What is NEWS REPORT?
SPEECH
News reports are found in newspapers and
their purpose is to inform readers of what is
happening in the world around them. News
reports have a certain structure that you need
to follow. This structure is called the Inverted
Pyramid. This is what it looks like:
1. News Reports begin with a catchy
HEADLINE.
2. The LEAD PARAGRAPH informs the reader
of the most important aspects of the story as
soon as possible. The LEAD PARAGRAPH is
often the only part of the story that people
read. Use the 5Ws rule:
 WHO (is involved)
 WHAT (took place)
 WHEN (did it take place)
 WHERE (did it take place)
 WHY (did it happen)
 HOW (did it happen) - only include this if
there is space
3. The BODY of the News Report gives more
details and provides more information about
the WHY and HOW of the story.
4. The TAIL contains the less important
information which is often omitted by the
newspaper editor if there is not enough space
left in the newspaper.
The major characteristics of news are:
1. Accuracy
2. Balance
3. Objectivity
4. Concise and clear
5. Current
A speech is a public form of expression, as
spoken, written, or sign language. There are
many types of speeches; Informative
speeches, persuasive speeches, and
demonstrative speeches, entertaining
speeches and team speeches.
Informative Speech
An informative speech is one where the
speaker intends to educate their audience on a
specific topic. The goal of such a speech is to
take complex subject matter and present
information that allows the audience to better
understand the topic. The speaker ultimately
provides knowledge that is especially useful or
interesting.
When developing a speech, there are several
key elements that help the speaker achieve
their goal:
 Introduction: Includes attention
grabber, previews main points and
thesis
 Body: Supports explains each main
point with information
 Conclusion: Restates the thesis,
reviews main points, provides closing
statement.
Persuasive Speech
A persuasive speech is a type of speech where
the goal is to convince the audience to accept
the speaker's point of view or perform a
desired action. The speaker uses words and
visuals to guide the audience's thoughts and
actions.
Informative Talks
An informative talk or conversation between
two or more persons. One of the examples of
in formative talk is Panel Discussion
Panel Discussion
A panel discussion is a structured conversation
that brings together multiple experts or
stakeholders to explore a specific topic, share
their perspectives, and engage in lively
discourse.
TEXTUAL AIDS
Textual aids are tools or materials that provide
support and facilitate understanding of texts.
These aids are, most of the time, graphical
outlines or images that gives a general idea of
a certain topic. these are visual displays that
have key content information.
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS
Concept Map
is often a great tool for brainstorming and
divergent thinking. To create one, either with
hand drawn tools or digital software, you need
to draw a shape in the center and then draw
divergent lines with shapes where you can put
the secondary ideas.
Venn Diagram
This graphic organizer consists of overlapping
circles. There are sections of the organizer in
which only two circles are overlapping, and
there is one section in which all three circles
overlap.
Sequence Chart
It shows a series of steps or events in the order
in which they take place. The leftmost box
contains the first event in a chronological
sequence, and the rightmost box contains the
last event
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
It is a visual representation of the factors that
might contribute to an observed effect or
phenomenon that is being examined. The
interrelationships among the possible causal
factors are clearly shown.
CONNOTATION and DENOTATION?
Connotation and denotation are two ways of
looking at the same word. The denotation of a
word refers to the dictionary definition of its
meaning. The connotation of a word refers to
the emotion or feeling that is evoked by a word
and accompanies its literal meaning.
EXAMPLE
DENOTATION
Red rose is the symbol of love and desire
CONNOTATION
Red rose is a red flower bore by a thorny shrub
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Personal characteristics are intangible aspects
of personality, experience, talents, capabilities
and social status that can be used to describe
a person. These can be used to introduce
oneself or to describe other people.
EXAMPLES OF PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
 Friendly
 Generous
 Caring
 Attractive and many more
ELEMENTS OF PLOT
 Exposition
 Rising Action
 Climax
 Falling Action
 Conclusion
EXPOSITION
Refers to how information is presented to the
audience in order to inform them of the story,
its background, or any other relevant
information. Also known as the initiating event,
exposition is typically the introduction to a story
and sets up the major plot points in the
narrative.
RISING ACTION
After the initial conflict is introduced in the
exposition, the rising action shows how
characters attempt to address or otherwise
solve the conflict. This part of the plot may
involve false starts, failed attempts, or simply
an investigation into the story's complications
to address them in the climax
CLIMAX
The climax, also known as the turning point, is
the most exciting part of the story, typically
where the main conflict is resolved. This
usually includes a dramatic scene of some
sort, typically the highlight of the story where
most major conflicts are resolved.
FALLING ACTION
Refers to the events following the climax. While
the major complication may be resolved, the
falling action shows how that resolution affects
the characters in the story.
RESOLUTION
The resolution, also sometimes called the
denouement, is where any lingering plot
threads are resolved and the final conclusion of
the story takes place. The conflict is resolved
and the story ends properly
TYPES OF CHARACTER
 Protagonist – This is the main
character, around which the whole story
revolves.
 Antagonist – This character, or group
of characters, causes the conflict for the
protagonist.
5 TYPES OF CONFLICT
1. Man vs. Self
In this type of conflict, your protagonist’s
emotional journey consists of overcoming their
own internal struggles as they are antagonized
by their own thoughts.
2. Man vs. Nature
In this type of conflict, some natural disaster or
other force of nature threatens the
protagonist’s existence and they must take the
necessary actions to save themselves and
others from their demise, usually while facing
limiting thoughts that put their ability to
succeed in doubt.
3. Man vs. Society
This is an external type of conflict where social
norms and expectations prevent your
protagonist from achieving their goals as they
feel like they don’t belong or are being judged
by others.
4. Man vs. Man
This is the typical clash between a protagonist
trying to achieve their key goal in the story and
their main antagonist, who has an equal and
opposite goal and who’ll try to do everything in
their power to stop them from fulfilling theirs.
5. Man vs the Supernatural
This is the conflict between your main
character fighting against an evil force that’s
trying to harm them and others close to them, a
supernatural creature, monster or entity that
stands as an otherworldly obstacle for your
protagonist in achieving their mission.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST? MODAL VERBS
 Compare- taken from the Latin word Modal verbs are helping verbs that are used
“comparare” which means to liken or to along with main verbs to represent the ability,
compare. possibility and probability of a subject to do an
 Comparing things means pointing out action and emphasize the necessity of an
their similarities, or what they have in action.
common.
 Contrast -derived from Latin words
ABILITY
“contra” and “stare”which means against
Can, Could
and to stand. In Middle English, contrast
was used for meaning “to fight against
or to “withstand” in a battle. PERMISSION
 Contrasting things mean pointing out Can, Could, May
their differences, or where they diverge
from one another.
ADVICE
Should
FOR EXAMPLE: COMPARING
Apples and oranges are both fruits
They are both foods OBLIGATION
Both are made into juice Must, Have to
Both grow on trees
POSSIBLITY
FOR EXAMPLE: CONTRASTING Might, May, Could, Can
Apples are red. Oranges are orange
The fruits have different texture
Oranges need a warmer place to grow, like
Florida. Apples can grow in cooler states like
Washington.

Comparing and contrasting are ways of looking

at objects and thinking about how they are
alike and different.

DIFFERENT GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS USED

TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST:
 Venn diagram
 Charts
 HOW ODIN LOST HIS EYE
RETOLD BY CATHARINE F. SELLEW
Once when the world was still very young, Odin sat
on his throne in the most beautiful palace in
Asgard.
His throne was so high that he could see over all
three parts of the world from where he sat. On his
head
he wore a helmet shaped like an eagle. On his
shoulders perched two black ravens called Memory
and
Thought. And at his feet crouched two snarling
wolves.
The great king gazed thoughtfully down on the
earth below him. He had made the green land that
stretched out before his eyes. With the help of the
other gods he had made men and women who
lived
on that earth. And he felt truly like the All-father he
was called.
The fair elves had promised they would help his
children of the earth. The elves were the tiny
people
who lived between heaven and earth. They were so
small that they could flit about doing their work
unseen. Odin knew that they were the artists who
painted the flowers and made the beds for the
streams. They took care of all the bees and the
butterflies. And it was the elves who brought the
gentle
rain and sunshine to the earth.
Even the ugly dwarfs, who lived in the heart of the
mountains, agreed to help. They forged iron and
metals, made tools and weapons. They dug gold
and silver and beautiful jewels out of the earth.
Sometimes they even cut the grain and ground the
flour for the farmers on the earth.
All seemed to be going well. Odin found it hard to
think of evil times. But he knew that the frost giants
were only waiting for a chance to bring trouble to
his children. They were the ones who brought cold
and ice to the world and shook the earth in anger.
They hated Odin and all the work of the gods.
And from high on his throne Odin looked down
beyond the earth deep into the gloomy land of his
enemies. He saw dark figures of huge men moving
about. They looked like evil shadows. He, the king
of
the gods, must have more wisdom. It was not
enough just to see his enemies. He must know
more about
them.
So Odin wrapped his tall figure in a blue cloak.
Down from his throne he climbed. Down the broad
rainbow bridge he strode and across the green
earth till Ile came to one of the roots of the great
evergreen tree. There, close by the tree, was a well
full of clear water. Its surface was so still it was like
a
mirror. In it one could see pictures of things that
had happened and things that were going to
happen.
But beside the well sat an old man. His face was
lined with the troubles of the world. His name was
Mimir, which means "memory." No one, not even
the great Odin, could see the pictures in the well
unless he first drank some of its water. Only Mimir
could give the magic drink.
"Aged Mimir," Odin said to the old man, "you who
hold the knowledge of the past and future in your
magic waters, let me have but one sip. Then I can
know enough to protect the men and women of the
earth from the hate of the giants."
Mimir looked kindly at Odin, but he did not smile.
Although he spoke softly, his voice was so deep it
reminded Odin of the distant roar of the ocean.
"The price of one drink from this well is not cheap,"
Mimir said. "And once you have drunk and gazed
into the mirror of life, you may wish you had not.
For sorrow and death as well as joy are pictured
there.
Think again before you ask to drink."
But once the king of the gods had made up his
mind, nothing could change it. He was not afraid to
look upon sorrow and death. "What is your price,
aged Mimir?" Odin asked.
"You are great and good, Odin," answered Mimir.
"You have worked hard to make the world. Only
those
who know hard work may drink from my well.
However, that is not enough. What have you given
up
that is very dear to you? What have you sacrificed?
The price of a drink must be a great sacrifice. Are
you still willing to pay the price?"
What could the king of the gods sacrifice? What
was most dear to him? Odin thought of his
handsome
son, Balder, whom he loved most in the world. To
give up his son would be like giving up life and all
that
was wonderful around him. Odin stood silent before
Mimir. Indeed that would be a high price! Then
Mimir spoke again. He had read Odin's thoughts.
"No, I am not asking for your dear son. The Fates1
say his life must be short, but he has time yet to
live
and bring happiness to the gods and the world. I
ask for one of your eyes."
Odin put his hands up to his bright blue eyes.
Those two eyes had gazed across the world from
his high
throne in the shining city of the gods. His eyes had
taught him what was good and beautiful, what was
evil and ugly. But those eyes had also seen his
children, the men and women of the earth,
struggling
against the hate of the giants. One eye was a small
sacrifice to win knowledge of how to help them.
And without another thought, Odin plucked out one
of his blue eyes and handed it to Mimir.
Then Mimir smiled and gave Odin a horn full of the
waters of his well. "Drink deeply, brave king, so you
may see all that you wish in the mirror of life."
Odin lifted the horn to his lips and drank. Then he
knelt by the edge of the well and watched the
pictures passing across its still and silent surface.
When he stood up again, he sighed, for it was as
Mimir
had said. He had seen sorrow and death as well as
joy. It was only the glorious promise at the end that
gave him courage to go on.
So Odin, the great king of the gods, became one-
eyed. If you can find Mimir's well, you will see
Odin's
blue eye resting on the bottom. It is there to remind
men and women of the great sacrifice he made for
them.
ORPHEUS
By: Alice Low
Orpheus, son of Muse Calliope and Thracian
prince, was gifted with enchanting music. The
melody that he played was extraordinary. It
could charm and no one could resist the power
of the music his lyre could create. The trees,
flowers, and rocks were led with enchantment.
The beasts in the wilderness were tamed.
When Orpheus sailed and got tired of rowing,
he could strike his lyre and would regain
energy and would smite the sea together in
time to the melody. The sea could change its
course and the fiercest spirit grew calm from
the soothing melody. Orpheus married
Eurydice. After the wedding, she walked in the
meadow where she was stung by a venomous
snake and died. Orpheus grieved the maiden
that he loved so dearly. He went to many
different places playing sad songs. Orpheus
took the journey to the underworld to seek
favor from Hades and Persephone as he
wanted to be reunited with Eurydice. Charmed
and soothed by his music, the king and queen
granted the will of his heart. Orpheus could
take Eurydice back to the earth on one
condition. That he would not look back at her
as she followed him until they had reached the
earth. As Orpheus and Eurydice were climbing
up the way to the upper world, the darkness
was turning gray and finally, there was
daylight. Orpheus stepped out joyfully and
quickly look back at Eurydice but it was too
soon because Eurydice was still in the cavern,
a few steps from the earth. Orpheus stretched
out his hand to reach for Eurydice but she had
slipped back to the darkness. All he heard was,
“Farewell”.