risk that a driver will lose control of the vehicle because superelevation sustains nearly all the lateral

ac-
celeration at the average running speed, and considerable side friction is available for greater speeds. On
the other hand, Method 1, which avoids use of maximum superelevation for a substantial part of the range
of curve radii, is also desirable. In Method 5, a curved line (Curve 5, as shown within the triangular work-
ing range between Curves 1 and 4 in Figure 3-7A) represents a superelevation and side friction distribu-
tion reasonably retaining the advantages of both Methods 1 and 4. Curve 5 has an asymmetrical parabolic
form and represents a practical distribution for superelevation over the range of curvature.

Superelevation rates that are applicable over the range of curvature for each design speed have been de-
termined for use in highway design. One extreme of this range is the maximum superelevation rate estab-
lished by practical considerations and used to determine the maximum curvature for each design speed.
The maximum superelevation may be different for different highway conditions. At the other extreme, no
superelevation is needed for tangent highways or highways with extremely long-radius curves. For curva-
ture between these extremes and for a given design speed, the superelevation should be chosen in such a
manner that there is a logical relation between the side friction factor and the applied superelevation rate.

The minimum rate of cross slope applicable to the traveled way is determined by drainage needs.
Consistent with the type of highway and amount of rainfall, snow, and ice, the usually accepted minimum
values for cross slope range from 1.5 percent to 2.0 percent (for further information, see Section 4.2.2
on “Cross Slope”). For discussion purposes, a value of 2.0 percent is used in this discussion as a single
value representative of the cross slope for paved, uncurbed pavements. Steeper cross slopes are generally
needed where curbs are used to minimize ponding of water on the outside through lane.

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