Purposive Communication Year 01

Finals Reviewer Term 02

Mastering the basic structure in essay writing is the
foundation for effectively communicating through
written materials. Whoever the audience and
whatever the purpose, writing an essay to inform or
persuade entails the following steps:
1. Decide on the topic
2. Prepare an outline or diagram of your ideas
3. Formulate a thesis statement
4. Write the introduction
5. Write the body
6. Decide on the main points
7. Write the supporting ideas
8. Elaborate on the supporting ideas
9. Write the conclusion
10. Add information, when needed, upon editing
and proofreading.
Methods of Paragraph Development
Definition
Explains the meaning of a concept or an idea by
showing the details, giving examples, describing,
analyzing using symbols, antonyms and the like; The opinion essay presents an argument for the
explains technical terms and jargon to prepare the following reasons:
intended reader for the topic to be discussed.
Classification
Breaks down information into parts in order to
simplify a concept or to explain a series of things by - To persuade others to change their views and
discussing their individual parts.
The Essay in a Three-Poled Frame
According to Aldous Huxley, an essay may be
anchored on a three-poled frame of reference.
Personal (autobiographical)
When a writer utilizes autobiography to be able to
describe what he wants to convey.
Concrete-Particular (objective factual)
When a writer anchors his judgments and
perceptions on relevant and factual data.
Abstract-Universal
When a writer relies on better abstractions than on
personal experiences or facts.
Three Major Reasons Why Essays are Written
↳ To Inform
↳ To Explain
↳ To Persuade
Opinion Essay
- To convince others that one’s stand on an
issue is reasonable;
- To influence others in their way of thinking;
and
take the desired action.

Process Building Blocks of Forming an Argument

Describes a series of connected actions
chronologically, in which the outcome is a product, a Claims
natural phenomenon, a mechanical process, or an ↳ Verifiable statements or facts
effect of some kind. ↳ Issues or faith or belief
↳ Matters of simple opinion or personal taste
Comparison and Contrast
Discusses the reason of a state, condition, or a Reasons
phenomenon and its consequences or results. ↳ Must be supported by reasons that the audience
will accept.
Narration
Tells a story in the order of occurrence. Evidence
↳ Support ↳ Authorities
↳ Facts ↳ Anecdote
↳ Statistics ↳ Case Studies
↳ Examples ↳ Actual Evidences
Purposive Communication Year 01
Finals Reviewer Term 02

Formulating an Opinion Essay Entertainment

Delivered to provide fun, laughter, or invite listeners
Introduction to join in any celebration (e.g., wedding, toasts, roast
↳ Establish an argument that exists by discussing its [short speeches of tribute developed with humorous
background jokes, stories, and examples of honorees), and
↳ Take a position (thesis). after-dinner speeches.

Body Types of Speech (According to Delivery)

↳ Provide evidence/s to defend your position
↳ Refute the position with evidence paragraphs. Reading from a Manuscript
This is the most formal type of delivery and the most
Conclusion effective to have the greatest control on how the
↳ Restate your position in terms of the argument speech is worded.
defended or refuted.
Memorized Speech
Oral Communication 21st Century This is the most challenging to get through. It is best
A “sight between” and a “view between” two or more used when accepting awards, introducing speakers,
interlocutors in oral communication is more than just or making announcements; for speakers trained and
a conversation. Oral communication is the functional practiced to memorize long passages of text; for
exchange of ideas and thoughts that aims to be presenting the same ideas a number of times (e.g.,
interactive preachers and teachers).

This type of communication requires the mastery of Impromptu Speech

speaking and listening skills. It is necessary that in This is delivered with little or no preparation, usually
the process of oral communication, a two-way flow of about a topic that the speaker knows well. It is
information and ideas is facilitated. “thinking on one’s feet” or “speaking off the cuff”
(Beebe and Beebe, 2013) for it is usually presented
Types of Speeches (According to Purpose) with no guide notes or outline and with only a little
time of advance notice for preparation.
Expository or Informative
Meant to explain or describe facts, truths, and Extemporaneous Speech
principles to educate audiences. Methods used in This is researched and planned ahead of time but
informing include definition, description, comparison the exact wording is not scripted. It may make use of
and contrast, narration and demonstration (e.g., notes or an outline for guidance on key ideas,
classroom lectures, biographical speech, structure and delivery cues.
acknowledgement speeches, speeches of tribute,
keynote, commencement and commemorative Principles of Effective Speech Delivery
addresses).
Articulation
Persuasive Producing clear and distinct sounds.
Designed to convince and encourage listeners to
reinforce, change, or adopt attitudes, beliefs, Modulation
perceptions, convictions or values based on Adequate volume of the voice accompanied by the
propositions presented. The most effective appropriate pitch level and good voice quality.
organizational patterns used in persuasive speeches
are problem-solution, comparative advantages, Facial expressions, Gestures, and Movements
cause-effect, reason-giving and motivated sequence Appropriateness and proper timing.
(e.g. political campaigns, public debates, product
launching sorties, privilege speeches)
Purposive Communication Year 01
Finals Reviewer Term 02

Stage Presence minutes and forty (40) seconds, the concise and
Naturalness, composure and confidence before the speedy delivery of the speaker’s presentation.
listeners.
Both infographics and PowerPoint presentations are
Rapport with the Audience multimodal in the sense that communication relies
Attentiveness to reactions or shifts in listening on the textual, aural, linguistic, spatial, and visual
patterns; openness to questions raised. resources as modes to compose and relay
messages.
Silence
Room for pauses and silence ↳ The old definition of information graphics
(infographics) referred to the use of graphics in
Ten Commandments of Oral Communication newspapers and magazines. Its 21st century
1. Believe in what you say definition extends it to a combination of data
2. Believe in the people to whom you speak visualizations, illustrations, texts and images in a
3Live what you say format that tells a complete story (Krum, 2014). The
4. Know when you say it ‘message’ as presented in infographics may be
5. Know why you say it delivered in a few seconds or minutes.
6. Know how to say it
7. Have fun saying it Five Media Formats of Infographics
8. Show it as you say it
9. Say it so people can own it Static
10. Say it so people will do it The most common, simplest and easiest to format
with the final design saved on an image file for easy
Communication in the 21st Century distribution online and to print on paper.
Communication has ceased to be plainly linear or
strictly verbal or written with the advancement in Zooming
technology of the 21st century. Normally used for larger designs that convey a large
amount of information: with an added interactive
Information can be relayed through simple but layer for zooming controls for the readers to use.
appealing and eye-catching infographics and data
visualizations. In visual representations of Animated
information that consist of charts, maps, icons, Creates some motion or change to the design as the
progress bars, signs, posters, diagrams and online reader watches, e.g., bars in a bar chart growing a
visuals, ideas are transmitted fast and clear. color change, or an animated character; completely
contained in an image file and thus, can be posted
Powerpoint Presentation on other sites or blogs; makes the design stand out
Serves as a visual representation of an otherwise as it is moving.
scripted delivery of a topic.
Video
Popularly referred to as a software package Provide ease of sharing with the ability to be shared
designed to create electronic presentations anywhere. Unlike static infographics, videos also
consisting of a series of separate pages or slides, it have the capacity to engage the audience more
conveniently and effectively realizes a presenter’s efficiently.
comprehensive discussion of a topic
Interactive
Pecha-Kucha Designs give readers some control over the date or
Japanese for chit-chat. A presentation style, with its visualization displayed for a much longer period of
maximum use of twenty (20) slides shown for twenty time than the static infographics.
(20) seconds each, ensures in a matter of six (6)
Purposive Communication Year 01
Finals Reviewer Term 02

Basic Guidelines in the Use of Infographics Workplace Dynamics

↳ Visual content is still supplementary but a powerful
aid in conveying important messages.
↳ Visuals are used to support text, convey
information, and direct action.
↳ Visuals must be audience-appropriate.
↳ Cultural awareness and gender-sensitivity are
considered in how the content of an infographic is
crafted.
The Nature of Workplace Communication
Workplace Communication
The evolution of communication is best described as
the process of transmitting ideas and thoughts
through the years for human survival. In charting
one’s journey in this evolution, education, science
and technology, business and trade, and media have
all contributed to how an individual copes with social
needs and demands through human connection.
Diversity in the Workplace
↳ Multiplicity of identities – differences in gender,
ethnicity, language, beliefs, and other attributes.
Mutual respect is a virtue to practice at all times.
Co-Worker Relationship
↳ Time spent at work is greater than time spent at
home for many in the active employment workforce.
↳ Informal networking within the workplace creates
better opportunities to attain the long-term
communication goals of the organization.
Shared Leadership
↳ The distribution of leadership responsibilities within
a team can influence the functionality of its members
↳ Leadership is not simply taking command of the
ship but of sailing the course with the rest of the ship
↳ The definition of task and relationship roles in
workplace requires communication.

Team Building
↳ Formal and informal gatherings help build a strong
team.
↳ Team roles surface where task roles, relationship
roles, and self-centered roles have to be periodically
monitored, assessed, and evaluated for a check and
functional roles.
↳ Task roles – help the team carry out tasks
and get the work done.
Human connection is indispensable whether in the
↳ Relationship roles – strengthen or maintain
confines of home, school, or the workplace.
team relationships.
↳ In Abraham’s Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, social
↳ Self-centered roles – interfere with the
belonging is crucial to self-actualization
team’s ability to complete tasks.
↳ In 21st Century, personal success is equated with
career growth and advancement which is reliant on
one’s level of social belonging. Technical Writing in the Workplace
↳ In professional context, harmonious relations can
be consequential and crucial to both individual and Technical Writing
It is a form of written communication used mainly as
collective productivity and efficiency in the
correspondence and in the production of written
workplace.
outputs valuable to an organization. As an act of
↳ The process of exchanging information, either
writing in the workplace, it pertains to written
verbally or nonverbally, is important in any social
communication present in all kinds of organization,
environment.
jobs, and professions.
↳ Communication in any organizational structure, is
the force that maintains its operations from the top
up to the middle and bottom level.
Purposive Communication Year 01
Finals Reviewer Term 02

Features of Technical Writing communication brought about globalization through

the Internet, materialized through technical writing
Accurate will lead you to various topics, ideas, people,
Deals with facts that are completely true. A report concerns, purposes.
that uses words, sentences, numbers or figures that
exactly express what the written work intends to Straightforward
convey. Presenting facts and information honestly and
directly. Technical writing presents ideas in frank,
Clear unequivocal, or cut-way.
Able to easily understand the main message or point
of the whole composition. The use of simple, Authoritative
concise, specific, and grammatically correct Ability to command or to enforce something on
language structures anyone; to exude credibility in relaying information.

Formal Presentable
Some writing standards underlie the structure, Without any grammatical or typographical errors. A
pattern, format, and language of this kind of writing. technical writer must ensure that his or her output
Readers judge the value or credibility of your output always undergoes proofreading.
based on how you conform to the conventions.
Workplace Communication
Graphical ↳ Globalization inevitably gives rise to professional
Graphs like tables, charts, figures, diagrams, maps, communication which entails technical
pictures, and other illustrations support written communication
information provided. Visual representations help in ↳ Professional communication encompasses written,
expressing specialized meanings, or ideas known oral, visual, and digital communication that may be
only to a specific set of people. used in part or in full in creating, delivering,
consuming, and managing information and data for
Objective business purposes.
Being straightforward and direct, forms of technical ↳ Is technical in a work environment where
writing should avoid including inner thoughts, management and employees focus on
sentiments, or feelings. manufacturing and marketing products and services
for target clients and customers.
Practical ↳ Specialized language or technical jargon is used
It functions according to purpose relative to the field it is intended for.
↳ Effective workplace communication brings about
Procedural customers or clients and brings in profits for the
Provide set of instructions and sequenced company
information such as user manuals and laboratory ↳ Stakeholders, management, and the employees
reports. get fair share from the benefits of customer
satisfaction and continued patronage
Specialized
Technical writing usually functions within a specific
demographic. Language used is specialized (i.e.,
technical terms, expressions) and easily understood
by a specific set of readers.

Diverse
Prone to extensive exposure to multicultural clients,
and co-workers. Cross-cultural or multilingual