BLOOD DONATION

• Types:
VOLUNTARY BLOOD • Whole Blood donation
• Apheresis
DONATION

DONORS DONOR SCREENING

• TYPES • Process of ensuring the safety of both the patient and donor
• Autologous

• Allogenic
• Voluntary Non Remunerated Donors-safest type of blood
• Directed Donors- have the same blood type of the patient
• Paid Donors- unsafest
1. Donor Registration
• Must confirm donor’s identity and must link the donor existing record. • Age or Date of Birth
• Need for Identification card (ID) ◦17 years old and above, (17y/o Must have parent’s consent )
• List of information used in the registration process: • Donor’s consent
◦Name (First, Last, MI)
• Additional information:
◦Date and time of donation
◦Name of patient for whom the blood is intended
◦Address
◦Race
◦Telephone
◦Cytomegalovirus status
◦Gender
◦Age or Date of Birth

2. Medical History Medical History Questions

• Essential to ensure protection of the donor and benefit to the
recipient
• The questionnaire was designed to be self-administered by the
donor but if preferred may be administered by a trained medical
historian or physician
• The interviewer should be familiar with the question.
• The interview should be conducted in a secluded area.
• Have you donated blood in the past 8 weeks or plasma in the past 48
hours?
• In the past 12 months have you been under a doctors care, been
pregnantsor had a major illness or surgery? If yes, what and when?
• Do you currently have an infection or are you taking antibiotics for an
infection?
• Have you ever had heart problems, lung problems (other than
asthma) or a bleeding problem?
 3. Physical Examination
• Have you ever had hepatitis? If yes, when? • General appearance
• Weight: mandates a maximum of 10.5ml of blood/kg
• Have you ever had a positive test for HIV?
◦110Ibs (50kg)
• In the past 48 hours, have you taken aspirin or anything with aspirin ◦If donor is less than 110Ibs:
in it? • Temperature: Orally should not exceed 99.5’F or 37.5’C
• In the past 6 weeks, have you been pregnant or are you pregnant • Pulse: 50 to 100beats per minutes
now? • Blood Pressure: No greater than 180mmHg Systolic
• In the past 8 weeks have you had any vaccinations or other shots? ◦Diastolic: no greater than 100mmHg
Have you had contact with someone who had a small pox • Hematocritand Hemoglobin:
vaccination? ◦38% Hct(12.5g/dLHgb)

Types of Deferral PERMANENT DEFERRALS

• TEMPORARY DEFERRALS • HIV, HBV, or HCV positive
• Certain immunizations
• Protozoan diseases such as Chagas disease or Babesiosis
• 2 weeks -MMR, yellow fever, oral polio, typhoid
• 4 weeks -Rubella, Chicken Pox • Received human pituitary growth hormone
• 2 months – small pox • Donated only unit of blood in which a recipient contracted HIV or HBV
• Pregnancy – 6 weeks upon conclusion • Was the only common donor in 2 cases of post-transfusion HIV or HBV in
• Certain medications recipient
• Proscar/Propecia, Accutain – 1 month
• Lived in a country where Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is prevalent
• Avodart – 6 months
Soriatane – 3 years • Most cancers except minor skin cancer and carcinoma in-situ of the cervix
• Tegison - permanent • Severe heart disease, liver disease
BLOOD COLLECTION WHOLE BLOOD COLLECTION

• Donor Identification
• Aseptic technique
• Post-donation instructions
• Donor reactions
◦Mild reactions
◦Moderate reactions
◦Severe reactions

BLOOD COLLECTION UNIT

• Materials used are sterile and single use.
• Most important step is preparing the site to a state of almost surgical
cleanliness.
• Bacteria on skin, if present, may grow well in stored donor blood and
cause a fatal sepsis in recipient
• Use 16-17 gauge needle to collect blood from a single venipuncture
within 15 minutes
• Collect 450 +/- 45 mLs of blood
DONOR REACTIONS POST-PHLEBOTOMY CARE
• Syncope (fainting)
• Remove needle immediately • Donor applies pressure for 5 minutes
• Hyperventilation • Check and bandage site
• Have donor rebreathe into paper bag. • Have donor sit up for few minutes
• Nausea/vomiting
• Have donor report to refreshment area for additional 15 minutes of
• Twitching/muscle spasms monitoring
• Hematoma
• Convulsions – rare, get immediate assistance
• Cardiac difficulties

POST-PHLEBOTOMY INSTRUCTIONS PROCRESSING OF DONOR’S BLOOD

• Eat/drink before leaving • ABO/Rh
• Wait until staff releases you • Antibody Screen
• Drink more fluids next 4 hours • HBsAg
• No alcohol until after eating • Anti-HBc
• Refrain from smoking for 1 hour • Anti-HCV and NAT
• If bleeding continues apply pressure and raise arm • Anti-HIV-1/2 and NAT
• Faint or dizzy sit with head between knees • Anti-HTLV-I/II
• WNV RNA
• Abnormal symptoms persist contact blood center.
• Syphilis
• Remove bandage
• Malaria
RESULTS OF TESTING

• Tests for disease markers must be negative or within normal limits.

• Donor blood which falls outside these parameters must be
quarrantined.
• Repeat testing, if still abnormal must dispose. END OF SLIDES