooauts who, as their mission took them
his capital, whereupon he rebuilt it 200 miles above the sUrface of the Earth,
(e) the ruined oasis city was chosen for his capitaJ (e) astronauts; during their mission as i[ look lhem
and rebuilt by Tameclane 200 miles above the surface of the Earth. they
(D) the ruined oasis city waS chosen by Tamerlane for (0) astronauts; with their mission thaI look them
his capital and rebuilt by him 200 miles above the Earth· s surface. they
(E) Tamerlane chose the ruined oasis city for his (E) astronauts, when taken by their mission
-capital and had it rebuilt 200 miles above the Earth's surface. they
14. Tilda especially liked to work with flake white which 17. Without consistent records we cannot determine ~
Was used by her as the base PUnt for developing the chMees in the unemployment rate are attributable to
sparlding gray. tones she favored in her seascapes. seasonal business fluctuations.
(A)' to work with flake white, which was Sed by ber (A) which changes in the unemployment rate are
. as the base paint for developing -attributable to seasonal
(B) worlcing with flake white, and it was used as the (B) where cbange occurring in the unemployment
base pai~t to devel~p: rate is an effect from ~DaJ
(e) to work with flake white, she used it as the base (e) about what changes in the unemployment rate
paint in developing were a ·result from seasonal
(D) to work with flake white, also using that as the (0) the changes in the un~loymeDt rate that are
base paint for development of accountable by seasonal
(E) to work: with flake white, which she used as the (E) about certain changes occurring in the unem-
base paint in deveioping ployment rate because of seasonal
..
-·----.·'-"---.- . .-----.. . -.~~T----.·-~~ ~--::;.~ ,. . ·. . .-.. . ·-_~ 4-..= -. - _ ____::" ..;..

. .... . - - I
~ .. ._, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
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236
.....---_ , ·5'
...... . .
e .
5
l~. One of the familt~ ~f North American languages, 20. According to 1974 censtis "?ports. die PQPuJ8Cioo of
. Na-Dene, .was on~e thought to be reJ~te9 with language Tokyo Was hu-gei than that of any other city in the
I families of the Eastern Hemisphere. including . world except New York.
Sino-Tibetan, Basque, and
Sumerian.
(A) the population of Tokyo waS larger'dian that of
(A) to be r~lated with language families of the any oth~. city in the world ex~pt. N~w York
Eas'tem Hemisphere. including (B) the poP'ulatioo o.f Tokyo was larger f:han th~t of
:(}3) to .be related with the language f~lies of the other citios in the-world except that of
eastern HemiSphere. they include New York . .
(C) to be. in its re~adC1DShip. incl~ding the language (e) lhe pop~latioD of Tokyo w~ ~ger.than the
families of the Eastern Hemisptlere population of any city in the world excq>t. for
(D) relatod l~ language ~amilies .o f Eastern the New York's
Hemisphere .and include (D) Tokyo'had the largest population of any of the
(E) to ~ related t9 langu~e familieS ofthe world's other cities except New York
Eastern Hemisphere that include (E) Tokyo.hadthe.largest:populanon of any city in
the world·except .that of New.YOJ'k's
19. Neither Frances nor her sister appears like they are
extroverts·
. (A) like they are extroverts
(B) to be extroverts
(C) to be an extrovert
(D) like extroverts
(E) like an eXt1'9vert
.i§~~~~:""?fh; ;" . ~:-~:"~~~;~-:~=~:~-- ..----:==- -~~- ." ~ . "". - ----,'-

.. ...
;. ~ :.. _. . '
237
The following se'!tenccs test yo~ abil\ty to J;'CCOgWze 24. Each time a significant advance is made in. com-
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence cohtains either A '-B
a single error or DO error at aU. No sentence eonta.i.Ds more puter technology, some pundit declares that it
than one error. The error, if tb~e is one, is underlined
and lettered. If the sentence containS an error, select ·.the
one underlined part that must be changed to make the will have altered the course of l1uman bistory.
sentence correcl If the sentence is CQrrect, ~Icct choice B. C D
In choosing answers. follow the cequitements of standard
E
EXAMPLE:
25. Neither the president or the secretary thinks that
The other delegates.and him immedJlltely
A 8
ABC
accepted the re.solution drafted by the the corporation has sufficient infonnatioo on which
o C 0
neutral stales. No error to base a conclusion. No error
E E
.. 26. Didactic literature. a genre reflecting the author's

21. A poet should portray life with sueh clarity ~ readers · A
A
desire to instruct readers, are viewed with ~Dtempt .
wiU have no difficulty interpreting what the poet B C
BCD
by many scholars. No'error
has experienced. No error o E
E
27. Whittling was once a popular country pastime, but
22. In big underground mines. mining machines A B
A' it began to recline .!! people had less and less
nose up to the coaJ. vein. rip out die coal, and C 0
B- free time. No error
'wiD sweep it onto conveyor belts. No error . E
C D E
28. In his writings, James Joyce described the Dublin
23. The newscaster reported that this winter q:>RSumer:s A
A B he knew and the life he experienced ~.
can expect the price of fresh produc:e will incr~e BCD
C
No error
more rapidly than the price of meat. . No error E
o E
-34-
238
~"~! ' (J)'

.~ .. ~
. . .... .---.
5 ,.
5 r----.'
I
".(1)".; . 5·:·. ,.
.:_
29. 11:Je Russian coun(~ like his British and Span.ish 32. The Teutonic Knights took GdAnsk in 1308
'A
counterparts, prided themselves on being part of and renamed it Danzig; by 1466, however, Polish .
A B B
the offfciaJ delegation that w'ouJd negotiate the kings were sovereign there once again and ha4
C C D
·tteaty with France, No error restored the city's originaJ name., No error
D E E
30. The decision about which emergency rOtJtes to 33. He was somewhat uncertain about how to use
A A B
use should be made quick and judiciouS by me the new machine and asked for more specific
B c · C D
goveinment if the refugees are to leave the city lnslJ uctions be seeL No error
E
in time, No error
o E 34. AeriaJ pbolography is thought to be
A
31. Despite the claims of its devotees, sunbathing the'most efficient technique to gatheraccwate
A B B C
is not aJways heaJchfuJ; prolonged exposure [0 it information aboUI the use of the land. No error
C o E
can sometimes cause skin cancer, No error
D E
'-'._.- .~;-~-.=-=~---~~-==-==~.- ;~:'~~~-~~-:--.- -

I~O O.NTOTHE:NEXT p~ . r
. '.
...... ~'. ' 1':" . • • :.;!. .. . •. • ..
239
.....
35. Which of the following versions of sentence 3

D'rectJons: The foUowing passage is an early draft of an (reproduced below) is most effective?
essay. Some parts of the passage need-to be rewritten.
Yet this has creaud new concerns. .'
.Read the passage and solect the best 8DSweQ for the
questions that follow. Some questioDs ace about particular. (A) , Although this has created new concerns.
sentences or parts of sentences and'ask'You to improve c (B) _Yet this progress has created new COl1cems.
sentence s~cture or word ch!lico. Other questions ask you (C) Yet these ha ve created new concerns.
to consider organization and developm~l In choosing (0) 'Yet this has created new concerns to worrY about
answers, follow the- requirements of standard written (8), New concerns have been created..
English. -
36. Of the following, which is the best VOCSiOD of the
underlined portion of sentence 5 (reproduced Iiolow) ?
QuestJons 35·39 are based on the folloWing passage.
While there was no cure b,loc,t niany IlIness« can
(1), The last century was 8 time of great tochnologica1 now be treated.
progress. (2) Life is more convenient. comfortable. and (A) (As it is now)
efficient today than ever before. (3) Yet this has created (B ) Unlike the past. many historically incurable
new concerns. , illnesses
(4) In today's world. medicine is much more advanced ( ) Prior to now they could not cure many illnesseS,
than it was a hundred years ago. (5) While there was no but these
cure before, many illnesses can now be treated. (6) Once, ql) 'Previously incurable. thece are many illnesses
few people lived past middle age. (7) Your life expectancy /' which
is -now longer. (8) We now have to consider how best to (E) Many illnesses thal used to be incurable
plan our years beyond retirement and how best to ensure
our quality of life. 37. Which of the following is the best way to revise and
(9) Another exampJe is in th~ home. (10) In the past. combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below) ?
people had to do manual labor to carty out even' everyday
Once. few people lived past middle age. Your life
household tasks. (11) B~fore the invention of the modem
• - stove, they had to go outside and get wood before they cOuld expectancy is now longer.
have ~ked dinner. (12) Before the'electric 'washing (AY" Pew people used to live past middle age, but now
machine and dryer, doing the laundry took all day. / longec lives can be lived. I
(13) Today ,we simply lUCD a knob or push a button. /(B) Once. few people lived past middle age, and now
(14) Still,less manual work does not always mean more living longer.
leisure. (15) Tirne-consuming chores have been replaced (C) Once, few people lived past middle age; QOW most
by" tYne-con~UJl1.ing jobs, conuituting, and other activities can expect to live considerably long~.
outside the home. . (D) Ponnerl y. most people did Dot live past middl~
/ age, they are now expected to live longer.
..JE) Although once possibly dying by iiUddle age, you
now have a longer life eXpectancy.
240
38. In ooolCXt., which is #Ie best wil y lO phrase sentence 9 J'. WhIch of the following coocludJ..ag aentellces, if added
(reproduced below) ? after scatena I S, would be maS! cons.i,tcnt with die
/!,n.Dther ex4mple is in the home.
pauagc?
(A) BaslcaJly, this Ui oDe more indication that our
(A) (As it is now)
society is in trouble.
(B) . More 'examples of this would be found in lhe
(8) Apparently, tochnologicaJ progress aloae CUlDOI
home.
(0 'T~hnologicaJ progress also affcclS Ufe in our parutoe quaUl)' of Ufo. '
(C) 'l"hotcforc. we are hea.lthicr (oday, but bas greaccr
homes.
(D) Home life i~ another w,y litis modem trend
bappmo" bcoa acbjevcd1 . .
(0) ThIs I, wby the advantage.! of technology aflC
would be manifested.
inalgnlficacl compared to the drawbacks.
(E) In addition, home life is an e)l;ample of this
(E) Ail. has been .hown in the previous c)tamples,
~hnologicaJ problem.
the dllDgen of technology are Verj gre8L
STOP
It you finIsh before time Is called, you may check your work on this secllon only.
Do not tum 10 any other section In the test.
'.
_____ • •_ _ _ _ 0 _______
..---.--.~
-37·
241
CRITICAL CRITICAL MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICS WRITING
READING READING SECTION 4
SECTION 2 SECTION 5
SECTION 1 SECTION 3
21.D
1.C LA
1.C 25.A 22.D
2.A 2. C
2. E 26.C 23.A
3. E 3. B
3. C 27.C 24.D
4. B 4. D
4. A 28.B 25.E
5. A 5. C
5. B 29.B 26.B
6. B 6. E
6. C 30 .B 27.A
7.A 7. E
7. D 31.D 28.C
8. B 8. D
8. C 32 .C
9. E 9. C
9. D 33.B 29.20
10.D 10.E
10.E 34 .B 30 .64
l1.C 1l.B
l1.C 35 .D 31.120
12.B 12.B
12.A 36 .E 32 .20,22,28 or
13.C 13.E
13.B 37.E 50
14.E 14.E
14.A 38 .B 33.8
15.C 15.C
15.D 39 .A 8 4.4 .6 or 23/8
16.B 16.B
16.B 40.D 3 5.987
17.A 17.A
17.E 41.A 36 . 17
18.A 18.E
18.D 42.E 37 .2.00
19.D 19.C
19.E 43.B 38.1/45 or .022
20.E 20 .A
20.B 44.A
21.A
21.E 45.D
22 .C
22 .C 46.D
23.C
23 .E 47.D
24 .C
24.C 48.C
25 .A
26 .C
27.C
28 .E
29 .A
30 .C
31.C
32.E
33.C
34 .C
35 .B
36 .E
37.C
38.C
39.B
242
5 I 5 5 5 5
SECTIONS
TLme.- 30 minutes
39 QuestloDS
2. On a visit to China, buman eocroachmem on the panda

1 The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness habitats Was a serious problem Western ecoloiists
I of expression. Pan of each sentence or the entire sentence
linmll,
,I phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the

(A) human encroachment on the panda habitats was
a serious problem Western ecologists found
I you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select
(8) human encroachment on the panda habitats was
found to be a serious problem by Western
one of the other choices. ecologists
(C) Western ecologists found that human
In making your selection. faUow the requirements of encroachment on the panda habitats was a
standard written English; lhat is, pay attention to grammar,
serious problem
CD panda habitats and human encroachment on them
was a serious problem that Western ecologists
senten~lear and precise, without awkwardness 01"
found
ambiguity. (E) a serious problem that Western ecologists found
was human encroachment on the panda habitats
EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her fust book 3. Mie Kyung Lee became South Korea' s first female
and she was sixty-fi ve Years old then. film mogul in that she purchased a larae pe:rcentaae
of the Hollywood film studio I>reamworks.
(A) and she was sixty-five yean old then
(8) when she was sixty.five (A) in that she purchased a large percentage of
(C)' at 'g"iAty-five yean old the Hollywood film studio Dreamworks
(0) upon the reaching of sixty·five years (D) when baving purchased a large percentage of
(E) at the time when me was sixty-five the Hollywood film studio Oreamworks
® e ©@® (C) with a large percentage of the Hollywood film
studio Dreamworks, she purchased
(0) with .Dreamworks, the Hollywood film studio,
I. The audience waited impatiently to learn the name and she purchased a large percentage of it
of the winner and who would be the ruMer-UP. (E) by purchasing a large percentage of the
(A) the name of the winner and who would be Hollywood film studio Dreamworks
the runner-up
(8) the name of the winner and who was the 4. For many people, the major difficulty in planning lha:
runner-up vacations is one of facini bow much it will cost.
(C) what the name of the wianer was and the
(A) their vacations is one of facing how mucb it
runner-up
(B) their vacation is you have to face how much it
(0) who won and the runner-up and what their
(C) their vacations are facing bow mucb they
names were
(0) a vacation ill facing how much it
(E) the names of the winner and the runner-up
(E) a vacation is to face how much they

243
5 5 I I 5 I I 5 I 5
S. As important as the optical telescope is. it did not allow 8. Acknowledging that successful care of patients
scientists in observing what the radio, ultraviolet, x-ray depends beavily on considering patienu' emotional
or gamma-ray telescopes do. needs, medical schools are now reguirin~ stude nts
to develO,p effective jnte!llCrsona1 skills.
(A) it did nOI allow scientists in observing
(8) scientists could not observe (A) medical schools are now requiring students
(C) but it did not allow scientists to observe to develop effective interpersonal sk:ills
(0) it does no t allow scientists to observe (B) srudents an: now being required by medical
(E) it does not allow observations by scientists schools to deveJop effective interpersonal skills
regarding (C) medical scbools are now requiring of students to
develop effecti ve interpersonal skills
6. LarJe CQJl!Ofile fauns are CQrIlJ!Cted wjth successfully (D) the requirement that students develop effective
in some instances by small farms. growipi with interpersonal skills is now being made by
o rganic methods. medical schools
(E) now students are being required by medical
(A) Large corporate farms are competed with schools to develop effective interpersonal skills
successfully in some instances by small
farms, growing with organic methods.
9. For dtcades most historians overlooked the achieve-
(B) In some instances small farms using organic
ments of polar explorer Matthew Henson. and recently
methods compete successful1 y with large
they have been incmporated into accounts of the Peary
corporate ranns. expeditions.
(e) Successful competition is given large corporate
farms in some instances from s ~ fanns, (A) and recently they have been incorporated
which grow using organic methods. (8) but recently they are to be incorporated
( D) It is successful in some instances when small (C) and recently they have incorporated them
organic farms are competing with large (0) but recently his accomplishments have been
corporate farms. incorporated
(E) Large corporate farms receive competition (E) with the recent incorporation of his achievements
successfully in some instances from small
rams with organic methodology. 10. The spongelike teJ(ture of the rocks is thoueht of as
havine beeD caused by bursting bubbles of volcanic
7. Not until the renovation is completed in the cafeteria g......
and gymnasium were the children peanjtfGd to leave
(A) is thought of as having been
their temporary classrooms and return to the main
(B) make it seem that they were
school building.
(C) are thought to be
(A) were the.childre n permitted (0) malees them thought of a... being
(8) have the children been permitted (E) is thought to ha ve been
(C) are they pennitting the children
(0) and the children an: permined
(E) wBl the ,hUdren be pennhloo
-31- IGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE>
244
I I 5 5 I 5 5
11. The theory of relativity maintains that space is curved, 14. The tall, slender larch tree is easy to rec9iDize as well
this is a concept that some of us can barely undmtand. as rieldins a duobJe timber.
(A) this is a concept that some of us can barely (A) tree is easy to recognize as well as yielding a
understand durable timber
(B) which is a concept that some of us cannot barely (8) tree, being easily recognizable, also yields a
understand durable timber
(C) a concept that some of us can barely understand (C) tree, which is easy to recognize, yields a durable
(D) that is a concept just barely understood by timber
some of us (D) tree yields a durable timber. while being easy,to
(E) a concept that some of us cannot barely recognize
understand (E) tree, not only yielding a durable timber, is easy
for one to recognize
12. We should be as concerned about the pollution of our
language by the mass media as we are about the 15. Aorence Nightingale comforted the sick and wounded.
pollutioD of our rivers by industry. and, more important, by bet successful camoaiiD·
saoitatiqn standards were raised in all hospitals.
(A) we are about the pollution of
(B) we are concerned over the polluting (A) by her successful campaign, sanitation standards
(C) the pollution caused in were raised in all hospitals
(D) well as with the polluting of (ll) she campaigned successfully to raise sanitation
(E) with the pollution in standards in all hospitals
(C) her successful campaign made sanitation
13. ThaI the Sun itself moVes throuCh space beina standards of all hospitals rise
demonstrated by Sir William Herschel. who had (0) all hospital sanitation standards were raised when
studied the motions of some of the brighter stars. she was successful in ber campaign
(E) by her successful campaign, hospital sanitation
(A) That the Sun itself moves through space being standards rose
demonstrated by
(B) That the Sun iueif moves through space was
16. The use of herbs is becoming increasingly popular in
demonstrated by today' s bealth-conscious society. herbs cap reduce
(C) Demonstrating lb.at the Sun itself moves through
the amount of salt needed in cooking.
space,
(D) The one which was demonstrating mat the SUD (A) society, herbs can reduce
itself moves through space was (8) society, for herbs can reduce
(E) The Sun itself moving through space (C) society. herbs are reducing
demonstrated by (D) society; herbs can be reducing
(E) society; since herbs reduce

245
I 5 5 5 5
J 7. The Comstock Lode. a rich silver and Kold deposit Was 19. Radioactive gases and panicles seem to prese Q ! a
discovered by the Grosch brothers. but it was named serious danKer in a CoJomdo JOWD. hayjni formerly
after a grocer. mined uranium there.
(A) The Comstock Lode, a rich silver and gold (A) seem to presenl a serious danger in a Colorado
deposit. was discovered by the Grosch brothers, lown. having formerly mined uranium there
but it was (B) in a Colorado town seem to be presenting a
(B) The Comstock Lode, a rich silver and gold serious danger; it is where uranium fonnerly has
deposit. had been discovered by the Grosch been mined
brothers; but it was (C) seems to present a serious danger in a Colorado
(C) The Comstock Lode. a rich silver and gold lown where uranium fonnerly was mined
deposit, discovered by the Grosch brothers, but (D) in a Colorado town where uranium was formerly
(D) The Groscb brothers discovered the Comstock mined seem to present a serious danger
Lode, a rich silver and gold deposit. but it (E) in a ColOJ:ado town where uranium fonneely was
had been mined seems to have presented a serious danger
(E) The Grosch brothers discovered the Comstock
Lode, and it was a rich silver and gold deposit, 20. In order to make a profit consistently. it requires
but was a great tax reduction for farmers .
18. The clarity of image in Ansel Adams' photography is

(A) it requires a great tall. reduction for farmers
far superior to other phoIQif8phers. (8) grest tax reductions for fanners are required
(C) fanners must have their taxes greatly reduced
(A) to other photographers (0) farmers' taxes must be reduced greatly
(B) to that in the work of other phooographcrs fE) there must be a great tax reduction for farmers
(C) than thai in other photographers
(D) than other photographers
(E) than compared wilh the work of other
pnotographers
·33- IGO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>

246
5 I 5 I I 5 I I 5 I I 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. The superviS01)' committee has belatedly
grammar and usage errors. Eacb sentence contains either A
than one error. The error, if there is one. is underlined recommended to its superiors that the barracks are.
one underlined part lhat must be changed to make the in need badly of constant surveillance, No error
sentence correcL If the sentence is correct, select choice E,
o E
written English.
%4. If you axe planning on applying to law school, ~
A
should take undergraduate courses in phllosopby and
A B C
accepted the resolution drafted by the political science and become involved in community
o B C
neutra1 states. No error proiects requiring practical problem-solving.
E o
No error
21. Even after the selection committee bad conducted E
25_ Recordings of studio performances have reached such

an exhaustive series of interviews, and §tiJ) A
A B inhuman perfection.!! some music lovers now
bad 10 complete the final screening of B C
C prefer to purchase recordings of live performances
potential instructors . No error o
o E only. No error
E
22. At that time • the United States maintained
A
26. The preservation of lhe Canadian musk-ox. an animal
approximately a dozen consulates in China A
B
once threatened by total extinction. is one of the
and frequeoUy transferred the staff from onc B C
C
high praised efforts of wildlife oonservatiooisls.
consulate and the other within China. No error
o
o E
No error
E
.-34- 100 ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>

247
5 5 5 I 5 5
27. Looking out at the rolling hills from the bus 31. Medical students who agree to practice medicine in a
A B A
window, Samuel brealhed a sigh ofrelicf; everything geographical area . where there is a shortage of doctors
B
was as he had remembered them. No error are eligible for special scholarships. No error
-- --
C 0 E C o E
28. The manufacturer is voluntarily recalling all cars of 32.. Astronomy is ,one of the few areas of scientific
A A
this. model so that their engine mounts could be research in which. amateurs using relatively
B C B C
replaced or reinforced. No error inexpensive equipment might still have made
o E o
significant conlributions. No error
19. The Chinese name for China is Zhonggua. which E
A
means "centraJ land" and reflects the ancient Chinese 33. In doling unknown works of art, scholars become
B A B
belief thai China was the geographical center of detectives, following down clues and working out
C 0 C
the world. No error theories that fit the available facts . No error
E o E
30. Although both O'Neill and Albee are j udged to be 34. Pictures of vipers drawn on the walls of caves
A B A
superb American playwrights, most critics consider suggest that prehistoric huntm may have used
C B C
O'Neill's plays greater than Albee . Noerrrn- soake channs for brioging good luck. No error
o E D E
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248
5 I 5 5 I 5I I 5
35. Which sentence is best to insert before sentence 5 to
Directions: The foll owing passage is an early draft of an begin the second paragraph?
(A) Finally, we were taking a trip to make use of our
Read the passage and select the best answers for the Spanish.
questions that follow . Some questions are aboUi particular (B) Not long ago CancOn was just a small fisQing
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve village.
sentence struClUI'e or word choice. Other questions ask you (C) Someone told us that "cancUn" really means
to consider organization and developmept. In choosing "snake nest".
answers, follow lhe requirements of standard written (0) We spent the beginning of our stay 00 the beach
English. and al the market.
(E) Many descendants of the ancient Mayans still live
Questions 35·39 are based on the foUowtng passage. in Meuco and in parts of South America.
(1) My favorite vacation started out as a pleasure trip 36. Which of the following is the best version of the
and ended up as an educational experience I will never underlined portion of sentence 6 (reproduced below) 1
forget. (2) Last March I went with my Spanish club to A famous archaeological site on the Yucatdn
CanCUD, Mexico. (3) At the club's weekly meetings, ~ula. and jt is one of the places where the Mayan
members are allowed to speak only in Spanish. (4) AD IndilUlS once lived.
year long we looked forward to the trip.
(S) On the third day in Cancio, our adviser, (A) (As it is now)
Ms. Fuentes, helped us organize an excursion to Chic~n (B) It is a famous archaeological site on the Yucatan
fUJi. (6) A famous arcbaeological site on the Yucatan Peninsula. and it is
Peninsula, and it is onc of the places where the Mayan (C) We visited a famous archaeological site on the
Indians once lived. Yucaan Peninsula and
(7) The ancient Mayans were a very advanced society, (0) Chich~n llZi, a famous arcbaeologicaJ site on the
they had a complex alphabet, calendar. and system of Yucatan Peninsula and
mathematics. (8) This advanced society vanished from (E) A famous archaeological site on the YucatWi
Chich&! ItzA in about the year 514. (9) Maybe it was Peninsula, Cmchin ItzA is
because of an invasion by a tribe called the Toltecs.
(10) Later, Spanish explorers destroyed most Mayall 37. Which of the following is the best version of the
records. and not many exist. (11) TIle history of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (rtPJ:Oduced below) ?
Mayans has been passed down mainly through stories. The ancient Mqyans were a yery advanced society.
(12) TIle huge pyramid at Chicben Itt! proves how they had a complex alphabet. calendar, and system of
much the Mayans knew about archjtecture and astronomy. mathematics.
(13) The pyramid had been built so that on the two days
of the equinox each year, shadows appear on the pyramid (A) (As it is now)
(B) The ancient Mayans, a very advanced society with
in the shape of the serpent god KuJrulcan. (14) My friends
(C) The ancient Mayans were a very advanced society
and I were lucky to be with thousands of visitors who had
come to see this spectacle on the first day of spring. with
(0) Naturally. the ancient Mayans were a very
advanced society who had
(E) It should be noted thai the ancient Mayans were a
very advanced society because of
249
5 5 I 5 I 'II>' 5
.1lIJ\
38. In context, which of the following is the best version 39. To improve the essay, which sentence should be
of the underlined portion of sentence 9 (reproduced deleted?
below) ?
(A) Sentence 3
Maybe ~ because of an invasion by a tribe called (B) Sentence 4
the Toltecs. (C) Sentence 11
(0) Sentence 13
(A) (as it is now)
(E) Sentence 14
(B) the mystery was
(C) the defeat was
(0) it resulted
(E) it disappeared
S T OP
-37·
250
ANSWER KEY SCORE CONVERSION TABLE
FORM A - Alternate Form 2005 FORM A - Alternate Form 2005
CRITtCAL WRITtNG Scores Scores
READtNG MATH SKILLS Critical Writing Critical Writing
Section 1 Section 2 SectIon 5 Points Reading Math Skill. Points Reading Math Skill.
1. A 1. E 1. E
2. A 2. C 2. e 48 80 15 42 46 46
3. 8 3. 0 3. E 47 80 14 41 45 45
4. C 4. 0 4. 0 46 79 13 40 44 44
5. A 5. A 5. 0
6. A 6. C 6. 8 45 76 12 39 43 43
7. 8 7. 8 7. E 44 74 11 38 41 42
8. e 8. 8 8. A 43 72 10 37 40 41
9. 0
10. e
9.
10.
e
A
9. 0
10. E
42
41
71
69
•
8
36
35
39
36
41
40
11. 8 11 . A 11 . C
12. 0 12. 8 12. A 40 68 7 34 37 39
13. e 13. A 13. 8 31 67 80 6 33 36 38
14. A 14. E 14. e 38 66 80 80 5 32 34 37
15. 8 15. E 15. 8 37 65 77 78 4 31 33 36
16. e 16. 0 16. 8 38 64 7. 75 3 30 32 35
17. 8 17. E 17. A
18. e 18. A 18. 8 35 63 72 73 2 29 30 34
19. E 19. 0 19. 0 34 62 70 72 1 28 29 33
20. E 20. e 20. e 33 61 69 70 0 26 27 32
21 . e 21 . 8 32 60 67 68 ·1 24 26 31
22. 0 22. 0 31 59 66 66 -2 22 24 30
23. E 23. 0
24. 0 24. A 30 58 64 65 -3 20 21 29
25. 8 21 57 63 63 -4 20 20 28
Section 3
25. e
26. e
Section 4
21 .
22.
E
A
26.
27.
28.
0
0
e
28
27
28
56
55
54
61
60
59
62
60
59
.
·5
·7
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
25
24
27. 0 23. 0 29. E
28. e 24. A 30. 0 25 52 57 57 -8 20 21
29. 0 25. e 31 . E 24 51 56 56 -II 20 20
30. 8 26. 0 32. 0 23 50 55 55 ·1 0 or 20 20
31 . A 27. 8 33. e 22 49 53 53 below
32. e 28. e 34. 0 21 48 52 52
33. A 29. 96 35. 0
34. 8 30. 4 36. E 20 47 51 51
35. 0 31 . 13. 14. 37. e I. 46 50 50
36. A Of 15 38. E 18 45 49 49
37. A 32. 500 39. A 17 44 48 48
38. E 33. 7/2 or 3.5 16 43 47 47
39. E 34. 1120 Of 0.05
40 . 8 35. 5
41 . 0 36. 200
42 . A 37. 29
43. E 38. 44
44 . 0
45. e
46. E
47 . 0
48. e
251
5 ,5 I 5 I 5
SEClI'ION 5
11me- JO InImda
39 OtM!:ItioI..
Dlrcc1IoaI: For each questJoo n this:lCCtioo. seJcc;t ilia bollltSlW'Ct" from l!DIOQg tho choices liven :md fiJ.I in \he com:spaodiag-
ovlll on tbc aImIo"U:shect..
The (ollowing SCIIll:mc:a 2.. Ml' IPGJ bias IIcm ~gg at a 19a1 ~I srore
most or bet ttlull tlfe.
anssloo. Pan .0( or IhG mtiro 1mI!~
Wldcruned; bc!nOl\th e h SeoceoCe ace five, WGyI or (A) My I been workina 1 I , ~t
pbt:asing the nndcrtincd mau:rial. Ooiee A rcpcmt the . t(We moss ether adult Ufa .
ori&inal pbmin&; tl\c other (our choices an: dJffctcnl. If (8) My Aunt is ~g -aI a loc:nJ dcpu1mCn1 st()(e
you think the oris nal phraal~ _ produces;:a better seolCISoe m of her aduh fire. ,
than An)' of tbc aJlm:I -tiVCl$, ~ cboice A:; If no,.
!!elect ( H vlDg ~ for IDQd.t oIlbcr adult fife thc:rc.
one of the Olhcr C' my aunt'is at a local ckpatamcat store.
D Most of her adull Uf~ I beD myaunJ bas been
In matiIig )'OUJ Id«:don. foUow the n:quircmantJ ( i'OtkfDg at a loebl d~ ~
standard wrinen EaJIbb; dat is. PQ)"!len a to gDDDJW:. { A Joc:a] department .r;t()R: ~ wben: my mmliutll
~ at ""OM, len eoasUUCt1on, and punctuation. bcc:o wodcing (n most ofbcr Idull.lffe.
Yoor selection hoold n:sull in the mcm c:ffi .vc
semcnce-clclU' IUMJ .Prec:ise. without '.awKwardness or
3. S yml mem f chc b1 Scow troop wcned
ambigWty.
uoceasjnS for gudo. UIe poI.ol5 ncOessary to ~'iA
BXAMPlE:
Ispecial awards.
(A UDCCalIing (ot camiltg
....urll Ingalls i:kkr published her fUJI boot
(B) unccasifi8 10 c m
IUU1.Jbo wulim..fi i; ycm Qld Ibem. (C) in an uaeculns way for emU
eA) And she was · . .o.)le old chen (D ~ Iy rGfwni:Dg,
) when she was si1Iy·fivo (£) u ' y IOcmt
( age sixly·five yean ~
(D) upoo the reach!~ .ty-liv-e ~
(E) at tbetimc when he w •five
<4>_$ <t> art l...o-ti ~ tte sevuaJ world racurd$ in tnd
du.rlng his Olympic CU'CCr'.
l. The lcuer...n1JCQ by , cuttent and published in the (8 veta! worid reoo broken by
Pinsburgh Post ~ne.. and a Q1hinr CJitkbm Cui I.,.ewis were duriDg Olympic career.
MBain5 t !.be diy' hapdlioa ofmeea mpair. ( ScYU1l world tc«)('ds. bco by Cad Lewis
dm,iDg his Olympic carocr in tracL
(A) and II ~OrM n criddsm a~st tho dlY'. bandling
(D) Cad~' Olymp' ~ In u:ack iD~ lved
or IItreel! repalr him bre3tin toVml wocta reoords.
(B will 1tC1L'l:ht.ng critkism of the city' handling
(B) Having aD ~ curur in tract, sa'COl
, Iln: \I rop!1lr
(C) I . thing cribci$m of bow tho city handles world teOOC'ds to broken by Cad I.e '
(he tqWt or sttcelS
(D) ..... lbc c:.ity's tWII:Wn.a f.tRd fq)lIir.
bdng • ..JCIlhins criticism
(6) whJ9b 5N! t bingty critkhod tho c:hy', bandIing
of $\tcCt repair
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252
5 (I) r--III 5.PI--' 5 I 5 P,-.. ,.' 5

s. lbr< Qvn1q Bmldina· I New X'd 'MCAW· "'bote
i~M in mlxiJ~ Ilmollt equals
dull of the SiDpirelSlacc Bl.lld 01.
CIOnllMl&cr printing.
(A) TbeOu)'$IerBulldlng, New YOlk akyac:napcr.
wboscim~ 18 lI.n Irc:h tCClfUl"IIllnndmAlk (A) 1D~1IbccD ~luDoahcd by dcvelopmcnm
(8) ThcChfysfcrBuUding. whlolalM nNew Yon: (8) I been • I1IY Illlion in the development
~s.c:nrper und wboac ImporiaDcc .. an (C) been ~ luuoruu.d by developments
atdtitectw1l11aad.mAtk (D) wc:re. n:votutioMry dC\'e!oprncnt
(C) A New Yolk IIkyacnpcr w I.b ~ 8$ au (E) tbey were revolutlo(l~ devcloptneDts
, arthitectUt3llllBl1inlrt. Ibe Chry bu
'(0) Thc!ChIy&Ier-BulltUns ill Y ~~1D5' ,8. Me!&yi bu a'ldlls::iU.ol1aac numin&.ourses when me
wbosei.Jnpmrtanco an ardIit«tll:'aJ b.odmark WIU em l)' 10 blib ~OJlUnd it dcdicatcd to 1lDlSiD,.
(8) A New York l pet. the auy.act 8Gi1diug.
\\illicb is an t.eceunllmcIr:twt and 'bose (A) Mclavi h.. udJlcd (otlClio Il1I1Sing coones whc!s
i.mparnmce she W only in bJgb acboQl aDd
(8) M¢hay nudlkd llege nursing cowseseYeD in
high hoot.
6. Altboop MjcbefPl"'io bod DO deifu; 10 palm the!
(C) AudJdtI, oolkae c l.a& CICIUDCS cYcO in hi8b
Cpa Jwltmml. fps)e blll mooIcmI hjm to do so. Kbool ...'heft M vi
A) AJ1boogb M'tehelangolo bAd no desire co (D) Me ..'be> IIi.lCStcd co1lcge DIIJ3ing 1:OUl'SCS
paint the I.Asl Iud nun', Pope Paul m hen ~ ilW high scbool
cxdc:rcd him (B) , ~ela I coUqe (luning courses wheo
(8) MIchelangelo hJid 00 dcsl~ 10 (NIiOI the • only I.n tujh Kbool. in thai she
lA$t Judsm4!1l/, whlcb Pope P~ul rn WA5
OIdcring him 11. Alice WIlker rnI!dq • qip to fJod<.lA thirteen rem .Ocr
(C) Michelangelo, ~110 ot no d Ito 10 pml bcrdc;Jtb CO yiNI rbo 10m ofZomNeale Hwston. Ihe
the lAJT JIUl8~(lI. Pope PDU1 monSered bl:m "Y""n wbslhad iolP1o:sl bet i1 jI wriler.
(0) Wilh MiroeIanado bavin 'DO d I to ~t ~
Last Judgml!nl. PopG Paul W him (A Allee Walker mode 11 trl.p to Fioridathirteen yeara
(B) Michelangelo had DO dcslrc 10 IIllbe .L ast o.ftu- bet death t Ylilt the gnlVe OfZora Neale
Judgmeru. be was ordeI:ed b Pope. Paul m Hur lan, tho WOllaDn wno had inspired bet as a
'litu.
level ot the
CB Tbin:eeo ycat'l Aner bet death. Ance WaDcer made
a trip to florida 10 visit the gJ1l\'C of 2'£n eaJe
Rmeon. the woman 'bo bId!inspiml her lIS
writer.
(C) 1'hInocI1 ye~ nft.ef \he deadl of Zorz Neale
HIltJtOQ. Allee Walker vi:siIcd tbegra'\--e oflbo
0f'lWI havo inal'tn>d ~ as a writer In
florida.
D) 1bin.ccts alter Iho delI&tl S' 2'.or.l Neale'
.. Sbc was imrvicwed Q~ (QC.1h,'I.M~~~"-MI4i R At co W 'er made trip to Florida to
one of only a few fcma~ jockey . • ' 1 tbe pvc of the woman who had. inspired
bet' u. writer.
(A) (or I.he reason of her bdn& (8) AlIce Walker. m.Ui.ni trip!O Florid~ to vbil the
(8) em aocount of she w vc (7.0". Neala Hucu()n, wfto had inspired
(C) byla~ing
ber u.s I writer thirtccn years Id'tcrherdca.th.
(0) because she WAS
(8) being as,She was
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253
5 I I 5 I 5 I 5 I 5
aU t)cllcve. rho temple 'a'U 15. .kau¥ .hG nrcded JQ c9nccottalO in order lO create
_~~U.ll&Umn.!tbmladliers nnd priests bet ~tI)' playful iUu:stJU~MS. she had to find
tn·ed. ."ClDbippod. aod IOvomed. • pl~ lnwhkb 10 wotk.
(A) the temple lopsICd by II plultonn wb~}' (A the needed Co ~nmu.e

(8) there a plIdonn the lOp of the temple 8) ac«Icd concet\rnhoa
wbereb)\' (C) ~'CJopiIl, the CClIKlCIIIRtiOO ~
(C) tbc Icmp1e" . topped by IlpbdOJDl. which (1) Conceotrarion was a.ecessary
(D) on Cop of fthc temp it ;a pladorm in which (li) \nee 1hcn: 'IQS a oeed fOrc::oocmtnd~n
(B) tho tctmple w copped • pbdorm on wfrich
16. HAving the responsibffiry 01'2 put-bll:lIe job an are Uy
J3. Cumnl Unit Sbl1cS I w ~ DOt allow ~ics. benenl II gh IChooi s1Ddcms, all of rbem musJqm to
to scllnlmOIl or eustomtn 001 nthetwig profniAa mltllIJD Ihclr time well in order tiD IIIC'CClCI1 £niece
from ciccul"Ur1I8 consumer llIU. or tho wOrkplaoe.
A nor othcrwiGe prontin8 (A) all of ~om must Ieam
(8) nor ochcrwiflo fot profil (8) all of momarcleaming
C) DOt odIcrwi!IC tiavlna profit or
(C) aU whom must leurn
(I» Of ochetWilO profited (0) all hAve to lum
(E) odIcrw . 10 pfOfil y aU have to Jcam
14. No pbot oVrir fully snca:cds In caproring the

h.an~ on 8Ibjcg. INA PQJV:Ijt pJ: !be( pmldenc is
tA) su~joa. d1is ponmit of abc pn:sident is

(8) bj • aDd this J)QItrail of th¢ p~ldel1l I
(C) sub ~ til ponnic of me president be II
(0) f i Wf~ chis portrait of the 'dcfl
(ll) IlUbJ .. a1Id with lh1s pontait of Ihc! I
bcJnS
254
5 , 5 I I 5 I 5 I 5
11. t3 dbl", had .,. fty yc.us 0 ro~ p ta'tioo ~ dislU
many IAl p~ refouriess wbo foIlQW$d.him. iDcl the uc,n<:es, includiD dcgaded landscape.
American I ri 1Sle3det MDJtI.n lutbtr King. Jr. doctlon of 5Cvcn1 mmaI pecic!!, A1Qn !dth
JmAC"ptDble Igvth of soU cmslgn. -ad ~asw~1C
(A) Mobmd.&s OamJhl'lI Innueoce tw had II flooding.
great effect on m ny lAter reformer& who
followcd him (A aJ with W\8CeepLllhlc b-e1s of UC 1(10. and
(8) MetwtdllJ OllDdhi's ~~ bwl g16It (B) wilh WUl.CCtptJble I of soil erosion.
on many i.ascr rdarm::rs C) th l1IW:CC!plubJc:.~ch ( U cro9eon. and
M()handu GI&DdbJ ~y influenced (D) UDaCCcpulble lcvels of soil ~ 00, with
1M n)' Luc:r fotmetl . ( UJlAoce~ble Ie e 0( &oil erosion. and
• (D) The InfllXDCCor Mohand " was
~ n mAuy lakf- rdor:mcts 20. Chtl tophcr ambus W IlJ] ItAl
Mmy la~r rtfooDcrs ~ilo foIlov.'td him hAve poople: AWoUDfj tb.u be WIl~H' S
(elt his gre:I 1Ifluc~ and effecl n.ftcr A) m many people
Mh nw fundhj (8) y people s u
C) DOt whioh man)' people me.
Cmruri~4~.~~~~~~~~~QW~~ (D nol, Itll mll.ll)' people a:ssumc.
aDd tmde c;msd it to gam tho edt:nlratlon and envy of bUl mWl)' people me him lUI
other l"""'IiJIQ..
(A &be Phoenioian ompbasis OCI elploration MIS cradc
caused it 10 I'D
(8) bycmpbasi2.ing t p 000 and tr~dc. this C3U!1ed
lhe Phoenl ' to ~lItn
(C) Ph cnldan c:m:pbasis on CitpJonuJop aDd tnde
cllUlCd them t e.ttn
(0) can n cxplontioD md oac on trade led
to tbe Pboeruciwu' ~
(E ~asis on up mcftrade eamod
PboeI1 elll.O$
IGO OHTOTIIE NEXT PAGe)
255
5 I I 5 5 I 5 5
abillty to roooJDiz.c ll. Though !!.
wa.. wril~ In the sixtecalh CCtlcury.
grammar Ind etroflI. Eacb c;:()olaina e tbct A B
• a J\8~ error or 00 c:uor 1 all. No ~ eoouUn mo~
than 000 «TOt. The. emx.lI chcro i. ODe. is undcrl ncd Shakespeare' pll), RfHMO and hlltl IWpc.a1s 10
and ~ If the seD oC4los an error. adc.ct tho C
one undcrllned part that &nUll be c:bangcd 10 make the modern lludlCDCICS ~ ill ponrayal of youthf'uJ
IIOnle:nC:t CXIa'CC:t. U'IM -.entea:e is correct. CC1 choice E.
In choo iog wen, follow the nqu.ircmonlJ of 5UDda.n! o
rtB\ EDglWt. on glllnst sociaIlDCI (lDlilinl COllJttiinu.
EXAMPUl:
Noc:nor
The other cklcjllllca lad him lmmcdiatcly E
A' B C
cd tbc n:solutioh cia.&d by the 14. 't'k decision or the Jdcn.tbcs to 'coo uo lcsting the
o A
DCW procccluR for two ~ hAve dtawn
B
ppon Met proccst from tho~ rtJo mil)' beMfit from
21. Wbe:u the Jon wajled ~ prom ~ only o
&he pro«dure. No c:tn)t
A-
I fcw wee away. me cmd Tcny began to havo B
» 1S. As a revoliitlawy reformer. Csat Ch.avel was
dou obout pullin mucb money and dTon
A
C
In.uumenl I in orpnizing rnrm wed 0i it WIU
Into prc:pariDg rot 4 ~ ,so:iaJ evenl, No eaor B
o E ~ ~tbo led their stru
C . 0
oondJloos, Noc:tTDt
E
111(1) r'Da\W locus ~ del1bccuc. gnccfuJ
A 8
U. A1t.bough Janlco and Tat colLaloomlcd Oft plms few
movemenu tNt iDp('Ovc &1JtOglb.. bci:n 0 Ilc,
A
e ' 0 gdrive. II
IOd balance No error
bcamc I+J?parem to all that JA.fcl~'& c:omnOudan WIlS

B
more aucW to tho •s mccesa thJm !!!!.
e o
256
5 5 5 5
,
27. An avid n:adu or hJ cxia1 fiction. Hon dreamed J. The benefits ~ the new PtO?UoCt ~ been c:o..n:fully
A
(Iving in ~ En IIlnd; far him. life n the: 1udled from the ccti~ o(tbe COnHlIOltl 10
8
Iwclnh ccsumy will obviously be DWch more dl'QI'C that it is lI1JIl'kdod d1'ectively _ No ~t
o o E
C1dt1n lhan II rein the c 1Ctl'Y- fl \ 9CfI tl1fY. r
• 31. ~ tho I:DCimt theory r aod '(Ill
E
A
28. :....:;.:;;:=;..;..::;==.::. -!!! 11 lIttliat llJdenr. tboO&h nor tbc a>CI<Se:m lnvestigati 0( endorphins
B B
eaclI of boWl a oigbL Ideq cclyo.xplalns wbyacuPUOc:lut:e
C
effective Jh tell ving pain. .......;.....;....;..-
'
B o E
29. TIle jc ·black CO)Qf of crow ! ,denafy other 33.
A B
go III p t dl..stances durina the day wbJlc 1 VI: w tile ~ thnl unclear ~ UI ng
C 0 B
9V! g ~ from CDCml gill .;.....;;;.~-
Onion ..'OUld be prcfembl ~ tbo8e u~ing n
o
ocnor
30. The up . tar Amanda
- -----
A
E
was the buis ~ r!.be

-B eJ RobinwfI its 34. UsunllX. distmb:uu:tR In one ara (the economy
A .
ulMr. lnnid Dc[~. ,"fib li~ the ()Unl At\\feJl to SOt»c. cXlCnI us tbe other wot . --'-- -
B o E
poNJ'C(lk8. No etrOf
E
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257
5 5 I 5 5 I 5
35. &ntmcc '2 ~C'VCS to
Dlre:cdoti: Tbc following pa$$I i IIJl elU'ly draft 01 III
essay. Some pAIlS of the,P,aSsage be rewritten. A) ~k"~ the vallcfity (It J)Oru'ng method
(B) out a mist.akrn 11
Read til P and select the be .. an for We (C) U lD1 problem U GOlas seriOUSIlJ l has
questionS thnt ~ 1 • Some quCl\tJon are aboat p!1rtioular bcea thooglu to be
sc:nknc or p/UU f ~IC Wld tWc you to..improye D) propose a simple lution Qo a COf.tIJlkx problem
~ tnKtun: or word c cc. Other ques.1iom you I1IIC an assum ft thAI wiU ~ be Wft to be
to orgMi.zatim and dcve'lopment. rn cboowll false . .
(i . w the requ.ittmetlu of standard wriltm
36. WbJeh is the best w y to revise iDd comblno lh$

undI::rti:Dcd pudoll of AenteDCCS Sand 6 reproduced
QuMloru 35-39 f'dtt 10 th CoUowlq lid. . below) ?
Those' who uppon nvsndoJory /orri IS ~uage study
1 A poll takan In the Ulliterl Statc5 in 1998 sbo",'Cd
th.a1. 00 1\'e'l'3ge, odull Amc:ric:aas ta1d to bc.l C''''C t;ba1 over
poilltlQ the ltJcatuintly ,l9bal «ctMmy , na
stet::
tho: pcop/~ In bluiMsr tmd ~ry 0/101 n«d to
hnlf of !he world' .ropulati~ EQSIl~. (1).In reality. ~Gfort181t langll48e .
Qoly about 0 percent dQ. (3) MOAD\\'b Ie. v~ry few high ,
achool ~ the: United Sea can peak a'forci (A) bal economy aod
' II
language. SUTd fow r tIwi 8 pmcnl Amakan College
5b!dmu enroll Ln fOfdgn imlgullgO OOu.rses.: (4) One (B pointcAe iDcreas:i.ngly alobal c:cooomy. bUI
cootrovcnlliJ p .pos:al to 2ddroA8 lhlJ ISltua.tion · C retl.lltc Ihoy .stress
aD smdco In J\mI:.riCaD pub (. hootil to uod)' roceJan ~ polnl 10 Uie - ngly 81~ IQ)' I&Dd
la:Q ~
(.5 ) ThoSe wbo support 'In foreign Wnguuge they poin! to the ac:rusiogly globlll cQOOC)tXly to
s~d)' point to the inauJl1DSly 1ecooomy. (6) The)'
ftlM38 th,U peep .in ~ aad indo.sny ollan need to poiot ro the inc~· gDobU eoonomy. and
'PC It II (ore go ~F' (7) Porcignen..1hey NO.
SIR:SSin
old like me Ameri cboy do business with to
Q lAnd their bngua ;md cuslC;ms.. 8) M v 37. Tho third parasrapb (Wu.on~ 9- JO) .. kI be most
frlcadly rdmion~ botween people of dlffcfCf)1 eulIurc::!i wengmellcd by.ddi:ng
nourish wbI:o each patty 1cDowIlh;e lllnSlIlIgc f • r. A) cbc 001o, of the supportc:Ii'5 referred to in the
(9) SapportaJ of tho propcml al50 cilt tho pognith-e pb
ud~llI1tage$ of (! IBn language study. (10) Tho)' poiDt oat (B) • ddinltlon of tl)O pbrue "'1 ",ian J/lng~gc"
thlu research correbtion ~ nLl~CY in I (C) fUrtbcr &eussion of the h mentioned
(~igo langu and hi&h ,academic . \"m)enl. 1.11 lhe p;uagraph
(U) l1io14 PfOICd to rcqairing Ii fO gn IIoguagc stud)' (0) • dltcU$SIon of roo efJoctive tcQtmqocs foc
szy not GVcryonc ne to be bllJ.ngulll because CIlly teAChing fomp tugua es
cemia areu of die wort world occ Ilace kD~ing ''''' 13) cnmple~ 9lltingu th t'6tudeDts sboaJd be
Jan Il) gesides. ~ oppoaents, the real moe studylog
time, (13) Sd)oob a,e ovetburcSc:oc:d lXIW uyiDg to tc,
children all the. Deed 10 know.
I 00 ONlO 1lIE NexT PAGE)
258
5 I 5 I 5 I I s· 5
Whid1 pbnu< If plACed ... the bcgiru:Un I' c:nlence 9. In cOOte. ~,. wbal t wily to deal witb ~
t I. W<)uld .~c tllt'm effective Ilansillon the 12 (reproduced be
.... rn,n..;,,!.l'o
In oj ..... '?
"'flI' ........
BeiJda.. opponents, tl16 r~aJ
(A) In lIddi •
(B) 10 !u.\. A l..ave it as ,
) Owlge "ar&~d Dencs" "'ooe would
(C)
(0
On the
For wmlple.
~ nd.
"n,
(C) O!:m~ "o.rgucd- to "~uc"•
• rault.
(D Ouwg" ued ops:lOlX'nI.s" to 'll1i,tul)d $tIpj)OnCG
against the ide ".
B Move .~ I1CI}lH" to the cud o{ the
IlCntmce and delete tho oornm.&S.
s
caf1od.
If you ftnlah bofom dme I.
p
you may chock your work on \hI, ,ocUon only.
Do not turn to ny other section In the test.
259
CRITICAL WRITING Scores ScoreJ;

MATH
READING SKILLS Critical Writing Critical Writing
Points Reading Math Skills Points Reading Math Skills
Section 1 Section 2, Section 5
1. E 1. 0 1. B 48 80 15 43 45 43
2. B 2. B 2. A 47 80 14 42 44 42
3. E 3. B 3. E 46 78 13 41 43 41
4. B 4. E 4. A
45 76 12 40 42 40
5. D 5. 0 5. D
44 73 11 39 41 39
6, 0 6, A 6, A
7. B 7. E 7. E 43 72 10. 38 40 38
8. E 8. D 8. D 42 70 9 37 39 38
9. 0 9. E 9. 0 41 69 8 36 38 37
10. D 1.0 , A 10, D
11 . E 11 . 0 11. D
40 .6 7 7 35 37 35
12. D 12. A 12. E 39 66 80 6 34 36 34
13. D 13. D 13. E ,38 65 80 78 5 33 34 33

14. B 14 . D 14. B 37 64 76 74 ,4 32 33 32
15: D 15. C 15. A ,36 63 7.2 71' 3 31 32 31
16. E 16 . D 16. 0
17, E 0 17, 3,5 62 70 '68 2 29 30 29
17. 0
18. A 18. B 18. E '34 61 68 66 1 28 28 27
19. 0 19. A 19. E 3.a 60 67 64 0 25 26 24
20. A 2.0. D 20. D '32 59 65 62 -'1 24 24 20
21, E 21. B 31 58 64 61' -2 21 22 20
22 . E 22. D
23 . 0 23, E 30 57 62 59 -3 20 20 20
24: 0 24. B ~9 56' 61 58 -~ 20. 20. 20.
25. 0 28 55 60 57 -5' 20 20 20
Section 3 Section 4 '26. D ,27 54 58 56 -6 20 20 20
25. A 21. A 27. 0 26 53 57 54 -1' 20 20 20
26. D 22. B 28. B
27. E 23. A 29. B ,25 52 56 53 -8 20 20
28. E 24. D 30. B '24 51 55 52 -.9 20. 20.
29. E 25. 0 31. 0 2;3 50 54 51 ,fo 20 20
30. 0 26. E 32. D 22 49 52, 50 ' 1"1 20
31. E 27. 0 33. 0 21 48 51 49 -'1'2 .20
32. B 28. 0 34. E
33. D 29. 17 35. B ~o 47 50 48
34 0 30. 9/2 or 4'.5 36. 0 ,19 46 49 47
35. B 31. 124 37. 0 18 45 48 46
36. B 32. 10 38. 0 17 44 47 45
37. B 33. 18or19 39. 0 16 44 46 44
38. 0 34. 1430
39. A 35. 1/5 or.2
4.0. 0 36. 237
41 . B 37. 8
42 . A 38. 48.0
43. E
44. D
45. B
46. B
47 , E
48. D
260
5 ,5 5 5 .. 5
SEcTIONS
TIme - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39) .
DIrections: For each question in this Section, select the best answer.from among the choices given and fill in the correspqnding
oval on the answer sheet. . , , .
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 2. The Human Geno~e Project, a thirteen':'year ,
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence interna~onal effort, that Was ~in~ initiated in'1990.
is und~rlined; beneath each sente~ce are five ways of
(A) dUlt was being initiated
(B) having been initiated
origirial phrasing; the other four choices are different. If '
(C) with its initiation
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
(0) was initiat~
(E) initiating
In making your sel~tion, follow the requirements of 3. The oil tanker split in two and sank, thereby it created
standard written English; that is, pay attention to gi'ammar, an ecological disaSter of incalculable proportions. '
choice of words, sentenCe construction, and punctuation.
(A) thereby it created
(B) thereby,creating
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardn,ess or
ambiguity. (C) this made_it thet:ebycreate '
_ (0) . the creation thereby of
(E) it created thereby
'EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book 4. Worried because only one day remained befQre his
and she Was sixty-fiVe years old then. son's birthday, Michael's search for the po,pular
,action-fipre toy Was desperate.
(A) and she was siXty-five years old then
(B) when she was siXty:-five (A) Michael's search for the popular 'action-figure
(C) , at age sixty-five years old toy w~ desperate "
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (B) ,Michael's desperate search was 'for the popular
.(E) at the time when she was sixty-five action-figure toy
. ®_®@([) (C) the popular action-figure toy was what Michael '
despeJ,'8tely searched for
(0) the popular action-figure toy'for Which ~chael
1. A pioneer of modem oceanography, Earth's entire
ocean floor was fiot-mApped by scientist Marie'Thmp. desperately searched
', ' (E) :tdichael searched desperately for the popular
,(A) Earth's entire ocean'floor was first mapped by action-figure toy ,
scientist Marie Tharp
(B) the first mapping of Earth's entire ocean floor was
by scientist Marie Tharp
(C) Marie TharP, who was the ~ scientist to map
Earth's entire oce8n floor
,(0) Marie Tharp was the first scientist to map Earth's ',
'entire ocean floor
(E) scientist Marie Tharp, who was the first to map
Earth's entire ocean floor
-30-
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261
5 ·1 5 5I ', .
I 51 5
.s. Beinl barely a foot tall. even when standinl oD their 8. Alice Hamilton's pioneering research in industrial
. hiiid lels~ are merniJsAh., c8nUvores that f~ on insects medicine resulted·in them uncovering many health
and smallvertebrates~ . . bAIJl[ds in the workplace. " .
(A) Being barely afoot tall,even when standing on (A) Alice Hamilton'S pioneering researCh in industrial
. their bind·. legs, are meerkats, . medicine resulted in them.uncovering many
(B) Though barely a foot-tall, even when standing on health hWnis in the workplace. . I .
their hind legs, meerkats as , (B). Alice Hamilton's pioneering research in indUstrial
(C) Barely a foot tall, even when standing on their medicine led to the unCovering of many health
. .hind legs, meerkats are . .. . hazafds in the workplace~
(D) Ev~n on their hind legs, meerkats, they are barely . . (C) They expOsed many'health hazards in the .
, . a foot tall, workplace and it was because of the result of
(E) Meerkats, 'while being barely'a fooftaU, even . Alice Hamilt~n' s' pioneering research.
when standing on their hind ~egs, (D) Industrial medicine research, pioneered by Alice
Hamilton, resulted.in their uncovering of many
6. Nectar ina Sieve, by Kamala Markandaya, a widely . health.hazards in the workplace.
.acclaimed best seller about a Wonuu)' SstDIil1e to fiild (B) Alice Hamilton pion~red 'industrial D;ledicine, .
happiness in a changing India.' , ., research, 'which is why many health hazards in
the workplace were uncovered.
(A) a wjdely acclaimed best seller about a woman's .
stnJgg)e . . _9. Claude McKay Was intending to study agriculture.
(B) whic~ .is a widely-acclaimed best seller about
a woman struggling . . he came to the United States from Jamaica to do $hat.
. (e) who wrote a widely acclaimed best"seUer about (A) Claude McKay was intending to ,study agriculture,
a woman who strugg)es . he came to the United States from Jamaica to'
(D) is a wi~ly acclaimed best seller about a woman's do that•
strugg)e " . .(B) Claude McKay came to the United States from
(B) widely acclaimed as a best seller about a woman's ~amaica, he intended to study agriculture.
struggle (C) Coming to the United States from Jamaica was
Claude McKay, where he intended to study
7. The house sold in less than a month Arter making agriculture. .. .
DmJim to its ~f and chimney. (P) In~nding to study agriculture, Claude 'McKay
(A) after making repairs . came .to the. United States from Jamaica.
(B) Having come to the ,United states from Jamaica~ .
(B) of the making of repairs ..
studying agriculture was Claude McKay's
. (C) after repaitJ were made
intention.
(D) since the repairs ended
(E) following the repairing
~o. The climbers ascending to the ridge~ they did not want
to go back down without teaching the top of the
mountain.
(A) The climbers ascendingtto the ridge, they
(B) Ascending to the ridge, was why the climbers
(C) H,ving aScended·to the ridge, the climbers
(D) To ascend to the ridge, the climbers
(E) ' The climbers ascended to the ridge, they
. ,
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262
..
5 "I I 5 :1 I 5 I' 5 I' I 5

11. Seeking both protection'from predatorS ind 14. In 1926liistorian Carter .0 . 'Woodson proposed that the
QPportunities to hunt 'cooperatiyelY. many fish achievements .of Africail' Americans beiDg celebrated '
congregate in schools. eyeD' Febnuuy. the month when both Frederick
J?ouglass ,and President Abraham Lincoln were born.
(A) Seeking both protection from predators and
opportunities to hunt cooperatively,' (A) being celebrated every February, the month when
(B) Seeking p~tection from Pre.ttators mid to hunt (B)be 'celebrated every February, the month in which
with cooperation; , , (C)oUght to be celebrated everY February for when ,
(C) Protection from predators and ~pportunities to (D)should he celebrated in every February when
hunt cooperatively.'are sought by " ' (E)have a February celebration~ which is the month
(D) To seek protection ,from predators and cooperative
hUnting opportunities is why , 15. Marfa Celeste ArraRs was named in 2006 as one
(B) While seeking both protection from predators and of Newsweelc's =rgp 20 Women'in 'Leadership.'"
, opportunities to hunt, then . &JHtii,anchorand managing'editor of-a popular
Spanish-language television news program. ,
12. The many legends suirounding the Aztec deity
(A) Maria Celeste Arraras was named in 2006 as ,one '
Quetzalcoatl includes stories of hi~ tranSformation
into the mOrning', star. ' of !'Iewsweek;s "Top 20 Women in Leadership,"
she is .
XA) includes (B) Maria Celeste Arrants, in 2006 named as one of ,
(B) including Newsweek's ''Top,20 Women in ~dership,"
(C) inqlude and she is . ' , '
(D) having include.d (C) Mana Celeste Arrants, in 2006 she was named
;, i (B) that include , as oneQf~ewsweek's ''Top'20 Women in '
Leadership," is
13. Some species of cliff-dwelling sea birds that breed ' ' (D) In 2006 they' named Maria Celeste Arrants as one
without nests lay eggs that are padially cone-shaped: of NewSweek's ''Top 20 Women in Leadetship,"
such eggs rollin small circles, returning to their haVing been .' ". ,
origin~ pOsitions. ' ' (E) Named,in 2006 as one of Newsweek's ''Top 20
Women iDLeadership," Maria Celeste Arrants is
(A) that are partially cone-shaped; such eggs roll
(B) . being partially cone-shaped, such eggs roll
(C) that, hemg cone-shaped and rolling
(D) and are partially cone-shaped, they-roll
, (B) that are partially cone-shaped and rolling'
\ '
.~
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263
5 I 5 1 5 'I 5 5
. .. ! .
,
...
16. Crickets 1UP4Yce their characteristic cbim by scraping 19. The kej to job Contentment.'a study shows. is not "
, ' its right forewing A\g,Ossa series of ridges on its left gettinl the perfect job but to find one you can make
forewing. . perfect by using your o~ idea~ and skills. , ' '
(A) CricketS produce their ~haracteristic chirp (A) The key tojob contentment, a study shows, is ',not ,
(B) A cricket produces their characteristic chirp getting the perfect job but to find " ' ,
, ' ·(C) , Thech~cteri~tic chirp of crickets are produced (8) A study shows that the ~ey to job contentment is
(D) The Cricket's cliaracteristicchirp, produced . noi' getting the perfect job but to fmd '
(E) The cricket pfoduces its' characteristic chirp • (C) A study shows 'the key to job contentment, and it
. is not to get the perfect job but instead that you
17. Archaeologists consider the striking black-on-white should find
, cera'mics p..oo.uced in the Pueblo region between (D) The'key to job contentme~t,a study shows, is'not
700 and 1300 A.D. as beins wortby to be considered getting the ;perfect job but finding
'~among the American Southwest's most distinctive (E) 'The key to job contentment, a study shows, is not
creations. ' ' , to gettbe perfect job; but finding
(A) as being worthy to beco~~idered
20. The priCes of eithecOf the cars seem to be well
(B) to ~worthyof consideration
worth it.
(C) that 'they are
(D) as to be (A) ' The prices of either of the cars seem to be well
(E) to,be ' worth it. , , ,
(B) The price of either of the cars seems,to be well
1$. ClaraB8rton, who foun~ the American Red Cross, worth it.
and became the first woman to 'be paid a salafy eqUal (C) Either of the cars seems tb ~ well worth its price.
to that ofa mao'by the United States government. (D) Either of the cars seems to be well worth their
prices., ' ,
(A) and became the first woman to be paid a salary
: (E) Either ,o f the cars seem to be well worth the\price.
equal to that of a man
(B) became the fll'St woman to be paid a salary
. equal to that paid a man' .
(C) became the first woman'receiving equal pay ,
with a man
,(D) would become the first woman who was paid
equal to a man
(E) and would become the fll'St woman paid equal
to a man ' '
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264
5. ..j( . ··. ~:.t 5, 5 1 5 '1 'I 5

"
The following sente~ces test your ability to rec~gnize 24~ The story told by Keti~an author NgiJ~ w~ Thi()ng' 0
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence', contains ei~er
a single error or no error at ~. No sentenCe.contains more
than one eJT()r. The error, if there is one, is underlined .of a seeming random crime that entangles the lives of
. A ' . B '
and lettered. If the sentence contaiDs'an error, select the
one underlined 'part that niu's t be c:haliged to make the ' several strangers is 'iD!possible ~o forget. No error
sentence correct. if the sentence is correct, select choice.E. ,C . D E
written EngIfsh..
25. ,In her essay A Room of One',s Own, ,Vir~a Woolf:
. EXAMPLE: ' A . , . . '
Theother delegates and bim immediately famously insistedon a woman n~ both money and
A 'B" C BC
accepted the resolutiQn .drafted by the privacy in order to write fiotion. No error .
D D E
, E .
26. Wh n astronauts view Earth from space,
A
he or she sees "whatlo()ks like"a blue marble .
,. 21. Kim could not 'decide ,between a c~r as B C
'A B , C
suspend¢ in an inky void.NQ ,error
, an engineer or becoming a doctor. No eIror D .. E ..
DE
27. Findings in the report issued by scientists·at; the
22. Members of the vice-presidentiai family are pennitted
. , . A
university suggest that the problems caused by
to choose paintings from' the National Gall ry of Art -A- ,
water pollution'throughout the state is gJ'adually'

to display in the Victorian mansion that serves as '. B C
'B C
being alleviated . No error
their official residence. No error D E
D E
23.- Developing exemplary skills in the martial artS ./

A
req~s not only physical prowess as well as
BCD
a measure of ~ental discipline. No error'
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265
5 . ,. ' ,. 5 5 '1 I· 5 I ·1 5
28• ."In th~ 1960s, cesar'Ch4vez organized migrant 31. The illuminated manuscripts in the rare-books .
A
farmworkers, manyof them Mexican'Americans, collection, all more than five hundred years old,·
B: - A ' .
into alabor union that supported nationwide ~ -the products of a spribal art long since lost.
C B C - D
boycotts of ~th lettuce_and-grapes. Noeiror No error
- --D-- E E
29. If one spends much time -with children, you should 32. Either Caroline or her twin sister-Catherine were
A -S - , /\ -r
a
realize that promise. ~ade·to a child·is·a serious
. C
outdoors shoveling .snow for a neighbor yesterday
matter becaUSe the child wili never forget it. No error afternoon:and woUld have seen anyone who .
., -- D - - -EI C D
by. No error,
30. Perhaps as, a consequence of warfare that erupted . E:'-
A_ B
, ,
when natUral resources 1)ecame scarce, many of . 33. The western homed owl, which has brown spots,
- - "..
~ter Island's large stone statues, called Moai,' a large face, and feathered toes, is named -(or the
'B
have been toppled by the islanders theniselves - upright feathersprojeetiDg abov~ their ears~ -No enOr
C D . C . D- ' E
three centuries ago. No error
E 34. Unlike Roman art, -which depicted human beings as
-A
I _
-/ naturalistically .as possible, .the Egyptians depicted

B C ·
them in a deb'berately stylized manner. .No error
D' - -- - · .E
•
- .
- -35- IGOONTO~E;NEri PAGE>·

. - .
266
1 5 .1 5
DireCtioDS: The following passage is an early draft of an ' 35.- In context, which' of the following is the best version
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced
,below) ?
Read the passage and select the best answers·for the
questions that follow. Some questions.are about particular Then what lumpens is forcin, peQJlle to use wit and -
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve agility to survive and, ideally, to discover what they
sentence structure OJ:-word choice. Other questions ask you are capable of doing. ' .' ... ,
to consider organization and development. In choosing (A) (As itjs DPW) ..:.~
. answers, follow the requirements of standard written·
.English. . (B) Then what happens is the individual will be
forced - . ,
(e) 'One is forced
QuestioDS 35-39 refer to th~ ,following passage. (D) When challenged, they are fo~ed'
(E) Such a challenge then hap~ns that forces people
(1) People do not know the ~easure of their
capabilities until they are ch~enged. (2) Then what 36. In context, what is the best way t~ combine'
happens is forcing people to use wit and agility to sentences 4 and 5 (reproduced below).?
survive and, ideally, to discover what they are capable _ ,Samuel Johnson was an author who lived in the
ofdaing. _. ,
eighteenth century in England. He underscored the '
(3) One writer made this point particularly well. necessity of struggle in the book called RasSelas, '
(4) Samuel Johnson was an author who lived in the Prince of Abyssinia. .' ,
eighteenth century in England. (5) He·underscored the
necessity of struggle in the book called Rasselas, Prince A) · Samuel -Johnson was an author who lived in the
ofAbyssinia. (6) In this story, Rasselas is a prince living . eighteenth century in England, and he wrote
in the' Happy Valley, a perfect soci~ty with no challenges, . a book call~c1 RoSselas, Prince ofA,byssinia
whe~ disease is unknown and comfort abounds. (7) The and he underscored the neceSsitY' of struggle.
prince becomes disenchanted with this existence and soon (B) Samuel Johnson was an author who lived in the
realizes thattrue ~appiness is found in facing challenges. eighteenth ;century in Englanq, underscoring
(8~ Once he takes on certain challenges, he grows stronger the necessity of struggle by Writing a book
and more satisfied with his life. ' called Rasselas, Prince ofAbyssinia~
, (9) Any time that people go outside 'of 'what they (C) Samuel Johnson, an eighteenth-century English
know and are comfortable with, they are making the author, underscored the necessity of struggle
same choice as Rasselas. (10) Some people enjoy reading in his book Rasselas, Prince ofAbyssinia..
Samuel Johnson's bOoks. (11) !tis possible 0 just say, . (D) Rasselas, Prince ofAbyssinia waS written by
Samuel Johnson, living in eighteenth-century ,
do, and believe that with which we are familiar. (12) But
, England, it underscored the necessity of
not everyone does that. (13) Some people leave their own
struggle..
"Happy Valleys.".(14) They-take on difficult challenges~
(E) A book called Rasselas, Prince,_of Abyssinia,
(15) Like Rasselas, they experience the satisfaction that which underscored the necessity of struggle;
'comes from,f~ing: cpallenges and become stronger, better this was written in eighteenth-century .England
people ~or~aving done so. . . . - by Samuel Johnson. · .
"I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEl
267
s .I 5 ,-..
.. 5
37.' The essay would ,benefit most from adding wJrich 39. The passage would be improved,by the deletion of
of the following 'afteLthe Second paragraph which Sentence? '
(sentenCes 3-8)? . '
, . . ' - (A) Sentence 3
(A) A paragraph about whyth~ society mentione(Hn ' (B) Sentence 8 '
, sentence 6 is called "Happy Valleytt (C) Sentence 9
(B) A paragraph of information about where (0) Sentence 10
. the challenges. occur in the book . (E) Sentence 11
(C)' A paragrapb of information about why Samuel
Johnson is not unusual iii facing certain:.
, challenges ' ,
,(0) .' A paragrapl1.oo' the nature of one or tWo of the
. ' ,specifi¢ challenges faced by Rasselas
(E) A paragraph clarifying whether Rasselas
has ~elp in meeting the challenges
38. In context,' what is the be~t way to combine

sentences 13 and· 14 (reproduced below)?
. . " .
Some people letzve their own "Happy Valleys. " They ,

take on difficult-challenges. .
(A) Some people leave'their'(~wn "Happy Valleystt.
and'took on difflcultch81lenges. ", " '
(B) S~me people leave their oWn "Happy Valleys"
, an~, take, on difficult ch~enges. ' ,
(C) Leaving their own "Happy ValIeys,tt one takes,on
, 4ift'icult challenges. ' ,, '
(0) Before you can take on a difficult challenge you
" .,
must leave your oWn "Hf:q)PY Valley." ,
(E) Once.ybu leave your "HappyValleys,tt you will
. take' 01;1 difficult challenges. "
STOP '
If you finish before time Is called, you m~y check your work on this sectl.on only.
~ .Do,not tum to.any·other section In the teat.
-37-
268
FORMS
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READING SKILLS
Section 1 Section 2 Sec tion 5

1. A 1. D 1. D
2. D 2. B 2. D
3. D 3. A 3. B
4. B 4. D 4. E
5. C 5. E 5. C
6. E 6. C 6. D
7. E 7. C 7. C
8. B 8. A 8. B
9. D 9. B 9. D
10. C 10. C 10. C
11 . B 11. B 11. A
12 . B 12. A 12. C
13. E 13. C 13. A
14 . B 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. E 15. E
16 . 0 16. B 16. E
17. C 17. B 17. E
18. E 18. E 18. B
19. E 19. C 19. D
20. B 20. D 20. C
21 . A 21. D
22 . D 22. E
23. A 23. D
24. D 24. A
25. B
Section 3 Section 4 26. B
25 . A 21. C 27. B
26 . B 22. D 28. E
27 . B 23. A 29. A
28. D 24. E 30. C
29. B 25. E 31. E
30. A 26. A 32. B
31 . C 27. E 33. D
32. E 28. B 34. C
33. B 29. 9/2 or 4.5 35. D
34. C 30. 1250 36. C
35. C 31. 115 37. D
36. E 32. 9 38. B
37. E 33. 6 39. D
38. A 34. 12
39. B 35. 2/5 or .4
40. C 36. O<x<1
41. E 37. 1983
42. C 38. 2/15 or .133
43. B
44 . B
45 . B
46 . E
47 . A
48 . D
269
SECTIONS
TIme - 30 minutes
39 QuestIOns .
(1·39)

2. Each year, gray whales mi&Qllin& south from their
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence Arctic feeding grounds to breed and rear their young
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of in the sheltered lagoons of Baja California.
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) whales migrating south
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) whales that migrate south
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) whales, when migrating southward
one of the other choices. (0) whales on their southward migration
(E) whales migrate south .
3. Using four-wheel-drive vehicles to traverse enormous
distances in the Egyptian and Libyan deserts, hundreds
of meteorites have been found by scientists Iyio& on
ambiguity. the ifOUDd.
(A) hundreds of meteorites have been found by
EXAMPLE: scientists lying on the ground
(B) hundreds of meteorites lying on the ground have
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her fitst book
been found by scientists .
(C) scientists have found hundreds of meteorites lying
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then on the ground ,
(B) when she was sixty-five (0) scientists have found, by their lying on the
(C) at age sixty-five years old ground, hundreds of meteorites
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (E) lying on the ground, hundreds of meteorites have
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five been found by scientists .
CDe©@CD
4. The tradition of Populism, consigned to the grave by
some historians, seems to be very much alive in current
1. Ballerina Maria Tallchief, who was especially
quests for civil rights and consumer protection.
renowned for her technical skill. and she broupt
international attention to American ballet. (A) seems to be very much
(B) but really very
(A) who was especially renowned for her technical
(C) will have been very much
skill, and she brought
(0) but it seems very much
(B) who was especially renowned for her technical
(E) although very much
skill, brought
(C) was especially renowned for her technical skill,
she brought .
(0) she was especially renowned for her technical
skill, bringing
(E) especially renowned for her technical skill,
therefore bringing
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270
S. The most popular and scandalous memoirs of 8. Gudridur Thorbjamardottit sailed with the
medieval Japan ~ written by Sei Sbonagoo Vikings from Ice~ to North America in the
and Lady Sarashina, members of !be royal tenth ceonu:y and crossed Europe twice on foot.
court of the empress.
(A) century and crosaed
(A) was (B) century and to eros,
(B) wen: (C) ceatury and crossing
(C) that wen: (0) coatury. who crosaed
(0) i, (E) ceatury• • be also crossed
(E) baviag been
, . While a mother bird broods bet eggs, she twus dwD
6. Before J. I. Stassen coined the tenD "bicycle" in 1869. evea day. soQ)Ctjmes twice a day. which keeps it
this two-wheeled vehicle went by a number of names, evenJy warmed.
just a few were ''velocipede.'' "dandy horse," and
"boneshaker. tt
(A) them every day. sometimes twice a day, which
keeps it
(A) just a few were (B) it every day, sometimes twice daily. so it is k-ept
(B) among whicb was (C) them daily. and sometimes lWice. whicb
(C) that list includes kept them
(0) they were (0) it daily, sometimes twice daily, and this keeps it
(E) including (B) them every day, sometimes twice a day, thereby
keeping them
7. Though known for his career in baseball, the athletic
career of Jackie Robinson actuaHy beean with his 10. I bought a oew vacuum cleaner, found that it was not
playing professional football. powerful enougb to remove all the din and lint from
my ccupet. and it Was returned to the store for a full
(A) the athletic career of Jackie Robinson actually ",food.
began with his
(B) the athletic career of Jackie Robinson actually (AI and it was returned
would have begun with his (B) and n:lurned it
(C) the -beginoing of! adde Robinsoa', athletic caroer (C) then return it
was actually his (0) n:turning it
(0) Jackie Robinson aclUally began his alhletic career (E) ithea ",turned it
(E) Jackie Robinson's actual ath1etic career began
with
-31·
I00 ON TO THE NEXTPAOE;
271
11. The two enemies engaged in a battle of wits that Was 14. Japan's climate is similar to the OOJtbeastern coast
subtle but atlhe same time it was Yeo' bitter as weD. of the United S'tates.
(A) banJe of wits that was subtle but at the same time (A) similar to the nonbeasttm coast
it was very bitter as well (B) similar to the northeastern coast's climate
(8) battle of wits that was subtle and also at the same (C) .imilar to that of the oonbeastem coast
time very bitter (D) like the northeastern coast
(C) subtle and also aI the same time very bitter battle (E) like being 00 the northeastern coast
of wits
(0) subtle battle of wits. it was also ver)' bitter 15. The speaker noted similarities between Jackson's
(E) subtle but very bitter battle of wits primary campaign with what happened in Kennedy' s
prinwy campaign. .
U. As economic conditioos grew worse. citizens from
(A) with wltat happened in Kennedy' s
every regioo of the country beain to QUCStion the rule
of the dictator. (B) and Kennedy'.
(C) and that of Kennedy'.
(A) begin to question (D) and also Kennedy'.
(B) begin questioning (E) with Kennedy's
(C) have begun questioning
(D) are beginning to questioo 16. By failip, to resolye the city' s fiscal crisis is wby abe
(E) were beginning to question mayor lost his bid for reeJection.
(A) ,By failiog to resolve the city's fiscal crisis is why
13. 1he Carson Mansion in Eureka, ooe of the most
(8) Because be failed to resolve the city's fiscal crisis.
pbotograpbed Victorian ~ouses in the Unit<d States
(C) Due to his failure at resolving the city's fiscal
and a sterlinB exa.n:wk of careful historic prescryatiop.
now owned by a priyatc club. ","sis.
(D) He failed to resolve the city's fiscal «isis is the
(A) a sterling example of careful historic preservation. reasoo that
now owned by a private club (E) His failure 10 resolve the city's fiscal crisis
(B) it is a sterling example of careful hisloric resulted in that
preservation, being owned today by a private
club
(C) owned today by a private club. and it is a sterling
example of careful historic preservation
(0) a sterling example of careful historic preservation.
which is owned today by a private club
(E) a sterling example of careful historic preservation,
is owned today by a private club
272
17. Marcus Garvey is an important historical figure not 19. In 1966 Brian Wilson began writing and recording
only because be QPPOSed racial injustice in the United songs for the Beach Boys' aperimental album Smik.
States but be Wed to establish a new African natiOn but cy"eotually lbaodonip8 the prqjcct. pedlaps gut of
governed by and for Black people ~ fear tbatlbe music Was too stran&e to be commercially
successful.
(A) Stares but be tried
(B) Stares but be also tried (A) Smik but eventually abandoning the project.
(C) Stales. be also tried perbaps out of fear that the music was too
(0) StaleS but also beeause be tried strange to be commCrc:ially successful
(E) States but because h. also tried (8) Smile. be eventually abandoned the project.
though, perhaps out of fear that the music was
18. Chinese gardens shrink natura1landseapes to too strange to be commercially successful
diminutive dimensjQDS;fo[ examPle· they often (C) Smik but. perhaps OUt of fear that the music was
include miniature mountains complete with peaks, too strange to be commercially successful.
valleys, and streams. eventually abandoned the project
(0) Smil•• although feariog. perl!aps. !bat the music
(A) dimensions, for example, they ofteo include
was too strange to be commercially succ::essful.
(8) dimensions, an example is wbcn they include
the project was eventually abandoned
(C) dimensions. often including. for example,"
(E) Smile, however, the project was eventuaUy
(D) dimensions; for example. often including
abandoned. perhaps out of fear thai: the music
(E) dimensions; including, as an example,
was too strange to be OO1llDlefCially successful
20. The changes in the employees' benefit plan. especially

the increase in insurance fecs, has MaW the wodcm
and threatened a geoeral strike.
(A) has angered the workers and threatened
(B) have so angered the workers that they have
tJu.ateDed
(C) bave angered the worker.;. threatening
(0) has caused such anger among the worlcers !bat
they bave threatened
(E) have angered the workers to threaten
IGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEl
273
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. When Jane Goodall began studying chimpanzees
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined in the 1960s,shehas been criticized by some
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the A If
one underlined part that must be changed to make the fellow scientists for identifying the chimps
C
In chOC)sing answers, follow the req~ments of standard
written English. by name ratherthan by number. Noerror
DE .
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 24. Zubeida Jaffer, a South African journalist
ABC
accepted the resolution drafted by the which was imprisoned for nine years
D A
for writing about controversial subjects,
E B
recently received recognition from an organization
C
21. Congress has granted an increase in financial aid to that focuses on human rights. No error
A Jr D E
college students, but this increase having been offset
C 25. In preparation for eventual human exploration,
A B
by a reduction in money for educational research.
D NASA has scheduled unpiloted missions to Mars
No error
E to map the red planet and detecting landing sites
C
. for spacecraft. No error
22. Even though James ordinarily was not one to
A D E
volunteer, him and Sandra spent all day Saturday
If" 26. According to a leading physician, the human body's
helping out at the soup kitchen. No error

C D E resistance to helpful as well as harmful chemicals is .
A B C
the single most important problem to be overcome in
the fight against cancer. No error

D E
-34-
274
27. Marie Antoinette. whose every moment belonged 10 31. One reason the United States military used
A A
the endless routine of coun life in eigbteenth--century Native American languages to create secret
B B
France, responded for her situation by struggling codes during the early twentieth century was
C D C
against socjal convention. No error that these languages were virtually unknown
E o
outside the United States_ No error
28. The incidence of error in the receot census E
A
performed by the federal government were 31. My mother. whose advice I have always heeded,
B C --r -B-
small even by modem standards.. No error knows my abilities and vulnerabilities better than
D E C
myself. No erroc
29. Experience having taught the homeowners that D E
A
to planl grass seed in the shadiest part of their 33. Altho\lgb Greek: myths are serious attempts
B C
yard is a waste of both time and money. No enor 11 explaining human existence. they are
D Ii A
often regarded by young readers as merely
30. The mouse scurried into its hole as rapid as it could B C
A B a series of adventure stories_ No error
when the janitor began frantically swinging a large D E
C D
broom in its direction. No error 34. After assessing the form. color. size. and fragrance
E A
of the rose that Marantha had grown, the judges
B
declared it superior to her competitor. No error
C D E
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275
35. Which of the following is the best version of
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an the underlined portion of sentences 3 and 4
Read the passage and select the best aIl$wers for the Jane Austen. for instance. All six Q/her novels
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular ~ been successfully adapted for the screen.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) (As it is now)
to consider organization and development. In choosing (B) There is Jane Austen, for instance. Her six
answers, follow the requirements of standard written novels have all
EngliSh. (C) Jane Austen, for instance, whose six novels
have all
(D) For instance, Jane Austen wrote six novels, and
Questions 35·39 refer to the following passage. all of them have
(E) All six of Jane Austen's novels, for instance, have
(1) Since the early days of cinema, ftlmmakers have
been making movies out of novels. (2) The works of certain 36. In context, which of the following would best
novelists have proven to be particularly well suited for be inserted at the beginning of sentence 6
such treabnent. (3) Jane Austen, for instance. (4) All six of ' (reproduced below)?
her novels have been successfully adapted for the screen.
(5) One of these, Sense and Sensibility, was made into The.task of turning a 300- to 500-page book into
a movie that won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion a two-hour film is a daunting one.
Picture - Drama of 1995. (A) But no matter how suitable for adaptation
(6) The task of turning a 300- to SOO-page book into a novel may be, ,
a two-hour fIlm is a daunting one. (7) Only a fraction (B) Although movies have been around for nearly
of a novel's action and dialogue can be included in a century now,
the screenplay, so the ftlmmaker must flnd a way of (C) Because of this emphasis on historical
condensing the story that does justice to the novelist's authenticity ,
original conception. (8) Faced with this challenge, the (D) With so much pressure from the movie studios,
producers of The Cider House Rules went right to the (E) It may take years to write a novel, but
source and hired the book's author, John Irving, to write
the screenplay. (9) He took 13 years to complete the task, 37. In context, which is the best version of the underlined
collaborating with four different directorS along the way. portion of sentence 10 (repr:oduced below) ?
(10) Doing that paid off: Irving received an Academy
Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1999. . Doing tltatpaid off.' Irving received an Academy
(11) Readers are often dissatisfIed with the movie Awardfor Best Adapted Screenplay ih 1999.
versions Qf their favorite novels, especially if the basic plot (A) (As it is now)
is altered. (12) When the ending of the movie The Firm (B) The time and effort
deviated from that of John Grisham's bestseller, audiences (C) Writing a long novel
and critics alike cried foul. (13) Still, when it comes to (0) It has fmally
making movies of popular novels,a faithful adaptation (E) His gamble had
does not ensure box-office success. (14) As a version of
Toni Morrison's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, the fIlm
Beloved failed with moviegoers. (15) Morrison is well
known for winning the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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276
38. Whicb of the following sentences would best be placed 39. In context, which is the best version of the underlined
at the beginning of paragraph 3, before sentence II ., portion of sentence 14 (reproduced below) .,
(A) There are many examples to illustrate this. As a version of Toni Morrison's Pulitzer Prize-winning
(B) Some films have been made from popular books. novel, the film Belovedfailed with mo...iegoers.
(C) Some adaptations have been less successful.
(A) (As it ,is now)
(0) Everyone remembers a favorite book that was
made into a.movie. (B) In !he aftermath of
(B) We are not always aware of the difficulties
(C) Considering that it was based on
involved in malting a good movie. (0) Even though it adhered very closely to
(E) Wich its origins in
STO P
II you finish _ .. dme Is called. you may check your work on this SIICIlon only.
Do not tum to any othec SIICIlon In the teat
.!J7-
277
FORMS
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READI NG SKILLS

1. D 1. C 1. 6
2. C 2. A 2. E
3. 6 3. E 3. C
4. A 4. D 4. A
5. D 5. C 5. 6
6. 6 6. E 6. E
7. 6 7. A 7. D
8. E 8. 6 6. A
9. 6 9. D 9. E
10. C 10. C 10. 6
11. A 11. D 11. E
12. C 12. C 12. E
13. 6 13. D 13. E
14. E 14. E 14. C
15. C 15. 6 15. 6
16. E 16. A 16. 6
17. 6 17. 6 17. D
18. C 18. C 18. C
19. D 19. 6 19. C
20. E 20. D 20. 6
21. A 21 . C
22. C 22. 6
23. 6 23. A
24. C 24. A
25. C
Section 3 Section 4 26. E
25. 6 21 . C 27 . C
26. D 22. D 28. C
27. C 23. A 29. A
28. A 24. 6 30. 6
29. E 25. C 31. E
30. C 26. A 32. D
31. 6 27 . D 33. A
32. D 28. E 34. D
33. 6 29 . 8 35. E
34. D 30. 166 36 . A
35 . D 31. 65/2 or 32.5 37. 6
36. A 32. 290 38. C
37. C 33. 24 39. D
36. A 34. 30 or 90
39. A 35. 22
40. C 36. 1/6 , .166 ,
41. 6 or .167
42. C 37. 171
43. 6 38. 14
44. 6
45. D
46. 6
47. D
48. A
278
5 5 5 5
SECTIONS
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1·39)
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 2. By the time Gregory Hines was six years old.
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence he has alreadv been dancing and singing at the
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of Apollo Theater in New York; two years later
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the he would make his debut on Broadway.
(A) has already been
(E) was already
(C) will already be
(0) is already
In making your selection. follow the requirements of (E) was already having been
standard written English: that is, pay attention to grammar.
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. 3. Tbe morning commuter train ran behind schedule,
Your selection should result in the most effective and this made the professor missing class.
sentence~clear and precise, without awkwardness or
(A) and this made the professor missing
ambiguity.
(B) so as the professor was missing
(C) so the professor missed
EXAMPLK
(0) resulting in that the professor missed
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (E) the professor was missing
4. Benjamin Banneker, baving learned astronomy on his
own, and then be was able to predict a solar eclipse in
1789.
(C) at age sixty-five years- old
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (A) and then he was able to predict
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five lB) he was able to predict
0.®®® (C) then was able to be predicting
(D) therefore he was able to predict
(E) was able to predict
1. 1n 1960 Maya Angelou and her husband. South African
civil rights activist Vusumzi Make, moved to Egypt,
Angelou edited the English-language weekly The Arab
Ob'ierver there.
(A) Angelou edited the English-language weekly
The Arab Observer there
(B) that was where she edited the English-language
weekly 171e Arab Observer
{C) when the English-language weekly The Arab
Observer was edited by her
(D) where Angelou edited the English-language
weekJy The Arab Observer
(E) it was where Angelou edited the English-language
weekly The Arab Observer
279
5 5 5 (1)5
5. The curator of the Houdini Historic MUseum jn 8, People entering me workforce for the fint time
announcing !har new jmernctive displays would help are fmding that many jobs call for a coUege degree,
visitors to understand some of the secrets of the famous c~mputer skllls, and have basic knowledge of a foreign
escape artist. language.
(A) Museum, in announcing that new interactive (A) have basic knowledge of a foreign language
displays would help visitors to (B) basic knowledge of a foreign language
(B) Museum, which anno unced new interactive (C) 10 have a basic knowledge of a fore ign language
displays will help visitors (D) baving a basic foreign language knowledge
(C) Museum, who announced that new interactive (E) with a basic foreign language knowledge
displays will help visitors
(0) Mu seum announced that new interactive displays 91• Robert Schumann' s piano compos itio n Toccata in C
would help visitors (0 Mq jor a diffic ult piece 10 perfow il requires that the
(E) Museum is announcing ne w interactive displays, right hand play two lines simultaneoulily. one with the
r they wil1 help visitors lhumb and indelt finger, the other with the fourth and
fifth fingers.
6. Bessie Smith. the most popular and successful blues
CA ) Major, a difficult piece to perform,
singer of the 1920s and \9305 is regarded by some
(B) Major, a difficult piece to perform because
as the most influential perfonner in the history of
(C) Major, it difficult piece to perform in that
blues.
(D ) Major is a difficult piece to perform because
CA) the most popular and s uccessful blues singer (E) Major is a difficult piece to perform.
of the 1920s and 19305. is regarded by some
(B) the most popular and successful blues singer of 10, The anomey argued that "sarnpljng" or by otherwise
the 1920s and 1930s, and regarded by some adapting her client's music for commercial purposes
(C) she wa.~ the most popular and successful was a violation of copyright law.
blues singer of the t 920s and 19305, some
(A) or by otherwise adapting
regarding her
(8) or if otherwise adapted
(0) as the most popular and successful blues sin.ger
(C) or to olherwise adapt
ofli}e 1920:s and 1930s. and some regard ber
(0) o[ otherwise adapted
(E) being the most popular and successful blues
(E) or otherwise adapting
singer of the J 920s and 1930$, and by some
to be regarded
7. Half Dome. with its sheer nonhwest face and smooth

curved shoulders. are widely recognized as a symbol of
Yosemite National Park.
(AJ are widely recognized
(B) receive wide recognition
(C) is widely recognized
(0) widely recognized
(E) which are widely recognized
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280
5 5 5 ~ ..: 5
..
.~
to
'
11. TIle swimmers, after training for many years, hope ]4. Excessive exposure to the sun's uhtaviolet rays
to win a place on tbe O lympic team to thus hecmne are shown to have many unhealthy consequences,
a compeilim: at the highest level of their sport such as premature aging.
(A) to win a place on the Olympic team to thus (A) are shown to have
become a competitor (B) show that they have
CB) they will win places on the Olympic learn. thus (C) has been shown thac it ha~
becoming a competitor (D) has been shown to have
(C) that they would win places o n the Olympic team (E) have been shown as baving
and thus become a competitor
(D) to win places on the Olympic team and tbus 15. Her books were reviewed widely during her lifetime
become competitors llIlli she had an international readership, Cbarlotte
(E) to win places on the Olympic team, they thus Perkins Gilman earned her living primarily as a
compete lecturer, not as an aulhor.
12. The scholar argued that seventeenth-century British

(A) Her books were revieweP widely during ber
lifetime, and
poetry is more musical and descriptive than American
poets who are from (be same periQ't.
(B) Her- books were reviewed widely during her
lifetime, although
(A) American poelS who are from the same period (C) During he r lifetime, her books were reviewed
(B) American poets of the sanie period widely, and
(C) American poetry afthe same period (0 ) Despi te her books being reviewed widely during
(D ) the same period of American poetry ber life time,
(E) those from the same period in American poetry (E) Although her books were reviewed widely during
ber lifetime and
13. While visiting the Ocala National Forest. the oldest
national forest east or the Missjssippi a huge tree fell ] 6. Every spring giant rurtles fight their way through
and a lmas' hit loan 's car. beavy Sllrf. ct;awl ponderously inland to lay their
eggs in the sand.
(A) While visiting the Ocala National Forest, the
oldest national fQre.<it east of the Mississippi, (A) inland tb lay their eggs in the sand
a huge tree feU and almost hit Joan ' s car. (B) inJand, and lay their eggs in the sand
(B) While visiting the Ocala National Fotest, the (C) inland, where their eggs are laid in (he sand
oldesl national forest east of the Mississippi, (D) tnland, laying their eggs in the sand
Joan 's car was almost hit by a huge tree (E) inland and in the sand their eggs are laid
that fell.
(C) While Joan was visiting the Ocala National
Forest, the oldest national forest east of the
MiSSissippi, a huge tree fell and almost hit
her car.
(0) A huge teee fell while visiting the Ocala
National Forest. the oldest national forest east
of the Mississippi, and it altnost hit Joan's car,
(E) A buge tree feU and almost hit Joan's car while
visiting the Ocala National Forest, the oldesl
national forest east of the Mississippi.

·32·
281
t<B\
S VIII!J>I s s s
17. If resident., were to separate recyclable materials apart 19. Best known for the play A Raisin in the Sun, ~
from the daily trash, the cost of refuse disposal would notable work by Lorraine Hansberry is The Sjw in
be greatly reduced. Sidney Brustein' s Window.
(A) were to separate recyclable materials apart from (A) another nocable work by Lorraine Hansberry
the daily trash is The Sign in Sidney Brustein 's Window
(B) separate recyclable materials from the daily trash (B) The Sign in Sidney Bruslein 's Window is yet
(C) were to separate recyclable materials from the another notable work by Lorraine Hansberry
daily trash (C) Lorraine Hansberry wrote another notable work,
(D) separate recyclable materials and [he daily trash The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window
(E) will separate recyclable materials apart from the (D) Lorraine Hansberry's The Sign in Sidney
daily trash Brnstein's Window is another one of her notable
works
18. We should make our decision regardless of whether we (E) another work by Lorraine Hansberry entitled The
will be able to take immediate action to inwJement ir. Sign in Sidney Brustein 's Window is als~ nocable
(A) of whether we will be able to take immediate
20. The literary technique used by Gabriel Garcia
action to implement it
Marouez like some other Latin American writers
(B) of if we can act immediately by its imple-
~ described as magic realism.
memation
(C) of whether or not we can act immediately on (A) Marquez. like some other Latin American
implementing them writers, are
(D) of whether we can implement them by immediate (B) Marquez, like those of some other Latin
action American writers. are
(E) of if we could implement it by immediate action (C) Marquez, like some other Latin American
writers, is
(D) Marquez and some other Latin American
writers are
(E) Marquez and some other Latin American
writers is
I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE)

· 33·
282
5 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. Like other compose~ of his time, Bach
grammar and usage errol'S. Each sentence contains either A
a single error or no error at aU. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined was dependent on the generosity of rich
one underlined part thul must be changed to make the sponsors and patTons for his Ii velibood.
sentence correct. If the sentence is ("'OITect, select choice E.
In c hoosing answers, follow the requirements of standard
o
E
The orher delegates and him immediatel y 24. The arrival of swallows in San Juan Capistrano
A BC A
nccepted the resolution drafled by the on the same day each spring fascinates scientists.
D B
who continue 10 search for an e"'planation of the
E C D
phe nomenon. No error
E
21. Cutting the grass, washing the car, and to weed the
-A- 25. In Borderlands. Gloria Anzaldua writes lyrical
--;;:-
garden were among the chores 1 did when I was
S - C- [) in a mixtu·re. of Spanish and English. meditating on
B
a boy. No error
-E- the experiences of Chicanos in Anglo culture and
C
22. Between 1994 and 2002. real estate developers built of women in Hispanic culture. No error
A S D E
about 1.5 million new houses every year . most of it
C 0 26. Health expert... warn that people who are setlclllary
A B
suburban single-family homes. Noerror
- E- are likely to gain weight. especially after you
- C- 0
have reached rruddle age. No error
-E-
-34-
283
5 5 5 t<8\5
VI1J>I
27. Jonathan Swift' s Gulliver's Travels 31. Scientists have recently discovered that not all
A
being comprised of four sections, each of which genes adhere to predictable Mendelian patterns
A
depicts the tillc character beginning a new of inherilance; it has forced them to ceexrun.ine
B Il C
voyage a.1; if he had learned nothing some formerly unassailable assumptions. No error
C o E
from his previous experiences. No error
D E 32. Along one wall of the kitchen stands fme oak
I A ]I
28. Unseasonably mild winter weather has caused cupboards and a massive walnut chesl, each
A 8
flowering trees to burst into colorful blooms that dark with age and inscribed with the date 1660.
C 0
have no chance of Jasling until the arrival of No error
C D E
spring. No error
E 33. When L ' Enfant suggested to build the United States
~ --B-
29. Different kinds of blood ceUs have a different life Sp3It Capitol at the cenler of Washinglon. D. c .. he also
A C
in the bloodstream : red cells last about three months, offered to design a landscaped mall nearby. Noerror
B --0-- E
platelets about leD days, and white cells anywhere
C- 34. That the American Discovery Trail comprises
A
from days to yem. No error
D E more than 200 loeaJ. regional. and national trails
8
30. Fran would be happy 10 assist Brad, had he simply came as a surprise to the visitors from the city.
A --8-- C D
requested help early enough to give her time No error
C E
to complete her own assignments. No em)1
D E
-35-
IGO ONTO THE NEXT PAGEl
284
5 5 5
35. Which is the best version of the underlined portion
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an of sentence 1 (reproduced below) 1
essay. Some pans of the passage need to be rewritten.
Some people believe that spending solitary qujet
Read the passage and selecl the beSI answers for the hours reading and thinking ina library are Ihe best
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular way to p repare for a debate toumamenl.
sentences or parts of semences and ask you to improve
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (A) (as it is now)
to consider organization and development In choosing (B) the solitary, quiet hours they spent in a library
answers, follow the requirements of standard written reading and thinking were
English. (C) spending solitary, quiet hours reading and
thinking in a library is
(D) if you spend solitary, quiet hours reading and
Que:stions 35-39 refer to the following passage. thinking in a library. that is
(E) after spending solitary, quiet hours reading and
(1) Some people believe that spending solitary. quiet thinking in a libr-ary one will have found
hours reading and thinking in a Ubrary are the best way
to prepare for a debate tournament. (2) Most memory 36. In contelCt, which is the best version of the underlined
experts, however, would recommend preparing with team portion of sentence 6 (reproduced below) ?
members. (3) Doing ~o increases the rate of learning and
the likelihood of remembering. (4) When members of a The fact of being iro/q(ed he has found, is ahout
debate team prepare togeilier, they learn facts and master the worst tiling you can do if you wan t to retain
issues [aster and more effectively than each individual infommtion.
could alone. (A) (As it is now)
(5) Communication is essential to the ability to (B) To be so isolated
remembet well, says a well-lmown psychologlsl, Art (C) Such isolation
Shimamura. (6) The fact of being isolated, he has found, (0) Isolating youcself
is about the worst thing you can do if you want to retain (E) Being iSQIated like that
information. (7) In other words, when YOll talk with
o thers, whether it is to describe a movie plot or complain 37. In context. which is the best revision of the underlined
about a difficult chapter in a textbook, you are actually portion of sentence 11 (reproduced below) ?
strengthening your memory. (8) Companionship is
essenti al for mental health, too. When rhe members ofa debate Ieam practice by citing
(9) The human memory works like a filing system. facts in support of an argument or counterargument,
they are Uterofly gathering related pieces ()f
(10) For a filing system to be effective. information has
inJonnarion into a single mental falde".
to be put in a logical place, inside a folder thal includes
related infonnalion. (11) When the members of a debate (A) (as it is now)
team practice by citing facts in support of an argument (B) are nevenheless
or counterargument, they are liteml1y gathering related (C) are, so to speak,
pieces ofinfonnation into a single mental folder . (0) are, for instance,
(12) And during an actual debate, when the pressure (E) are, on the contrary,-
is on. they will be more easily retrieved than those
memorized as isolated pieces of information .
285
5 5 5
38. rn context, which of the following phrases should be 39. Which sentence should be deleted because it is
substituted for "they" in sentence 12? irrelevant to the passage?
(A) students who pn::pare for debates in groups (A) Sentence 2
(B) facts learned in association with one another (B) Sentence 4
(C) knowledge derived from personal experience (C) Sentence 8
(0) folders containing information on a ffiultilUde of (D) Sentence 9
topics (E) Sentence 10
(E) debate learns that have practiced both arguments
and countcrargumellts
STOP
tf you finish before time Is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not tum to any other section In the test.
-37-
286
FORMW
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READING SKILLS

1. E 1. D 1. D
2- e 2. A 2. 6
3. e 3. A 3. e
4. e 4. e 4. E
5. E 5. 6 5. D
6. E 6. E 6. A
7. A 7. E 7. e
8. D 8. e 8. 6
9. E 9. D 9. D
10. A 10. e 10. E
11. e 11. E 11 . D
12. 6 12. A 12. e
13. e 13 . 6 13. e
14. A 14. 6 14. D
15. 6 15 . D 15. E
16. e 16. e 16. 6
17. E 17. E 17. e
18. e 18. e 18. A
19. 6 19. 6 19. e
20. D 20. 6 20. E
21 . e 21 . A
22. E 22. D
23. D 23. E
24. A 24. E
25. A
Section 3 Section 4 26. D
25. D 21. E 27. A
26. A 22. E 28. E
27. A 23. D 29. A
28. 6 24. e 30. A
29. D 25. 6 31. 6
30. E 26 . D 32. 6
31 . E 27. e 33. 6
32. A 28. e 34. E
33. 6 29 . 7150 35. e
34. A 30. 1 36. D
35. D 31. 3100 37. e
36. 6 32. 48 38. 6
37. D 33. 15 39. e
38. E 34. 110
39. A 35. 310 , 620,
40. A or 930
41. E 36. 1.2 or 615
42. 6 37. 1.5 or 3/2
43. 6 38. 1/2 or .5
44. A
45. e
46. e
47. A
48. E
287
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
SECTION 5
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1.39)
Directions : For each question in this section. select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 3. The homesteaders havin& come as far as the Great Salt
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence Lake. and they did not want to tum back without
is underlined: beneath each sentence are five ways' of establishing land claims, even though winter was
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the approaching.
(A) The homesteaders having come as far as
the Great Salt Lake. and they
(B) Coming as far as the Great Salt Lake, the
homesteaders they
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (C) Having come as far as the Great Salt Lake,
standard written English; that is, pay attenlion to grammar, the homesteaders
choice of words, sentence construction. and punctuation. (0) To come as far as the Great Salt Lake,
Your selection should result in the most effective the homesteaders
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or (E) When the homesteaders came as far as
ambiguity. the Greal Salt Lake, so they
EXAMPLE: 4. Most people prefer the abridged version of Boswell 's

Life-of lohnson for the simple reason that it is mych
shorter in len~th than the ori~inal work he wrote.
. CA) that it is much shorter in length than the original
work he wrote
(B) that it is much shoner than the original work
(C) at age sixty-fi ve years old
(C) because the original work is much longer
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years
(0) of it being much shorter than the original work
(E) being that the original work is much longer
® e ©®®
I. One striking feature of Akira Kurosawa's later 5. In 1968 the singer Eartha Kilt spoke out against the
films is ~ vibrant colors. Vietnam War, offending powerful entertainment-
industry figures, many of whom blacklisted her for
(A) he uses
several years.
(8) how it uses
(C) when they usc (A) many of whom
(D) the use of (B) many of them
(E) by using (C) many of these people
(D) and many which
2, The DVD js a receot invention. while it may soon (E) that, OUI o f many.
make videotapes obsolete.
6. Of the many deserts in the United Slates, Arizona's
(A) The DVD is a recent invention, while it
stran~ely beautjful Painted Desen is more colorfuL
(B) Being that it is a recent invention, the DVD
(C) The DVD is a recent invention that (A) strangely beautiful Painted Desert is more
(D) The DVD, although a recent invention, they (8 ) Painted Desen, which is strangely beautiful,
(E) Because the DVD is new. and, as such. it is the more
(C) strangely beautiful Painted Desert is the most
(0) strange, beautiful Painted Desert is more
(E) Painted Desert is strangely beautiful, plus most
·24·
288
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
7. It was more likely a physical illness than a sudden loss 11. The w ings of birds and bats are modified front limbs,
of inspiration that prevented Schubert 10 complete his but beine unlike birds. bat wines do not contain hollow
Ei&hth Symphony. bones.
(A) Schu bert to complete his Eighth Symphony (A) being unlike birds. bat wings
(8) Schubert's having completed of his Eighth (8) by being unlike birds, bats' wings
Symphony (C) bats' wings, unlike birds' wings,
(C) Schubert from completing his Eighth Symphony (D) bats' wings. and unlike birds' wings,
(0) the completing of his Eighth Symphony by (E) bat wings are unlike bird wings,
Schubert
(E) his Eighth Symphony being completed by 12. The blue whale has a long, streamlined body and iU
Schubert head makini up almost one-founh of their total body
l<Iu:lh.
8. In 1905, while still a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office,
four articles written by Albert Einstein laid the (A) its head making up almost one-founh of their total
foundation of modem physics. body length
(8) almost one-founh of their total body length being
(A) four articles written by Albert Einstein laid made up by their heads
(8 ) four articles were wrilten by A lben Einstein. (C) almost one-founh of the total length of its body is
laying its head
(C) four articles that A lbert Einstein wrote laid (D) a head that makes up almost one-founh of its total
(D) Albert Einstein wrote four articles thai laid body length
(E) Albert Einstein wrote four articles, they laid (E) a head making up almost one-founh of the total
length of their bodies
9. If you had kept your eXPeriences in mind, they w ill
often help you 10 make better-informed decisions. 13. The National Academy of Sc iences undenook its first
(A) had kept your experiences rigorous stud y of global warming in the late 1970s . .this.
(8) could have kept your experiences was a tjme when climate modeling was still in its
(C) keep your experiences infancy.
(D) can keep what you experience (A) this was a time
(E) could keep what you experience (8) it was a time
(C) a time
10. Constrained by the small amounts typically available (D) it being a lime
to them for study, the analysis of pheromones in the (E) being
laboratory attempted by scientists js often frust rated.
(A) the analysis of pheromones in the laboratory 14. Although she never learned 10 read or write. Sojourner
attempted by scientists is often frustrated Truth was a chadsmalic speaker whQ advocated both
(8) analyzing pheromones in the laboratory, this the abolition of slavery and the advancement of
often frustrates the attempts of scientists women's rights.
(C) scientists are often frustrated in their auempts (A) Truth was a charismatic speaker who
to analyze pheromones in the laboratory advocated both
(D) scientists attempting to analyze pheromones, (8) Truth was a charismatic speaker and both
they are often frustrating an advocate of
(E) scientists who attempt to analyze pheromones (C) Truth was a charismatic speaker, both advocating
in the laboratory often becoming frustrated (D) Truth, a charismatic speaker who advocated both
(E) Truth, who was a chari smatic speaker and
advocated both
-25-
289
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
15. Some African plants that have been treatment for 18. Every building within a twenty-mile radius of the
centuries for common ailments locally arc now used downtown business district had an interruption
in Western medicine as well. in their electric service during the ice storm.
(A) plants that have been treatment for centuries for (A) had an intenuption in their electric service
common ailmeniS locally (8) had its electric service interrupted
(B) plants, by which common ai lments were trealed (C) had their electric service intenupted
locally for centuries, (D) that interrupted the electric service
(C) plants, while for centuries treating common (E) that had its electric service interru pted
ailments locally,
(D) plants used locally for centuries to treat common 19. These days, business and social life are conducted at
ailments a pace that prompts people to send e-mails or make
(E) plants, which has been used locally in treating phone calls to colleagues and friends rather than letters.
common ailments for centuries,
(A) rather than
(8) instead of
16. Restaurant patrons in the 1990s ordered more
(C) rather than write
vegetarian dishes than the 1970s and 1980s.
(D) instead of to write
(A) ordered more vegetari an (jishes than (E) rather than written
(B) have ordered vegetarian dishes more than did
(C) ordered vegetarian d ishes more than the foods of 20. Althou2h far more elOQuent a speaker. the incumbent
(D) ordered more vegetarian dishes than with the made fewer concrete proposals in his campaign speech
restaurant patrons in than the challenger did in hers.
(E) ordered more vegetarian dishes than did restaurant
(A) Although far more eloquent a speaker
patrons in
(8) He was a far more eloquent speaker
. (C) In contrast to being far more eloquent
17. No one will diminish the reputation of our school like
as a speaker
Mr. Bruce's departure.
(D) Despite him being a far more eloquent
(A) No one will diminish the reputation of our school speaker
like Mr. Bruce's departure. (E) As a speaker he was more eloquent
(B) No one will diminish the reputation of our school
like Mr. Bruce's departure will. .
(C) Mr. Bruce's departure will diminish the reputation
of our schoollikc none other.
(D) The reputation of our school will be diminished
by Mr. Bruce's departure more than any.
(E) Nothing will diminish the reputation of our school
as much as Mr. Bruce's departure will.
-26-
290
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
The following sentences test your ability 10 recognize 23. Customer surveys revealing that a major concern of
a single elTor or no error at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined airline passengers, almost as important as arriving
one underlined part that must be changed to make the safely and on time, is receiving accurate information
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct. select choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requireme nts of standard
C 0
wrinen English. from the airlines. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 24. Calcium, whose role in metabolism is not yet fully
A B A B
C
accepted the resolution drafted by the understood by nutritionists, appear to stoke the body's
D C
neulrai states. No error
fat-burning furnace when consumed daily in
E
D
recommended amounts. No error
E
21. After she earned her pilot's license in 1921.
25. Neither the catalog of the exhibit nor the museum

Bessie Coleman is traveling from Paris to the A
A
guide explained the technical aspects of Picasso's
United States, where she performed as a stunt B
-B- C
paintings thoroughly enough to satisfy inquisitive
pilot before large crowds of admirers. No error C D
D E
art students. No error
E
22. Much of the success of Anthony Mann and John Ford
A
26. Because the Silver Key restau rant draws such large
asa director of Westerns has been attributed to A
B C
crowds, employees there are extremely busy and
their knowledge of the technical work necessary B
seldom have a chance to sit and rest his or her feel.
to make such films. Noerror T 0
D E
No error
E
-27-
291
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
27. Political leadership in many countries have had an 31. Even though comedy can convey profound messages
A A
impact in some nonpolitical areas, such as the arts, about humankind. tragedy has usually been taken
B -C- Il
and even influences everyday language. No error more serious than comedy. No error
o E C 0 E
28. Unlike the case with Andrea, who was tired after 32. Although the work schedule had been as meticulously
A B A
working all weekend, I wanted to go to the state prepared ' ~ it was suppose to be, the completion of
C B C
capitol building to hear the governor's speech. the job was delayed by the unexpected resignations
o o
No error of several workers. No error
E E
29. Members of the debate team, detennined to hone their 33. In the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa
A A
skills in argumentation, have been practicing each lies Madagascar and the Seychelles, which were
B C If
day and competing on every possible occasion. created and preserved by continental shifts. No error
o ' C 0 E
No error
E 34. Although there seems to be many ways to solve
A -B-
30. Not carefully watching the clock, there was not the puzzle, only one method wi ll bring about the
A C
enough time for the teacher to explain clearly desired result. No error
BCD o E
the assignment for the following week. No error
E
-28-
292
5 I'UACTICE TEST 5
35. In context, sentence 2 (reproduced below) should begin
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an with which of the following?
essay. Some part~ of the passage need to be rewrinen.
It is an eighteenth-century travelogue.
questions that follow . Some questions are about particular (A) The book based on history,
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (B) The book being historical,
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (C) It should be noted that the book, of
to consider organization and development. In choosing historical import,
answers, follow the requirements of standard written (0) The book is of historical importance because
English. (E) In other words, historians like the book
because
Questions 35-39 rder to the following passage.
36. In context, which of the following revisions is
necessary in sentence 4 (reproduced below)?
(1 ) The Interesting Narrative afthe Life ofOlaudah
Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the A/rican, published in The book is equally imponant. however, because
England in 1789, is important for historical and literary it combines spiritual autobiography, which they
reasons. (2) J[ is an eighteenth-century travelogue. (3) The were reading widely at the time, and slave
narrative vividly describes the author's adventures in the narrative, which some say £quiano invented.
British Royal Navy and on merchant ships. (4) The book is (A) Change "however" to "that is".
equally important, however, because it combines spiritual (B) Delete ", however,".
autobiography, which they were reading widely at the time, (C) Change "they were reading widely" to "was
and slave narrative, which some say Equiano invented. popular".
(5) In this book, Equiano traces his spiritual growth (D) Change "at the time" to "then".
from his kidnapping at age 12 to his work with (E) Delete "which some say Equiano invented".
abolitionists. (6) His religious faith fig ures prominently
in his autobiography. (7) For instance, after his capture, 37. In context, which of the fo llow ing is the best way to
Equiano found himself in an often unj ust and cruel revise and combine sentences 8 and 9 (reproduced
world. (8) Many would have become corrupted. (9) He below) ?
sought to become a man of virtue instead of that.
(10) As a slave narrative, Equiano's book moves from Many would have become corrupted. He sought to
slavery to escape to freedom. (11) At first, Equiano become a man a/virtue instead a/ that.
accepted slavery, though not its cruelty and injustice. (A) Many become corrupted; however, he seeks to
(12) He simply accepted the views of the time. become a man of virtue.
(13) However, as he traveled and observed the world, (B) Many would have become corrupted, but Equiano
Equiano learned to criticize slavery. became a man of virtue instead.
(C) Seeking to become a virtuous man instead of
becoming corrupted, Equiano does what many
would not.
(D) A virtuous man was what Equiano sought to
become instead; many become corrupted .
(E) Becoming a man of virtue was what he was
seeking; although, many other people would
become corrupted.
·29-
293
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
38. In order to develop the final paragraph 39. Where should the following sentence be added?
(semences 10-13), the writer should
In general, spiritual autobiographies describe how
(A) elaborate on Equiano's changing views on slavery individlKJ/s achieve a sort a/moral awakening.
(8) quote an expert on the differences between the
(A) Before sentence I
slave trade in England and that in other countries
(B) Before sentence 5
(C) provide details of the various places to which
(C) Before sentence 8
Equiano traveled
(D) After sentence 10
(D) discuss other examples of travel writing in the
eighteemh century
(E) explain what conditions were on board British
ships when Equiano was a seaman
STOP
00 not turn to any other section in the test.
-30-
294
These Conversion Ta bles are for use
Get your critical reading score. o nly with th e 10-11 Practice TesI in this Guide.
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the Selection index Is CR+M+W. For example, assuming that your critical reading
•
Th e PSAT/NMSQT score $Cale range$ from 20 10 80.
$Core is 51, your mathematics score is 55, and your writing skills $Core is SO. rour An average score (o r junior lesl· takers is approximately
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2010 PSAT/NMSOT Student Guide: Practice Test 31
295
5 5 I 5
SECTION 5
Time -- 30 Ii:liitutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
Directions: · For.each questiort in this .section, select the bestanswer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
The following sentencestest correctness and effectiyepess 1. Hearing thesoldiersawroaching waS whenHuaM)llan ',
of ex.pression, Part of each.sentence or the entire..sentence decided to save h~r elderly father by disguising hers,e lf
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of ', as a manandialcinghis place in the army,
phrasing the underlined materiaL Choice A repeats the
origin&! phrasing; the otherfourchoices are different. If (A) Hearingthe!)pldiers approachingwaswhen
you think the original phrasing produces abetter sentence ,(B) HeariIlgth~s()ldiers approacl!, that was when
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (C) Sheh~at"<lthesoldiers approacb, which was when
one of the other choices. (D) Whenshehe~dthe soldiers approaching,
In 'making your selection, follow the requirements ,of

e
. (E) WhensJIeh L1i:s.ilie soldiers approach,
standard writtenEn~Iish;thl:ltis, pay attention togranunar, 2. ecent air.qUalli)'1estsilldicating that pubIiebuildin~s

choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation; where indo()r smo~~isbannedhave indoor air
Your selection sho~1d result in the most effective pollution levels upt?li~iP~~ent lower than those
sentence-clear,and·precise" without ,awkwardness or where indoor smoki.l)g,ispemtitted.
ambiguity.
(A) indicating that .
(B) inqicatethat
EXAMPLE:
(C) wltich indicate that
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book (0) , indicating
and she was sDctj-fiveyea:rsold then. :'(~r thatindicate
(A) and she wassiXty-fiv'e years old then

(B) whenshewassixtr,.~ve By them feeding on deadanirnals,thebald eagle
(C) at age sixty~fiveyearsold plllYs an importafitr()le in naflll"e's cleanuppf()cess.
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (A) By themfeedirig
(E) at the time Wh~nshe wassixty~five (B) By their feeding
®.®@® (C) Byfeeding
(D) They feed .
(E) It feeds
-30..
296
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4. In the nineteentltcentury. scholars were amazed .7. LaborleaderCes~~hay¢zbegan his . ~areer as an . . .

to discoVel'th~ttpe.sWneti~~pic of Gilgamesh ~divistby helping;nianyCaliforiria farmworkers to
containsa: st~!yofa great.flb.od similar to the register. to' vote: which"",assuccessfuL
.• bibliCa1st6.s'bfi~oafi'~;;'~: 'E1~Od, (AY activist J>Yhelpi~g.many California.fapnwQi."kei."s
, tA) , con~s ai~tOrY!~il;1i~!lVtlOOd similar . toregistertovote,;wlrichwas succ~ssful . . . :
to thebm~Cal ;$t.' '.o" f,~qhlland the Flood .(B) activist by. help~ngmany CalifonriaJarmworkers'
(B) containing-afl~ . " Z$lP:ilartothe biblical ryglsteiiilg .to vpte, which he was successful .
story of N(jah$d;t1!~!Fl90:d' (C) actiyistby~~ccessfully helping.many.Ciilifornia ,
(C) ' and it containedu'f i ' .. . imi),arto the fmJn",,()rkers r~gister to vote . . . '. . .....'
, biblical story of N '.•. . '. .
. ' F16<>d .. (D) activist, p,eJutcessfullY helped many C~ornia
(D) "being similar to thebihH >...· ?~f.~()ahaIl.d the fami'\V.Q~JWJ;& register to yote .•.
Flood which alsocontairi#l~~9<;l?; stOry (E) activist wi~lis~cc,essftlUyheIping many Ca~o!'ill~ .
_(E) •contains a. story of a greatflQ9~JFw~like' . farinwor~~rsregJster to beayoter '.
the biblica~ story ofNoah' mlq,~~J:'J,o()<i
8. Finding itsway_fhioughsedinlellt onethe seafioor,the ·
5. Bhru:ati Mukhetjye's book TheMiddlimanfliJdOther 400:-700 whisk~rsoIla"Yalrus' snout are used.to sense
Stories waS widely admired and itbeing:;·th~'first\york the presence'of clams angotherinvertebrates on which '
by a naturaliieci~ericancitizen' tow.liI:theNational it feeds. '
'; ' y->,: .. , ". " -
Book Critics Cii61e Awardf()T Fiction: :.
(A) the 4dOs700.~~ps~~rs9n,aWalnis'snout are used
(A) . bookiA~l!/4dlem9n and Other St~riiswas (B) the wal:rtIsg~~s,.ttle10O;:-7QO V{,hiskerson its snollt
\Videly.ag~~ed~ iu1d It being . ' (C) walruse~ u~~t1l.~4~190\¥~~ers on their snout ,"
(B) book,wlIi " ~WJzeyiddlemanand()(het . a
(D) walrus'sn()\lt{Q,a'Ying 40~7QO whiskers, is used
Stories, · . . id~lyad,nllred and \Vhich \Vas. (E) thesnollts of,warriisesuse4QO;,700 whiskers
(C) bookThe"}if'(: . iei!ifziz' ~ridOther Storie~,widely
admiretf'irri~":C' , ' .' . ' .' '.' ......... 9. Although Jonas,Sa)kreceivedgreat acclaim for
(D) widelya~4ii ~o.J;: 'The Middleman and Other developing avaccjI;le'tbatvirtuallyellininated polio
Storie$w-~; "'?F";" ' . . ..... . in the UnitedStates'; outhls:brea1cthrough waS made
(E) widely acIUJ~~'QR()J(rhe Middlemartand Other possiblebythewQr¥of ~arlier scientists.
Stories. ifw~ ", '. i " . .
(A) States, btIPiisbteakthrough Was made possible
(B) States; his brea!cthroughwas made possible, .
6. When AdaB'YwIl. ·:; <l .of~hal'le.s Ba'bbage~s
however, '.. .
' AUalytical Engil(~;' a': .. ·' Jits()r'of l11o'de.rn'computers;
(C) States; yet.hisbreakthrough was made possible
she correctly'p~~tedthafniachines like it would
(D) States,hisbteakthrough was made possible ....
one day prodiIc~'l:ii¢;iC'.<Y"
. ,~~:,~> ; -.\' / :->':' (E) States; making Jl,is ,breakthrough possible was
(A) learned of
(B) learns of
(C) has learned of ·
(D) had learned .th~t
(E) learning that
-31-
297
5 I 5' 5.,
5 I I 5
10. Able to swiinby rapidly opening and closing their 13. Until about 135 years ago, when the reniainsof an
shell, a scallopmm flee predators more effectiv~ly ancient City were discovered on
the plain of Troy, there.
than 'can a clamor musseL has been a general assumption that the events depiCted
in Homer's Iliad are pureIyfictitious. .
(A) rapidly opening andcl()sing their shell
(B) rapidly opening and closing their shells (A) there has been a generalas,sumption that the
(C) rapidly opening and closing its shell events depicted in Homet'.slli,~dare .
.CD) rapid openings and closings of their shells (B) it had generally been assume,dthatilie events
(E) the rapidly opening and closing of its shell depicted in Homer's Iliaawete. ......... " ..
(C) . the general assumption was for the events
11. A best seller when it was firstpublished more than depicted in Homer's Iliad to have ~&een
45 years ago, many still regard Rachel Carson's Silent (D) the events depicted in Homer's lliadhaye
'I:.·
;:
Spring as the cornerstone ofthe environmentalist
movement.
(A) many still regard Rachel Carson's Silent
Spring as
generally been assumedto be
(E) "Homer's Iliad is generally assumed tbhave
depicted events that are
. . . ...•
14. Even his closest friends believe thatthec~c;lidateis

. .
(B) many still regard Rachel Carson's Silent

unethical, they acknowledge that this lack of integrity
Spring to be .
may cause him to lose the election . .
(C) there are many who still regard Rachel Carson' s
Silent Spring as . (A) they acknowledge that this lack of integrity
(D) Rachel Carson's SilentSpring is still regarded by (B) they acknowledge that tolackintegrity
many as (C) which they acknowledge that this
lack of integrity
(E) Rachel Carson's Silent Sp ring, .which is .still (D) and they adcnowledge ·that this lack of integrity
regarded by many to be (E) acknowledging thislackingof integrity .
i2: Most of the founders of the United States had hoped 1S.Since hotwaXdoesnotadher~ to itth~tis~hythe
that the new country coUld bS( governed without mineral carnelian .w~s used in ancient times to make
political parties; . signet rings for imprinting waX seals on letters .
(A) could be (A) Since hotwaX qoesnotadhere to it, that is why
(B)
(C)
could be able to be
could have been abIetobe
ax
(B) BeingjQ:l.ownthat hotw doysnot adhere to it,
(C) !(riowing that hot waX does not adhere to it,
(D) can be (D) Because hot w~ does nOLa,dhere to it,
(E) will be (E) Hot wa~ does not adhere toit, therefore
-32- IGOONTOTHENE~P;~Q
298
5·
16. If she would have been offered an internship 19. Th~ strange, nonse,n,~i~1i1 ~ongsQf the Icelandic rock
in Atlanta, Tamika wOl,lld have to rent out her grQpp§igur,R6s made:suchanwI1ression on Thorn
ap.mm<mt in Chicago, YorkesQ that he invIted the band to join Radiohead's
El,lropea,p. concert tOl,lr. ·- -
-eA) if she wouldhave been offered , .> '• .,.: . .'
(B) Were she to be offered '- (A) made such an impressiOn ori Thom Yorkesothat
{C) 'With it being offered her he invited . , ", . '' , . - ..,'
(0) Offering her (B) was impressiveenollghforThomYorke toinvite
"'(E) -By being offered (C) being 's o. impressive to'fhom Yorke; ,Who iniiteq·
(D) impressed ThOrn Yorke to where hemvited
J-7. Environ~entalists have c;laimed that someone who (E) sci impressed ThomYorke that he invited
drives an SUV instead of a fuel~efficient vehicle·
wastes more energy in a single year thanJeavmg 20. The Romans occupi~d Britain in the fIrst century A.D.
a refrigerator door open for six years. ' but perbapsbt:catise of the increasingferocity .of
, Germanic invasions. ultimately abandoned the island
(A) someone who drives an SUV instead of a fuel-
in 410.
efficient vehicle wastes more energy in a. single
year than leaving __ . . (A) A.D. but, perhaps because of thein<;reasing
(B) someone driving an SUv insteadofa.-ftIel.; ferocity of Germanic invasiohs,ultimately
efficient vehicle wastes more energy in a: single abandoned the island inA 10 ' ,
year than if they leave . _ . , ' (B) A.D., thejslatidwas ultimately agl$doned in 410,
(C) - to drive an SUV-insteadof a fuel~efficient vehicle perhaps becallseof the increaSingferocity of
/ for a singteyear wastes mote energy thap. by GermaniciIiyasions . ,.. ..., '...'
leaving _ (C) A.D., ultimately perhaRsbecaus~ofthe incre~ing
(D) by driving an SUV instead,of a fuel-effiqient ferocity of Germanici:t1vasion~,the island was
year
vehicle more ene,rgy is wasted in asi,ngle abandoned in 410! '. ,
than leaving - '. - -" (D) A.D., butultirn~telyabandoningthejsl~din 41Q
~) driving an SUV,insteadofa fuel-efficientyehicle . perhaps bec*~seof thf: increasing ferocity pf ,
for a single year wastes moreenergy:-ihan . Germanicirivas,ihIls •. ' .•. '
leaving - (E) A.D., however,the islandwasultim:it91y
abandoned in.41D, perhaps .b ecausebf the ·
18. Plays performed in fo1.lrteenth-ceIlttrrYfra.ligeJe~tured increasing ferocity of Uerinanic invasi()ns
~'< -
a variety of songs, ranging from pgpuliit:~~ssungby

individual actors in additionto 'tejigiclli$:hyPms sung
by groups. ' , :.
(AY in addition to
(B) as well as
(C) and even
(D) and
, (E) to
-33- IGO ON TO ~HE NEXT PAGE> .
299
5 s
The following sentences test your ability to recognize' 23. Current opposition to . the publication of the history:
gram.IIlar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either A
a single error or no erroratall. No sentencecolltains more
book proceedS . not so much from concern .about the
than one·error. Theerror; .ifthere is one, is und~rlined
B C
and lettered. lithe sentenr;e contains an error, select the
one ~nderlined part that must be changed to make the future as because of a desire to shape perceptions
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. D
In choosing answers, follow the requiJementsof standard
written English. of the past No error
E
EXAMPLE:
24. The word "seltzer,"rtowused torefertoany
The other delegates an~ him immediately A -B-·- ·
ABC
!iccepted the resolution drafted by the carbonated watet,onc¢;teferredonly to .the
.D
neutral states. No error effervescent mineral w~terC?btained from natural
E C
@.CD®CD
springs near thevillageq.f~i~derSeJters,Germany.
D · ..
21. Unwilling to delay the verdict aIlY longer,
. No error
E
. the other jurors ana me, deadlocked throughout
A1f C
2S~ The TCzle of Peter Rabbit, like ano! Beatri](Pqtter's
the proceedings, now sought to resolve our
. D
23 children's books, were printed in a small format
disagreements. No error A
E
so that children couldeasily hold it, No error
-B- C D E
22. .Katherine Cheung, who had .flew ·asa licensed pilot
.. A
26. From 1851, when she joined the Underground
throughout the 1930s;was recognized asa pioneer . ~ B
B · C
Railroad, and the beginning of the CivilWarin1861,.
in aviation and inducted into the Women in Aviation C
D
Harriet Tubman helpeclnearly 300 people escape
International Pioneer Hall of Fame in 2000. No error D
E
slavery. No error
E
-34-
300
5.,. . -."
27. Because .read.ersrysponde(j so positive to her
A '" . . . B
hUmorous newspaper coluIDns 'about suburban life,

• ,_. 5- ' • . • • . •, '" --.
ErmaBornbeck wrote anurnber of books on the

C- D ," -
- - ."
&ubject. No error those:fees'§uppbrt:., No error

E . 1)' :.,';,- 'B
, '",
28.. Ir. iS . inlperatiY~ .w.~t thegoyernrnent not censor!bis ,

A
eihibit; norha.tt:efli~vI ·of'fensl"etheimagesmay be,
. B "';"'>"';';';"}":' '-C-,- . ~:~~ ~:'. '" :':'i._·- _:~'./ :;,'~-
butcoiltinuest61lti)t~¢t 'ifliSfs':freedom bfexpression. asa m~iil~';()f(ili~·6ityt()unt:il.No error

. D···· '''i,:. " . : , .. D ")]:'" : ' . > ' .. E ,'
No error
E
29. The tht;:ory .of continentald.rlft, Whioh":origiD.:U:ed in

. , . . .' .. , . '.c. ',,, . ... . ':A
1912 and holdS that Earth'scontiIlJnisII1o~e spec~~~i:~ re:c~f

'.
' ,.,1,::,
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continually iiirelati()n ' t6~me~9tlier, it became.
. B. , ' " c-
.' · t;·~~~~~:e.:':·N?:~rr6r
more plausible as new geolrigi~t-ll~vid~~2i6merged
D ... ..<, '., '·;x·'· );" . ,.:.... •.
, a'pai~~t"w~sMa:ry
... . :,.,. . ",.. ,' .•. . .. Dixon B new m~thod for
".Kies, "her
30. In her new play~ E~,ydice,"piaywright SarahRuhl ·, :W~vjngi sti-awwithother fibers proved .useful.to < . , .,
." '. C;·: . ·:'···.. . . 'D
has concentr~tedn6foir>the 'passlOliatejourney
~B
or c~,i~i,~·i~Q~
-35~
301
5 5 5
35. In context, wllicltof the following is the best way
Directions: . The following. passage is an early draft of an to revise and combine sentences 3 and 4 (reproduced
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. below) ?
Read the passageaIld selectthe.best answers for the Industrialaccidentsoccurred,andworkerssuffered
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular injuries. This-might have resulted in theJactthat more
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve than 33 percent oj all mill workers died beJore they
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you reached the age oJ26.
answers, follow the requirements ofstandard written (A) IIldustrial accidents occurred and injuries
English. were suffered by workers; however, more than
33 percent of all mill workers died before they
reached the age of 26.
Questions 35-39 refer to the.following passage. (B) Industrial accident$ occurred,.and injuries were
suffered by workers; a resultofthe fact that
(1) At the beginning of the twentieth century, textile more than 33 percent oraIl rnill""orkersdied
workers in Lowell, Massach\isetts, worked andlivedunder before reaching the ageof26. » -
deplorable conditions. (2) The average worker earned (C) More than 33 percent of aIlmillwor~~rsi ?-ied
between $6 and $8 for a56-hour workweek and lived in before they reached the ageof.26,p~ssibly
an overcrowded slum. (3) Industrial accidents occurred, as the result of injuries suffered.ini1l9tistriat
and workers suffered injuries. (4) This might have resulted accidents.
in the fact.thatmorethan 33 percent of all mill workers (D) More than 33 percent of mill workers died
died before they reached the age of 26. (5) As if conditions before they reached the age of 26, butthere
were not bad enough, unscrupulous employers took were industrial accidents and workers suffered .,
advantage of workers. injuries~
(6) .In 1912 the Massachusetts legislatureredu<:ed the (E) With industrial accidentsoccurrlIlgandworkers
workweek to 54 hours per ",eek butdid not call for a sufferiIlg injuries,.this could have resulted from
commensurate increase in hourl)' i",ages.(7}'Yithout the fact that mortl .than 33 per~entofaIl mill
warning workers, the employers simply cut the workers' workers died before they reached the age of 26.
pay after the Massachusettslaw wentinto~ffest. . (8) To the
surprise.of unionorg~ers,mostof",hom~ad?elieved 36. Whichof the follo",ingsent~nces,ifplacedaffer
that the mill workers were toopootand unedu,cated to be sentence 5, would .m ost effectively conclude
unionized, workers instantly went on strike. (9) Members the first paragraph?
of the Industrial Workers of the World labor union (IWW) -
arrivedto help the mill workers conduct an effective strike. (A) Changes occurred throughout thepastcentury
(10) Strikers destroyed machines in the factories, and in the relationships betweeneIllployers and
there were numerOus clashes between strikers and the employees.
police. (11) In one incident, striking workers had ap-anged . (B) Originally, some mill owners had wanted to
to have their children·cared for by outside.sympathizers and create a positive living and working
environment for the workers.
transported by·train to safety.out of town. (12}Authorities
(C) Lowell had been a flourishingindusmal yiry
had forbidden the children to be sentawa)"and police
were ordered to attack fainilies aniyingatti1etrain station. from as earlyas<ti1e 1830.8.
(13) Photographs of the attacks were ag()odway to tuin (D) The mill owners charged money fordrinlcing
water and dock~d 'Yorkers . ~ hOUr'sparfor
public opinion against the millownersand create pressure
on the two sides to come to an agreement. arriving just(i few IIlll19teslate.
(E) - Many of the :mill 'Yor}(e.rswere unskilled, but
some were skilled laborers_
302
5 5
37. In context, which of the following sentences would 39. In context, which of the following is the best version
be best to place immediatf<lyafter ~ent~nce9? . of the underlined portion()f sentence 13 (reproduced· .
below)? '
(A) The union provided m~a1sfor workers'
families and helped·organize picketlines. Photographs of the attt}cks were a good Way to turn
(B) Union organizets wer~ Illerely expressing . public opinion against the mill owners and create
popular beliefs·'l),bout 'the econorllic and pressure on the two sides to come to an agreement. :.
educational statUs oftheIi1i1l ~orkers.
(A) were good for turning
(C) The mill b~~rs, howe;ver, had the law
(B) . made them tum
. . behind them: •. . ' . . . . . (C) helpedturn
(0) ]'he IWWh#, .be6il: wntten·about in many
(D) are a way to turn
history books. '
(E) turned
(E) This made1;h~ liyps of the workers harder,
but they feI~strdngl)l about their cause.'
38. In context, Whic~ of the following sentences

would best be placed'a t the begilllli~g of paragraph 3
(sentences 10-13Y? '
(A) Violence isn~v,~r. ~. go()d solution to
problemsmthewQrkplace.
(B) Publicopiniofrwas on;th.e sideof the
striking workersubill theiQeginning.
(C) Whatever the intentioDsQftlie\ l1lion
organizers might'have b~~n:'ti~le,llce '
broke out. . . .
(D) Besides, it was inevitable thatevyntually,
clashes would take place; ,
(E) So .what happened next would probably
not surprise you. ' .
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5 I pnACTICE TEST .5
SECTIONS
. Time - 30 minutes
39 Qtlestions
(1-39)
:Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet. .
2. To pay homal:e to her. John l.ennol)'s mother Was the·

subject of his poi~ant son" "Julia."
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) To pay homage to her, John Lennon's mother was
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the' . the subject of his poignant song "Julia." .
original phrasing; "the other four choices are different. If (B) John Lennon paid homage to his mother by
you think the original phrasing produces a better senten~ making her the subject of his poignant song
than any of the alternatives, select choice A;· if not, select· ·"Julia."
one of the other choices. . (C) . Paying homage to her, .the subject of the poignant
song "Julia" is John Lennon's mother. .
In making your selection, follow the reqUirements of (D) "Julia" is a poignant song whose subjectis John
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, Lennon's mother, he paysbomage to her.
choice of words,sentence construction, and punctuation. (E) John Lenrion's mother was the subject of his
Your selection should result in the most effective poignant song "Julia," to pay homage to her.
ambiguity. .
3. The region experienced an extraordinarily dry summer
and is now sufferin~ a severe droul:bt.
EXAMPLE:
(A) is now suffering a severe drought
(B) now the drought it has is severe
and she Was sixty-five years o~d then.
(C) it has been followed now by a severe drought
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (D) then it had a drought that is severe
(B) when she was sixty-five (E) next it suffered a s~vere drought
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years 4. As early as the fifth century A.D .., caves beiDl: carved
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five into the cliffs ofthe Tian Shan range in China as
®e©®® shrines and places of worship for devotees of
Buddhism. -
1~ Unlike sjght. hearinl: is enhanced underwater because (A) caves being carved
water transmits the pressure waves of sound much (B) caves carved
more rapidly and effectively than does air. (C) caves that were carved
(0) caves were carving
(A). Unlike sight, hearing is .
(E) caves were carved
(B) Unlike sight, hearing which is
(C) Unlike sight, you have hearing
(D) Hearing, unlike sight,
(E) Hearing, unlike sight, being "
"
..25· 305
5 ,1
..__.. PRACTICE TEST 5
, S. Since the deregulation Of the industry; children's 9. R. N. Dett, composer and choir djrector. who trained
television shows based on commercial products one of the best choirs in the country at Hampton
have emerged, blurrin~ the distinction between Institute.
advertisements and programs.
(A) director, who trained
(A) blurring the distinction between advertisements (B) director; who was training
and programs (C) director, and he trained
,(B) this blurred the distinction between (D) director and trainer of
advertisements and programs (E) director, trained
(C) distinctions between advertisements and programs
become blurred as a result 10. Deterinined to locate the famous statue, the museum's
(I?) th~y blur the distinction between advertisements Confusinl: map was scrutinized bs Howard and
and programs , . Christine.
(E) a blUrred distinction between advertisements and
(A) the museum's confusing map Was scrutinized by
programs resulted
Howard and Christine
(B) Howard and Christine scrutinized the museum's
6. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa. he
confusing map
abandoned his native city for Portugal and ,a
career at sea: ' (C) Howard and Christine Were confused, and the
museum's map was scrutinized by them
(A) Genoa, he abandoned his native city (D) the museum's map, which wI¥-! confusing, was
(B) Genoa and abandoning his native c;ity scnitinized by Howard and Christine
(C) Genoa but abandoned his native city (E) -confused, Howard and Christine scrutinizing the
(D) Genoa, his native city being abandoned museum's map
(E) Genoa; therefore he abandoned his native city
11. Paul Robeson openly condemned bigotty and
7. Ms. Allen asked her drama class members, whether oppression, despite him knowinl: such outspoken~
they preferred the plays of Anton Chekhov more than ness could damal:e his .flourishing career as a Singer
Henrik Ibsen. and actor.
(A) whether they preferred the plays of Anton ' (A) despite him knowing such outspokenness could
Chekhov more than ' damage '
(B) if they would find Anton Chekhovpreferable over (B) but knowing such outspokenness could damage
(C) whether they preferred the plays of Anton ' (C) and in doing so, knowing such outspokenness '
could damage '' 1
Chekhov to those of
(D) whether they preferred Anton Chekhov more than (D) even though in doing so; he wouldlmow such'
the plays of ' ,outspokenness could damage
(E) did they like the plays of Anton Cheld;lov better (E) although he knew that such outspokenness could
than their liking of the plays of damage
8. Mayan civilization flourished during the first 12. Sometimes it may be more economical to keepyoQr ,
millennium A.D., creating monumental architecture, old car, even if it needs expensive repairs, than to ~)Uy
conducting sophisticated coinmercialtransactions, anew one.
and they developed an advanced system of writinl:.
(A) even if it needs
(A) and they developed an advanced system of writing (B) even those needing
1
(B) and developing an advanced system of writing ~C) despite your need for
If'
(C) and, as well, they developed an advanced system (D) despite your needing to perfonn
ofwritjng (E) although you require
(D) wJ:tile an advanced system of writing was
developing
(E) and the development of an advanced system of
writing
·26- 306
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
13. Edgar Allan Poe was a virtuoso at plot constructign. he 17. Long-distance swimmers coat their bodies with grease
refined the short-story form to near perfection. not to keep themselves warm, this is a common belief,
but to lessen the resistance of the water against their
(A) Edgar Allan Poe was a virtuoso at plot
bodies.
. construction, he refined the short-story form to
near perfection. (A) this is a common belief
(B) A virtuoso at plot construction, Edgar Allan Poe (B) despite a common belief
refined the short-story form to near perfection. (C) which is what the common belief is
(C) The one who refined the form of the short story to (D) which was commonly believed so
near perfection was avirtuoso at plot (E) as is commonly believed
construction, Edgar Allan Poe.
(D) The nearly perfect short-story form was refined by 18. Before the Chomskyan revolution in linguistics, iUY.M
Edgar Allan Poe, and he was a virtuoso at plot widely assumed that babies learn all aspects of
construction. language from those around them.
(E) Being the virtuoso at plot construction, the short-
. (A) it was widely assumed that babies learn
story form was refined to near perfection by
(B) it was widely assumed for babies to learn
Edgar Allan Poe.
(C) it is widely assumed that babies learn
(D) the wide assumption was of babies learning
14. New Jersey has regulations governing sanitary landfIll.
(E) babies ate widely assumed to be learning
and so the result is to cover any dumped material with
six inches of clean soil.
19. The clarity oflanguage in F. Scott Fitzgerald's writings
(A) landfill, and so the result is to cover any dumped is far superior to other novelists.
material -
(A) .to other novelists
(B) lan~fill, thus resulting in the coverage of any
(B) to that in the works of other novelists
dumped material
(C) than that in other novelists
(C) landfill that result in the requirement to cover any
(D) than other novelists
du,mped material
(E) than compared with the works of other novelists .
(D) landfill that require any dumped material to be
covered
(E) landfill so that they are required to cover any 20. The Wright brothers' airplane could fly more often and
dumped material for longer periods of time than could any of the planeS
of contemporary French aviators.
15. By the sixteenth century, the old geocentric order (A) than could any of the planes of contemporary
. had been shattered by Copernicus, the moral order French aviators
underinined by Montaigne, and Machiavelli destroyed (B) than did contemporary French aviators
the political order. (C) than contemporary French aviators
(D) unlike contemporary French aviators' planes
(A) Machiavelli destroyed the political order
(B) Machiavelli had destroyed the political order (E) in comparison to those of contemporary French
(C) the political order had been destroyed by aviators' planes
Machiavelli
(D) the political order destroyed by Machiavelli
(E) the political order was destroyed by Machiavelli
16. The social sciences, thID' use the scientific method. but
they are not defined or limited by it.
(A) they use the scientific method, but they are
(B) even though they use the scientific method,
they are
(C) which use the scientific method, but are.
(D) although they use the scientific method, are
(E) using the scientific method; they are
-27- 307
5 PRACTICE TEST I
"5',',:'"..
'.
'.",
:" ',-'. "
The following sentences test yoUr ability to recognize· 23. Many educators argue that mathematics, science, and '
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contmns more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined a modem foreign language are an essential subject
and lettered. Ifthe sentence contains an error, select the B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the for college-bound students to study. No error
In choosing answers, follow the'requirements of standard C D E
written English,
24. Barbara Smith, known professionally as B. Smith,
EXAMPLE:
" --
A
The other delegates and him, immediately has begun her career as a model but went o~
ABC B C
accepted the resolution drafted by the to become a restaurateur, author, and television show
D D
neutral states. No error host. No error
E
0e®®® E
25. In some of his most effective comicsce~s, Charlie

21. The theory of quantum mechanics requires that an
A B
A
Chaplin merely stares wistful at a bowl of soup, a
electron in an atom be regarded not only as an
C D
.R C
dollar bill, or a warm bed: No error
orbiting particle and as a wave. No error
E
D E
26. Although some children today dieam of becoming ..,
22. A member of the Navajo tribal council are hoping that '
A B C
A
Olympic champions, many still want to, be
the recent increase in interest in Native American art
B
an astronaut. No error
will provide a bridge to greater understanding of
D E
C D
Navajo life and culture. No error
E
-28- 308
5 PRACTICE TEST I 5
27. Some volcanoes shoot into the stratosphere huge 31. The committee members regained a sense of unity and
A A
volumes of dust and gas that cause far-reaching purpose only when the mayor issued a mandate that
B B
climatic changes by forming a barrier between the clearly established the task before it. No error
C D C D E
Sun and Earth. No error
E . 32. The enormous sums bid on Mary Cassatt's
A
28. According to one study, halfof the adults in the impressionist painting demonstrates the wealth of the
A B B
. country can neither read such basic material bidders, not necessarily their appreciation of art.
C D
as newspapers or fill out job applications. No error No error
C D E E'
29. Despite the historical society's lengthy deliberations 33. Widowed in 1859, novelist Margaret Oliphant
A B
about the restoration of the old museum, there succeeded to provide for her own and her brother's
C A B
remains se~eral unresolved questions about the children with the profits from her books, which
D C
soundness of the building. No error numbered well over 100 volumes. No error
E D E
30. Although discoveries of precious gems have brought 34. Unlike commercial broadcasting, producers
.A A
considerable attention to the country of Sri Lanka, working for public television are not primarily
B B
their economy is ,still based on farming rather than interested in reaching the widest possible audience.
C D C D
mining. No error No error
E E
~29- 309
5 PRACTICE TEST 5
36. Which of the following revisions is most needed in
Directions: The following passage is ail early draft of an sentence 5 (reproduced below) ?
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. '
For a few minutes] linger in my tent, tooking up at the
Read the passage and select the best answers for the canvas above me, black at first but quickly turning to
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular green as the sun shot straight up beyond the rim of hills'
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve to the east.
'sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
to consider organization and developinent. In choosing (A) Change "linger" to "lingered".
answers, follow the requirements of standard written (B) Insert "also" after "tent".
English. (C) Change "looking" to "look".
(D) Delete "but"and insert a semicolon (;).
(E) Change ''beyond'' to "on the other side of".
Questions 35·39 are based on the following passage~
37. In context, which words should be inserted after "the
(1) It was daybreak when I awoke. (2) I was 'in Ethiopia , best" in sentence 8 to clarify its meaning?'
on a field expedition. (3) I was camped on the edge of a
small muddy river, about a hundred miles northeast. of. (A) weather
Addis Ababa. (4) I had been there for several weeks, acting (B) part of the day
as leader of a group of bird-watchers. (C) place they had ever visited
. (5) FOr a few minutes I linger in my tent, looking up at (D) time for sleeping
the canvas above me, black at first but quickly turning to (E) location for sighting birds
green as the sun shot straight up beyond the rim of hills to
the east. (6) Close to the equator the sun does that; there is 38. Where in the essay would the sentence below fit most
rio long dawn as there is at home in the United States. logically?
(7) It was still relatively cool, not more than 80 degrees. But mornings are not my favorite time.
(8) For most of the Americans in camp this was the best.
(9) The rocks and boulders that littered the landscape had (A) After sentence 4
bled away most of their heat during the night, they no (B) After sentence 5
longer felt like stoves when you stood next to them. (C) After sentence 9
(10) Unlike my fellow travelers I am a slow starter and (D) After sentence II
much prefer to be up arid about during the evenings and (E) After sentence 12
nights. (11) Sundown is my favorite part of the day.
(12) I like to walk up one of the exposed ridges near the 39. In context, which of the following revisions is most
camp, feel the first stirrings of evening air and watcI,. the necessary in sentence 9 (reproduced below) ?
hills turn purple. (13) There I can sit alone for a while, The rocks and boulders that littered the landscape had
thinking about.the day just ended, planning the next. bled away most of their heat during the night, they no
longer felt like stoves when you stood next to them.
35. Which of the following is the best way to revise the
underlined portions of sentences 2 and 3 (reproduced (A) Change "The rocks" to "Because the rockS".
below)? ' (B) Change "had" to "and that".
(C) Add "but" before "they no longer".
] was in Ethiopia o~ a field expedition. ] was camped (0) Change "felt" to "seemed".
Ql!the edge of a small muddy river, about a hundred (E) Change "you stood" to "I stand".
miles northeast ofAddis Ababa.,
(A) expedition, a camp on
(B) expedition, my camp was on
(C) expedition, I was camped on
(D) expedition, camped on
(E) expedition, while I was camped on
STOP
-30· 310
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20()7PSATmMSOT Student Guide: Practice Test 31,

311
..,~... '
5 5 I I 5 I 5 I I 5
SECTIONS
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
2. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley wrote the novel

Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus partly
because she wanted adapting of a myth of the
ancient Greeks.
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (A) she wanted adapting of
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (B) her desire was the adapting of
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not, select (C) she wanted to adapt
one of the other choices. (0) she had wanted adapting of
(E) she wanted and therefore adapted
3. In the Middle A~s. most people stDYed at home. in
that travel was difficult and a dan~r.
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or (A) In the Middle Ages, most people stayed at home,
ambiguity. in that travel was difficult and a danger.
(B) In the Middle Ages, most people stayed at home
EXAMPLE: because travel was difficult and dangerous.
(C) For the people of the Middle Ages, whose travel
was difficult and dangerous, it meant staying at
home.
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (0) In the Middle Ages, most people have stayed at
(B) when she was sixty-five home since travel was of a difficult and
(C) at age sixty-five years old dangerous nature.
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (E) The fact that travel was difficult and dangerous in
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five the Middle Ages makes most people of the time
®e©®® stay home.
4. Scholarly study of contemporary documents has

1. Town officials had a dual purpose in promoting the
provided much knowledge about the Spanish·
marketplace: they viewed it not on.Iy as a source of
Armada, but even more infounation was provided
high-quality food and also a catalyst for the revival
when studying four shipwrecks.
of the downtown area.
(A) even more information was provided when
(A) and also
studying four shipwrecks
(B) as well as
(B) even more information was provided through four
(C) but also as
shipwrecks studied
(0) but they see it as
(C) four shipwrecks, when they studied them, have
(E) however it also is
provided even more information
(0) the study of four shipwrecks provided even more
information
(E) the study of four shipwrecks providing even more
information
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PAGE>
5 I I 5 I I 5 I 5 I 5
5. In 1884, when he became publisher of one of 8. In believing that firsthand experience would add to the
the nation's leading African American newspapers. credibility of her biography of Matthew Henson, a
John R. Mitchell launched a crusade against various discoverer of the North Pole, the author spent a winter
forms of discrimination. north of the Arctic Circle.
(A) newspapers, John R. Mitchell launched a crusade (A) In believing that
(B) newspapers, John R. Mitchell has launched A (B) Believing that
(C) newspapers, a crusade launched by John R. ~ (C) Because believing that
Mitchell ,..,! (0) She believed that
(0) newspapers and when John R. Mitchel1launched (E) Since having believed that
a crusade
(E) newspapers; it was John R. Mitchel1 who 9. Infants have demonstrated that they are capable of
launched a crusade "attaching" to fathers in veO' much the same way as
mothers.
6. Fashion does not play the al1-important role it once has
,,~(A) in very much the same way as mothers
played in the life of manY peo.ple: more and more men
.' (B) very much like mothers
and women are wearing what they find comfortable.
- (C) like mothers
(A) Fashion does not play the alJ- important role it once v ' (0) in very much the same way as they attach to
has played in the life of many people mothers
(B) Fashion no longer plays the all- important role it (E) in a manner quite similar to that present with
once played in the lives of many people mothers
(C) Fashion once has played an all-important role in
the lives of many people, but not now 10. The office of the eminent orthopedic surgeon is filled
(0) Fewer people's life is influenced by fashion to the with famoUS peo.ple's pictures that are her patients.
degree it once was
..... (A) famous people's pictures that are her patients
(E) Fewer people have lives in which fashion is as all-
(B) patients' pictures, the famous ones
important as before now
.--"" (C) pictures of such famous patients as the doctor's
(0) ,pictures of her patients which are famous
7. Sinclair Lewis was the first American writer to win the
(E) ipictures of famous people who are her patients
Nobel Prize for literature. and this award is not for a
single book but for all of an author's literary
achievements. 11. The eleventh-century Tibetan Buddhist teacher and
healer Machig Labdron is known around the world for
(A) literature, and this award is the meditation techniques she perfected. they involye
(B) literature, whose award is ritual instruments and songs.
(C) literature, the award as being
(0) literature, this award is (A) .-she perfected, they involve
(E) literature, an award given (B). she perfected; involving
(C) perfected by her; those involve
(0) she perfected, which involve
(E) that she had perfected, they involve
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313
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12. Designed to help prevent accidents, the new law IS. Yoko Ono's art epitomizes the early 1970's in the
specifies that headli~ must be turned on while way it questions authority, subverts tradition. even
mining. stretchina the limits of good taste.
(A) that headlights must be turned on while raining (A) subverts tradition, even stretching the limits of
(B) that, while raining, headlights must be turned on good taste
(C) that, while raining, drivers must tum on their (B) subverting tradition, even to stretch the limits of
headlights good taste
(0) that drivers are turning on their headlights when (C) it subverts tradition and even stretches the limits
it rains . of good taste
(E) that drivers must turn on their headlights when it (0) subverts tradition, and even s~tches the limits of
is raining good taste
(E) subverts· tradition while even stretching the limits
13. Although nearly every city in the region has its own of good taste
carnival, each with their own styles and customs. the
carnival in Venice is the oldest and the most renowned. 16. Having spent seven years correcting errors in the text,
a new edition of James Joyce's Ulysses has been
(A) each with their own styles and customs, the
published by Hans Walter Gabler.
carnival in Venice is the oldest and the most
(B) each with their own style and customs, the oldest (A) a new edition of James Joyce's Ulysses has been
carnival in Venice is the most published by Hans Walter Gabler
(C) each wtth its own style and customs, the carnival (B) Hans Walter Gabler's new edition of James
in Venice is the oldest and the most Joyce's Ulysses has been published
(0) each with its own style and customs, the oldest (C) there is a new edition of James Joyce's Ulysses
carnival, that of Venice, is the more published by Hans Walter Gabler
(E) each of them have their own styles and customs, (0) Hans Walter Gabler has published a new edition
the carnival in Venice is the oldest and the most of James Joyce's Ulysses
(E) James Joyce's Ulysses has been published in a
. 14. There is a temptation to buy products that are new edition by Hans Walter Gabler
prominently displayed, the smart buyer reads
the labels carefully before making purchases.
.~
(A) the smart buyer
(B) therefore, the smart buyer
(C) but the smart buyer
(0) it is the smart buyer who
(E) in spite of this, it is the smart buyer who
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17. One critic of corporate life in the United States 19. Many Americans are passionate about preserving
insists that it is possible both to alleviate pressures natural resources, which makes it a fierce political
experienced by managers while maintaining the debate. .
competitive spirit within a company.
,..-" (A) which makes it a fierce political debate
(A) while maintaining the competitive spirit within a .'-' (B) and the political debate about it being fierce
company " (C) thus the political debate is fierce
(B) and with maintaining the competitive spirit within - (0) this situation makes for fierce political debate
a company (E) a situation that makes for fierce political debate
(C) while a company maintains its competitive spirit
/ (0) and to maintain the competitive spirit within a 20. The Anasazi Indians settled in the Southwest in the first
company century but. perhaps because of the gradual drying of
(E) while the competitive spirit within a company is the climate. eventually abandoned their settlements.
maintained
(A) century but, perhaps because of the gradual drying
of the climate, eventually abandoned their
18. Classified as dietary supplements by the FDA. safety
settlements
and usefulness testing are not required before
(B) century, their settlements were eventually
marketing vitamins and minerals.
abandoned perhaps because of the gradual
(A) Classified as dietary supplements by the FDA, drying of the climate
safety and usefulness testing are not required (C) century, eventually perhaps because of the gradual
before marketing vitamins and minerals. drying of the climate, their settlements were
(B) Because the FOA classifies vitamins and minerals abandoned
as dietary supplements, no testing for safety or (0) century, but eventually abandoning their settle-
usefulness is required before they are marketed. ments because of the gradual drying of the
Since they are classified as dietary supplements climate perhaps
by the FDA, they do not require testing vitamins (E) century, however, their settlements were even-
and minerals for safety and usefulness before tually abandoned, perhaps because of the
marketing them. gradual drying of the climate
(0) By being classified as dietary supplements, the
FDA does not require that vitamins and minerals
be tested for safety or usefulness before
marketing.
..... -., ... ,. (E) Testing for safety and usefulness is not required
by the FDA for vitamins and minerals before
marketing since they classify them as being
dietary supplements.
-33- 315
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The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. A hypochondriac is when you have a tendency
to complain about ailments that are largely
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the BCD
one underlined part that must be changed to make the imagined. No error
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard E
written English.
24. Facing overwhelming odds at the Battle of Yorktown,
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately Cornwallis naturally tried to avoid being trapped but
ABC ABC
accepted the resolution drafted by the it failed. Noerror
D D E
E 25. The ancient manuscript was a valuable find,
A
even though the writing was difficult to decipher and
21. In the First World War, the United States Army
B C
the paper had begun to disintegrate. No error
refused accrediting women as ne~s correspon-
D E
A
dents even though women had been reporting 26. Contemporary African American drama, like classical
>
B A
from the front before the United States entered Greek theater, draws many of their themes from the
C D B C
the war. Noerror religious and social activities of the community.
E D
No error
22. Had he lived beyond his twenty-eight years, Schiele
E
A
would have to become a very different artist 27. Many wildlife experts who study both black and
B C A B
functioning in a very different world. No error grizzly bears consider the grizzly to be the more
D E C D
powerful and dangerous animal. No error
E
I GO ON 10 THE NEXT -V
316
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""~~.
28. Although the 500-mile course covers the harshest 32. In the eighteenth century ;i si~ple metDfJU~'~
A B A
part of the Alaskan tundra, scores of dogsled teams notation helped to make
----.;;;.:.,;;~.;;.;:=;..£;;:~
C B
complete it successfully each winter since 1925. any century. No error
D D E
No error
E 33. Having heard both local candidates give spe:ecla
A
29. The introduction for the new product line to Tina was convinced that neither of them were likely
A B C
consumers was delayed by technical setbacks to be elected in the primary. No error
B C D E
not anticipated by the company's managers. No error
D E 34. The weather in Arizona and New Mexico is like
A
30. Advances in seismology have led some scientists some parts of California, but despite this similarity
A B C
to speculate that soon we will predict earthquakes there are important climatic differences within these
B C D
as accurate as we predict the weather. No error regions. No error
D E E
, 31. Role models can motivate us if they are people whose

A
achievements we flOd realistically attainable;
B
in addition, comparing ourselves to super achievers
C D
may have the opposite effect. No error
E

-35- 317
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35. In context, which of the following is the best version
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an of sentence 2.(reproduced below) ?
About half as big as the state of Tennessee.
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular - (A) (As it is now)
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (B) For it is about half the size of the state of
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you Tennessee.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (C) Togo is about half the size of the state of
answers, follow the requirements of standard written Tennessee.
English. (D) The state of Tennessee is about twice as large
as that.
(E) However, the state of Tennessee would be
about two times larger than Togo.
(1) The West African country of Togo is a narrow
36. Of the following, which would be the best revision of
strip of land on the Gulf of Guinea between Ghana and the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced
Benin. (2) About half as big as the state of Tennessee. below) ?
(3) Although ii: is oneoftlieS"'maHest countries in Africa,
Togo has about 30 ethnic groups and many languages. Britain took over western Togoland, later becoming
(4) The major ethnic group is a people called the Ewe, who part Q/Ghana.· and France took the eastern part.
originally came from Nigeria. (A) which later became part of Ghana;
(5) Togo is part of a region once called Togoland that _- (B) and later they became part of Ghana:
became a German colony in the 1880's. (6) After defeating . -- (C) this was before it became part of Ghana;
Germany in the First World War, the Allies took over its .-' (D) when it became part of Ghana later;
colonies. (7) Britain took over western Togoland, later . (E) becoming part of Ghana afterward;
becoming part of Ghana,; and France took the eastern part.
(8) French Togoland became present-day Togo when it 37. In context, the phrase "Even after this," in sentence 9 is
gained its independence in 1960. (9) Even after this, the best replaced by
official language continues to be French. (10) France is still
among Togo's major trading partners. (A) Therefore,
(11) The most common occupatiQn in Togo is farming. (B) With their influence,
(12) In addition to domestic use, crops are grown for ,/ .(C) For the purposes of independence,
export. (13) Export crops include cacao, coffee, cotton, (D) In addition to this independence,
(E) In spite of this independence,
peanuts, and palm oil. (14) Togo is one of the world's top
producers of phosphates, they are compound'! used to make
fertilizer.
(15) Togo's capital, Lome, is a very dynamic city.
(16) Its beaches are popular with tourists, and its busy
marketplace offers beautiful cotton fabrics, as well as fish,
meat, and produce.

318
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5 I 5 I I 5 I 5 I I 5
38. Of the following, which is the best way to revise 39. Which of the following is the best version of sentence
sentence 12 (reproduced below) ? 14 (reproduced below) ?
In addition to domestic use, crops are grownfor Togo is one of the world's top producers of
export. phosphates, they are compounds used to moJce
fertilizer.
(A) Crops are grown not only for domestic use but
also for export. (A) (As it is now)
(B) Besides using them domestically, Togo also (B) It is one of the world's top producers of
exported them. phosphates, and it also makes compounds used
(C) Besides importing crops for domestic use, they to make fertilizer.
export crops. (C) Phosphates, used to make fertilizer. are other
___ill) They export crops, and they are used compounds Togo is one of the world's top
domestically. producers of.
- __ --,/ (E) Crops are exported in addition to those they use (D) Togo is one of the world's top producers of
at home. phosphates, compounds used to make fertilizer.
(E) As for compounds used to make fertilizer, it is
one of the world's top producers of phosphates.
STOP
-37- 319
FORM S
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READING SKILLS
1. E 1. 0 1. C
2. C 2. A 2. C
3. E 3. C 3. B
4. 0 4. E 4. 0
5. A 5. A 5. A
6. E 6. E 6. B
7. 0 7. A 7. E
8. E 8. B 8. B
9. B 9. E 9. 0
10. B 10. E 10. E
11 . C 11 . A 11 . 0
12. 0 12. B 12. E
13. C 13. C 13. C
14. E 14. 0 14. C
15. A 15. B 15. 0
16. 0 16. B 16. 0
17. 0 17. C 17. 0
18. . . 18. A 18. B
19. 0 19. C 19. E
20. B 20. 0 20. A
21 . B 21 . A
22. C 22. B
23. 0 23. A
24. B 24. 0
25. E
Section 3 Section 4 26. B
25. B 21 . A 27. E
26. A 22. E 28. 0
27 . A 23. E 29. A
28. E 24. C 30. 0
29. E 25. A 31 . C
30. C 26. 0 32. 0
31 . B 27. C 33. C
32. A 28. B 34. B
33. E 29. 180 35. C
34. E 30. 2 36. A
35. E 31 . 100 37. E
36. A 32. 33 38. A
37. A 33. 2.5 or 5/2 39. 0
38. B 34. 160. 320.
39. B or 480
40. 8 35. 6
41 . A 36. 3/4 or 0.75
42. 0 37. 18
43. 0 38. 0
44. E
45. E
46. A
47. C
48. B
320
5 5 5· 5 5
SECTIONS
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1·39)
2. Isaac Newton developed his revolutionary theories at a

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness time in history where ideas about science were rapidly
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence chan~in~. .
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) where ideas about science were rapidly changing
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) where ideas about science rapidly change
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) where ideas about science had rapidly changed
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) when ideas about science were rapidly changing
one of the other choices. (E) when ideas about science will be rapidly changi.ng
3. The American novelist Edith Wharton designed
gardens and home interiors that was directly
influenced by the aesthetic charms of many
European cities.
ambiguity.
(A) was directly influenced by
EXAMPLE: (B) was a direct influence of
(C) were directly influenced by
(D) were a direct influence by
(E) were directly an influence of
(B) when she was sixty-five 4. Inoperative satellites and discarded objects Dm:Y.
(C) at age sixty-five years old orbitin~ the Earth may threaten the safety of future
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years space missions.
(A) now orbiting the Earth may threaten
®e©®® (B) now orbiting the Earth, they may pose a threat to
(C) now orbiting the Earth, and so may threaten
1. To satisfy her high school's community service (D) that now orbit the Earth and threaten
requirement, patients at a hospital were visited (E) now orbiting the Earth and threatening
by Jan three afternoons a week.
5. In his "American Scholar" address in the summer of
(A) patients at a hospital were visited by Jan
1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson urged his listeners to free
(B) Jan visited patients at a hospital
(C) hospital patients were visited by Jan
themselves from European culture and lookins instead
(D) Jan's visit to hospital patients was made to the culture of their own country.
(E) visits by Jan to patients at a hospital were (A) culture and looking
(B) culture, that they should look
(C) culture and to look
(D) culture, ·but they must look
(E) culture, but looking
-30- IGO ON T011IE NEXT321

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5 5 5 5 I 5
6. In a poignant account. the documentarY describing the 9. Shakespeare was an actor and a producer. and this
arduous trek that hundreds of Mormon families made resulted in his intimate understanding of the theater.
over the Rocky Mountains in the nineteenth century.
(A) Shakespeare was an actor and a producer, and this
(A) In a poignant account, the documentary describing resulted in his
(B) A poignant account, the documentary that (B) Because he was both an actor and a producer,
described Shakespeare had an
(C) The documentary, a poignant account describing (C) That Shakespeare was both actor and producer was
(D) In a poignant account, the documentary described why he had an
(E) While a poignant account, the documentary (D) The result of his acting and producing was for
described Shakespeare to have an
(E) Acting and producing, both of which he did,
7. Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe's novel of village means that Shakespeare had an
life in nineteenth-century Nigeria, is studied frequently
in both high school and college literature courses. 10. Prior to closing an airplane's outer door. federal
reIWlations require that all passengers be seated and
(A) is studied frequently in both high
have their seat belts fastened.
school and
(B) is a frequent studied novel in both high (A) Prior to closing an airplane's outer door, federal
school and regulations require that all passengers be seated
(C) studied frequently both in high and h.ave their seat belts fastened.
school as well as in (B) Prior to closing an airplane's outer door by federal
(D) frequently is studied by both high school regulations, all passengers must be seated and
and also in have their seat belts fastened.
(E) are frequently studied in high school as (C) Federal regulations require that all passengers
well as be seated and have their seat belts fastened
before an airplane's outer door can be closed.
8. In the preface to the book. it explains why the study of (D) Federal regulations require that passengers must
economics is indispensable for anyone interested in a be seated and also fasten their seat belt before
career in politics. they close an airplane's outer door.
(E) Federal regulations require, before they close
(A) In the preface to the book, it explains
an airplane's outer door, that passengers are
(B) It explains in the preface to the book
seated and have their seat belt fastened.
(C) The preface to the book explains
(D) It explains, the preface to the book,
(E) There is an explanation in the preface
\
of the book to
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322
5 5 5 5, -1-- 5
11. The contrastin~ wealth of the business owners 14. Early in her career, Diane Arbus photographed high-
compared with the poverty of the factory workers fashion models. however. she later found the subjects
provoked a flood of scathing condemnations from who were to make her famous-rebels and social
journalists and politicians. outcasts.
(A) The contrasting wealth of the business owners (A) models, however, she later found
compared with (B) models; however, she later found
(B) The contrast to the wealth of the business owners (C) models; however, later finding
with (D) models, but later, however, to find
(C) The contrast between the wealth of the business (E) models, but, when she later found
owners and
. (D) In contrast from the wealth of the business 15. A beautifully written narrative of the author's boyhood
owners, in South America, his descriptions of animal life in the
(E) Contrasting the wealth of the business owners, plains re~ion are fascinating.
(A) his descriptions of animal life in the plains region
12. Although the members of the wildlife biolQ~Y team
are fascinating
plan to study elephants in their natural habitat, they
(B) his description of animal life in the plains region
also want to observe the social behavior of elephants
is fascinating
in zoos.
(C) he fascinatingly describes animal life in the plains
(A) Although the members of the wildlife biology region
team plan to study elephants in their natural (D) the book contains fascinating descriptions of
habitat animal life in the plains region
(B) Although planning as the team of wildlife (E) the book contains descriptions of animal life in
biologists to study elephants in their natural the plains region and they are fascinating
habitat
(C) The wildlife biology team, planning to 'study the 16. John G. Neihardt felt an obligation to bring the
elephant in its natural habitat message of the Sioux holy man Black Elk to the larger
(D) Members of the wildlife biology team has planned world. having accomplished this in his book Black Elk
to study the elephant in its natural habitat Speaks.
(E) Wildlife biologists on a team have planned to
(A) world, having accomplished this
study the elephant in its natural habitat, however
(B) world and also to accomplish this
(C) world, that accomplishment is what he did
13. The mathematician felt honored to receive the
(D) world and eventually did it
MacArthur Prize, not only because the prize was
(E) world, and he eventually did so
prestigious and the financial award substantial but also
he was. at ei~hteen. the youngest recipient.
(A) but also he was, at eighteen,
(B) but also because he was, at eighteen,
(C) moreover he was, at eighteen
(D) and he, at eighteen, was
(E) as well as being, at eighteen,

-32-
323
1
5 5
1
5 5 5
17. The best photographs in the exhibit tease. they catch 19. One of the services whose cost has increased greatly in
the viewer between the strange and the familiar. recent years is that of hospital care. which is more
expensive than fonnerIy.
(A) tease, they catch
(B) tease, but they catch (A) that of hospital care, which is more expensive
(C) tease which catches than formerly
(D) tease: they catch (B) hospital care, which is more expensive than
(E) tease; it catches before
(C) the price of hospital care
18. According to no lesser of an authority than Parkman, (D) that of hospital care
the most momentous event in the history of colonial (E) hospital care
North America was the expulsion of the French.
20. An iceberg is produced when a glacier meets the sea:
(A) lesser of an authority than
the thickness of the icebeq~. which is dependent,
(B) lesser an authority such as
initially at least, on the thickness of the part of the
(C) less an authority as
glacier from which it broke off.
(D) less of an authority than was
(E) less an authority than (A) sea; the thickness of the iceberg, which is
dependent
(B) sea, the thickness of the iceberg depends
(C) sea, the thickness of the iceberg depending
(D) sea; with the thickness of the iceberg that depends
(E) sea, with the thickness the iceberg has that
depends
-33- I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE>

324
5 5 I 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. Although the disputes about ownership of
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined offshore oil sites subsided for a while, but the
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the A B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the disputes are occurring again as we search for
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard C D
written English. new sources of oil. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 24. After they identified and eliminate potential sources
ABC A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the of toxins, the renovators plan to restore the historic
D C
home with environmentally safe materials. No error
E
D E
25. The traffic was so heavy and the crowd so dense as
21. When the Women's Trade Union League was A B

A the worried mother would not let go of the child's
founded afthe tum ofthe century, it announces C

B hand for even an instant. No error
twin goals: to organize working women and D E
26. Although some of the victories of the civil rights

to publicize their concerns. No error
A
C D E
movement of the 1960s were only token gains,
22. Marsha has read every book Jorge Luis Borges B

many others were definite steps toward social
has written, and she considers no other novels C D
B C and political equality. No error

A
as interesting as he is. No error E
D E
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PAGE;
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27. Although the conference is over, the Mexican repre- 31. Many of Claude Monet's paintings were
A B A
sentative, like the other delegates, have declined inspired from the elaborate gardens the painter began
C B C
to comment on the new trade agreement. No error constructing when he was forty-two years old.
D E D
No error
28. With its 13,677 islands displayed like jewels on an E
A
exquisite necklace suspending between Asia and 32. The entire city, along with several nearby towns, ~
B A B
Australia, the Republic of Indonesia remains one of visual to anyone willing to climb the 1,256 steps to
C C D
the most beautiful and diverse nations on Earth. the top of the tower. No error
D E
No error
E 33. When the teacher selected John and I to present
A B
29. Masks made by the Kwakiutl Indian tribe of Canada our research project at the science fair, we were
A C
have interchangeable parts that enable the wearers surprised and elated. No error
B D E
to change its expression during dramatic dance
C D 34. Having studied hard for the podiatry examination,
presentations. No error A
E Charles felt capable to make distinctions among the
B C
30. The results of the investigation belongs less to the various problems associated with the joints in the foot.
A D
realm of knowledge than to that of speculation; the No error
B E
writer has given us more fancy than fact. No error
f
C D E

326
5 5 5 5 5
35. In context, which of the following best replaces the
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an word "It" in sentence 3 ?
(A) Such disproportion
Read the passage and select the best answers for the (B) Such invisibility
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular (C) Such a level
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (0) Such a company
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (E) Such an advancement
36. To improve the transition, which of the following
English. should be inserted at the beginning of sentence 6 ?
(A) It should be noted that
Questions 35·39 are based on the following passage.
(B) Nevertheless,
(C) In a case like this,
(1) Most women in corporate America have looked (0) Whereas in most cases,
for ways to deal with a "glass ceiling," the invisible (E) Whatever the reason,
barrier that keeps them from advancing to the highest
professional levels. (2) Women may be well represented 37. Which is the best sentence to insert before sentence 7
in middle management, but at the top they are greatly to begin the second paragraph?
outnumbered by men. (3) It may be intentional or the result
of unconscious attitudes and expectations. (4) The male (A) Although lawsuits charging gender discrim-
directors of one large corporation admitted, after many ination are a familiar solution, many women
lawsuits, that they had an unwritten policy of excluding have explored other methods of overcoming
women from upper-management positions. (5) At other discrimination.
companies, top executives were not used to having women (B) For an industrialized nation, the United States has
as th~ir equals or superiors. (6) The glass ceiling prevents far to go.
fully capable women from realizing their potential. (C) Consider the disadvantages when companies
(7) Some leave their jobs to work in other companies allow such a situation to exist.
which they see hiring and promoting more women, (0) Why does such pervasive discrimination exist?
companies where the glass ceiling has been raised but (E) Although comparisons with other nations are hard
not shattered. (8) Such companies may have women as to make, one wonders what the results of such
top-level managers, vice presidents, even members of comparisons would be.
their governing boards, but not as presidents. (9) Another
tactic has been for a woman to quit her job and start her
own business. (10) To sidestep the issue by creating her
own environment. (11) A third way has been for women
within a corporation to try to increase awareness of the
problem in an attempt to change it.
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PAGE>
5 5 5 5 5
38. Which is the best way to revise the underlined portions 39. Which of the following would best follow sentence 11 ?
of sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced below) ?
(A) The corporate world is vicious, and, as in the
Another tactic has been for a woman to quit her job jungle, only the fittest survive.
and stan her own business. To sidestep the issue by (B) Female presidents of companies usually have a lot
creating her own environment. of influence.
(C) Women are just as capable as men, even if there
(A) start her own business, to sidestep the issue by
creating her are still some doubts in the corporate. world.
(0) Remaining in an inhospitable environment
(B) start her own business. Sidestepping the issue by
creating her is risky but may help other women in the
(C) start their own business, and to sidestep the issue
company.
by creating their (E) Most people agree that women are just as capable
as men.
(D) ·start her own business. They sidestep the glass
ceiling and create their
(E) 'starting their own business, to sidestep the glass
ceiling and create their
STOP
-37· 328
FORMW
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READING SKILLS

1. D 1. D 1. B
2. B 2. A 2. D
3. e 3. A 3. e
4. A 4. B 4. A
5. E 5. e 5. e
6. A 6. e 6. D
7. e 7. E 7. A
8. B 8. A 8. e
9. e 9. e 9. B
10. A 10. E 10. e
11 . E 11. e 11 . e
12. e 12. E 12. A
13. E 13. D 13. B
14 . e 14. B 14. B
15. D 15. E 15. D
16. e 16. E 16. E
17. B 17. D 17. D
18. E 18. D 18. E
19. A 19. B 19. E
20. E 20. B 20. e
21 . A 21 . B
22. D 22. D
23. D 23. B
24. B 24. B
25. B
25. B 21. B 27. e
26. E 22. A 28. B
27. E 23. D 2\1. D
28. A 24. A 30. A
29. D 25. D 31. B
30. B 26. E 32. e
31 . A 27. e 33. A
32. D 28. A 34. B
33. D 29. 2.50 35. A
34. e 30. 6007 36. E
35. E 31. 9 37. A
36. D 32. 120 38. A
37. e 33. 18 39. D
38. A 34 . 2.73 < x < 3.45
39. A 35. 280
40. B 36. 0
41 .E 37 . 125
42. B 38. 7.5 or 15/2
43. D
44. D
45. D
46. e
47. e
48. e
329
5 5 -5 5 5·
SECTIONS
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
2. The survey found that given the choice, just as many

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness commuters would take the train as would take the bus.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of (A) commuters would take the train as would take
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the the bus
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) commuters taking the train as the bus
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) trains as buses taken by commuters
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) by commuting would take the train as take the bus
one of the other choices. . (E) commuting and taking the train and the bus
3. Most recognized artists are talented in only a single
field: Gordon Parks. however. who has shown
considerable talent in music, film, literature, and
photography.
ambiguity. (A) field; Gordon Parks, however, who has shown
(B) field; Gordon Parks, nevertheless, showing
EXAMPLE: (C) field, but Gordon Parks has shown
(D) field, despite which Gordon Parks has shown,
(E) field, with Gordon Parks showing
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then 4. Because Torell was working for three years
(B) when she was sixty-five as a teacher of agriculture, he felt qualified for
(C) at age sixty-five years old a position as field representative for the State
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years Department of Agriculture.
(A) Because Torell was working
®e©®® (B) Because Torell had worked
(C) Torell, working
1. Even though the novel Ulysses closely parallels (D) Because of Torell's working
Homer's Odyssey and some readers find the novel (E) As Torell worked
difficult to follow.
5. British novels of the early twentieth century were often
(A) Ulysses closely parallels Homer's Odyssey and
more stylistically innovative than American novelists
some readers find
of the same period.
(B) Ulysses closely parallels Homer's Odyssey and
even though some readers find (A) American novelists of the same period
(C) Ulysses closely parallels Homer's Odyssey, some (B) American novels of the same period
readers find (C) Americans whose novels were of the same period
(D) Ulysses with its close parallels to Homer's (D) that of the same period by Americans
Odyssey and with some readers finding (E) the same period of American novels
(E) Ulysses, a close parallel to Homer's Odyssey,
some readers who find
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330
PAGE>
5 5 5 5
6. Timing traffic lights properly is important for rol!ting 9. At the beginning of the new school year, the
traffic. preventing delays. and accidents. administration announced that all students' backpacks
must be kept in their lockers while attendin~ clas!H;s.
(A) for routing traffic, preventing delays, and
accidents (A) that all students' backpacks must be kept in their
(B) to route traffic, prevent delays, and accidents lockers while attending classes
(C) for routing traffic, prevent delays, and to avoid (B) that all students attending classes, they must keep
accidents their backpacks in their lockers i ,
(0) for routing traffic, preventing delays, and (C) that all students must keep their backpacks in their
avoiding accidents lockers while attending classes
(E) to route traffic, to prevent delays, and avoiding (0) that, while attending classes, all backpacks must
accidents be kept in students' lockers
(E) that, while they attend classes, all their backpackS
7. Mercy Otis Warren. who resented having needlework must be kept in students' lockers
taught to her while her brothers learned Latin and
Greek. arguin~ that gender-based restrictions on 10. Most of Henry Ford's methods have been So
education harmed both men and women. generally adopted and as a result people no
longer realize how original they were.
(A) Warren, who resented having needlework taught
to her while her brothers learned Latin and (A) and as a result
.Greek, arguing (B) and therefore
(B) Warren, who resented being taught needlework (C) and
while her brothers learned Latin and Greek, (0) that
argued (E) resulting in the fact that
(C) Warren, resenting needlework being taught to her
while her brothers learned Latin and Greek, she 11. The skills required for clothing design are much more
argued complex than those involved in makin~ custom
(0) Warren, resenting how she was taught needlework alterations.
while her brothers learn Latin and Greek, had
argued (A) those involved in making
(E) Warren resented to be taught needlework while (B) those involved to make
(C) tomake
her brothers learned Latin and Greek, arguing
(0) making
(E) for making
8. In the science textbook my gran",mother used in high
school it states that an atom cannot be split.
(A) In the science textbook my grandmother used in
high school it states
(B) In my grandmother's high school science
textbook they state
(C) The science textbook my grandmother used in
high school states
(0) They state in the science textbook used by my
grandmother in high school that
(E) When my grandmother was in high school, she
used a science textbook, it stated
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331
5 I 5 I 5 5 5
12. When, in 1916, F.V. Colville and Elizabeth White 14. Because of the prices they can fetch, bluefin tuna have
developed the first cultivated blueberry, they were been overfished, and their North Atlantic breeding
more durable than the native New Jersey beny and populations they estimate to decline by about 90
could be sent to distant markets. percent since 1980.
(A) they were more durable than the native New (A) they estimate to decline
Jersey berry and could be sent to distant markets (B) they estimated to have declined
(B) they could be sent to markets at a distance more (C) it is estimated that they have declined
than the native New Jersey berry because they (D) are estimated to decline
were more durable (E) are estimated to have declined
. (C) being more durable than the native New Jersey
berry, they were able to be sent to distant 15. Singer and songwriter Harry Burleigh is noted in the
markets history of twentieth-century American music for both
(D) they found it to be more durable than the native his classical son~s and his arran~ements of spirituals.
New Jersey berry, it could be sent to distant
(A) music for both his classical songs and his
markets
(E) they found that it was more durable than the. arrangements of
(B) music, he wrote classical songs and he also
native New Jersey berry and could be sent to
arranged
distant markets
(C) music for both classical songs and arranging
(D) music, both for his classical songs and his
13. The lon~-awaited completion of the transcontinental
arranging
railroad in May of 1869 is why the a~e of tourism to
(E) music, both because of his classical songs and his
the American West was ushered in.
arrangements of
(A) The long-awaited completion of the trans-
continental railroad in May of 1869 is why the 16. Dr. Seuss, whose 44 books have sold more than
age of tourism to the American West was 500 million copies, have made him probably the
ushered in. best-selling children's author in history.
(B) What ushered in the age oftourism to the
(A) have made him
American West was that in May of 1869 they
(B) making him
completed the long-awaited transcontinental
(C) and was thereby
railroad.
(D) is
(C) The long-awaited completion of the trans-
(E) are
continental railroad in May of 1869 ushered
in the age of tourism to the American West.·
(D) In May of 1869, the age oftourism to the
American West was ushered in, the reason
being their long-awaited completion of the
transcontinental railroad.
(E) After completing the long-awaited trans-
continental railroad in May of 1869, the
age of tourism to the American West was
ushered in.
-32- I GO ON 10 THE NEXT PAGE)

332
5 5 I 5 5 I 5
17. The British Factory Act of 1833 forbade employment 19. Since nearly all those accused in the 1692 Salem witch
of children under the age of nine,only the textile trials were women, to discuss the trials without
industries were affected. considering issues of gender is nel:lecting an a§Pect of
the events that is important.
(A) only the textile industries were affected
(B) children not in textile industries not affected (A) is neglecting an aspect of the events that is
(C) only children in the textile industries were important
affected (B) is neglecting an important aspect of these events
(0) but applying only to the textile industries (C) is to neglect an important, aspect of the events
(E) but the act applied only to the textile industries (D) will have been neglecting an important aspect of
the events
18. New York's Lincoln Center. some say resemblin~ a (E) would have been neglecting an important aspect
shopping mall for the performing arts, with its separate of these events
performance halls for opera, theater, and instrumental
music. 20. Meteorites are of great interest to astrQpbysicists. since
this is how they obtain information about the chemical
(A) Center, some say resembling
composition of early solar systems.
(B) Center, some say, resembles
(C) Center, said by some to resemble (A) astrophysicists, since this is how they
(D) Center, which some say resembles obtain information
(E) Center, with its resemblance, some say, to (B) astrophysicists, who obtain from them
information
(C) astrophysicists because information is obtained by
them
(D) astrophysicists; they obtain information
this way
(E) astrophysicists, which is how they obtain
information
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333
5 5 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. The mediator, having negotiated a final trade
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined agreement between the two rival nations, were
one underlined part that must be changed to make the credited with helping to promote international
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard D
written English. peace. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 24. Not surprisingly, research shows that a fundamental
ABC A
accepted the resolution drafted by the difference between an introvert and an extrovert
D B
being that one enjoys being alone while the other
E
C D
enjoys being around people. No error
E
21. Realizing that a delay could be beneficial ,
A B 25. The Food and Drug Administration has overlooked the
the director postponed the vote but

dangers of some drugs that seemed perfectly safe
requested that the subcommittee continue A B

until long after they are in general use. No error
to meet until when the remaining issues C 1> E

C
26. Although Charlotte Bronte enjoyed painting
were satisfactorily resolved. No error
A
D E
as well as writing, she is more widely recognized as
22. Although the Phoenicians were among the best B C

A B an author than as an artist. No error
navigators of their time, as shipbuilders they D E

C
were not equal of the Egyptians. No error
D E
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334
5 5I 5 Ii "
~,
'., 5 I ,., 5
" , ,.
27. Underneath the baSeme~t floor 'lies the drainpipes 31. People are no more likely to become athletic
- (
A B A
that were lnsfaned years agoby'the originai owner by watching' sporting events. as they ale to become
C 0 B C
of the.l1ouse. No error healthy by reading medical books. No error
E o E
28. Although the' griest list is limited, for the most part , 32. Until the train stopped at the station, neither the
A B A
to the immediate families, it will ~cJ.ude Mary and !, engineer nor the conductor were aware that one
C B , ;
C
old friends of both ,the bride and the groom. No .error , ,of the passengers had become ill.· No error
o E D E
29. Increasingly, trial lawyers

'.,' .;\ . ""
are calling on psy- 33. The economy suffered through a recession that
A A
chologists to help them predict how particular , '. was equal , if not worSe than, the recession that had
B B C
kinds of ~ple will behave as a member,.of develOped a decade ~fore. No error
C 0 o E
a jury. No error
34. Tbeatmosphereat the Wimbledon ~nnis tournament
! . ~ "
E --;- ::. '
A
30. PI~to and Aristotletm.tJl!t/tbat th,e ideall1uman is far more sedate and traditional than the tournament
A B C
being is the philosopher-the person of reason who
B
-o
we saw. No ~rroi
E
"
looked upon existence with detachment. No error

C 0 E
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335
I 5 I 5 5 5
36. In context, which of the following is the best
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an way to revise and combine sentences 3 and 4
Read the passage and select the best answers for the She had her ceremony at the White House and thanked
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular the President for an awe-inspiring experience. She also
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve challenged him to make education more important.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (A) She had her ceremony at the White House, and
answers, follow the requirements of standard written thanked the President for an awe-inspiring
English. experience and then she also challenged him to
make education more important.
(B) Thanking the President for an awe-inspiring
Questions 35-39 are based on the following passage. experience at the White House and she
challenged him to make education more
(1) The 1988 Teacher of the Year was Donna Oliver. important.
(2) She was both elated and critical as she accepted her (C) She had her ceremony at the White House, there
award. (3) She had her ceremony at the White House lpld she thanked the President for an awe-inspiring
thanked the President for an awe-inspiring experience. experience but challenged him to make
(4) She also challenged him to make education more education more important.
important. (D) During a ceremony at the White House,
(5) She turned her energies to recruiting and training challenging the President to make education
African Americans as teachers. (6) Directing a teacher more important while thanking him for the awe-
training program, fifty-five students are supervised by her inspiring experience.
every year. (7) "Unusual" is a word many people use to (E) At the White House ceremony, she thanked the
describe her program. (8) Most student teachers teach right President for an awe-inspiring experience and
away, but not her students. (9) They spend about 120 then challenged him to make education more
hours providing various services in the classroom before important.
they pick up the lesson plans and start to teach. (10) Not
many student teachers get to tutor children in different 37. Which of the following should be added to the
grades. (11) Or take them to the lunchroom. (12) Ms. beginning of sentence 5 to provide a transition from the
Oliver wants her student teachers to experience what it first to the second paragraph?
means to be a full-fledged teacher.
(A) After winning this significant award,
(13) Because teachers need to understand the cultures of
(B) On the other hand,
their students, Ms. Oliver's student teachers visit pupils at
(C) Still, she wasn't finished with him yet;
home. (14) She encourages teachers to study poetry by
(D) She believed it is important for African
authors with the same backgrounds as their pupils.
Americans to teach,
(E) It was her dream to win this award,
35. The fact that Ms. Oliver was "critical" (sentence 2) is
best illustrated by
(A) sentence 1
(B) sentence 3
(C) sentence 4
(D) sentence 5
(E) sentence 14

336
5 5 5 5 5
38. Which is the best version of sentence 6 (reproduced 39. Which of the following is the best way to revise and
below) ? combine sentences 10 and 11 (reproduced below) ?
Directing a teacher training program, fifty-five Not many student teachers get to tutor children in
students are supervised by her every year. different grades. Or take them to the lunchroom.
(A) (As it is now) (A) Not many student teachers get to tutor children in
(B) Directing a teacher training program, there she different grades while they take them to the
supervises fifty-five students every year. lunchroom.
(C) Fifty-five students in a teacher training program (B) Not many student teachers tutor children in
are being supervised by her every year. different grades; or take them to the lunchroom.
(D) As director of a teacher training program, she (C) Not many student teachers get to tutor children in
supervises fifty-five students every year. different grades or take them to the lunchroom.
(E) Every year fifty-five students in her teacher (D) Student teachers wanting to tutor children in
training program, which she directs, are different grades and to take them to the
supervised. lunchroom.
(E) Taking children to the lunchroom or tutoring them
when they are in different grades is worthwhile
experiences for student teachers.
STOP
-37-
337
FORM S
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READING SKILLS

1. D 1. E 1. C
2. E 2. A 2. A
3. A 3. C 3. C
4. B 4. E 4. B
5. A 5. A 5. B
6. D 6. D 6. D
7. A 7. B 7. B
8. B 8. C 8. C
9. E 9. A 9. C
10. D 10. D 10. D
11. E 11. E 11 . A
12. D 12. D 12. E
13. E 13. B 13. C
14 . D 14. D 14. E
15. C 15. A 15. A
16. C 16. C 16. D
17. E 17. A 17. E
18. E 18. A 18. B
19. E 19. E 19. C
20. C 20. C 20. B
21. A 21 . C
22. B 22. D
23. D 23. C
24 . E 24. C
25. D
25. B 21. B 27. B
26. D 22. B 28. C
27. E 23. E 29. D
28. B 24. D 30 . C
29. E 25. C 31 . C
30. B 26. D 32 . B
31. A 27. C 33 . B
32. D 28. D 34. C
33 . E 29. 110r12 35 . C
34. B 30 . 7 36 . E
35. A 31 . 2400 37 . A
36. C 32. 19<x<23 38 . D
37. D 33 . 52.5 39 . C
38. D 34. 0.25 or 1/4
39 . D 35. 141
40. E 36 . 4
41. D 37 . 80
42. C 38. 1/2 or 0 .5
43. A
44. C
45. C
46. B
47. A
48. B
338
5 5 5 5 5
SECTIONS
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 2, Whether an artist works through photography,
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence painting. or dance, making a connection with
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of an audience is paramount.
(A) making a connection
(B) the artist, while connecting
(C) by connecting
than any of the aiternatives, select choice A; if not, select
(0) the art, which connect
(E) and to make a connection
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, 3. Of all the people playing roles in the musical, ~
choice of words, sentence construction. and punctuation. the smallest part.
(A) mine is the smallest part
ambiguity. (B) the smallest part is mine
(C) mine is smaller than all the other parts
EXAMPLE: (0) I have a part smaller than theirs
(E) I have the smallest part
and she was sixty-five years old then. 4. The mistakes one makes growing up is not necessarily
repeated by one's children.
(B) when she was sixty-five (A) is not necessarily repeated
(C) at age sixty-five years old (B) is not necessary to repeat
(0) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (C) is not a necessity to be repeated
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five (0) are not necessarily repeated
®e©®® (E) are not necessary to be repeated
1. An ardent abolitionist, Lydia Child authored widely

circulated anti-slavery pamphlets, which she also
edited the National Anti-Slav",y Standard, a weekly
newspaper in New York City.
(A) pamphlets, which she also edited
(B) pamphlets, she also edited
(C) pamphlets, plus having edited
(0) pamphlets in addition to editing
(E) pamphlets, besides she was editor of
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-30-
339
5 5 ·1 5 5 5
5. On the shore of South Carolina's Bull Island, the 8. In 1946 Thurgood Marshall won the NAACP's top
solitude of the beach is awesome, intense. and it can be award, the Spingarn Medal, which he became its
exhilaratjng. second-youngest recipient.
(A) is awesome, intense, and it can be exhilarating (A) which he became its second-youngest recipient
(B) is awesome, intense, and even exhilarating (B) of which he became its second-youngest recipient
(C) is awesome. intense, also exhilarating (C) he was its second-youngest recipient
(D) being awesome and intense, and exhilarating to (D) the second-youngest recipient for it
people (E) becoming its second-youngest recipient
(E) is awesome, intense, and it can exhilarate one
9. Jean-Paul Sartre, the twentieth century's foremost
6. In her speech to members of a women's organization exponent of existentialist philosophy, often wrote of
in 1931, Virginia Woolf challenged her audience to the anxiety induced by a terrifying freedom to choose
speak openly and honestly about themselves and to in a seemingly meaningless universe.
follow the dictates of their own minds.
(A) often wrote of
(A) and to follow (B) often writing about
(B) and following (C) often written about
(C) while each one followed (D) he often wrote about
(D) and followed (E) who often wrote about
(E) and they should follow
10. For any viewpoint or opinion. there is always
7. By encouraging young children to perform public an opposite opinion that disagrees with it.
service along with their parents might enhance
the children's sense of belonging to their communities. (A) there is always an opposite opinion that disagrees
with it
(A) By encouraging young children (B) there is always an opposite opinion that disagrees
(B) Encouraging young children (C) an opposite opinion is always there
(C) If young children are encouraged (D) there is always an opposite opinion
(D) Young children who are encouraged (E) opposite opinions always disagree
(E) Because they encourage young children
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-31-
340
5 5 5 5 5
11. John Steinbeck's The Grapes o/Wrath, ~ 14. Winston Churchill was famous for his speeches, but he
of it being a work of fiction, vividly records had to labor over them in advance, practiced them
experiences that were all too real during the thoroughly and keeping notes in case of memory
Depression. lapses.
(A) in spite of it being a work of (A) advance, practiced them thoroughly, and keeping
(B) which being a work of (B) advance; to practice them thoroughly as well
(C) irregardless of being a work of as kept
(D) though a work of (C) advance, practicing them thoroughly and keeping
(E) notwithstanding it being (D) advance; he was practicing them thoroughly
and kept
12. Dr. Mae Jemison, astronaut and physician, founded (E) advance, he practiced them thoroughly, keeping
the Jemison Group. its tirst project was to develup a
satellite-based telecommunication system to improve 15. The vast Library of Alexandria, whose ruins have
health care in West Africa. never been recovered, thrived from 295 B.C. until
the fourth century A.D. on the coast of Egypt when
(A) founded the Jemison Group, its first project was
it burned to the ground.
to develop
(B) founded the Jemison Group, whose first project (A) have never been recovered, thrived from
was the development of 295 B.C. until the fourth century A.D. on the
(C) founding the Jemison Group, its first project was coast of Egypt
to develop (B) having never been recovered, thrived from
(D) founder of the Jemison Group, which had as its 295 B.C. ending in the fourth century A.D.
tirst project the development of on the coast of Egypt,
(E) who founded the Jemison Group and whose first (C) on the coast of Egypt were never recovered
project was to develop from 295 B.C. up until the fourth century A.D.,
thriving
13. The government, currently building extensive facilities (D) have never been recovered on the coast of
to accommodate the upcoming international sporting Egypt, it thrived from 295 B.C. until the
event, and hoping to convert them later to be used by fourth century A.D.,
tourists. (E) have never been recovered, thrived on the
coast of Egypt from 295 B.C. until the
(A) and hoping to convert them later to be used by fourth century A.D.,
tourists
(B) in hopes of converting them later to be used by
tourists
(C) hopes to convert them later for tourists to use
(D) hoping they can be converted for tourist use later
(E) the hope is that tourists use them later as
converted

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5 5 5 5 t<i!J\.
VJI/:I 5. .
16. Herrera wants so much to see improvements in the 19. Not actually a member of the !l"nus Piper, Christopher
lives of the workers, having devoted himself, therefore, Columbus gave the chili pepper that name. believin~
to furthering their cause. that he had found the plant that produces black pepper.
(A) workers, having devoted himself, therefore, (A) Not actually a member of the genus Piper,
(B) workers that he has devoted himself Christopher Columbus gave the chili pepper that
(C) workers, thus devoting himself name, believing
(0) workers so as to devote himself (B) The chili pepper is not a member of the genus
(E) workers, because of which he has devoted himself Piper, Christopher Columbus gave it that name
while believing
17. The sacred Peruvian site of Machu Picchu, abandoned (C) Christopher Columbus gave the chili pepper, and
by the Inca, reclaimed by the jungle, and lost to history it was not actually a member of the genus Piper,
until it was rediscovered in 1911 and excavated. that name on the belief
(0) Not actually a member of the genus Piper, the
(A) Picchu, abandoned by the Inca,
chili pepper was so named by Christopher
(B) Picchu, having been abandoned by the Inca,
Columbus because he believed
(C) Picchu has been abandoned by the Inca as well as
(E) The chili pepper, named by Christopher
being Columbus a member of the genus Piper as he
(0) Picchu was abandoned by the Inca; then
believed
(E) Picchu was abandoned by the Inca,
20. Because the stained-glass windows of the cathedral in
18. Overfishing and water pollution has rendered natural Reims, France, were destroyed during the First World
pearls even more rare than they were before. War it prompted widespread removal of stained-glass
(A) pollution has rendered windows from churches througbout France during the
(B) pollution have rendered Second World War.
(C) pollution, rendering (A) War, it prompted
(0) pollution renders (B) War, they prompted
(E) pollution to render
(C) War; then there was
(0) War, there was
(E) War, prompting
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342
5 5 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. The ribbon shirt, now worn throughout the
southwestern United States on special occasions,
than one eITor. The error, if there is one, is underlined
one underlined part that must be changed to make the is based on a style imported by settlers and adapted
C D
written English. by the Osage Nation in the early 1900s. No error
E
EXAMPLE:
The other delegates and him immediately 24. Ignoring an academic advisor who in 1958
A B C A
accepted the resolution drafted by the argued that women could not be engineers,
D B
neutral states. No error Donna Shirley persisted in her studies, has earned
E
C
a master's degree in aerospace engineering. and went
21. The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy acts as
A on to design the Sojourner spacecraft. No error
a single nation not only in establishing domestic D E
B
25. Praised for her powerful voice and soulful
policies and also in making both trade alliances A
C D
interpretations, Bessie Smith had rose to fame in the
and treaties. No error B
E
1920s as America's premier blues singer. No error
C --D-- E
22. Although her public writing may seem pompous, her
A
26, Aerobic activities such as jogging or riding a bike are
private writing appears relaxed and eloquent, as in
A
B C
undoubtedly beneficial to health; even so, many
the letters to her husband concerning her
B C
people find i!. boring. No error
being working abroad. No error
D E
D E
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343
5 5 5 5 5
27. A fascinatingly intricate web of cracks and faults 31. In his new book, Quest for Adventure, the renowned
A B A
on the icy surface of Jupiter' s moon, Europa, British mountaineer Chris Bonington examines
may conceal an immense ocean. No error the past century's most remarkable expeditions,
C D E B
profiling such explorers including Neil Annstrong,
28. If you have any doubts that merchants are trying C D
A Thor Heyerdahl, and Maurice Herzog. No error
hard to meet the demands, however fl1volous, of E
B c
consumers, you should compare the cereal and juice 32. By 1966, American pop stars such as Bobby Rydell,
-A-
sections of a supermarket today with years ago. whose hit "Forget Him" is believed to have inspired
D
--B- C
No error the Beatles' song "She Loves You," had been largely
E D
eclipsed by British musical groups. No error
29. Her experience in writing mysteries and science E
A B
fiction served Leigh Brackett well when she 33. Farmers who grow citrus fruits know that in
C A
writes screenplays for movies such as The Big Sleep unseasonably cold weather they must protect
D B
and The Empire Strikes Back. No error their crops from potentially killing frost
E C
by providing it with extra sources of heat.
30. Just when the staff thought things were going smooth D
A
No error
at the newspaper, a crisis erupted that brought about E
B
changes in priorities. including increased attention to 34. The opponents of the bill were few but
C D A
sensational news. No error influential enough to prevent its being passed
E B C D
in the House. No error
E
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344
5 5 5 5 5
35. Of the following, which is the best revision of
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an sentence 2 (reproduced below) ? .
An example of this may be about people who
Read the passage and select the best answers for the are shy.
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (A) This example concerns shy people.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (B) Consider shy people.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (C) You could use shy people's social behavior
answers, follow the requirements of standard written as examples of it.
English. (D) A good example will be people who were
once shy.
(E) For example, people who are shy.
36. Of the following, which is the best version of
(1) It is inappropriate to judge people solely according sentence 3 (reproduced below) ?
to their behavior in social situations. (2) An example of this
may be about people who are shy. (3) If they do not know If they do not know a shy person, many people
a shy person, many people will jump to conclusions as will jump to conclusions as to why that person
to why that person is acting in this manner. (4) Take my is acting in this manner.
Uncle Roger, for example. (5) On first meeting my uncle, (A) (As it is now)
some people consider him either snobbish or a little (B) Many people misjudged shy people's actions
strange. because they did not know the person.
(6) Why will Uncle Roger be often labeled as a snob? (C) Many people have jumped to conclusions as
(7) The answer is simple. (8) Like other shy people, my to why someone shy, unknown to them, is
uncle does not feel comfortable with people he does not acting in this manner.
know well, and when he is introduced to strangers he does (D) Without knowing shy people, you are too
not have much to say. (9) People who meet him for the first hasty about their behavior.
time are offended. (10) They think he looks down at them. (E) Many people misinterpret the behavior of
(11) But Uncle Roger, because he feels uneasy, is simply shy people when they do not know them.
reluctant to talk about himself.
(12) Those who are not shy often cannot understand 37. In context, which of the following is the best way to
shyness. (13) Uncle Roger is labeled as strange by many phrase sentence 6 (reproduced below) ?
outgoing people who, because they cannot relate to his
behavior, fail to see my uncle's kindness and sense of Why will Uncle Roger be often labeled as a snob?
humor. (14) Not all people act the way they think and feel. (A) (As it is now)
(B) Why do some people label Uncle Roger a snob?
(C) Will Uncle Roger always be labeled a snob?
(D) He should not be labeled a snob.
(E) People should not have labeled him a snob.
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5 5 5 5 5
38. Of the following, which is the best way to revise the 39. In context, which of the following is the best sentence
underlined portion of sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced to add after sentence II ?
below) ?
(A) Uncle Roger and I have had long talks on many
People who meet him for the first time are offended. occasions.
They think he looks down at them (B) Uncle Roger attended college following the
Second World War.
(A) offended, and their thought is that he is looking
(C) He and my mother are two very different people:
down at them
one is shy, the other outgoing.
(B) offended: they think that he has looked down on
(D) People never, therefore, find out how warm-
themselves
hearted he really is.
(C) offended; therefore, they think that he looks down
(E) Think of all the misunderstood people in
at strangers
this world.
(D) offended because they think that he is looking
down on them
(E) offended, their thinking is that he looked down
on them
STOP
-37-
346
FORMW
CRmCAl WRITING
MATH
READING SKillS

1. 8 1. C 1. 0
2. 0 2. 8 2. A
3. C 3. E 3. E
4. 0 4. 8 4. 0
5. C 5. A 5. 8
6. 8 6. C 6. A
7. E 7. E 7. 8
8. 0 8. A 8. E
9. 8 9. 8 9. A
10. E 10. A 10. 0
11 . 0 11 . C 11 . 0
12. 8 12. 8 12. 8
13. B 13. E 13. C
14. E 14. e 14. C
15. A 15. 0 15. E
16. C 16. 0 16. B
17. e 17. B 17. E
18. A 18. 0 18. B
19. 0 19. A 19. 0
20. E 20. 0 20. 0
21 . A 21 . C
22. B 22. 0
23. E 23. E
24. B 24. e
25. B
Section 3 Section 4 26. 0
25. 0 21 . B 27. E
26. C 22. E 28. 0
27. 8 23. e 29. 0
28. e 24. A 30. A
29. e 25. A 31. 0
30. e 26. B 32. E
31. E 27. 0 33. 0
32. e 28. B 34. E
33. 0 29. 33.5 or 67/2 35. B
34. C 30. 2 36. E
35. E 31 . 0 37. B
36. 0 32. 10 38. 0
37. A 33. 82 39. 0
38. e 34. 1050
39 . 0 35. 0/1 <x<1 /2
40. A 36. 72
41 . A 37. 144
42. E 38. 2.5 or 5/2
43. A
44. C
45. 0
46. C
47. E
48. B
347
5 5 5 5 5
SECTIONS
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 2. Because we knew that koalas get most of their water
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence from the succulent eucalyptus leaves they eat, there
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of W---1lS_ll0 surprise to us to learn that "koala" is an
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the Aboriginal word meaning "no drink animal."
(A) there was no surprise to us to learn
(B) it is no surprise for us in learning
(C) we were not surprised to learn
. CD) not surprisingly we learned
In making your selection, follow the requirements of (E) no surprise came to us learning
choice of words, sentence constlUction. and punctuation. 3. Conflict-resolution programs teach children how to
Your selection should result in the most effective listen, think critically, and problem solving skills
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness Of basic to learning and getting along with others.
ambiguity.
(A) teach children how to listen, think critically, and
EXAMPLE: problem solving
(B.) teaching children how to listen, thinking critically,
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book and problem solving
and she was sixty-five years old then. (C) that leach children how to listen, think critically,
and problem solving
(D) teach children listening. to think critically, and
solve problems
(E) teach children how to listen, think critically, and
solve problems
Ci0e©®®
4. In 1943 Abraham Maslow published an influential
paper in whicM. analvzed human mptivation in terms
1. In September 2000, sisters Serena and Venus Williams of a hierarchy of needs.
represented the United States in tennis at the Olympic
Games in Sydney, that beinl> when they took the gold (A) paper in which it analyzed human motivation
medal in women's doubles. (B) paper where it analyzed human motivation
(C) paper that analyzed human motivation
(A) that being when they took (D) paper, it analyzed human motivation
(B) where they took (El paper, human motivation was analyzed
(C) of which they took
(D) where, taking
(E) they took
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348
5 I 5 5 5 5
S. i n African an. which was a romary-source of 8. Since he is hungo: and having no mane\" Jean Valjean
.inspiration for painter L ois MaHou Jones. it offered steals a loaf of bread early in Victor Hugo's novel.
a wealth of forms~shl\l2e'i, colors. and pattetm.
(A) Since he is hungry and having no money
(A) In African art. which was a primary source (Bl Hungry and with the lack of money
of inspiration for painter Lois Mailou Jones, (C} Being hungry and he has no money
it offered a wealth of forms, shapes, colors, ,(D) Because he is hungry and has no money
and patterns. (m Motivated by being hungry and no money
(B) In African art. a primary source of inspiration,
offering painter Lois Mailou Jones a wealth 9. Big John Patton, a soul jazz organ player of the
of forms, shapes, colors, and patterns. 1960s, often <kl!arted from its_aesthetic traditions when
(C) African art, for painter Lois MaHou Jones, cJl!l'llLorati!1&:-witl! experimental jazz musicians.
offered her a primaty source of inspiration,
( A) often departed from its aesthetic traditions
a wealth of forms, shapes, colors, and patterns.
when collaborating with
(D) African art, with its wealth of forms, shapes,
colors, and patterns, offering painter Lois (El he often departs from its aesthetic traditions
Mailau Jones a primary source of inspiration. when collaborating with
(C) collaborates, often departing from the aesthetic
(E) For painter Lois Mailou Jones, African art was
traditions of soul jazz with
a primary source of inspiration, offering a
(D) when he collaborated, often departs from the
wealth of forms, shapes, colors, and patterns.
aesthetic traditions of soul jazz with
(E) often departed from the aesthetic traditions of
6. Temperatures are often higher in the city than in the
soul jazz when he collaborated with
countryside because stone. brick. and asphalt '
absorb sunlight, while grr:en leaves reflected it.
10. Circulation of Englis.h.new~rs gre'l'.to
(A) while green leaves reflected it ul1J!Iecedented numbers after the emergence
(BY 'whereas green leaves reflect it of the halfpenny newspaper in the 189Os .
. (C) rather than green leaves reflecting it
(A) Circulation of English newspapers grew to
(D) instead of it being reflected by green leaves
(E) but it was retlected by green leaves unprecedented
(B) The circulating of English newspapers was
unprecedented, it grew to
7. Among the great twentieth-century authors to write
(e) The circulation of English newspapers
about the conditions of modern life were T. S" Eliot.
unprecedentedly h'a ve grown in
whose poems. plays, and essays describe the quest for
(0) Circulation grew for English newspapers,
meaning in a society devoid of substance.
unprecedented in
(A) life were T. S. Eliot, whose (E) English newspapers' circulation has grown
(B) life was T. S. Eliot, whose to unprecedented
(C) life were T. S. Eliot, who in
(D) life was T. S. Eliot, who in his
(E) life, T. S. Eliot in his

349
·5 5 5 5 5
11. La_ding the infllr!!!l!1ion to make approprial!' dedslolls. 14. Increasingly aware of the mosquito's role in
the local schoo] admlnjstrators_found it dif(icult to transmitting certain dis~ases. a.nd fe..atLng of an
implement the sweeping educational reform law. epidemic, the mayor finally decided to drain the
town pond.
(A) Lacloing the information to make appropriate
decisions, the local school administrators (A) diseases, and fearing of an epidemic
found it difficult to (B) :diseases and because of being fearful
(B) Lacking the information to make appropriate about an epidemic
decisions was why local school administrators (C) - diseases and fealflll of an epidemic
found it difficult to (D) diseases, while fearing an epidemic
(C) Because of lacking the information to make (E) -diseases, the fear of an epidemic
appropriate decisions, local school
administrators had difficulty to 15. Although h~ cQmposed man~ of the most pOPlllar
(D) Difficult to implement, the local school son!:s of the twentieth cJ;:.!llury~ but Irving Berlin never
administrators lacked the information to learned t.o read music.
make appropriate decisions and
(A) Although he composed many of the most popular
(E) -Local school administrators who lacked the
songs of the twentieth century, but Irving Berlin
information to make appropriate decisions
and were finding it difficult to
never learned to read music.
(B) Despite never learning to read music, many of
the most popular songs of the twentieth century
12. The struggling theater may have to shut down soon
were composed by Irving Berlin.
because most of its money has been spent and
{C) Even though he never learned to read music,
there iS Jm i.nsufficieIlC.Y of new illcome .C..oJmng in
Irving Berlin composed many of the most
to pay expenses.
popular songs of the twentieth century.
(A) there is an insufficiency of new income (D) Irving Berlin composed many of the most popular
coming in songs of the twentieth century despite how he
(B) insufficient new income coming never learned to read music.
(C) an insufficiency of income (m Irving Berlin, though he composed many of the
(D) its income is insufficient there most popular songs of the twentieth century,
(E) ) its income is insufficient he never learned to read music.
13. Hearing no objections from property holders at the 16. Dove Cottage, near Grasmere, England, was
meeting, the tQWJ1 council's v_o....te.. was in Javor of home to the poet William Wordsworth for eight
closing off BrllJ!ley Str~-"t to cars. years: today. it is a major tourist attraction.
1A) the town council's vote was in favor of closing (A) years; today, it is
off Bradley Street to cars (B) years, thus making him
(B) the town council voted to close Bradley Street (C) years, now being
to cars (D) years; today,
(C) a vote in favor of closing Bradley Street to _(E) years, it is now
cars was made by the town council
(D) approval to close Bradley Street to cars was
voted by the town council
(E) the town council, voting, favored to close
Bradley Street to cars
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350
5 5 5 5 5
17. The effects of chemical fertilizers with high levels of 19. The new medical school is accepting applications
phosphate are more harmful than QrKanlc iertili~Js. from around the world._there will be 200 places in
the entering class.
(A) organic fertilizers
. (B) with organic fertilizers {A} world, there will be
(C») those of organic fertilizers (B) world, it will have
(D) when organic fertilizers are used (C). world, and there would be
.(E) if one uses organic fertilizers - (D) world; with
(E) world for the
18. One argumentinfavorofan·annual family picnic,
which would include relatives from across the state. 20. Harriet Beecher Stowe was renowned not only in the
bequs.l'$ettin~ t~ether in other ways is so difficult. United States but also in .EuroJ)e~ in Rome she could
seldom walk through the streets unrecognized.
(AJ state, because getting together
(8) state; because to get together (A) Europe: in
(e) state, is that getting together (B) Europe; still, in
(D) state is getting together (C) Europe, not even in
(El state, that is because to get together (D) Europe, in
(E) Europe, including in
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351
5 5 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 24. Buffy Sainte-Marie, a member of the Cree Nation,
composing -;'1I!0w That the Buffalo's Gone," thought
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the A. B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the by some to be the finest Native American protest
written English. song of the 1960s. No error
o E
EXAMPLE:
25. Although we may regard China ~ one huge country,
ABC A
accepted the resolution drafted by the they are a.la)1d of 56 nationalities, some of which
o C
neutral states. No error are ethnically related to cultural groups found
E
o
elsewhere in Central and Southeast Asia. No error
21. In recent years, the number of women who E
A
26. Although Marion had made a commitment to finish
practice veterinary medicine, a profession once
A
B
the painting by September, she had neither the energy
almost exclusively male, has rapid) increased.
B
C o Of the inclination to continue working on it. No error
No error
C o E
E
27. When the workers finally rebelled, issues that
22. Now on display at the civic museum ~ several A
A B
had been dormant for years suddenly assume
beautiful prints from Central America depicting B C D
C
new importance. No error
children at play. No error E
o E
28. Twigs and fallen leaves smother emerging grass and
23. He emerges from this biography as a charismatic A
A
so should be kept off the lawn, but it also provides)
figure whose impulsiveness is as likely to lead B C
B
the perfect insulation against cold and frost for
his company into disaster than to prppel ~ to
C 0
-----n-
flowers and shrubs. No error
new heights of commercial success. No error E
E

352
"r
5 5 5 5 5
!
29. Nineteenth-century artist Rosa Bonheur won critical 32. In the middle of the eighteenth century, American
acclaim, particularly for her animal studies, and surveyors such as George Washington created
A B A
becoming 'the first woman to receive the Grand Cross maps that were much more accurate than
C o B
of the French Legion of Honor; No error previous mapmakets- because of dramatic
E C o
improvements in surveying techniques. No elTor
30. There are dozens of constitutional monarchies in the E
A
world, but their kings and queens are, in most cases, 33. Before he found his current job, Edward had spent
B C A
nothing more than a figureheail No error several miserable years working in a large commercial
D E
bakery where the expression of outrageously
31. Central to Dr. Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot's 1994 book
B
A offensive opinions were as common as saying
are the lives of six Black Americans who, during
C o
B "hello." No error
extended conversations with the author over several
E
C
years, shared with her their memories, struggles, and 34. Feeling that the committee had too hastily decided
-A- B C
o
dreams. No en-or several important issues, Councilman Chambers
E
asked for further consideration be given to his
o
colleague's proposal. Noerror
E
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353
5 5 5 5 5
35. Which of the following sentences is best to insert
Directions: The following passage is an eady draft of an between sentences 1 and 2 ?
(A) Sometimes people who don't like to read poetry
Read the passage and select the best answers for the find out that they enjoy listening to it when
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular it is read aloud.
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (B) The first one I attended was in my own
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you hometown.
to consider organization and development. In choosing (C) People from all around the state come to the
answers, follow the requirements of standard written Downtown Summer Festival.
English. (D) Students, in particular, are attracted to poetry
readings.
Questions 35-39 refer to the following passage. (Ej The range of events offered this year at the
Downtown Summer Festival was more
(1) Have you ever been to a poetry slam? (2) I saw impressive than ever.
the event listed on the schedule of the Downtown Summer
Festival, and I decided to go just to satisfy my curiosity. 36. Which of the following revisions is most needed in
(3) Even before sitting down, the decision was to stay only sentence 3 (reproduced below) ?
for a few minutes. (4) I have always loved poetty, but even Even before sitting down, the decision was to stay only
good poems can sound dull when people read them aloud for a few minutes.
in a flat, singsong voice.
(5) The slam-a talent show for poets- was going to (A) Delete "down".
be anything but dull. (6) The people signed up to read were (8) Insert "Furthermore" at the beginning.
perfonning their own poems, acting. shouting, waving their (C) ehange "only" to "merely".
arms, even darting around the room to the rhythm of the (D) .change "the decision was" to "I had decided".
words. (7) Volunteers from the audience acted as judges, (Ej. Insert "at the poetry slam" after "stay".
giving each poet a score. (8) Sometimes the judges agreed,
but often the scores were far apart. (9) To my surprise, the 37. Which of the following phrases should be inserted at
people in the audience booed or cheered the poets, the the beginning of sentence 5 (reproduced below) ?
judges, and even the referee. (10) They were not exactly The slam-a talent show for poets-was going
unruly. (11) The words and the body language of the poets to be anything but dull.
was causing the energy level in the room to go sky-high.
(12) After a few rounds, so being when only the finalists (Aj Consequently, I knew that
were left, the judges then announced the name of the poet .(B) Later, I reasoned that
with the highest score. (13) This year's winner, a boy who (C) Finally, I was anxious to see if
performed a poem comparing white-water rafting to the (D)' I could see, however, that
rough but beautiful ride of life, was a student from my (El Nevertheless, I thought if
school. (14) I can hardly wait for next year's slam.
-36-
354
5 5 5 5 5
38. Which of the following is the best way to revise and 39. In context. what is the best way to deal with
combine sentences 10 and II (reproduced below) ? sentence 12 (reproduced below)?
They were not exactly unruly. The words and the body After afew rounds, so being when only the
language of the poets was causing the energy level in finalists were left, the judges then announced
the room to go sky-high. the name of the poet with the highest score.
(Al Because of the words and the body language (Ar - Leave it as it is.
of the poets, they were not exactly unruly, but {B) Place it after sentence 8.
the energy level in the room went sky-high. (C) Delete "so being when" and start a new
(B) The energy level in the room went sky-high due sentence after "left".
to the poets' words and body language, and even (D) Follow it with a sentence giving the name
then the audience are not exactly unruly. of the winning poet.
(C) Although not exactly unruly, the poets' words (E) Connect it to sentence 13 with a comma.
and body language makes the energy level in
the room sky-high.
(D) They were not exactly being unruly, the energy
level in the room was going sky-high because
of the words and body language of the poets.
(E) The audience was not exactly unruly. but the
poets' words and body language made the
energy level in the room go sky-high.
STOP
·37·
355
FORMS
CRITICAL WRITING
MATH
READING SKILLS

1. D 1. A 1. B
2. E 2. E 2. C
3. C 3. A 3. E
4. E 4. C 4. C
5. D 5. A 5. E
6. e 6. E 6. B
7. E 7. e 7. B
8. B 8. A 8. D
9. A 9. B 9. E
10. B 10. D 10. A
11 . B 11 . D 11 . A
12. e 12. D 12. E
13. A 13. A 13. B
14. e 14. A 14. e
15. E 15. C 15. e
16. B 16. B 16. A
17. D 17. D 17. e
18. B 18. E 18. e
19 . D 19. B 19. E
20 . e 20. B 20. A
21. E 21. ·See note below
22 22. B
2:<. " 23. C
24 . E " 24. A
25. B
Section 3 Section 4 26. C
25. A 21 .B 27. D
26. e 22. E 28. C
27. B 23. A 29. C
28. e 24. C 30. D
29. A 25. D 31. E
30. E 26. B 32. e
31. C 27. e 33. e
32. D 28. A 34. D
33. D 29. 1010 35. B
34 . E 30. 900 36. D
35 . D 31. 86 37. D
36. E 32. 5.50 38. E
37. A 33. 20 39. C
38. B 34. 50. 58.or82
39. D 35. 12
40. A 36. 2.5 or 512
41. E 37. 1/6, .166,
42 . A or .167
43. D 38. 312 or 1.5 ' Due to a printing error that affected
44. D a number of lest books, writing skills
45 . A question 21 was nol scored for any test
46. E taker. For more infonnalion, go to
47 . B www.collegeboard.com/psatistudent
48. A
356
5 5 5 5 5
SECTION S
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
The following sentences lest correctness and effectiveness 1. The plans for the old building was located by
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence Ms. Morimoto when she searched through
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of municipal records.
phmsing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) The plans for the old building was located
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If by Ms. Morimoto
you th ink the original phrasing produces a better sentence (8 ) Locating the plans for the old building, it
than any of the alternatives. select choice A; if not, select was Ms. Morimoto
onc of the other choices.
.
In making your selection, follow the requi rements of
(C) Located by Ms. Morimoto, who found the
plans for the old building
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, (D) Ms. Morimoto located the plans for the old
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. building
Your selection should result in the most effective (E) Ms. Morimoto who located the plans for the
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or old building
ambiguity.
2. Animals that live underground, like some salamanders,
EXAMPLE: havi n ~ been sheltered from surface storms and
extremes of temperature.
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her fi rst book
and she was sixty-five years old then. (A) having been
(8) that are
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (C) are
(8) when she was sixty-fi ve (D) they are
(C) at age sixty-five years old (E) being
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-fi ve years
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five 3. Drawing on the lore and tradition of her Laguna Pueblo
ev e ®®® heritage, amhor Leslie Marmon Silko writes extensive
on the theme of the interconnectedness of all things.
(A) Silko writes extensive
(B) Silko has written extensively
(C) Silko, having written extensively
(0 ) Silko, whose extensive writing
(E) Silko, she writes extensively
-30- I GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE;
357
5 5 5 5 5
4. CQo~ress passed a bjIJ tbat was designed to protect 6. The traditional music of India, with ils sustained
the delicate ecosystem of the United Slates prairies tones and improvisational melodic style, profoundly
before adjourning for the hQliday rece~s. influenced rock·and·roll music, they began with the
songs of the Beatles in the mid-1960s.
(A) Congress passed a bill that was designed
to protect the delicate ecosystem of the (A) they began with the songs of the Beatles
United Stales prairies before adjourning (B) it began with the songs of the Beatles
for the holiday recess. (C) beginning with the songs of the Beatles
(B) Congress passed a bill that was designed (D) the beginn ing was with the songs of the Seatles
to protect the delicate ecosystem of the (E) the Beatles began it with their songs
United Slales prairies before they
adjourned for the hol iday recess. 7. Octavio Paz ( 1914-1998) was a Mexican poet, kIi.tk..
(C) The bill passed by Congress was desig ned and he was a diplomat who won the Nobel Prize in
10 protect the delicate ecosystem of the Literature in 1990 for his poetry and essays.
United States prairies before adjourning
(A) critic, and he was a
for the holiday recess.
(8) critic and a
(0 ) Before adjourning for the holiday recess,
(C) cridc; he was also a
Congress passed a bill ~es i gned 10 prOlect
(D) critic, a
the delicate ecosystem orlhe United States
(E) critic, and
prairies.
(E) Before it adjoumed for the holiday recess, a
bill passed by Congress was designed to 8. Surprisingly, studies show that the longer the line
is at an ATM, it is less likely that .<;omeQoe will get
protect the delicate ecosystem of the
out of the line and leave.
United States prairies.
(A) it is less likely that someone will
5. Salvador Dali, a Spanish artist who pioneered the style (8) the less likely it is that someone will
known as SUrrealism and produces some of the best- (C) the likelihood decreased that someone would
known paintings of the twentieth century. (0) there is less of a likelihood for someone to
(E) someone who will be less likely to
(A) surrealism and produces
(B) surreal ism and produced
(C) surrealism. producing
(D) surreal ism, produced
(E) surrealism; he has produced
-31- I GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE)
358
5 5 5 5 5
9. During the 1992 Summer Olympics, the first held since 12. She had to overcome many rebuffs before heini
the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a loss of thejr admitted to Geneva Medical College in 1847.
national identity was felt by many fonner Soviet Elizabeth Blackwell went on to set up a medical
athletes. clinic devoted to women and childre n.
(A) a loss of their national identity was fell by many (A) She had to overcome many rebuffs before
former Soviet athletes being admitted
(B) national identity being lost was felt by many (B) She overcame many rebuffs before being
fonner Soviet athletes admitted
(C) it was fel t by many former Soviet athletes that (C) In overcoming many rebuffs before being
they had lost their national identity admitted
(D) thei r national identity felt lost to many fonner (D) Having overcome many rebuffs before
Soviet athletes being admitted
(E) many f ormer Soviet athleles fe lt a loss of national (E) After overcoming many rebuffs, she was
identity admitted
10. An outstanding warrior, a revered spiritual leader. and 13. When purchasjni a new car. buyers must consider
a wily politician, Sjnjne Bull wjlS cbosen as the whether he or she can afford insurance.
principal chief of the entire Sioux nation in 1867.
(A) When purchasing a new car, buyers must consider
(A) Sitting Bull was chosen as the principal chief of whether he or she can afford insurance.
the entire SiOlll( nation (B) When purchasing a new car, insurance must be
(B) Sitting BUll, chosen as the principal chief of the considered affordable to buyers.
entire Sioux nation (C) When purchasing new cars, buyers must consider
(C) the entire Sioux nation chose Sitting Bull as its whether they can afford insurance.
principal chief (D) When purchasing new cars, buyers must consider
(D) the entire Sioux nation, choosing Sitting Bull as whether insurance can be afforded by them.
the principal chief (E) When a new car is purchased, buyers must
(E) their choice for the principal chief of the entire consider whether one can afford their insurance.
Sioux nation was Sitting Bull
14. Unlike his predecessors, which were programmed to
11. A modem apProach to a timeless story. Michael walk from the outset, the buglike, solar-powered robots
Radford directs AI Pacino in The Merchant of Venice. invented by Mark Tilden can actually learn to walk by
means of trial and error.
(A) A modern approach to a timeless story. Michael
Radford d irects Al Pacino in The Merchant 0/ (A) Unlike his predecessors
Venice. (B) Unlike their predecessors
(B) As a timeless SIOry. Michael Radford takes a (C) Unlike previous inventors
modem approach to The Merchant of Venice, (D) Whereas their predecessors
directing AI Pacino. (E) The opposite of previous robots
(C) Directing Al Pacino in The Merchant o/ Venice,
Michael Radford takes a modem approach to a
timeless story.
(D) Michae l Radford, directing Al Pacino in The
Merchant o/Venice, he takes a modem approach
to a timeless story.
(E) In The Merchant of Venice. AI Pacino is directed
by Michael Radford, his approach to a timeless
story is modem .
·32·
359
5 5 5 5 5
15. In Thelonious Monk, one of the great innovators of 18. The cape buffalo plays a vital role in the ecology of
jazz music, biographer Lauren t de Wilde found a the grasslands when they eat tall, coarse grasses and
fascinacin2. if somewhat elusive, subject. thereby encouraging Ihe growth of the shorter, softer
grasses eaten by smaller animals.
(A) fasci nating, if somewhat elusive. subject
(B) fasc inaling subject, however, it was somewhat (A) grasslands when they eat
elusive (B) grasslands when it eats
(C) fasc inating subject, he was somewhat elusive (C) grasslands, eating
(D) somewhat elusive subject, it was fasci nating (D) grasslands, it eats
(E) subject that was fascinating although being (E) grasslands by thei r eating
elusive
19. The feli ne habit o f scratching vertical objects such as
16. There is some people whQ believe that talent in the tree trunks not only helps it to keep ils claws sharp but
arts of painting and creative writin& is hereditary also to mark its tenitory.
and cannot be taught.
(A) The fel ine habit of scratching venical objects such
(A) There is some people who believe that talent as tree trunks not onl y helps it to keep its
in the arts of painting and creative writing is (B) The feline habit to scratch vertical objects such as
(B) There are some people who believe thallalen! tree trunks helps it not only to keep its
in the arts of painting and creative writing are (C) The feline's habit of scratching vertical objects
(C) T here are some people believing that talent in such as tree trunks helps the m not onl y to keep
the ans of painting and creative writing are their
(D) For some people, talent in the arts of painting (D) Their habit of scratching venical objects such as
or creative writing are tree trunks helps the feline not only 10 keep their
(E) Some people believe Ihat talent in the art of (E) The habit of scratching venical objects such as
painting or creative writing is tree trunks helps the fe line not only 10 keep its
17. After viewing the presentation given by the coun ty 20. Were they to be told of the defendant's criminal
fire marshal, each of those attending Ihe meeting record, the jurors would be unable to consider
decided they would be a volunteer firefi~hter. the currenl case wilhout bias.
(A) they would be a volunteer firefighter (A) Were they to be told
(B) they will become volunteer firefighters (B) If they would have been told
(C) to be vol unteer firefi ghters (C) To tell them
(D) to become a volunteer firefighter (D) By telling them
(E) to become volunteer firefighters (E) By them being told
-33- I GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEl
360
5 5 5 5 5
The fo llowing sentences test your ability to recognize 23, In 1950 Gwendolyn Brooks won a Pulitzer Prize for
a single error or no error at aiL No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined Annie Allen, a series of sonnet·ballads draws upon
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the A B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the
the uni versal experiences of loneliness and loss
written English. to trace the maturation of an African American girl.
-C- D
EXAMPLE:
No error
The other delegates and him immediately E
ABC
accepted the resolution drafted by the 24, Basing it on a note found in Dorothy Wordsworth 's
D A -B-
diary, Rumer Godden's The Mousewije tells the
E
story of a housebound mouse that befrie nds

21. There was much speculation among the security staff C D
A a caged dove. No error
concerning about how someone had broken into the E
B C
secured building without setting orf any alanns. 25. The younger of three children , Michelle Kwan
D A
No error began skating at the age of fi ve and soon proved

E B C
a better skater than either of her siblings. No error
22. Understanding the difference between c riti c i~m D E
A
and insult enhances one's abi lity to engage in 26. Although best known for her voice·over work in
A B -C-
BCD
construc tive argument. No error Japanese cartoons. actress Kyoko Kishida also starred
E D
in the bleak 1964 film Woman inlhe Dunes. Nocrror
E
-34- IGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE;
361
5 5 5 5 5
27. Though we can only admire the tennis star for his 31. Although it has long been established that colds are
A 8 A
exceptional play, we need not be oblivious fro m caused only by viruses, many people persist in the
C D 8 C
his rude behavior on the coun. No error erroneous belief that it can be contracted through mere
E D
exposure to cold air. No error
28. Departing from the largely ceremonial role E
A 8
traditionally assigned to the First Lady, 32. Deadliest among all spiders indigenous to the United
C A
Eleanor Roosevelt used her position States is the black widow, whose venom is fourteen
8
to promote social refonn. No error times more toxic than a rattlesnake. No error
D E C D E
29. Once a model of corporate efficiency, the company 33. Our instructor repeatedly insured us that our
A A
had by the late 1990s become so large and harnesses, cables, and other climbing equipment
B 8
bureaucratic 10 where it could no longer had been checked many times and would not fail.
C C D
compete with smaller fi nns. No error No error
D E E
30. James Austen, brother of the novelist Jane Austen 34. Egypt's chief archaeologist has repon ed
A
and himself a writer, may have played a larger role the discovery of a pyramid thought to be built
A -8- 8 -C-
in the development of his sister's skills than some 4,300 years ago for the founder of the
C D
have been acknowledged by scholars. No error Old Kingdom's Sixth Dynasty. Noerror
D E E
-35- I GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE)
362
5 5 5 5 5
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an 35. In context. which of the followi ng is the best way to
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. revise and combine sentences I. 2. and 3 (reproduced
below) ?
Read the passage and select the beSI answers for the
questions that follow . Some questions are about particular Six chimpanzees were trained by researchers ill the
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve 1940s. Th e chimpanzees were trailled 10 operate a
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you vending machine. They inserted a plastic poker chip
[0 consider organization and development. In choosing into ils slot, and a grape was dispensed every time.
(A) Six chimpanzees were trained by researchers in
English. the I 940s; they operated a vending machine and
dispensed a grape every time a plastic poker
Questions 35-39 r efer to the following passage. chip was inserted into its slot.
(B) T rained by researchers in the 1940s, a vending
(1) Six chimpanzees were trained by researchers in machine operated by six chi mpanzees dispensed
the 19405. (2) TIle chimpanzees were trained to operate a grape every time a plastic poker chip was
a vending machine. (3) They inserted a plastic poker inserted into its slot.
chip into ilS slot. and a grape was dispensed every time. (C) In the 1940s, researchers trained six chimpall7..ees
(4) Before being trained. the chimps had held poker chips to operate a vending machine that would
in low esteem. (5) As soon as the chimps learned to use di spense a grape every time a plastic poker chip
the vending machine, the poker chips acquired greal was inserted into its slot.
value. becoming objects not only of interest but also of (D) Operating a vending machine in the 1940s, six
contention. chimpanzees were trained by researchers and
(6) In the next stage of the experiment. a handful of were dispensed a grape every time a plastic
poker chips and brass slugs was thrown onto the floor of poker chip was inserted into its slot.
their cage, and the chimps seized both with equal zeal. (E) Researchers trained six chimp:mzees in the 1940s;
(7) The slugs would fit the slot but would not cause the when they operated a vending machine. they
vending machine to discharge its grapes. (8) After just inserted a plastic poker chi p into its slot and had
a few days. even the least intelligent of the ch impanzees a grape dispensed every time.
had learned to differentiate between real money and
counterfeit coinage. (9) Now. when a mixture of chips and 36. In context. which of the following is the best revision
slugs was tossed among them, the six chimps scrambled of the underlined portion of sentence 5 (reproduced
mad ly for the plastic chips, stealing them from one another below) ?
whenever possible. & soon (IS the chimps learned to lise the vending
(10) Some an imal behaviorists conclude that the lIlachine. the poker chips acqllired greal va/lie,
experiment shows chimpanzees 10 he capable of symbolic becoming objects not only of interest bllt also of
reaso ning. (I I) Each poker chip. they claim. came to COli/eli/ion.
represcnt the value of a single grape in each chimp's
(A) Not so: as
system of economic thought. just as a quaner might
(B) However, as
represent the value of a piecc of cand y in the mind of
(C) Although as
a human child. (12) O thers contend that the experiment
(D) In short. as
demonstrates nothing more than the chimpanzee's wcll-
(E) T herefore, as
known ability to usc simple tools.
-36- I GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE;
363
5 5 5 5 5
37. In context, which of the foll owing is the best revision 39. In context. which o f the following sentences would
of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced be most appropriately placed immediately after
below) ? sentence 12 ?
The slugs wOIf/dftt 'he slot hilt would not cause the (A) They point out that chimpanzees are not the only
~'endillg IIwchille to discharge ilS grapes. apes capable of tool use.
(8 ) Chimpanzees are native to central Africa. where
(A) slugs, for example. would
they are now classified as an endangered
(B) slugs. on the other hand, would
species.
(e) slugs. so 10 speak, would
(C) Still others argue that the human use of coi ns
(D) slugs, it turned out. would
originated amo ng the Ionian Greeks sometime
(E) Slugs. as a result, would
around 700 B.C.
(D) Using poker chips to get grapes from a machine.
38. Which of the fo llowing, if placed immediately before
they maintain, is comparable to using a stick to
sentence 10. would best introduce the third paragraph
knock figs out of a tree.
(sentences 10- (2) ?
(E) They would challenge the conclusion that the use
(A) The results of the poker chip experiment have o f coins causes aggression in chimpanzees.
been variously interpreted.
(8) Because of thei r high inielJigence and manual
dexterity. chimpanzees were considered ideal
subjects for this experiment.
(C) What. then, will chimpanzees learn to do next?
(D) It is important to bear in mind Ibat the
chimpanzees involved in the experiment differed
from one another in several respects.
(E) Going into the experiment. not everyone was
convinced that the chimps could learn to operate
a vending machine.
STOP
·37·
364
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365
5 5 I· 5 5 5
., SECTION 5
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness 2. Founded in 1903, Boley, Oklahoma, soon became the
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence largest predominantly African American town in the
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of western United States.
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) soon became
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) that soon became
you think the original phrasing produces a be~ter sentence (C) soon it became
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) soon becoming
one of the other choices. (E) soon
In making your selection, follow the requirements of 3. It is said that the Lydians, whose kingdom flourished
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, during the Iron Age, not only produced the first gold
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. and silver coins but also that the first permanent retail
Your selection should result in the most effective shops were est~blished by them.
ambiguity. (A) that the first permanent retail shops were
established by them
EXAMPLE: (B) that they established the first permanent
retail shops
Laura)ngalls Wilder published her first book (C) to establish the first permanent retail shops
and she was sixty-five years old then. (D) establishing the first permanent retail shops
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then (E) es tabli s~ed the first permanent retail shops
(C) at age sixty-five years old 4. Following a nationwide trend of declining profits for
urban retail tores, sales fit Rernko' s department store
have sagged, since this is the case, the store may have
to close.
0.@@® (A) sagged, since this is the case, the store may have
to close
1. Wishing to explore and celebrate the music of (B) sagged; as a result, the store may have to close
civilizations in Asia, Europe, and the ~iddle East, (C) sagged, the store may have to close because
cellist Y0 - Y0 Ma collaborating with other musicians of that
to create the Silk Road Project. l (D) sagged; as a result, they may have to close the
store
(A) collaborating with other musicians to create (E) sagged, and the store may have to close according
(B) collaborating with other musicians and creating
to this
(C) collaborated with oth%JllllSicians t.o create
(D) collaborated with other musicians and creating
(E) to collaborate with other musicians to create

-30-
366
5 5 5 5 ·5
5. The responsibilities of a student are sometimes as great 9. At the college's community garden, after it Was
as a teacher, even though the responsibilities are often created in 1995, students plant and harvest fruits
quite different. and vegetables, which they then distribute, along
with nutritional information, to families in the
(A) a teacher
neighborhood.
(B) for a teacher
(C) being a teacher (A) after it was created
(D) those of a teacher (B) by its creation
(E) a teacher has (C) being created
(D) which was created
6. If she would not have suent so much time away from (E) it was created
her home, Cai Wenji might never have composed
such beautiful songs of sorrow and loneliness. 10. Although bananas and plantains are related, plantains,
unlike bananas, must be cooked before they are eaten
(A) If she would not have spent
because they have an unpleasant, starchy taste
(B) Did she not spend
when raw.
(C) Had she not spent
(D) Unless she has spent (A) plantains, unlike bananas, must be
(E) Were she not to have spent (B) plantains, they are not like bananas, so they
have to be
7. Agarwood is a fragrant resin that the Aquilaria tree (C) plantains, being unlike bananas, you have to
producei) as a way to protect themselves from a fungal (D) unlike bananas, plantains, which must be
disease. (E) unlike bananas, you have plantains, which
must be
(A) . to protect themselves
(B) for them to be protected
11. Anthropologist and author Ella Cara Deloria recorded
(C) of it being protected
Dakota folktales, and a novel was written by her that
(D) of protecting itself
takes place in a nineteenth-century Dakota community.
(E) they are protected
(A) folktales, and a novel was written by her
8. Morgan Freeman and Tracey Ullman had the (B) folktales, she also wrote a novel
leading roles in an unconventional production (C) folktales, which she also wrote a novel
of Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew, it (D) folktales and wrote a novel
was set in the nineteenth-century American West. (E) folktales and writing a novel
(A) Shrew, it was set in the nineteenth-century
12. Much has been written about the fact that children
American West
who spend a great deal of time alone tend to be
(B) Shrew, which was set in the nineteenth-century
more imaginative as their socially active peers.
American West
(C) Shrew, it had the American West of the (A) as
nineteenth century as its setting (B) than
(D) Shrew whose setting was one of the (C) unlike
nineteenth-century American West (D) as opposed to
(E) Shrew, the American West of the (E) comparing to
nineteenth century as the setting

-31-
367
5 5 5 I 5 5
13. Immediately after the First World War, demands for 15. Dating to around 900 B.C., some archaeologists claim
reparations, along with a rapidly accelerating tate of that the recently discovered Mexican artifacts display
inflation, that threatens the stability of Germany's the earliest known writing in the Americas.
newly formed Weimar Republic.
(A) Dating to around 900 B.C., some archaeologists
(A) that threatens claim that the recently discovered Mexican
(B) threatening artifacts display the earliest known writing in
(C) threatens the Americas.
(D) threatened (B) Dating to around 900 B.C., the recently discovered
(E) has threatened Mexican artifacts that some archaeologists claim
display the earliest known writing in the
14. The award-winning plays of South African playwright Americas.
AtholFugard is as highly regarded in his native land (C) The recently discovered Mexican artifacts, which
as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet are in England. date to around 900 B.C., are claimed by some
archaeologists to be displaying the earliest
(A) is as highly regarded in his native land as Hamlet
known writing in the Americas.
and Romeo and Juliet are (D) Some archaeologists claim the earliest known
(B) is as highly regarded in his native land as are writing in the Americas, displayed by the
Hamlet and Romep and Juliet recently discovered Mexican artifacts, dating
(C) being as highly regarded in his native land as
to around 900 B.C.
Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet are (E) Some archaeologists claim that the recently
. (D) are as highly regarded in his native land as Hamlet discovered Mexican artifacts, which date to
and Romeo and Juliet are around 900 B.C., display the earliest known
(E) that are as highly regarded in his native land writing in the Americas.
as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet are
-32- [GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE>

368
5 5 5 5 5
16. When applying to be peer counselors, students 19. Queen Victoria's' rule over the United Kingdom
must demonstrate a genuine concern for others, lasted almost 64 years, longer than did ·any other
a nonjudgmental attitude toward peers, and that British monarch.
they know the basics about community resources.
(A) did any
(A) that they know the basics about community (B) has any
resources (C) that of any
(B) knowing the basics about community resources (D) by any
(C) know basics about resources in the community (E) any
(D) a basic knowledge of community resources
(E) that they have basic knowledge of community 20. Its growing population and cultural diversity makes
resources Istanbul one of the most dynamic cities in the world.
(A) diversity makes
17. As the mayor looked ahead to the next election,
(B) diversity has made
she was concerned that she might offend her closest
(C) diversity, making
s·upporters were she to accept measures currently
(D) diversity make
proposed by the opposition.
(E) diversity is what makes
(A) were she to accept
(B) if she would have accepted
(C) would she have accepted
(D) had she accepted
(E) if she will accept
18. Iron is important in the diet of a new mother, since

it helps maintain their energy level.
(A) maintain their
(B) them maintain her
(C) tn maintaining their
(D) her maintain one's
(E) her maintain her
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-33-
369
-....,
5 5 5 5 5
The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. Like most of the other wet and unhappy hikers on the
trail, Olivia would of stayed home to avoid the rain
B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the had she thought to consult the weather report.
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. C D
No error
written English.
E
EXAMPLE:
24. The television adaptation of Their Eyes Were Watching
ABC
accepted the resolution drafted by the God, starring Halle Berry, attracted more than
D -A- B C
24 million viewers and was the most-watched film
E
D
on any network inseveral years. No error

21. While tie-dyeing is a method of fabric decoration that E
A
many people associate with the hippie culture of the 25. Arguably, the greatest strength of Margaret Atwood's
B A
1960s, but it was used centuries ago in Japan, Peru, Alias Grace lies in its elegantly and evocative
-C D B
West Africa, and elsewhere. No error descriptions of the domestic activities that
E C
once occupied Victorian servants. No error
22. Before she won the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, D E
the most challenging of all sled dog races, 26. Despite its small size, an ant is capable to lift objects
---p;:- 13 A B
Susan Butcher had drove a team of huskies to up to 50 times its own weight. No error
C -C D E
the summit of Mount McKinley. No error

D E

370
...
5 5 5 5 5
'J
27. Canada, which had been a colony of England since 31. The ever increasing use of petroleum and other
A
1763, did not attain complete independence until carbon-based fuels have so exacerbated the
B . A B
1982, when Canadians were finally granted the legal problem of environmental pollution that a drastic
C C
authority to amend their constitution. No error solution may soon be necessary. No error
D E D E
28. Although many animals can run fast, horses achieve it 32. Morph, Inc., like other similar vendors, designs
A A
with more elegance than most, mainly because business courses that help train individuals
B B
a horse's legs are disproportionately long and to improve his or her technological expertise.
C C D
not excessively burdened with muscle. No error No error
D E E
29. Celia was eager to discuss her latest exhibit, a blank 33. The environmental benefits of buying a new hybrid
A B A
canvas onto which many muted colors are projected car that can run on either gasoline or electricity was
C B C
when flipping a switch to activate an array of ceiling not fully explained in the automobile dealer's
D D
lights. No error brochure. No error
E E
30. The local paper cited both the bad weather and 34. The qachshund is perhaps a little more excitable
A A
the poor media coverage as a reason for the than the spaniel, but either of these dogs wouJd make
B B
unexpectedly poor turnout at the most recent excellent pets for a family with small children.
C D C D
county fair. No error No error
E E
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-35-
371
5 5 5 5 5
35. In context, which of the following sentences would
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an best be inserted between sentences 2 and 3 ?
(A) Strip malls were designed for efficiency and
Read the passage and select the best answers for the convenience.
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular (B) Suburban architecture was criticized not only by
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve Gruen but also by other architects.
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (C) Gruen's opinion of America was formed by his
to consider organization and development. In choosing studies of architecture at the Vienna Academy of
answers, follow the requirements of standard written Fine Arts.
English. (D) Gruen was particularly troubled by the strip malls,
which he considered soulless.
Questions 35-39 refer to the following passage. (E) Arriving at the strip malls, shoppers would enter a
store, make a purchase, and leave when the
(1) In the early 1950s, suburban landscapes in shopping errand was finished.
the United States featured widely scattered housing
developments interspersed with strip malls-rows of 36. In context, which of the following is the best revision
adjoining shops that opened onto large parking lots. of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced
(2) An immigrant Austrian architect, Victor Gruen, below) ?
found this style of living desolate. (3) Hoping to alleviate Because he intends to achieve this goal, he placed
suburban emptiness, Gruen envisioned a new kind of large department stores on each end of the mall to
suburban shopping center that would offer not only serve as "anchor" buildings that encouraged shoppers
commerce but also community. to stroll from one end of the mall to the other.
(4) The Southdale Mall in Edina, Minnesota, completed
in 1951, exemplified Gruen's design . (5) Unlike its (A) Among the mall's many stores
predecessors, this. mall enclosed its stores within a large, (B) To try at achieving this
self-contained building. (6) Gruen wanted to encourage (C) However
people to linger and browse iu the mall. (7) Because he (D) For one thing
intends to achieve this goal, he placed large department (E) With this aim in mind
stores on each end of the mall to serve as "anchor"
buildings that encouraged shoppers to stroll from-one 37. In context, which of the following is the best way to
end of the mall to the other. (8) Gruen felt that the public revise and combine sentences 11 and 12 (reproduced
'should experience the mall as more than a shopping below) at the underlined words?
destination. (9) He modeled its central areas on the In addition, he placed benches and tables at many
European towns he remembered where people could places in the mall. They made it possible for people to
stroll down a promenade and meet their neighbors at sit and talk.
a cafe. (10) To make the mall a comfortable setting for
socializing, Gruen placed in its center a garden court filled (A) af many places, 'where it was possible for him to
with amusements, sculptured trees, and a twenty-one-foot sit and talk in the mall
(B) at many places in the mall, making sitting and
cage filled with birds. (11) In addition, he placed benches
talking a possibility for them
and tables at many places in the mall. (12) They made it
(C) throughout the mall, making it possible for people
possible for people to sit and talk.
to sit and talk
(13) The effect of Gruen's malls was to exacerbate the
(D) all throughout the mall, and people can sit
very suburban tendencies he abhorred. (14) Their success ·
and talk
ultimately fostered more strip mall development and more
(E) all over the mall, where they could be sitting
suburban sprawl.
and talking

372
5 5 5 5 5
38. In context, which of the following is best to insert at 39. In context, where would the following sentence best
the beginning of sentence 13 (reproduced below) ? be placed?
The effect of Gruen 's malls was to exacerbate the very People could walkfrom store to store in a climate-
suburban tendencies he abhorred. controlled environment, free from the commotion of
cars and traffic.
(A) Ironically,
(B) Conversely, (A) After sentence 1
(C) As a result, (B) After sentence 5
(D) Alternatively, (C) After sentence &-,..
(E) Lately, (D) After sentence 9
"
STO P '
-37-
373
critical reading mathematics writing skills
374
·: 16.E . ·: 46.C ·: 16.E ·: 29.4000 ·: 16.0 ·: 31.A
1.0 : 31.A 1.A 1.C
··
2.B : 17.0 :, 32.0 : 47.C 2.B : 17.B i 30. 22,23 or 24 2.A : 17.A : 32.0 ·
·· ,
·· ·· · ·· ·· ··
3.E
·: 18.A :, 33.E
·: 48.B 3.0
·: 18.A ·: 31.27 3.E
·: 18.E ·: 33.C ·
4.C i 19.C i 34.B · 4.0 i 19.C i 32.109 4.B i 19.C i 34.C ·
·: 20.E ,
··· ·: 20.A ·: 33.2 ·: 20.0 ·: 35.0 ·
··
5.E :, 35.0 5.E 5.0
· · · · ·
6.C : 21.B :, 36.B 6.B : 21.A : 34. 1/4 or .25 6.C : 21.C : 36.E
7.0 ··: 22.B ,
: 37.0 ·· 7.C ··: 22.E ··: 35.4.50 7.0 ··: 22.C ··: 37.C ··
8.A i 23.0 i 38.C ·· 8.0 i 23.C i 36.30 8.B i 23.B i 38.A ··
9.A : 24.C
·
:, 39.A ·· 9.A : 24.B
·
: 37.50
·
9.0 : 24.E
·
: 39.B
· ··
10.0 : 25.A :, 40.E 10.A : 25.C : 38.2 10.A : 25.B
11.E ··: 26.C ,
: 41.C ·· 11.B ··: 26.E ·· 11.0 ··: 26.B ·· ··
12.C ·: 27 . B :, 42 . B
·· 12.C ·: 27 .0 ·· 12.B ·: 27 .E ·· ··
13.B : 28.A :, 43.0 · 13.0 : 28.A · 13.0 : 28.A · ·
14.0 ··: 29.A ,
: 44.B ·· 14.B ·· ·· 14.0 ··: 29.0 ·· ··
15.A 30.B 45.B 15.E 15.E 30.B

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Roy老师的

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experience in the decades following the Civil War.

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