Lab Report

Course Title: Radio and TV Engineering Sessional

Course No: EEE 4118

Experiment No: 01
Experiment Name: Study of AM Transmitter

Date of Submission: 09/05/2023

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Md. Sajeed- ur -Rahman Tasnim Sarkar Joyeeta

Roll: 1801072 Lecturer

Section: B Department of Electrical &
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electronic Engineering RUET
Experiment No: 01
Experiment Name: Study of AM Transmitter.
Theory:
An AM (Amplitude Modulation) transmitter is an electronic device that is used to transmit
audio signals over long distances by modulating the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier
wave. The transmitter generates a high-frequency carrier wave, which is then modulated by the
audio signal to produce an AM signal that can be transmitted over the airwaves.

Fig 1.1: Basic Block Diagram of AM Transmitter.

The basic block diagram of an AM transmitter includes the following components;

Microphone: The microphone converts the sound waves into electrical signals. The electrical
signals are then amplified by the audio amplifier.
Audio Amplifier: The audio amplifier amplifies the electrical signals from the microphone to
a level that is suitable for modulating the carrier wave.
Modulator: The modulator combines the audio signal with a high-frequency carrier wave,
which results in the amplitude of the carrier wave being modulated in proportion to the audio
signal. The modulated carrier wave is then passed to the RF amplifier.
RF Amplifier: The RF amplifier amplifies the modulated carrier wave to a higher power level
that is suitable for transmission over the airwaves. The amplified signal is then passed to the
antenna.
Antenna: The antenna radiates the amplified modulated signal into the air, which can then be
picked up by an AM radio receiver.

Objective:
• To acknowledge basic components of an AM transmitter
• To learn how an AM transmitter operates.
Required Apparatus:

1. AM/DSB Transmitter Module KL-93061

2. DC Supply Module CI-18001
3. Oscilloscope (GWINSTEK GOS-6112)
4. Frequency Counter
5. Audio or Function Generator
6. Digital Multimeter
Experimental Setup:

Fig 1.2: AM/DSB Transmitter Module KL-93061.

Fig 1.3: Experimental setup for AM transmitter module.

Output Waveforms:

Fig 1.4: Output Signal from TP2. Fig 1.5: Output Signal from TP3.

Fig 1.6: Output Signal from TP4. Fig 1.7: Output Signal from TP5.

Fig 1.8: Output Signal from TP6. Fig 1.9: Output Signal from TP7.

Fig 1.10: Output Signal from TP8. Fig 1.11: Output Signal from TP9.
 Fig 1.12: Output Signal from TP10. Fig 1.13: Output Signal from TP11.

Fig 1.14: Output Signal from TP13.

Experimental Data table:

Voltage amplitude level at different TP point;
Connection of TP Voltage
TP1 2.0864
WHT 0.4 mV
TP2 12 V
TP3 1.46 V
TP4 12.06 V
TP5 12.21 V

TP6 1.93 V
TP7 1.67 V
TP8 1.4 V
Discussion & Conclusion:
In this lab, we studied the basic operation of an AM transmitter. We began by understanding
the fundamental concepts of amplitude modulation and how it can be used to transmit audio
signals over long distances.
We observed that the output of the microphone was a low-level signal, which needed to be
amplified before it could be used to modulate the carrier wave. The audio amplifier was used
to amplify the signal to a level that was suitable for modulating the carrier wave. We also
learned that the modulator was responsible for combining the audio signal with the carrier
wave, resulting in the amplitude of the carrier wave being modulated in proportion to the audio
signal. The modulated signal was then passed to the RF amplifier, which amplified the signal
to a higher power level that was suitable for transmission over the airwaves. Finally, the
amplified signal was radiated into the air using the antenna.
Through this lab, we gained a deeper understanding of the principles of AM transmission. This
knowledge is essential in the field of telecommunications.
Overall, this lab was a success, and we were able to observe the transmission of audio signals
over the airwaves using the AM transmitter.
 Lab Report
Course Title: Radio and TV Engineering Sessional
Course No: EEE 4118

Experiment No: 02
Experiment Name: Study of AM Receiver

Date of Submission: 09/05/2023

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Md. Sajeed- ur -Rahman Tasnim Sarkar Joyeeta

Roll: 1801072 Lecturer

Section: B Department of Electrical &
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electronic Engineering RUET
Experiment No: 02
Experiment Name: Study of AM Receiver.
Theory:
An AM (Amplitude Modulation) receiver is an electronic device that is used to receive and
demodulate the AM signal transmitted by an AM transmitter. The receiver extracts the
modulated audio signal from the received signal and amplifies it to produce an output that can
be heard on a speaker.

Fig.2.1: Basic Block Diagram of AM Receiver.

The basic block diagram of an AM receiver includes the following components;

Antenna: The antenna receives the modulated AM signal from the air and passes it to the
tuner.
Tuner: The tuner selects the desired frequency of the received signal and amplifies it to a level
that is suitable for demodulation. The tuner consists of an RF amplifier and a mixer, which
convert the received signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) that can be easily processed.
Demodulator: The demodulator extracts the modulated audio signal from the carrier wave.
The demodulator can be a diode detector or a synchronous detector, depending on the type of
receiver.
Audio Amplifier: The audio amplifier amplifies the demodulated audio signal to a level that
is suitable for driving a speaker. The audio amplifier can be a single-stage or multi-stage
amplifier, depending on the required level of amplification.
Speaker: The speaker converts the electrical signals into sound waves that can be heard by
the listener.

Objective:
• To acknowledge basic components of an AM Receiver.
• To learn how an AM Receiver operates.
Required Apparatus:

1. AM/DSB Receiver Module KL-93062

2. DC Supply Module CI-18001
3. Oscilloscope (GWINSTEK GOS-6112)
4. Digital Multimeter
5. RF signal generator
Experimental Setup:

Fig 2.2: AM/DSB Receiver Module KL-93062.

Fig 2.3: Experimental setup for AM Receiver module.

Output Waveforms:

Fig 2.4: Output Signal from WHT. Fig 2.5: Output Signal from Mixer.

Fig 2.6: Output Signal from TP4. Fig 2.7: Output Signal from TP5.

Fig 2.8: Output Signal from TP6. Fig 2.9: Output Signal from TP7.

Fig 2.10: Output Signal from TP8.

Experimental Data table:
Voltage amplitude level at different TP point;
Connection of TP Voltage

TP1 -275 mV

TP2 -291 mV

TP3 -0.57 mV

TP4 -2.23 V

TP5 1.76 V

TP6 7V

TP9 -6.53 V

TP11 55 V

TP12 20 mV

Discussion & Conclusion:

In this lab, we studied the basic operation of an AM receiver. We began by understanding the
fundamental concepts of amplitude modulation and how it can be used to receive audio signals
over long distances.
We observed that the antenna receives the modulated AM signal from the air and passes it to
the tuner. The tuner selects the desired frequency of the received signal and amplifies it to a
level that is suitable for demodulation. We learned that the demodulator extracts the modulated
audio signal from the carrier wave, and the audio amplifier amplifies the demodulated audio
signal to a level that is suitable for driving a speaker. Finally, the speaker converts the electrical
signals into sound waves that can be heard by the listener.
Through this lab, we gained a deeper understanding of the principles of AM reception. This
knowledge is essential in the field of telecommunications.
Overall, this lab was a success, and we were able to observe the reception of audio signals over
the airwaves using the AM receiver.
 Lab Report
Course Title: Radio and TV Engineering Sessional
Course No: EEE 4118

Experiment No: 03
Experiment Name: Study of FM Transmitter & Receiver Circuits

Date of Submission: 23/05/2023

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Md. Sajeed- ur -Rahman Tasnim Sarkar Joyeeta

Roll: 1801072 Lecturer

Section: B Department of Electrical &
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electronic Engineering RUET
Experiment No: 03
Experiment Name: Study of FM Transmitter & Receiver Circuits.
Theory:
FM Transmitter Circuit:

An FM (Frequency Modulation) transmitter is an electronic device used to transmit audio

signals over long distances by modulating the frequency of a carrier wave. The transmitter
generates a high-frequency carrier wave and modulates it with the audio signal to produce an
FM signal for transmission.

Fig.3.1: Basic Block Diagram of FM Transmitter.

The block diagram of an FM transmitter circuit includes the following components:

Microphone: The microphone converts the sound waves into electrical signals.

Audio Amplifier: The audio amplifier amplifies the electrical signals from the microphone to

a level suitable for modulation.

Frequency Modulator: The frequency modulator modulates the carrier wave's frequency

with the amplified audio signal, resulting in an FM signal.

RF (Radio Frequency) Amplifier: The RF amplifier amplifies the FM signal to a higher

power level.

Antenna: The antenna radiates the amplified FM signal into the air for transmission.
FM Receiver Circuit:

An FM receiver is an electronic device used to receive and demodulate FM signals

transmitted by an FM transmitter. The receiver extracts the modulated audio signal from the
FM signal and amplifies it for output.

Fig.3.2: Basic Block Diagram of FM Receiver.

The block diagram of an FM receiver circuit includes the following components:

Antenna: The antenna receives the FM signal from the air and passes it to the tuner.
Tuner: The tuner selects the desired frequency of the received signal and amplifies it to a
suitable level for further processing.
FM Demodulator: The FM demodulator demodulates the FM signal to extract the audio
signal from the carrier wave.
Audio Amplifier: The audio amplifier amplifies the demodulated audio signal to a level
suitable for driving a speaker or output device.
Speaker: The speaker converts the electrical signals into sound waves that can be heard by
the listener.

Objective:
• To acknowledge basic components of an FM Receiver.
• To learn how an FM Receiver operates.
• To acknowledge basic components of an FM Transmitter.
• To learn how an FM Transmitter operates.
Required Apparatus:

1. FM transmitter kit (KL-93063)

2. FM Receiver Module (KL-93064)
3. DC Supply Module Cl-18001
4. Probe
5. Multimeter
6. Oscilloscope
7. Power cable
8. Connecting wire

Experimental Setup:

Fig 3.3: FM Transmitter Module KL-93063.

Fig 3.4: FM Receiver Module KL-93064.

Output Waveforms:

Fig 3.5: Output Signal from Antenna. Fig 3.6: Output Signal from TP10.

Fig 3.7: Output Signal from TP12. Fig 3.8: Output Signal from TP17.

Fig 3.9: Output Signal from TP7.

Experimental Data table:
Voltage amplitude level at different TP points of FM transmitter;
Terminal Voltages

Point No. VDC VAC

(mV) (mV)
TP1 454 3

TP2 400 538

TP3 1175 3

TP4 406 4

TP5 288 4

TP6 400.3 720

TP7 1380 4

TP8 400.5 611

TP9 5040 5880

Voltage amplitude level at different TP points of FM receiver;

Terminal Voltage

TP1 2.7 mV

TP2 3.4 V

TP3 12.12 V

TP4 2.7 mV

TP5 26 V

TP6 4.4 V

TP7 4.3 V

TP8 0.85 V

TP9 2.32 V
 TP10 3.7 V

TP11 1.6 V

TP12 1.6 mV

TP13 6 mV

TP14 6 mV

TP15 6.6 mV

Discussion & Conclusion:

In this lab, we studied the basic operation of an FM transmitter & receiver. We began by
understanding the fundamental concepts of frequency modulation and how it can be used to
receive audio signals over long distances.
We observed that the FM transmitter circuit consisted of a microphone to convert sound waves
into electrical signals, an audio amplifier to amplify the signals, a frequency modulator to
modulate the carrier wave's frequency with the audio signal, an RF amplifier to amplify the
FM signal, and an antenna to radiate the FM signal for transmission.
On the other hand, the FM receiver circuit included an antenna to receive the FM signal, a tuner
to select the desired frequency and amplify it, an FM demodulator to extract the audio signal
from the FM signal, an audio amplifier to amplify the demodulated audio signal, and a speaker
to convert the electrical signals into sound waves.
We also learned about the advantages of FM over AM, such as improved signal quality,
resistance to noise and interference, and the ability to transmit stereo signals.
Through this lab, we gained a deeper understanding of the principles of FM transmission &
reception. This knowledge is essential in the field of telecommunications.
Overall, this lab was a success, and we were able to observe the transmission & reception of
audio signals over the airwaves using the FM technology.
 Lab Report
Course Title: Radio and TV Engineering Sessional
Course No: EEE 4118

Experiment No: 04
Experiment Name: Fault Simulation of Integrated AM/FM Radio Trainer

Date of Submission: 23/05/2023

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Md. Sajeed- ur -Rahman Tasnim Sarkar Joyeeta

Roll: 1801072 Lecturer

Section: B Department of Electrical &
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electronic Engineering RUET
Experiment No: 04
Experiment Name: Fault Simulation of Integrated AM/FM Radio Trainer.
Theory:
The integrated AM/FM radio trainer is a comprehensive training tool designed to simulate the
operation of a real AM/FM radio receiver. It consists of various sections and components that
are interconnected to form a complete radio circuit.

The basic components of the integrated AM/FM radio trainer typically consist the following
components:

Antenna: The antenna receives the radio frequency (RF) signals from the air.
RF Amplifier: The RF amplifier amplifies the weak RF signals received by the antenna to a
level suitable for further processing.
Mixer: The mixer combines the amplified RF signal with a local oscillator signal to produce
intermediate frequency (IF) signals.
IF Amplifier: The IF amplifier amplifies the IF signals to a level that is suitable for
demodulation.
Detector/Demodulator: The detector/demodulator extracts the audio signal from the IF
signals. In AM reception, it demodulates the AM signal, and in FM reception, it demodulates
the FM signal.
Audio Amplifier: The audio amplifier amplifies the demodulated audio signal to a level
suitable for driving a speaker or headphones.
Speaker/Headphones: The speaker or headphones convert the electrical audio signals into
sound waves that can be heard by the listener.

Fault Simulation:

The integrated AM/FM radio trainer allows the simulation of faults to replicate real-life
scenarios. This can involve intentionally introducing faults at various stages of the radio
circuit, such as faulty components, loose connections, or incorrect adjustments.
Here are some important facts about the trainer kit TEA5712T;

❖ The TEA5712T is an integrated circuit (IC) specifically designed for AM/FM radio
applications. It combines several functions required for radio reception in a single chip, making
it compact and efficient.
❖ The IC incorporates an AM/FM mixer, an IF amplifier, a quadrature detector, an adjustable FM
IF amplifier, an FM demodulator, and other necessary circuitry for radio reception.
❖ It operates over a wide frequency range, allowing it to be used in various radio applications.
The FM range typically extends from 88 to 108 MHz, while the AM range covers frequencies
from 535 to 1705 kHz.
❖ The TEA5712T IC features an automatic gain control (AGC) function, which helps maintain a
consistent output level by adjusting the amplification based on the input signal strength. This
allows for better signal reception in varying conditions.
❖ The IC supports both digital and analog tuning methods. It can be controlled using a
microcontroller or other digital interface, allowing for precise and automated frequency tuning.
❖ The TEA5712T incorporates a low-IF architecture, which reduces the number of external
components required for proper operation. This simplifies the overall design and reduces costs.
❖ It has a built-in noise blanker function, which helps eliminate or reduce the impact of electrical
noise on the received signal. This improves the audio quality and reception performance,
especially in environments with high levels of interference.
❖ The IC offers excellent channel selectivity and sensitivity, allowing for clear reception of
desired radio stations and minimizing interference from neighboring channels.
❖ It operates on a low supply voltage, typically ranging from 2.7 to 5.5 volts, making it suitable
for battery-powered applications.
❖ The TEA5712T IC is commonly used in portable AM/FM radios, car radios, clock radios, and
other consumer electronic devices where compact size, low power consumption, and reliable
radio reception are essential requirements.
❖ TEA 5712T is a 32 pin IC.

Fig 4.1: Pin diagram of TEA5712T IC.

Objective:
• To understand the functioning and operation of an integrated AM/FM radio trainer.
• To learn how to simulate faults in the trainer to mimic real-life scenarios.
• To identify and diagnose common faults in an AM/FM radio circuit.
• To gain hands-on experience in troubleshooting and repairing electronic circuits.
• To enhance practical skills in fault simulation and analysis.

Required Apparatus:

1. Oscilloscope (GWINSTEK GOS-6112)

2. Digital Multimeter
3. AM/FM trainer
4. Connecting wires

Experimental Setup:

Fig 4.2: AM/FM trainer kit.

Experimental Data table:
Data table for fault simulation occurrences;

Fault Defective circuit Defective component Symptom

No,
F1 Dc power input DC power line System is not
working

F2 Stereo Decode R9 Stereo indicator does

not light

F3 Audio output C2 No left audio signal

F4 Detector & MPX IC1 pin6 Noises and weak

signal output

F5 FM IF stages CF2 Weak FM signal

output

F6 AM IF stages L1 No AM signal output

F7 AM RF R2 Weak and noises AM

signal

F8 AM Oscillator R1 Can not receive AM

signal

F9 FM Tuner R3
F10 AM AGC C14 No AM signal output

Data table for fault simulation voltage labels

Fault Observing Voltage before fault Voltage after fault
No. component

F3 C2 0.6 mV 256 mV

F4 IC1 pin 6 18 mV 0.8mV

F5 CF2 44.1 mV 8 mV

F7 R2 0.1 mV 0V

F9 R3 2.01 V 347 mV
Discussion & Conclusion:
In this experiment, we simulated various faults in the integrated AM/FM radio trainer to
observe their impact on the radio's performance. We intentionally introduced faults at different
stages, such as a faulty RF amplifier or a misaligned IF amplifier or cutting of the DC voltage
source or turning off any particular resistor or capacitor etc, and observed the resulting effects
on signal reception and audio output. Through this process, we gained practical experience in
fault simulation and analysis, as well as troubleshooting and diagnosing faulty circuits.
This lab on fault simulation of the integrated AM/FM radio trainer was a valuable learning
experience. It allowed us to understand the operation of an AM/FM radio receiver and provided
hands-on experience in simulating and diagnosing faults. By introducing intentional faults and
observing their effects, we enhanced our troubleshooting skills and gained a deeper
understanding of circuit analysis. This lab significantly contributed to our practical knowledge
in fault simulation and repair of electronic circuits, preparing us for real-life scenarios in the
field of electronics and telecommunications.
 Lab Report
Course Title: Radio and TV Engineering Sessional
Course No: EEE 4118

Experiment No: 05
Experiment Name: Observation of a color TV trainer

Date of Submission: 22/07/2023

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Md. Sajeed- ur -Rahman Tasnim Sarkar Joyeeta

Roll: 1801072 Lecturer

Section: B Department of Electrical &
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Electronic Engineering RUET
Experiment No: 05
Experiment Name: Observation of a color TV trainer.

Objective:
• To gain detail knowledge about the color TV trainer.
• To observe the faults of a color TV trainer and the effects of faults on the TV trainer.
• To gain the knowledge about the components which are affected due to a certain fault.
• To know the procedure of removing the faults and take back the color TV to its stable
state.

Theory:
The color TV trainer which has been used in our laboratory is the product of DE LORENZ
group and the model of the color TV trainer is ‘ DL 2402 color TV trainer ’ . The color TV
trainer includes the block diagram of the whole color TV system. The part of the diagrams are
microprocessor unit, RF stage, keyboard unit, fault simulator unit etc. Microprocessor unit is
the controlling unit of all the functions. Fault simulator unit is actually the main attraction of
this experiment which deals with different faults and immediately we will be able to observe
the effect of faults on the color TV trainer system. There are 20 buttons on the fault simulator
unit and each button deals with a certain fault. That means here 20 types of faults are possible.
In our laboratory we had to deal with these 20 types of faults. The reasons of each fault had
been known from the laboratory manual of DE LORENZ group. The faults may occur due to
the damage of electronic components like IC, resistors etc. From the laboratory manual we
came to know about the particular IC or resistors, damage of which cause the respective faults.
So in practical whenever any faults occur in a color TV system firstly we need to pay attention
to the symptoms which are observed and then detect the location of fault. If we can do this then
we can easily remove the fault by repairing the damaged electronic components and take back
the TV to the stable state.

Required Apparatus:

1. DL 2402 color TV trainer

Now all the 20 types of faults with their locations, affected components due to faults, severity
of the faults and observation of the effects of faults are briefly described below-

Fault no 01:
Location: Remote control
Level: Simple
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G1 of the fault simulator was pressed this fault was observed. The remote
controller unit was affected due to this fault. The picture & sound quality was not affected and
also the keyboard unit of the TV trainer was working properly but we couldn’t perform any
operation by the remote control of the TV. Whenever this type of condition appears we should
check whether the battery i.e. the power supply of remote is damaged or not. If the battery and
the remote controller is ok then we should pay attention to the microprocessor unit of the of
the TV. This means that the signal from remote is transmitting but the remote signal receiver
is not working. The possible reasons which may be responsible for the ineffective operation of
the remote signal receiver are listed below-

1. IC84501 broken down and giving a low output level

2. CR84501 interrupted, thus unpowering IC84501
3. CC84501 shorted, so that the whole +H voltage drops on R84501
4. R80012 interrupted
5. C81008 shorted

So after checking the remote controller itself we should check the above listed components
successively to determine the actual reason of the fault and after locating the fault we can
proceed further to eliminate it.

Fault no 02:
Location: Key-board operation
Level: Simple
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G2 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. The
key-board unit was affected due to this fault. The picture & sound quality was not affected and
also the remote controller unit of the TV trainer was working properly but we couldn’t perform
any operation by the keyboard unit of the TV. We know that the TV may be operated manually
using the keyboard of the TV. So if the keyboard section of the TV is not working then we
should realize that the key-board unit has been affected. To cope up with this fault we should
have to check the following steps to know what is the reason of this type of fault –
 1. PCB line accidentally shorted to +5V
2. Stuck P+ key

To eliminate the faulty condition of the keyboard section of the TV we should deal with the
above two problems and repair the fault.

Fault no 03:
Location: Reset of microcontroller
Level: Medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G3 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. We
observed that the display of the TV was fully black. But the power was supplied properly as
the power supply indicator LED was on. Also the sound was not heard and the remote controller
was not working. So if we come across this type of problem we will have to concentrate on the
following reasons which are responsible for this –

1. IC80500 faulty and permanently delivering a low level

2. CC80502 shorted and keeping a constant low reset
3. CR80501 interrupted
4. CR80503 interrupted

The fault may occur due to any of the above reasons so we should check the listed components
and find out the faulty one to sort out the fault.

Fault no 04:
Location: Audio
Level: Medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G4 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. Due
to this fault the sound system of the TV was not working. The keyboard section or remote
controller was efficiently working but we couldn’t hear any sound signal even if the volume
was raised fully. This means the audio section of the TV has been affected and we should pay
attention only to this particular section to eliminate this fault. The probable causes of this faults
are-

1. CC81023 shorted
2. CR81019 interrupted
3. IC81500 faulty

We need to check the IC’s related to this fault and replace the faulty item with a new one.

Fault no 05:
Location: On-screen display
Level: Simple to medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G5 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. We
observed that the display of the TV was fully black. But the power was supplied properly as
the power supply indicator LED was on. Also the sound was heard and the remote controller
was working. Each unit is working but the problem is the display is fully dark. So if we come
across this type of problem we will have to concentrate on the following reasons which are
responsible for this –

1. R81054 interrupted
2. IC81500 faulty, applying a permanently low level to the line
3. An accidental short to ground may exist on the PCB path from r*1055 to pin 37 of the
IC34015
We should check the above devices of the microcontroller unit and detect the faulty one to
eliminate this type of fault.

Fault no 06:
Location: On-screen display
Level: Simple to medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G6 causes this fault. A normally open contact of the fault
simulator grounds the B OSD line of the microcontroller. The result is that the blue component
of the OSD message is missing. This fault causes the display to appear with wrong color i.e.
the color will be mismatched with the original signal. The components which are responsible
for this fault are –

1. IC81500 faulty
2. IC34015 faulty
3. An accidental short to ground may exist on the PCB path from IC81500 to pin 34 of
the IC34015

When G6 was pressed the faulty color signals should be appeared on the screen but
unfortunately no change was observed. This refers to the internal problem of the fault
simulator.

Fault no 07:
Location: On-screen display
Level: Simple to medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G7 causes this fault. A normally open contact of the fault
simulator grounds the G OSD line of the microcontroller. The result is that the green
component of the OSD message is missing. This fault causes the display to appear with wrong
color i.e. the color will be mismatched with the original signal. The components which are
responsible for this fault are –

1. IC81500 faulty
2. IC34015 faulty
3. An accidental short to ground may exist on the PCB path from IC81500 to pin 35 of the
IC34015.

When G7 was pressed the faulty color signals should be appeared on the screen but
unfortunately no change was observed. This refers to the internal problem of the fault
simulator.
Fault no 08:
Location: RGB stage
Level: Medium to difficult

Observation of the effects & solution:

When the button G8 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. The
effect of this type of fault is seen on the display. Original received signal by the TV will not be
appeared on the screen. Luminous signal will be seen on the display. Components responsible
for this fault are –

1. CR34088 interrupted
2. CT34085 short-circuited
3. IC34015 faulty

So whenever this type of symptoms appear we should check the above components.

Fault no 09:
Location: On-screen display
Level: Simple to medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G7 causes this fault. The effect of this fault appears on the
display. Due to this fault the OSD messages is missed. Components responsible for this fault
are –

1. IC81500 faulty
2. R81081 interrupted
3. CC81081 shorted
4. IC34015 faulty

When G9 was pressed the faulty signals should be appeared on the screen but unfortunately no
change was observed. This refers to the internal problem of the fault simulator.
Fault no 10:
Location: On-screen display
Level: Simple to medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G10 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. The
audio signal was heard but there was no proper picture signal. The screen wasn’t fully dark.
There was a light luminous on the screen. These symptoms are appeared if there is any fault in
the tuner circuit. So we should check the tuner circuit in case of this condition. Components of
tuner circuits which may be faulty are listed below –

1. IC81500 faulty
2. R81080 interrupted
3. R46003 interrupted
4. CC81080 shorted
5. IC34015 faulty

We need to check the IC’s and resistors related to this fault and replace the faulty item with a
new one.

Fault no 11:
Location: Tuner
Level: Medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G11 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. The
picture signal was seen but there was no audio signal. Problem in tuner circuit causes this type
of fault. So if this situation occurs we should check the following conditions of the tuner circuit
–

1. IC81500 faulty
2. CC31051 short-circuited
3. CR31051 interrupted
4. TUNER faulty

We need to check the above components to find out the cause of fault.
Fault no 12:
Location: Tuner
Level: Medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G12 causes this fault. Fault in CPU is the reason of this. The
serial bus is affected due to this fault. Components on the tuner circuit which are responsible
for this fault are –

1. IC81500 faulty
2. CC31052 short-circuited
3. CR31052 interrupted
4. TUNER faulty

When G12 was pressed the faulty signals should be appeared on the screen but unfortunately
no change was observed. This refers to the internal problem of the fault simulator.

Fault no 13:
Location: Tuner
Level: Medium to difficult
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G13 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was
observed. Audio signals, remote controller, keyboard unit nothing are not affected due to this
fault. The main effect is observed on the screen. The display of picture signal is shifted to right
side almost about 1 inch. This problem is observed due to fault in tuner circuit and the
responsible components are –

1. R31048 interrupted
2. R31047 interrupted
3. CC31048 shorted
4. CC31046 shorted
5. CC31047 shorted
6. IC34015 partially faulty
7. TUNER faulty

We need to check the IC’s and resistors related to this fault and replace the faulty item with a
new one to mitigate the fault.
Fault no 14:
Location: CPU
Level: Medium to difficult
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G14 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed.
When the fault was inserted the sound and picture quality dropped. The color appeared on the
screen wasn’t like the original signal. Microprocessor unit is responsible for this type of fault
so we should check the following conditions to find out the faulty section –

1. C34037 shorted
2. CC34036 shorted
3. IC3015 partially faulty

We need to check the IC’s and resistors related to this fault and replace the faulty item with a
new one to mitigate the fault.

Fault no 15:
Location: IF stage
Level: Medium to difficult
Observation of the effects & solution:
When the button G15 of the fault simulator keyboard was pressed this fault was observed. The
picture signal was seen but there was no audio signal. Problem in intermediate frequency stage
causes this type of fault. So if this situation occurs we should check the following conditions
of the IF stage –

1. CC33016 shorted
2. IC34015 partially faulty
3. TUNER faulty
We should check the above devices of the IF stage and detect the faulty one to eliminate this
type of fault.
Fault no 16:
Location: IF stage
Level: Medium to difficult
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G16 causes this fault. Due to this fault the composite video
and sound signal (BB) cannot pass from the IF amplifier stage to the sound/video separator.
When the fault is inserted the TV screen remains dark and no sound is heard due to lack of the
BB information. The components assumable as a correct response for troubleshooting are –

1. IC34015 faulty

Unfortunately, when the button G16 was pressed no change was observed on the TV trainer
system. This means the function related with the G16 button is not working.

Fault no 17:
Location: IF stage
Level: Medium to difficult
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G17 causes this fault. Actually, when this fault occurs the
picture produced on the TV screen appears to be of poor quality and out of sync. But in our
laboratory the actual symptoms were not observed due to pressing G17. Here original received
signal by the TV was not appeared on the screen. Luminous signal was seen on the display.
Components responsible for this fault are –

1. IC34015 faulty
2. CC52269
This fault occurs on the IF stage so to eliminate this fault we should check the components of
IF stage listed above.
Fault no 18:
Location: RGB stage
Level: Medium to complex
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G18 causes this fault. When the fault is inserted the TV screen
remains dark due to lack of video information. The components assumable as a correct response
for troubleshooting are –

1. C34061 interrupted
2. IC34015 faulty

Unfortunately, when the button G18 was pressed no change was observed on the TV trainer
system. This means the function related with the G18 button is not working.

Fault no 19:
Location: Picture control
Level: Medium
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G19 causes this fault. Actually, when this fault occurs the
picture produced on the TV screen appears to be of poor quality. When the fault is inserted the
lack of the SW feedback causes the image produced by the CRT to become very light and
missing contrast. The components assumable as a correct response for troubleshooting are –

1. CR777 interrupted
2. C781 shorted
3. IC34015 partially faulty
Unfortunately, when the button G19 was pressed change which was observed on the TV trainer
system was not similar to the described symptoms. In our laboratory we heard the audio signals
but the screen was fully dark. This means the function related with the G19 button is not
working properly.
Fault no 20:
Location: Audio amplifier
Level: Simple
Observation of the effects & solution:
Fault simulator Keyboard button G20 causes this fault. Whenever G20 is pressed there
shouldn’t be any audio signal on the system but here in our laboratory we didn’t pbserve any
change on the system after pressing G20. This means the function related with the G20 button
is not working properly. Device responsible for this fault is –

1. Loudspeaker

Loudspeaker won’t function due to this fault.

Experimental Setup:

Fig 5.1: TV trainer module kit.

Observations of the TV module:

Fig5.2: Fault 01 of Color TV. Fig5.3: Fault 02 of Color TV.

Fig5.4: Fault 03 of Color TV. Fig5.5: Fault 04 of Color TV.

Fig5.6: Fault 05 of Color TV. Fig5.7: Fault 06 of Color TV.

Fig5.8: Fault 07 of Color TV. Fig5.9: Fault 08 of Color TV.

Fig5.10: Fault 09 of Color TV. Fig5.11: Fault 10 of Color TV.

Fig5.12: Fault 11 of Color TV. Fig5.13: Fault 12 of Color TV.

Fig5.14: Fault 13 of Color TV. Fig5.15: Fault 14 of Color TV.

Fig5.17: Fault 16 of Color TV.

Fig5.16: Fault 15 of Color TV.

Fig5.18: Fault 17 of Color TV. Fig5.19: Fault 18 of Color TV.

Fig5.20: Fault 19 of Color TV. Fig5.21: Fault 20 of Color TV.

Discussion & Conclusion:
All the buttons of fault simulator keyboard were pressed to observe different types of faults
appear on our TV sets in our day to day life. 20 types of different faults had been observed in
the laboratory. Reasons of the faults, location of the faults, components which may be affected
due to any particular fault have been discussed here. So to eliminate any kind of faults on our
TV sets we should follow the above instructions as the remedy of each fault are also given here.
The DL 2402 color TV trainer should work for all the fault simulators but in our laboratory
some of the buttons were pressed but no change was observed. Also in some cases changes
appeared on the system but the changes were not same as those should be.
So we can say that functions related with some buttons of fault simulator keyboard were not
working properly. But some of the buttons were working properly so in our laboratory we
gained knowledge about the faults and the procedures of eliminating those faults thus this
experiment was a success.