Advanced Academic Writing Final Exam Study

Advanced Academic Writing Final Exam

Terms in this set (38)

The art of argument, techniques that convince or

Rhetoric
persuade

Three components of the Author, Audience, Text

rhetorical triangle

An opinion backed by a reason; claim and

Argument
evidence/reasoning

Inquiry uses reasoning to analyze and critique

existing arguments, as part of the process of
Argument to inquire
arriving at the truth as you see it; ask questions,
informal, what do I think?

Persuasion moves people to act by combining

Argument to persuade
logical argument with emotional appeals

To seek approval or agreement to a claim not

Argument to convince directly tied to taking action; need to share and
agree, data, reasons, think my thoughts

Used to find common ground and agreement on a

course of action when parties dispute are in a
Argument to mediate
sharp and seemingly irreconcilable conflict; find
the middle ground, agree to disagree

Information about the time and place the work

Rhetorical context was written, about the author, who published it,
and the ongoing debate to which it contributed
Advanced Academic Writing Final Exam
A serious "conversation" where opinions are both
Study

offered and examined critically, often through a

Dialectical thinking process of questioning; relates to inquiry
argument, multiple voices

Unity "Big picture." Does the essay stay on topic?

Little pieces fitting together. Do sentences in the

Coherence
paragraph relate to the topic sentence?

Also called "thesis," the central statement an

argument defends, the belief or action you want
Claim your audience to accept. A claim is your carefully
stated and more specific version of your opinion
about something

A sentence saying why a claim should be

Reason
accepted as true

Reasoning, data, and expert opinion advanced to

Evidence justify or confirm a reason. Need to consider
degree of resistance from audience.

Principles or values an argument takes for granted

Assumption and so does not state or defend. Need to
examine and expose these assumptions.

Acknowledging the strength of one's claim. Words

Qualifier that provide exceptions, limits, or clarifies the
claim

Counterargument Potential objections to opinion

Answering others' argument. Make sure to have

Rebuttal
"built in answers to nay-sayers" for your argument.
Advanced Academic Writing Final Examof a legitimate form of appeal,
The misuse Study
Logical Fallacy
sometimes with the intent to deceive

Personal Attack Undermining someone, "name-calling"

Reasoning that misleads by confusing sequence

False Cause with cause
ex.) lightbulb, is it the bulb or switch?

Terrorists for example. More likely to die from a

Fear car crash, but we are more worried about terrorist
plots

Generalization based on an unrepresentative

Hasty Generalization sample, which results in a generalization that is
false

A subject matter. Typically arguments are

Topic restricted to some part of a topic, and often to a
single issue related to it

A controversial question connected to a subject

Issue
matter or topic

A central statement an argument defends, the

Thesis statement
belief or action you want your audience to accept

Audience Analysis: Race, gender, class, age, etc.

Demographics

Audience Analysis: What do they know? What do they think about

Psychology your topic? What do they believe?

Method of delivery, physical location, why are

Audience Analysis: Situation
they there?
Advanced Academic Writing Final Exambook by one writer, on one subject,
A detailed Study
Monographs with one point of view

Many different essays but many different people,

Anthologies
relating to one topic or issue (usually)

Specific subject or study done by experts related

Peer-reviewed periodicals
to that specific field. Published periodically.

In arguments, needs to be slightly more formal

than when you talk to people. This results in
Voice "conversational prose." Voice needs to be
adapted to subject matter, audience, purpose,
etc. Personality of writing

Tone Attitude toward subject matter or audience

The use of humor, irony, or ridicule to expose and

Satire
criticize people's stupidity or vices (critique)

Meaning of a word, general understanding, what

Definition argument the word is not, give various meanings, bring in
expert opinion

Cause has many effects

Causes have one effect
Ways to order this argument
1. Chronological
Cause and Effect argument
2. Domino/causality
3. Start or end with most powerful point
(emphatic)
4. What's at stake? So what?
Advanced Academic Writing Final
WaysExam
to order this argument Study
Compare and Contrast
1. Point by point
argument
2. Block