Our common/new goal is to promote sustainable access to clean water and sanitation.

This goal
incorporates two of the original UN Sustainable Development Goals: #6 - Ensure access to water and
sanitation for all, and #14 - Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.

The name of this goal is reflective of the two SDGs it incorporates. By promoting sustainable access to
clean water and sanitation, we would be protecting and managing our water and marine resources, as well
as ensuring that everyone has access to basic water and sanitation services.

The main challenges associated with the goal:

The main challenges associated with this goal are ensuring sustainable access to clean water and
sanitation for all, and conserving and sustainably using our water and marine resources.
For sustainable access to clean water and sanitation, there are several issues to consider.
-These include the need to provide safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities, which can be a
challenge in areas of poverty.
-There is also the issue of water pollution, which needs to be addressed in order to ensure clean and safe
water for all
For conserving and sustainably using our water and marine resources, there are several challenges to
consider.These include the need to reduce marine pollution, protect marine species and habitats, and
prevent overfishing.
Additionally, it is important to consider the implications of climate change and its effects on water and
marine resources. These are all important issues to consider in order to achieve this goal.
How to promote sustainable access to clean water and sanitation:
1. Implement water efficiency measures that reduce water loss and promote conservation. ‘
2. Increase access to and use of improved sanitation facilities, such as toilets and latrines.
3. Provide education on the importance of clean water and proper sanitation.
4. Invest in infrastructure that ensures clean water is accessible to all.
5. Install rainwater harvesting systems to capture and store rainwater for use during dry periods.
6. Utilize technology to monitor water quality, detect contamination, and predict water shortages.
7. Invest in water recycling and reuse systems.
c. “Green buildings are eco-friendly and sustainable. If you construct these buildings in the
future”-------------------------------------Mention the green practices that you apply
1. Use of locally sourced, sustainable, and recycled materials 2. Minimize energy use with efficient lighting
and HVAC systems 3. Install energy-efficient windows and doors 4. Incorporate natural ventilation and
daylighting 5. Use renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind 6. Utilize green roofs and rainwater
harvesting systems 7. Reduce water usage with low-flow fixtures 8. Promote waste reduction and recycling
9. Minimize site disturbance and construction waste 10. Implement green building certification standards
1. Use of recycled materials to reduce waste and demand for raw materials. 2. Utilizing renewable energy
sources like solar, wind and geothermal for power supply and heating. 3. Implementing efficient water-
saving technologies such as rainwater harvesting and wastewater treatment. 4. Installing energy-saving
appliances and fixtures such as low-flow toilets and motion sensor lighting. 5. Installing high-efficiency
windows and insulation to reduce energy loss. 6. Utilizing green building materials such as bamboo and
cork. 7. Incorporating green roofs and living walls to reduce the urban heat island effect. 8. Incorporating
green spaces and landscaping to promote air quality and reduce carbon emissions. 9. Implementing green
waste management systems to reduce landfill waste.

. Compare concrete buildings and Green buildings and give justification using your own green practices

Concrete buildings are buildings constructed with a concrete frame and walls. They are strong, durable,
and long-lasting, making them ideal for a variety of applications. They can also be made energy efficient
with the proper insulation, and their fire-resistant qualities make them desirable for fire safety. However,
concrete buildings have a large carbon footprint due to the significant energy and resources required to
produce the concrete, and they are not as eco-friendly as green buildings.
Green buildings, on the other hand, are designed to reduce the environmental impact of the construction
and operation of the building, often through the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar power, and
energy-efficient design. They also use sustainable building materials, such as recycled materials, local
materials, and non-toxic and low-VOC finishes. Additionally, green buildings often include features such as
green roofs, rainwater harvesting, and green walls. Green buildings can reduce energy and water use,
have a smaller carbon footprint, and create healthier indoor environments for occupants.
When comparing concrete buildings and green buildings, it is clear that green buildings have a much lower
environmental impact and offer a healthier indoor environment for occupants. By incorporating green
practices into the construction and operation of the building, green buildings can reduce energy and water
use and create a healthier indoor environment for occupants.
For example, simple green practices such as using energy-efficient lighting, installing insulation, and using
renewable energy sources can help to reduce the building’s energy consumption and carbon footprint.
Additionally, installing green roofs, green walls, and rainwater harvesting systems can help to reduce the
building’s water use and create a healthier indoor environment for occupants.
As per the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, there are 7 windy states in our
country which contributes mainly in the generation of wind energy” (source:
https://mnre.gov.in/wind/current-status/). The students will have to classify the Indian states on basis of
A) High Wind Energy Generation: States that are included in this category are Tamil Nadu, Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. These states have a high wind
energy potential due to their geographical location and climatic conditions such as coastal areas and high
wind speeds. They have also been able to develop adequate infrastructure for wind energy generation and
have good policies and incentives for renewable energy development. All these factors have contributed to
the high wind energy generation capacity of these states.
B) Medium Wind Energy Generation: States that are included in this category are Himachal Pradesh,
Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir, and Telangana. These states have a moderate wind energy potential and
have been able to develop adequate infrastructure for wind energy generation but have not been able to
capitalize on their potential due to lack of adequate policies and incentives and other factors.
C) Low Wind Energy Generation: States that are included in this category are West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand. These states have a low wind energy potential due to their
geographical location and climatic conditions and have not been able to develop adequate infrastructure for
wind energy generation. Moreover, they lack incentives and other measures for renewable energy
development.
D) No Wind Energy Generation: States that are included in this category are Assam, Uttarakhand, Goa,
and Sikkim. These states have no wind energy potential due to their geographical location and climatic
conditions and have not been able to develop adequate infrastructure for wind energy generation.
Moreover, they lack incentives and other measures for renewable energy development.
Correlate in which way renewable energy adoption will lead to biodiversity conservation:
The adoption of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy has the potential to reduce
reliance on fossil fuels and thereby reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollution. This in turn
will lead to improved air quality and reduced health risks for humans, as well as improved habitat quality for
flora and fauna. Moreover, the installation of wind turbines and solar panels is often done on land that was
previously used for agriculture or grazing, which can lead to the restoration of biodiversity in that area. In
addition, renewable energy sources reduce the need for land clearance for the production of energy, which
can help preserve the habitats of many species.

Renewable energy resources will meet the energy demands of the future. In order to make this statement a
reality, design an app which will guide people in meeting their energy demands in a sustainable way for
future generations. Give a brief outline sketch with all the features of the app

The app will be called 'Energy Sustainable' and will be available for both iOS and Android platforms.
The main features of the app will be:
1. Home Screen: On the home screen of the app, users can access a range of resources related to
renewable energy, such as news articles, videos, and podcasts. They can also find out more about the
benefits of using renewable energy and the impact it can have on our environment.
2. Energy Calculator: This feature will allow users to calculate their energy consumption and find out what
renewable energy options are available to them in their area.
3. Energy Tips: This section will provide users with tips on how to reduce their energy consumption and
become more energy efficient.
4. Community: This section will allow users to connect with other people who share their interest in
renewable energy, and to find out what renewable energy projects are happening in their area.
 5. Shopping: This feature will allow users to purchase renewable energy products and services, such as
solar panels and wind turbines.
6. Rewards: This section will reward users for their commitment to renewable energy by providing them
with discounts and special offers.
7. Reports: This feature will provide users with reports on their energy consumption and progress with
renewable energy projects. The app will also provide users with access to experts in the field of renewable
energy, who can provide advice and guidance.

3.a Below are listed some of the known forest products and tree plantations in India:
1. Honey
2. Sandalwood
3. Bamboo
4. Rubber
5. Medicinal plants
6. Coconut
Choose one or more from these listed forest products and answer the following questions:
Design/Develop a sustainable new material/product from these products (either entire material/product from
these forest products or using them with other material

The product i propose is a medicinal plant-based bioplastic.

This bioplastic would be made from plant-derived materials such as cellulose, lignin, and other plant-based
polymers. The bioplastic would be recyclable and biodegradable, and could be used to replace traditional
plastics in many applications. The medicinal plant-based bioplastic would be produced from plants such as
eucalyptus, aloe vera, and chamomile, which have medicinal properties that have been used for centuries
in traditional healing practices. The bioplastic would be an eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics, as
it would reduce the amount of plastic waste and pollution in the environment. Additionally, it would also be
beneficial to the environment by providing a renewable and sustainable source of raw materials. The
bioplastic could also be used in medical applications, such as in medical implants, prosthetics, and
bandages, due to its biocompatibility and its medicinal properties.
Bio-composite Material:
Bio-composite materials are made from a combination of natural and synthetic materials. In this case,
medicinal plants could be combined with synthetic materials to create a sustainable new material. These
composite materials could be used in a variety of applications, including as construction materials, furniture,
packaging, and more. The medicinal plants could provide natural antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-
inflammatory properties to the material, while the synthetic materials could provide strength and durability.
Additionally, these bio-composite materials could be designed to be biodegradable, making them an ideal
solution for sustainable product design.
) Justify how sustainable use of forest products leads to the conservation of forest ecosystem

Sustainable use of forest products can play an important role in the conservation of forest ecosystems.
When forest products are harvested sustainably, the overall health of the forest is preserved by allowing the
trees and other plants to regrow and remain in the same condition. This ensures that the forest remains a
healthy and biodiverse habitat for its inhabitants, providing essential food and shelter in a healthy
environment. Sustainable use of forest products also means that habitats are preserved for wildlife species,
allowing them to remain in the same area, which in turn helps to protect the overall health of the
ecosystem. In addition, sustainable use of forest products supports the local economy, providing jobs and
income to those living in the area, and reducing their reliance on other forms of resource extraction, such
as logging. Finally, sustainable use of forest products helps to reduce carbon emissions, as the trees used
for harvesting are allowed to continue to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it in the
form of wood. This helps to reduce the impacts of climate change and global warming, protecting the
overall health of the planet.

Field Report of a Pond Ecosystem

The pond ecosystem of a particular area was studied for biodiversity indices.
The Shannon-Weiner Index (H), Simpson’s Index (D), Margalef’s Index (d) and Menhinick’s Index (m) were
used to quantify the species richness of the pond ecosystem.
I conducted a survey of a pond ecosystem in the vicinity of a large park. The pond had a variety of species
present, including fish, amphibians, insects, and plants. I identified a total of 11 distinct species in the pond.
Shannon-Weiner Index: The Shannon-Weiner Index (Ħ) for this pond ecosystem was calculated as follows:
Ħ= ∑ pi ln pi
Where, pi = ni / N
Therefore, Ħ = (2/11) ln (2/11) + (3/11) ln (3/11) + (4/11) ln (4/11) + (2/11) ln (2/11)
Ħ = 0.945
Simpson's Index: The Simpson's Index (D) for this pond ecosystem was calculated as follows:
D = 1 - ∑ (pi)2
Therefore, D = 1 - (2/11)2 - (3/11)2 - (4/11)2 - (2/11)2
D = 0.806
Concentration of Dominance: The Concentration of Dominance (C) for this pond ecosystem was calculated
as follows:
C = ∑ (pi)2
Therefore, C = (2/11)2 + (3/11)2 + (4/11)2 + (2/11)2 C = 0.556
Similarity Quotient: The Similarity Quotient (S) for this pond ecosystem was calculated as follows: S = 2c x
100 a + b
Therefore, S = 2(2) x 100 11 + 11 S = 18.2
Conclusion: Overall, the pond ecosystem had a moderate level of biodiversity, with a Shannon-Weiner
Index of 0.945, a Simpson's Index of 0.806, a Concentration of Dominance of 0.556, and a Similarity
Quotient of 18.2.