ANSI - HI 2.4 (2008) Vertical Pumps-Installation, Operation and Maitenance

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Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

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American National 8tandard for
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Approved December 4, 2008

American National Standards Institute , Inc.

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Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the
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by the standards developer.
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Standard Consensus is established when , in the judgement of the ANSI Board of Standards
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from manufacturing , marketing , purchasing , or using products , processes , or proce-
dures not conforming to the standards.
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The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no
circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American
National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests
for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name
appears on the title page of this standard.
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CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at
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Published 8y
Hydraulic Institute
6 Campus Drive , First Floor North
Parsippany, NJ 07054-4406
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Copyright @ 2008 Hydraulic Institute

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AII rights reserved.

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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form ,

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Printed in the United States of America

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ISBN 978-1-880952-87-0
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Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

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Contents
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Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. vii
2 .4 Manuals describing installation , operation , and maintenance .............................. " 1
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2 .4 .1 Introduction ................................................................. " 1
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2 .4 .2 Scope ..................................................................... " 1
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2 .4 .3 Standard outline for 10M manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
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AppendixA Installation , Operation , and Maintenance Manual Reference Information ................... 5
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A.1 Introduction and safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
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Marking and approvals (CE , ATEX , etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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A. 1.1
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A. 1.2 Safety ....................................................................... 5
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A. 1.2.1 Explanation of designations (safety terminology and symbols) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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A. 1.2.2 General guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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A. 1.2.3 Safety labels .................................................................. 7
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A.1.2.4 Material safety data sheet (MSDS) ................................................ 12
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A. 1.2.5 Noise level data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
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A. 1.2.6 Rigging and lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
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A.2 Transport and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
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A. 2.1 Transport and handling requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
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A.2.2 Rigging and lifting (for lineshaft-style pumps types VS1 , VS2 , VS3 , VS6 , and VS7) .......... 13
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A. 2.3 Receipt , inspection , and damage reporting ......................................... 14
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A.2 .4 Unpacking ................................................................... 14
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A.2.5 Storage ..................................................................... 14
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A. 2.5.1 Recommended storage environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
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A.2.5.2 Uncontrolled storage moisture protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
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A. 2.5.3 Short-term storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
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A. 2.5.4 Long-term storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
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A. 2.6 Disposal of packaging materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
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Product description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
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A.3.1 Configuration ................................................................. 16
A. 3.2 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
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A.3.2.1 Nameplate information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17

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A.3 .2.2 Pump ....................................................................... 17

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A.3.2.3 Parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
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A. 3.3 Auxiliaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
A. 3.4 Support systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
A.4 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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A.4 .1 Factory support requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17

A .4 .2 Location " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved 111

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A .4 .2.1 Checking wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
A .4 .2.2 Checking wet pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
A. 4.3 Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
A. 4.3.1 Seismic analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Rigging and Ii하 ing ............................................................. 21
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A.4 .5 Baseplate ................................................................... 21
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A .4 .5.1 Leveling ..................................................................... 21
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A.4.5.2 Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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A. 4.6 Piping and connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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A. 4.6.1 Piping , general guidelines ....................................................... 22
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A .4 .6.2 Nozzle loads ............................................... -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A. 4.6.3 Check valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.4.6 .4 Strainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A.4 .7 Clearance setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A. 4.8 Alignment ................................................................... 26
A .4 .8.1 Auxiliary (driver, coupling , etc.) ................................................... 27
A .4 .8.2 Hot alignment considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A.4 .9 Lubrication , priming , and cooling systems .......................................... 29
A. 4.10 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A.4 .11 Control , monitoring , and alarm equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A. 4.11.1 Stopping unitlreverse runaway speed .............................................. 30
A. 5 Commissioning , start-up , operation , and shut-down ................................... 31
A.5.1 Lubrication ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A.5.2 Rotation ..................................................................... 31
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A.5.3 Guarding .................................................................... 31
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A.5.4 Check list - start-up ........................................................... 31
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A.5 .4 .1 System flushing ............................................................... 31
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A.5.4.2 Priming by ejector or exhauster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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A.5 .4 .3 Priming by vacuum pumps ...................................................... 32
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A.5.4.4 Shaft sealing settings and adjustments (mechanical seals , packing , etc.) .................. 32
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A.5.5 Staπ_-up ， operation , and shut-down ................................................ 34
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A. 5.5.1 Minimum continuous f1 0w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
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A. 5.5.2 Minimum thermal flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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A.5.5.3 Lubrication system settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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A. 5.5 .4 Drive system settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

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A.5.5.5 Valve settings and operation (timing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

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A.5.5.6 Condition monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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A. 5.5.7 Vibration (alarms and trip points) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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A. 5.5.8 Performance testing/verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

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A. 5.5.9 Bearing temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
iv Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

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A. 6 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
A. 6.1 Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
A. 6.1.1 Cold weather maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
A. 6.1.2 Wear/parts replacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
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A. 6.2 Recommended spare 39
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A. 6.3 Consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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A.6 .4 Required tools and fixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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A. 6.5 Fastener torques , rotation direction , and sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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A. 6.6 Pump decontamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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A. 6.7 Disassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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A. 6.8 Inspection ................................................................... 41
A.6.8.1 Acceptance criteria and dimensions ............................................... 41
A.6.8.2 Shaft straightening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
A. 6.9 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
A. 6.9.1 Clearances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
A.6.10 Auxiliary equipmen t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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A. 7 Troubleshooting guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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A. 7.1 Hydraulic performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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A.7.1.1 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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A. 7.1.2 Flow ....................................................................... 42
A. 7.1.3 Power............ ................. ......................................... 44
A:7.2 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
A.7.2.1 Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
A.7.2.2 Bearing temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A. 7.2.3 Noise ....................................................................... 45
A.7.3 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A. 8 Parts Ii sting and cross-sectional drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
디。
A. 9 Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
-「
g :
즈〕
A.9.1 Why product certification matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
그틀
∞m
A. 9.2 UL and CSA-US acceptance .................................................... 56
-a
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A.9.3 Authorized testing locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
{〈
〕→
A.9.3.1 Underwriters Laboratories , Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
@그
「
A.9.3.2 Canadian Standards Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

m。〔
B-
〕-m
A. 10 Other relevant documentation and manuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

B
(긍m
E
E-。
α
P그
Appendix B Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
그
·。‘ε〈
〈〈〈〔으
Figures
m허각mm--。。크-
A. 1 - Identification plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
A. 2 - Typical deep well type installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
A. 3 - Typical foundation bolt , leveling screw , and grout details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved V

。。
1〈;
「ιIE
BamE그m--
A .4 - Alternate method for leveling with wedges or shims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
。m
A. 5 - Pump system with eccentric reducer in suction pipe ......................................... 23
-그mm
A.6 - Pump system with expansion joint in discharge pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24
〔:。」(〕ZQl「
A.7 - Reverse runaway speed ratio versus specific speed (metric). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
A. 8 - Reverse runaway speed ratio versus specific speed (US customary units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A.9 - Packed-type stuffing box ............................................................... 33
}m
A. 10- Veπical pump types - single and multistage ............................................... 45
〈m
〔。}그‘@l디
A. 11-Ve며 cal ， multistage , submersible pump (VS 이 ............................................. 46
A.12 - Deep well pumps (VS1) .............................................................. 47
m。lN。〔〕@
A.13 - Vertical single or multistage , short setting , open lineshaft (VS1) ............................... 48
A. 14 - Mixed flow veπical ， open linesha야 (VS1) ................................................. 49
Vertical double suction , short se야ing ，
:{
A.15 - open lineshaft (VS2) ................................... 50
n。
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A.16 - Vertical , axial flow impellar (propeller) type (enciosed linesha야) below floor discharge
「@@-mZ。
configuration (VS3) .............................................................. 51
A. 17 - Vertical single or multistage barrel or can pump (VS6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ωm그-
A.18 - Vertical double suction , multistage barrel or can pump (VS7) ................................. 53
·〈z。감「윤m「「
A. 19 - Vertical v이 ute multistage double casing pump (VS7a) ....................................... 54
A.20 - Vertically floor-mounted , in-line casing diffuser pump (VS8) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
m깅「g
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VI Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

。。건〈「a1EgmB
Foreword (Not part of 8tandard)
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Scope
The purpose and aims of the Institute are to promote the continued growth of pump knowledge for the interest of
pump manufacturers and to further the interests of the public in such matters as are involved in manufacturing ,
〕Ql〈
engineering , distribution , safety, transportation and other problems of the industry, and to this end , among other
}〔-
things:
m-
리
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To develop and publish standards for pumps;
。그i∞1디m。N
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To collect and disseminate information of value to its members and to the public;
이
To appear for its members before governmental departments and agencies and other bodies in regard to mat-
，。〔〕@「。「:。m그mm-
ters affecting the industry;
이
To increase the amount and to improve the quality of pump service to the public;
리
To support educational and research activities;

n To promote the business interests of its members but not to engage in business of the kind ordinarily carried on
for profit or to perform particular services for its members or individual persons as distinguished from activities
to improve the business conditions and lawful interests of all of its members.
mz-
Purpose of Standards
。m감C
그m
Hydra 비 ic Institute Standards are adopted in the public interest and are designed to help eliminate misun-
그m
derstandings between the manufacturer, the purchaser and/or the user and to assist the purchaser in
@。「그
selecting and obtaining the proper product for a particular need.
「-m〈
2) Use of Hydra 비 ic Institute Standards is completely voluntary. Existence of Hydraulic Institute Standards
깅「。azg-。그。
does not in any respect preclude a member from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to the
Standards.
Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic Institute

Quoting from Article XV, Standards , of the By-Laws of the Institute , Section B:
-「ω
깅그
“An Institute Standard defines the product , material , process or procedure with reference to one or more of the fol-
m앙
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lowing: nomenclature , composition , construction , dimensions , t이 erances ， safety, operating characteristics , perfor-
〈g
πlance ， qualitι rating , testing and service for which designed."
。m
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Comments from users
그。잉-잉「Egmgσ
Comments from users ofthis Standard will be appreciated , to help the Hydraulic Institute prepare even more useful
future editions. Questions arising from the content of this Standard may be directed to the Hydraulic Institute. It will
direct all such questions to the appropriate technical committee for provision of a suitable answer.
If a dispute arises regarding contents of an Institute publication or an answer provided by the Institute to a question
such as indicated above , the point in question shall be referred to the Executive Committee of the Hydra비 ic Insti-
ω。〈-녁
tute , which then shall act as a Board of Appeals.

긍
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Revisions
그그一〔“
The Standards of the Hydraulic Institute are subject to constant review, and revisions are undertaken whenever it is
“。.그
found necessary because of new developments and progress in the art. If no revisions are made for five years , the
‘s~5〈〈·E。그gam-。。B·
standards are reaffirmed using the ANSI canvass procedure.
Hydraulic Institute 8tandards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved VII

。。-〕〈그띠그〔ma그 」 m E 「
Units of measurement
Metric units of measurement are used; and corresponding US customary units appear in brackets. Charts , graphs ,
and sample calculations are also shown in both metric and US customary units. Since values given in metric units
are not exact equivalents to values given in US customary units , it is important that the selected units of measure to
」(
be applied be stated in reference to this standard. If no such statement is provided , metric units shall govern.
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Consensus for this Standard was achieved by use of the Canvass Method
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The following organizations , recognized as having an interest in the standardization of vertical pumps , were con-
」mm
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tacted prior to the approval of this revision of the Standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that the
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→∞’디m?N。〔)∞*。그5@그mz
organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed Standard to ANS I.
Bantrel Malcolm Pirnie North America
City of Atlanta Marathon Petroleum Company LLC
GIW Industries , Inc. Peerless Pump Company
Grundfos Pumps Corporation Pentair Water
Healy Engineering Sulzer Pumps (US) Inc.
J.A.S. Solutions Ltd. Weir Floway, Inc.
John Crane Inc. Weir Minerals North America
Committee Li st
Although this standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the canvass method , a working com-
m。m
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mittee met many times to facilitate its development. At the time the standard was approved , the committee had the
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following members:
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Chair - Fred Walker, Weir Floway, Inc.
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Vice-chàir - Roger Turley, Flowserve Pump Division
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Committee Members Company
Edward Allis Peerless Pump Company
James Bonifas Emerson Motors / US Motors
Michael Derr Afton Pumps
Ralph Gabriel John Crane , Inc.
Richard 0 ’ Donnell ITT - Industrial Process
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John Phillips Fairbanks Morse Pump Corporation
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Aleksander Roudnev Weir Minerals North America
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Arnold Sdano Fairbanks Morse Pump Corporation
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Constantino Senon MWH Americas , Inc.
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Other Contributors Company
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William Beekman Weir Floway, Inc.
Randal Ferman Flowserve Pump Division ma
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Allen Hobratschk National Pump Company, LLC
Allseppon Pentair Water
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Peter No lI Peerless Pump Company

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Kees van der Sluijs Flowserve Pump Division

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VIII Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

。。。〈「agmaBmE」
Rotodynamic (Vertical) Pumps for Manuals Describing Installation , Operation , and Maintenance - 2008
2.4 Manuals describing installation, operation , and maintenance
2.4.1 Introduction
The normative portion of this Standard is prescriptive in nature and thereby mandatory for compliance to this Stan-
「。Z
dard; it includes a standard outiine for manufacturers' installation , operation , and maintenance (10M) manuals.
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Appendix A , a collection of 10M reference information arranged per the new standard outline , is informative and not
:
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mandatory for compliance to this Standard. Pump users should refer to the manufacturers' 10M manuals for 10M
mm
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information specific to their equipmen t.
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The objective of this Standard was to establish a standard outline for 10M manuals in order to help pump users
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locate 10M information.
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2.4.2 Scope
This Standard applies to 10M manuals for rotodynamic (ve대 cal) pumps including the following:
a) Vertical , diffuser, deep well (VS1).
b) Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS1 and VS3).
c) Vertical , diffuser, can-mounted (VS6).
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d) Vertical , diffuser, submersible , deep well (VSO).
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e) Vertical , diffuser, submersible , short set (VSO).
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n Vertical , diffuser, double casing , in-line , f1 00r mounted (VS8).
g) Vertical , volute , double suction , wet pit (VS2).

비
Vertical , volute , double suction , can type (VS7).
Vertical , volute , multistage axial split , can type (VS7a).
The standard outline shall be used when writing 10M manuals. The subtopics within each section shall be
addressed when appropriate for the specific pump.
Installation , operation , and maintenance manuals shall be comprised of 10 sections. Each section must appear in
the 10M manual and in the sequence shown. The topics that appear under each section may be combined and/or
arranged to meet the specific needs of the product being addressed. Not all of the topics listed are applicable for all
products and therefore , need not be included in every 10M manual for all products. m。
2.4.3 Standard outline for 10M manuals

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A.1 Introduction and safety

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A.1.1 Marking and approvals (CE 1 , ATEXι ， etc.)

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A.1.2 Safety
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A.1 .2.1 Explanation of designations (safety terminology and symbols)

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A.1.2.2 General guidelines

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A.1.2.3 Safety labels

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Conformit승 Européenne (European health and safety product label).

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2 ATmosphere EXplosibles.
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A. 1.2 .4 Material safety data sheets (MSDSs)
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A.1.2.5 Noise level data
A. 1.2.6 Rigging and lifting
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A.2. Transport and storage
A.2.1 Transport and handling requirements (g-forces)
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A. 2.2 Rigging and lifting
A. 2.3 Receipt , inspection , and damage reporting
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A. 2.4 Unpacking
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A.2.5 Storage (short term and long term , inside and outside)
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A. 2.6 Disposal of packaging materials
A.3. Product description
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A.3.1 Configuration
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A. 3.1.1 Pump , driver, baseplate or soleplate , coupling , etc.
A.3.2 Nomenclature
A.3.2.1 Nameplate information
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A.3.2.2 Pump
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A. 3.2.3 Parts
A. 3.3 Auxiliaries
A.3 .4 Support systems
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A.4. Installation
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A .4 .1 Factory support requirements (field engineer, technician)
A. 4.2 Location
A .4 .3 Foundation
A .4 .3.1 Construction
A .4.4 Rigging and lifting
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A. 4.5 Baseplate (soleplate or pump)
-그
A. 4.5.1 Leveling
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A .4 .5.2 Grouting
A .4 .6 Piping and connections
A .4 .6.1 Piping general guidelines
A .4 .6.2 Nozzle loads
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A .4 .6.3 Check valves
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A. 4.6 .4 Strainers
A. 4.7 Clearance setting
A .4 .8 Alignment
A .4 .8.1 Auxiliary (driver, coupling , etc.)
A .4 .8.2 Hot alignment considerations (prealignment and realignment)
A .4 .9 Lubrication , priming , and cooling systems
A. 4.10 Electrical
〈σ
A. 4.11 Control , monitoring , and alarm equipment (hardware)
A.5. Commissioning , start-up, operation , and shut-down 녁그。ω
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A.5.1 Lubrication
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A.5.2 Rotation
A.5.3 Guarding
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A.5 .4 Checklist - start-up

A.5 .4 .1 System flushing
A.5 .4 .2 Priming by ejector or exhauster
A. 5 .4 .3 Priming by vacuum pumps
〈〈(mg
A. 5 .4.4 Shaft sealing settings and adjustments (mechanical seals , packing , etc.)
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A. 5.5 Start-up , operation , and shut-down

mm，‘。。그」·
A.5.5.1 Minimum continuous flow

A.5.5.2 Minimum thermal flow
A. 5.5.3 Lubrication system settings
2 Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

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Emm
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A. 5.5 .4 Drive system settings
「교---nm그@mZ
A.5.5.5 Valve settings and operation (timing)
A.5.5.6 Condition monitoring
A. 5.5.7 Vibration (alarms and trip points)
A. 5.5.8 Performance testing/verification
A. 5.5.9 Bearing temperature
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A.6. Maintenance
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A. 6.1 Schedule
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A. 6.2 Recommended spare parts
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A.6.3 Consumables
A.6.4 Required t。이 s and fixtures
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A. 6.5 Fastener torques , rotation direction , and sequence
A.6.6 Pump decontamination
A. 6.7 Disassembly
A.6.8 Inspection
A.6.8.1 Acceptance criteria and dimensions
A. 6.8.2 Shaft straightening
A.6.8.3 Wear-ring resuπ'acing
A. 6.9 Assembly
A. 6.9.1 Clearances
A.6.10 Auxiliary equipment - see separate documentation
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A.7. Troubleshooting guide
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A.7.1 Hydraulic performance
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A. 7 .1.1 Pressure
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A.7.1.2 Flow
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A.7.1.3 Power
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A. 7.2 Mechanical
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A. 7.2.1 Vibration
A. 7.2.2 Bearing temperature
A. 7.2.3 Noise
A.7.3 Electrical , instrumentation , and controls
A.8. Parts listing and cross-sectional drawings
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A.9. Certification
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A.10. Other relevant documentation and manuals
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A.10.1 Motor manuals
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Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved 3

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Appendix A - Installation , Operation , and Maintenance Manual Reference Information - 2008
Appendix A
Installation, Operation , and Maintenance Manual

Reference Information
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mma
This appendix is not part of this Standard , but is presented to help the user with factors referenced in the Standard.
。S그‘∞‘디mN
A.1 Introduction and safety
。
Vertical pumps , when properly installed and operated , and when given reasonable care and maintenance , will
。，〔〕@*。「허
operate satisfactorily for a long period of time. The following paragraphs outline the general principles that should
be considered to ensure trouble-free pump operation.
:@
Vertical pumps are built in a wide variety of designs and for many different services. The manufacturer’s instruction
。@
m-
book should be studied carefully and followed , as there may be specific requirements for a partic비 ar machine or
- @Zm@。
application that cannot be covered in a general discussion.
The installation and service manual and/or special instructions included in the shipment should be read thoroughly
Z。그E
before installing or operating the equipmen t. AII instructions regarding maintenance should be retained for refer-
-그
ence.
〈 뇨m「「m깅「。ag“흐。그。「gi〈〈。각
A.1.1 Marking and approvals (CE , ATEX, etc.)
It is a legal requirement that machinery and equipment put into service within certain regions of the world shall con-
form to the applicable CE marking directives covering machinery and , where applicable , low-voltage equipment ,
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) , Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) , and equipment for potentially explo-
sive atmospheres (ATEX).
Where applicable the directives and any additional approvals cover important safety aspects relating to machinery
and equipment and the satisfactory provision of technical documents and safety instructions. Where applicable this
document incorporates information relevant to these directives and approvals. To confirm the approvals applying
and if the product is CE marked , check the serial number plate markings and the certification (see Section A.9).
A.1.2 Safety
「:즈
Legal requirements and local reg 비 ations may differ substantially with regard to particular safety requirements and
〕m그
틀α
may be regularly modified by relevant authorities without notice. As a consequence , applicable laws and regula-
@σ
-〈
tions should be consulted to ensure compliance. The following cannot be guaranteed as to its completeness or
continuing accuracy. m녁
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3。
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A.1.2.1 Explanation of designations (safety terminology and symbols)

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These user instructions contain specific safety markings where nonobservance of an instruction would cause haz-
gm
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ards. The specific safety markings are:

E·
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This symb이 indicates electrical safety instructions where noncompliance will involve a high risk
소DANGER
그。m--〈〈〈〈〈〈·$。그앙「m잊。。그}·
to personal safety or the loss of life.
This symb이 indicates safety instructions where noncompliance would affect personal safety and
&. could result in loss of life.
Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved 5

。。，a
〕효〈@
「gBmE「퍼---。m그“$Z
This symb이 indicates “ hazardous and toxic fluid" safety instructions where noncompliance would
않늙 affect personal safety and could result in loss of life.
This symb이 indicates safety instructions where noncompliance will involve some risk to safe
l&c뻐TIONI operation and personal safety and/or would damage the equipment or property.
qQgl
This symb이 indicates explosive atmosphere zone marking according to ATEX. It is used in safety
훨확
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instructions where noncompliance in the hazardous area would cause the risk of an explosion.
(’〕
「
」mm。그‘∞D
잃또] This sign is not a safety symb이 but indicates an important instruction in the assembly process.
‘m?N。〔〕@{。「:。@그ω·
A.1.2.2 General guidelines
These instructions must always be kept close to the product’s operating location or directly with
A the product.
Products are designed , developed , and manufactured with state-of-the-art technologies in modern facilities. The
unit is produced with great care and commitmentJo continuous quality control , utilizing sophisticated quality tech-
niques and safety requirements.
mzm
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The manufacturer is committed to continuous quality improvements and being of service for any further information
은m
그ζ
about the product in its installation and operation or about its support products , repair, and diagnostic services.
그m
mm「。「
These instructions are intended to facilitate familiarization with the product and its permitted use. Operating the
그m
product in compliance with these instructions is important to help ensure reliability in service and avoid risks. The
-b
instructions may not reflect all current legal requirements and local regulations; ensure that such requirements and
〈「。gzg-。그。「그m{〈
regulations are observed by all , including those installing the product. Always coordinate repair activity with opera-
tions personnel , and follow all plant safety requirements and applicable safety and health laws/regulations.
A These instructions sh이Id be read prior to ins떠lling，

operating , using, and maintaining the equip-
ment in any region worldwide. The equipment must not be put into service until all the conditions relating
to safety noted in the instructions have been met.
Information in these user instructions is believed to be reliable. In spite of all the efforts to provide sound
디〈-m
and necessary information, the content of this manual may appear insufficient and is not guaranteed as to
〔t)
its completeness or accuracy.
「「:〕
츠σ틀
〈
Products are manufactured to exacting international quality management system standards as certified and
그m→
@g그
audited by external quality assurance organizations. Genuine parts and accessories have been designed , tested ,
and incorporated into the products to help ensure their continued product quality and performance in use. Incorrect E。b그
m一「
incorporation of substitute parts from other suppliers and accessories may adversely affect the performance and
m그
safety features of the products. The failure to. properly select , install , or use authorized parts and accessories is
。-
그
긍-
considered misuse. Damage or failure caused by misuse is not covered by the warranty. In addition , modification of
mi
(
products or removal of original components may impair the safety of these products in their use.
EPE
E
mPg-
·응〈〈〈〈〔@。그m’「mmin。B·
A The product must not be operated beyond the parameters specified for the application is 뻐ere
any doubt as to the suitability of the product for the application intended , contact the manufacturer for
advice, quoting the serial number.
If the agreed on conditions of service are going to be changed (for example , liquid pumped , temperature , or duty) ,
it is recommended that the user seek the manufacturer’s written agreement before start-up.
6 Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved

。。。〈그띠흥maBm$「:보=。
A.1.2.3 Safety labels
A.1.2.3.1 Personnel qualification and training
AII personnel involved in the operation , installation , inspection , and maintenance of the unit must be qualified to
carry out the work involved. If the personnel in question do not already possess the necessary knowledge and skill ,
ZQ@I《
appropriate training and instruction must be provided.
그Im「m
If required , the operator may commission the manufacturer/supplier to provide applicable training.
mgm。
a그」
Always coordinate repair activity with operations and health and safety personnel , and follow all plant safety
→〔∞，
requirements and applicable safety and health laws and reg 비 ations.
〕。m
i。。
N 〔)@「。「:。m그mm·
A.1.2.3.2 Safety action
This is a summary of conditions and actions to prevent injury to personnel and damage to the environment
and to equipment.
소DANGER NEVER DO MAINTENANCE WORK WHEN THE UNIT IS CONNECTED TO POWER
mz-
。m
&.
EZ
GUARDS MUST NOT BE REMOVED WHILE THE PUMP IS OPERATIONAL
그ω그@m
。「
빼PAND ISO내J"E DISMANT니NG
그「
&.
-m
DRAINTHE PIPEWORK BEFORE THE PUMP
〈깅「。(는당-。그。「그m’은
The appropriate safety precautions should be taken where the pumped liquids are hazardous.
소 FLUORO-ELASTOMERS (When fitted.)

When a pump is subjected to temperatures over 250 oC (482 OF) , partial decomposition of fluoro-elastomers (for
example , Viton) will occur. In this condition; these are extremely dangerous and skin contact must be avoided.
&. HAND Ll NG COMPONENTS
디E
Many precision parts have sharp corners , thus wearing appropriate safety gloves and equipment is required when
。E「σ
handling these components. To lift heavy pieces above 25 kg (55 Ib) , use a crane appropriate for the mass and in
즈g
accordance with current local reg 비 ations.
그m
@a-σ
ω〈깅
i소ß. 재
T HERMALSH배OC 녁m그「
。B
Rap
미i벼
dc미han!‘gesin the temperature of the liquid within the pump can cause thermal shock that can result in damage
그
m。
-
or breakage of components and should be avoided.

一-
:
m@m
。긍
그aE
~
·n--그。--〈〈〈〈〈〈--m。그앙「mm(‘。。크
APP 다'ING HEAT TO DISASSEMBLE A PUMP
If heat is used to disassemble a pump , then it must be applied with great care. For example , there may be occa-
sions when the impeller has either been shrunk to fit onto the pump shaft or has become difficult to remove due to
corrosive products. Before applying heat to remove an impeller, ensure any residual hazardous liquid trapped
between the impeller and pump shaft is thoroughly drained out through the impeller keyway to prevent an explosion
or emission of toxic vapor.

。。-〕〈m그
a크@g
동m「￡--
Because impeller design varies , so does temperature , location , and duration of heat application. Contact the man-
ufacturer for help.
m-g。
vmaS
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHOULD HEAT BE USED TO EXPAND OR CUT A THREADED IMPELLER FROM
THE SHAFT. Personal injury and damage to equipment could occur as a result of an explosion. A shaft wrench
」(Z
may be provided to assist with impeller remova l. A release collar may also be provided to assist with impeller
〕Ql스
remova l.
}」「mm 。그i∞i디m。，
A release collar will typically be provided for larger pumps with impeller thread sized 125 mm (5 in) and greater.
소 HOT (and COLD) PARTS
N。(〕@강「m
If hot or freezing components or auxiliary heating supplies can present a danger to operators and persons entering
the immediate area , then action must be taken to avoid accidental contact. If complete protection is not possible ,
the machine access must be Ii mited to maintenance staff only, with clear visual warnings and indicators to those
entering the immediate area. Note: Bearing housings must not be insulated and drive motors and bearings may be
:그。
mmm-mC。
hot.
If the temperature is greater than 68 oC (154 OF) or below 5 oC (41 OF) in a restricted zone , or exceeds local
regulations , action as above shall be taken.
ωm그-
·z〈。윤극@「「
4월 HAZARDOUS UQUIDS
When the pump is handling hazardous liquids , care must be taken to avoid exposure to the Ii quid by appropriate
m틱。〔는(””-。그。「
setting of the pump , limiting personnel access , and by operator training. If the Ii quid is flammable and/or explosive ,
strict safety procedures must be applied.
Gland packing must not be used when pumping hazardous liquids.
| ÂC뻐TION1 PREVENT EXCESSIVE EXTERNAL PIPE 때D

Do not use pump as a support for piping. Do not mount expansion joints , unless allowed by the manu떠cturer in
-그
m
깅밍
writing , so that their force , due to internal pressure , acts on the pump flange.
m「〈
크-〈Z。
ma
|스C뻐TION1 뼈RICATION
「디
ENSURE CORRECT
·즈-앙
그E
(See Section A.5 , Commissioning , start-up , operation , and shut-down.)
「
。gmaσ〈녁그)
l&.C뻐TION1 START THE PUMP AT REDUCED SPEED OR WITH THE OUTLET VA내태만α OPENED
(U 미 ess otherwise instructed at a specific point in the user instructions.) 〔Bm。그 mEm크 -。
This is recommended to minimize the risk of overloading and damaging the pump motor at full or zero flow. Pumps
may be started with the valve further open only on installations where this situation cannot occur. The pump outlet
control valve may need to be adjusted to comply with the duty following the run-up process. (See Section A.5 ,
j--
Commissioning , start-up, operation , and shut-down.)

υ그·〔
·εεξ
|스CAUTIDr“l1 NEVER
당·〕앙
$「m잉。。그}·
|i
소ß.CAUTI
JTIOI
까 아야이씨
씨Nv‘、‘J니11 씨
11NιL또E단
따T미V뻐'A~바VES TO BE Fl刊바
UJιL니LYOPE타태N애
빼HE타타f\‘‘\‘‘때‘
W
Running the pump at a flow 떠te below the manufacturer's recommended minimum f1 0w rate will cause damage.
8 Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved

。。3〈그잉흥mgBma그모:nm」
Appendix A -Installation , Operation , and Maintenance Manual Reference Information - 2008
|IÎ\.c뻐TIONI DO NOT RUN THE PUMP CONTINUOUSLY OUTSIDE THE ALLOWABLE OPE때ING
REGION
Operating at a f1 0w rate higher than normal or at a flow rate with no backpressure on the pump may overload the
motor and cause cavitation. Low flow rates may cause a reduction in pump/bearing li힘， overheating of the pump ,
instability, and cavitation/vibration.
그(ω
Z
〕mQI
A.1.2.3.2.1 Products used in potentially explosive atmospheres
Q;S
I「mm 。그→@，。m
옳 Measures are req뼈 to:
Avoid excess temperature
l。。
N 〔)’}{。「:nm그m·
Prevent buildup of explosive mixtures
Prevent the generation of sparks
Prevent leakages
Maintain the pump to avoid hazard
mzm。-
The following instructions for pumps and pump units , when installed in potentially explosive atmospheres , must be
Eω표ζ
followed to help ensure explosion protection. Both electrical and nonelectrical equipment must meet the require-
허ω
ments of European Directive 94/9/EC.
「@
「。m그
A.1.2.3.2.2 Scope of compliance
깅-「〈。ggu=。그。「그@”른。g「
훨 Use equipment 0미y in the zone for which it is appropriate. Always check 빼
th떠a하빠빼t따th벼e애빼빼빼
때때dψ띠r꺼뼈빠
ivV얘e랴때빠C찌때dr디iv띠뼈
assemψb
비|ψyι’
seal , and pump equipment are suitably rated and/or certified for the c1 assification of the specific atmo-
sphere in which they are to be installed.
Where the manufacturer has supplied only the bare shaft pump , the Ex rating applies only to the pump. The party
responsible for assembling the pump set shall select the coupling , driver, and any additional equipment, with the
necessary CE Certificate/Declaration of Conformity establishing it is suitable for the area in which it is to be
installed.
m즈S그
The output from a variable frequency drive (VFD) can cause additional heating effects in the motor, and the ATEX
σ@g-
Certification for the motor must state that it covers the situation in which electrical supply is from the VFD. This par-
mα
ticular requirement still applies even if the VFD is in a safe area.
A.1.2.3.2.3 Marking a1
σm〈「
녁B그;
〔m{
〕
An example of ATEX equipment marking is shown below. The actual classification of the pump will be engraved on
。m-
B@a
the nameplate.
ω
-
긍。i그
p그-
짧확 때D c IIC 135 T (T4)

。--딛흔-
0
〈E〈
Eauioment Grouo
。그앙「@m(‘。。B·
1= Mining
=
11 Nonmining

。。。〈그잉그aaBmE「:보=。@
드학않파X
2 or M2 = High level protection
=
3 Normal level of protection
Gas and/or Dust

G = Gas
ZQ그I
D = Dust
m
《Im「
qma
c =Constructional safety
m」
(in accordance with EN 13463-5)
。。
그 →∞’m
Gas Grouo (Eauioment Cateaorv 2 onlv)
디。
IIA - Propane (typical)
l。
N 〔〕@{。「:。m그ωm·
IIB - Ethylene (typical)
IIC - Hydrogen (typical)
A.1.2.3.2.4 Avoiding excessive surface temperatures
앓 EN8URE THE EQUIPMENT TEMPE때URE 다A88 8UI재BLE

18 FOR THE HA강RDZONE
Pumps have a temperature class as stated in the Ex rating on the nameplate. These are based on a maximum
mz-
ambient temperature of 40 oc (104 OF). Refer to the manufacturer for higher ambient temperatures.
。mEζ
극Em@
The surface temperature on the pump is influenced by the liquid handled. The maximum permissible liquid temper-
「。
ature depends on the temperature class and must not exceed the values in the table that follows. The temperature
「그
m-
rise at the seals and bearings due to the minimum permitted flow rate is taken into account in the temperatures
건〈
stated.
「。(는。--。그。깅
8urface temperatures above 54 oC (130 OF) can cause irreversible skin damage and , therefore , require insulation to
protect personne l.
Temperature class Temperature limit of liquid handled

(reference NEC a, CEC b, IEC c, Maximum surface temperature (depending on material and construction
「
CENELEC d)
m그
permitted variant - check which is lower)
「B@-
양
T6 85 oC (185 OF)
m
Consult manufacturer
”g
를·
T5 100 oc (212 OF) Consult manufacturer
。。
「-
T4 135 oc (275 OF) 115 oC (239 OF)
즈m
그S
T3 200 oc (392 OF) 180 oc (356 OF)
Pσ
EgmaS、녁
T2 300 oc (572 OF) 275 oC (527 OF)
T1 450 oc (842 OF) 400 oC (752 OF)
a National Electrical Code.

m。그-(
b Commission of the European Communities.

@〕긍B
c International Electrotechnical Commission.

EE
mPP。
d Comité Europ승en de Normalisation Électrotechnique (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization).

-그E〈〈〈{
〈m。그앙「mm3
The responsibility for compliance with the specified maximum liquid temperature is with the plant opera-
tor.
”-.。。
10 Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved

。。-〕〈「;}를ma3 잊 @ 「 ;
I Note:
ι」二:.::.:___j Temperature classification Tx is used when the liquid temperature varies and the pump could be
installed in different hazardous atmospheres. In this case the user is responsible for ensuring that the pump sur-
face temperature does not exceed that permitted in the partic비 ar hazardous atmosphere.
」〔보Z
If an explosive atmosphere exists during the installation , then do not attempt to check the direction of rotation by
〕=
Q。’}
starting the pump unfilled. Even a short run time may give a high temperature resulting from contact between rotat-
m
I〈
ing and stationary components.
그
「m@mm
。a
Where there is any risk of the pump being run against a closed valve generating high liquid and casing external
그a
i∞IDm。l。
surface temperatures , it is recommended that users fit an external surface temperature protection device.
Avoid mechanical , hydraulic , or electrical overload by using motor overload trips , temperature monitor, or a power
N (〕@{。「:。m그@@·
monitor. Make routine vibration measurements. In dirty or dusty environments , reg 비 ar checks must be made and
dirt removed from areas around close clearances , bearing housings , and motors.
A.1.2.3.2.5 Preventing the buildup of explosive mixtures
웰 EN8URE THE PUMP 18 PROPERLY FILLEO ANO VENTEO ANO OOE8 NOT RUN ORY
@z-
Ensure the pump and relevant suction and discharge pipeline system is completely filled with liquid at all times dur-
。m
ing the pump operation , so that an explosive atmosphere is prevented. In addition , it is essential to make sure that
Ez
seal chambers , auxiliary shaft seal systems , and any heating and cooling systems are properly filled.
그m}m
」。m그
If the operation of the system does not allow for this condition , then it is recommended to fit an appropriate dry-run
「-
protection device (for example , liquid detection or a power monitor).
「〈
mz。
깅「그。
The surrounding area must be well ventilated to avoid potential hazards from fugitive emissions of vapor or gas to
。a「
the atmosphere.
g그“**〈〈。「즈그@-ω깅m「Bgm〔‘·。-앙「
A.1.2.3.2.6 Preventing sparks
훨앓학 椰
prr면e뺑ven
To뺏 따t떠a매
뼈빼po야ten따t디ia러|내h때
a랴z겸없때빼
a하낌때r띠때d
from me빼
때빼
chh벼an떼미i빼
c떠a리떼때
m Ic따뼈con마t떠a
없
a랴빼c다없t，’ t뼈h벼e coω뼈빼
u때p미삐빼|
static for Category 2 (see 8ection A. 1.2.3.2.3).
To avoid the potential hazard from random induced current generating a spark , the ground contact on the base-
plate must be used.
Avoid electrostatic charge: 00 not rub nonmetallic surfaces with a dry cloth; ensure cloth is damp.
The coupling must be selected to comply with 94/9/EC and correct alignment must be maintained.
A.1.2.3.2.7 Preventing leakage
앓 The pump must 0미y be used to handle liquids for which it has been approved to ha빠he correct corrosion
s~
resistance.
:
5〈니
〈·g
Avoid entrapment of liquid in the pump and associated piping due to closing of suction and discharge valves , which
Em
。그
could cause dangerous excessive pressures to occur if there is heat input to the liquid. This can occur if the pump
a앙σ
「m
is stationary or running.
〈E녁
。。그B。그一”。그m。-m긍--。

。。-〕〈「ag@ag
Bursting of liquid-containing parts due to freezing must be avoided by draining or protecting the pump and auxiliary
-E
systems.
-
。g
-mm
그m
Where there is the potential hazard of a loss of a seal barrier fluid or external flush , the fluid must be monitored.
「mαS」Z〔
If leakage of liquid to atmosphere can result in a hazard , then the installation of a liquid detection device is recom-
Q〕
mended.
’}〈{
A.1.2.3.2.8
m」
Maintenance to avoid the hazard
m「
。그→∞
앓 뼈10 POTENTIAL HA강ROS THAT HAVE A RISK OF
l。mnlN
PROPER MAINTENANCE IS REQUIREO TO
EXPLOSION
φ。*
。〔「
The responsibility for compliance with maintenance inst띠ctions is with the plant operator.
〕 :。m그mmm·m
To avoid potential explosion hazards during maintenance , the tools , cleaning , and painting materials used must not
give rise to sparking or adversely affect the ambient conditions. Where there is a risk from such t。이 s or materials ,
maintenance must be conducted in a safe area.
It is recommended that a maintenance plan and schedule be adopted and include the following (see Section A. 6 ,
·zz。
Maintenance ):
m감m그
。그
a) Any auxiliary systems installed must be monitored to ensure they function correctly.
그-
@〈「「m깅「。(나ζg-。
b) Gland packings must be adjusted correctly to give visible leakage and concentric alignment of the gland f，이
lower to prevent excessive temperature of the packing or the follower.
c) Check for any leaks from gaskets and seals. The correct functioning of the shaft seal must be checked regu-
larly.
d) Check bearing lubricant level , and verify if the hours run show a lubricant change is required.
-그ω〕
{
e) Check and verify that the duty condition is in the safe operating range for the pump.
。 m「
「3그-영
f) Check vibration , noise level , and surface temperature at the bearings to confirm satisfactory operation.
2〈m디a
-
〈·m
g) Check that dirt and dust are removed from areas around close clearances , bearing housings , and motors.
。E「σ
비
즈g
Check coupling alignment and realign if necessary.
A.1.2.4 Material safety data sheet (MSDS) 그m

띠gσ〈녁그m
현또] Asama야er p밟ice， s빼ty

。。그
-}
of general material data sheets are not supplied with the pumps. If the con-
m”
tract requires them , they will be placed in Section 10 (Other relevant documentation and manuals) of the 10M man-
gE
。E
ual.
P
그P-〈〈은〈〈·?m。B그
A.1.2.5 Noise level data
IAc뻐TIONI Whenever pump noise level exceeds 85 dBA , attention must be given to the prevailing health and
safety laws and regulations for the location to limit the exposure of plant operating personnel to the noise. The typ-
ical sa힘ty level requires limiting the sound level to 90 dBA for 8 hours of exposure. Thereafter, the allowable dBA
· 앙「m잊。。

。。-〕〈「agma3일m그m---。m「그
value increases 5 dBA for each halving of exposure time. The usual approach is to control exposure time to the
noise or to enclose the machine to reduce emitted sound.
You may have already specified a limiting noise level when the equipment was ordered; however, if no noise
requirements were defined , then machines above a certain power level will exceed 85 dB A. In such situations ,
consideration must be given to the fitting of an acoustic enclosure to meet local regulations. Pump noise level is
dependent on a number of factors , including the type of driver fitted , the operating capacity, pipework design , and
acoustics of the building.
mmm。
A.1.2.6 Rigging and lifting
@그a
→S∞
l디」
소DANGER
m〔。N
See Section A. 2.2 for proper instructions for safely rigging and lifting the equipmen t.
，
〕。Z
〔φ〕
Q
*。l
A.2 Transport and storage
「;:I
。m그mmm·ω-ε
Where applicable and appropriate for the pump types , unless specifically noted:
A.2.1 Transport and handling requirements
The pump has been prepared for shipment at the factory in such a way as to minimize potential damage due to
handling and transport. The equipment should not be subjected to excessive g-forces during the handling or trans-
z。ω강
port.
m그。그
그@
A.2.2 Rigging and lifting (for lineshaft-style pumps types VS1 , VS2 , VS3 , VS6 , and VS7)
-「
〈「m픽。gzg-ε。그
The following instructions are for the safe handling of the pump. When shipment is received , extreme care should
be exercised during unloading. Heavy parts should be skidded to the ground if lifting equipment is not available. It
is recommended a forklift or crane be used to unload equipmen t. 00 not drop the unit, or any parts , as damage
may result that makes proper assembly or operation of the unit impossible. Particular care and close adherence to
the manufacturer’5 recommendations are required when unloading long , slender components , such as shafting.
Improper placements of slings or chains can result in deformation or other serious damage.
「。즈「
그그
For a relatively short pump , it may be convenient to install the column and shaft sections directly from the transport-
@
깅잉
m-「
ing vehicle. This might be true , for example , for a pump whose overall length is 9 m (30 야) or less.
ωB-Zmg·윤。
For pumps that will be installed in a vertical position , all the parts should be located close to the location where the
pump will be installed. Clear a large area around the well or sump as a working space for laying out the pump parts
to prepare them for installation. Arrange timbers parallel on the ground in the cleared area to support the pump c이
σ-gmmaσ〈녁그。E
umn and shafts.
Prior to installation , take inventory (see Section A. 2.3 Inspection and damage reporting below) of the shipment to
ensure that the parts received match the list of parts on your order. If the shaft sections were shipped crated , one
end of the crate may be opened for a coun t. Leave the rest of the crate intact to protect the shaft sections during
mω
unloading.
。-。
크
m-그EP
It is strongly recommended that pump parts too heavy to be lifted by hand be lifted from the transporting vehicle
-그。.‘〈〈흔〈〈·nE
with a suitable hoist. If this is impossible , they may be unloaded by slowly and carefully skidding them down an
incline. Li fting chains or cables should not be allowed to contact machined surfaces. If the shaft sections were
shipped crated , they should be unloaded from the vehicle in the crate and not be uncrated until ready for installa-
tion.
Parts provided with lifting lugs , lifting ears , or eyeb이 ts should be lifted by these points only.
。Bg}앙「@잊

。。{;
〕}〈g
「maB그m
Column , tube , and shaft sections should be handled with extreme care. These parts are machined to achieve pre-
@{--
cision alignmen t. If dropped , bent , or otherwise mistreated , misalignment and pump malfunction will occur. Shafts
m-m
are especially sensitive to abuse. Bent or dropped shafts should not be used; they are certain to cause pump fail-
。m@a
ure.
그S」(Z
Certain extra-Iong , relatively small-diameter bowl units may be shipped attached to skids bearing a special notation
〕Ql〈
such as:
}I「mm 。그→∞
00 NOT REMOVE THIS PROTECTIVE SKIO UNTIL THE BOWL UNIT IS IN A VERTICAL
|.Lß.CAUTIONI POSITION , REAOY TO BE INSTALLEO IN THE WELL OR SUM P. RETAIN THIS SKIO FOR USE
WHEN REMOVING THE BOWL UNIT FROM THE WELL OR SUMP.
1디m。‘
Basket strainers may be shipped loose from the suction manifold to avoid damage to the strainer when lifting the
N。〔〕@*5
pump.
A.2.3 Receipt, inspection, and damage reporting
。m그
그mmmmzmm
Vertical turbine pumps are normally shipped without the driver attached. The pump itself may be shipped assem-
‘
bled (typically 9 m [30 ft] or less in length) or as a bowl assembly, c이 umn and shafting , discharge head , and driver.
It is important that all the components for a pump unit be identified and properly stored until installation is to be
。그-
done. There may be many small pa야s (such as lineshaft couplings) that are best left in their shipping container until
-〈
installation.
z。윤그그@「
On receipt of the pump , immediately check for shortages of parts and damages. Prompt reporting to the carrier’s
agent , with notations made on the freight 비 1 ， will expedite satisfactory adjustment by the carrier.
m
깅「「。〔등。:。그。「그
Immediately on receipt of the pump equipment , check carefully to see that all items have been received and are in
undamaged condition. Report any shortage or damage to the transport company handling the shipment and to the
equipment manufacturer, noting the extent of damage or shortage on the freight bill and bill of lading. This should
be done at once. 00 not unpack any more than required to verify that the equipment is complete and undamaged
unless installation is to be done immediately. 00 not leave the pump unit or any accessories exposed to weather or
construction hazards , which may cause damage to the equipmen t. (See Storage below.)
-*
A.2.4 Unpacking
ω
깅*m「〈
걱
=〈
As stated above , do not unpack any more than required to verify that the equipment is complete and undamaged
2m
。a「
unless installation is to be done immediately. Check all packing material that is to be discarded to verify that no
-。즈
parts or instructions are being accidentally discarded as wel l. It is best to leave small parts in their shipping con-
-g그
「:
tainer until installation so they do not get lost. Make certain that accessories with a pump unit are clearly marked
잉〕m틀qσ
showing which pump unit they are to be used with. Clean all parts of all dirt , packing materials , and other foreign
matter. Clean all noncoated machined surfaces. If the pump is to be installed immediately, then clean all coated
〈녁그。m
machined surfaces too. Remove any rust spots found on the machined surfaces with a fine emery c1 oth. Clean all
threaded connections and any accessory equipmen t. 그。〕
그 ω 。-m
A.2.5 Storage
긍EP -그。.‘특
The standard packaging is suitable for protection during shipment and during covered storage at the jobsite for a
short period between installation and start-up. The preservatives applied at the factory have an effective life of two
to three months from date of shipment , depending on the severity of the environment in which the equipment is
stored.
·〈E
으〈
A.2.5.1 Recommended storage environment

‘〈
;〈야「@앙。。그}
Equipment should be protected from flooding and harmful chemical vapors.

。。。〈그pg@aBmE「퍼=5」
Whether indoors or out, the area of storage should be free from ambient vibration. Excessive vibration can
cause bearing damage.
Precautions should be taken to prevent rodents , snakes , birds , or other small animals from nesting inside the
equipmen t. In areas where they are prevalent , precautions should also be taken to prevent insects , such as
@(3
mud dauber and wasps , from gaining access to the interior of the equipmen t.
Z
〕Qm1
m
《E
Contr이 led storage facilities should be maintained with the ambient temperature 5.5 oC (10 OF) above the dew
a「
Smm 。그→@’디m
point temperature , relative humidity less than 50% , and litlle or no dust. If these requirements cannot be met ,
the pump is to be considered in uncontrolled storage.
For uncontrolled storage periods of six months or less , the equipment is to be inspected weekly to ensure that
all preservatives are intact and internals are protected.
l。。
N 〔)@*。「:。m그@m
Periodically inspect and recoat the equipment with water-displacement rust inhibitors (Rust-Ban 392 or equal) ,
crusting grease (Rust-Ban 326 or equa l), vapor phase inhibitor (Shell VPI-260 or equal) , or rust-preventative
coating (Rust-Ban 373 or equal).
A.2.5.2 Uncontrolled storage moisture protection
AII pipe threads and flanged pipe covers are to be sealed with tape. In addition , 4.5 kg (10 Ib) of moisture-
·z
absorbing desiccant or 2.3 kg (5 Ib) of vapor phase inhibitor crystals should be placed near the center of pump.
m。-
Em「Z
If the pump is assembled , then place an additional 0.5 kg (1 Ib) (securely fastened) in the discharge of the
를ωmm
pump.
「。「그
@-
Also install a moisture indicator near the perimeter of the pump.
건〈
「。(느Sz。그。「그m”흔。。
Cover the equipment with 0.15-mm (0.006-i 미 minimum thickness black polyethylene or equal and seal it with
tape. Provide a small ventilation hole approximately 12.7 mm (0.5 in) in diameter.
Provide a roof or shed shelter for protection from direct exposure to the elements.
If equipped , connect space heaters on equipment such as motors , engines , or contr이 s.
A.2.5.3 Short-term storage
-「
The pump and equipment , as shipped , have adequate protection for short-term (up to three months) storage in a
g즈
covered , dry, and ventilated location at the jobsite prior to installation.
「그;P
〕-
Remove and discard stuffing-box packing , if pump is packed type. Fill the stuffing box with a crusting grease
틀m
m건
(Rust-Ban 326 or equal) , then pack the end of the stuffing box with rolled vapor phase inhibitor paper and seal
with weatherproof tape. a@
σ「〈B
녁m
-그
Dry pump internals and spray the liquid end with a water-displacement rust inhibitor (Rust-Ban 392 , Crown
。2
-
〔긍m@
6011 , Arma 245 , Ensis fluid 254 , Sunkote 1303 , or equal).

〕
EaB
Pm-그。
Enclose vapor inhibitor in pump internals (Shell VPI 260 or equal).

〔u그
’
·S〈〈〈〈-$
Apply a film of compatible lube oil over the water-displacement rust preventative. A compatible lube oil is Rust-
Ban 632 or equivalen t.
각m。m
After the pump has been thoroughly drained , cover the pump suction and discharge flanges with full gasket
그-m-。。크
material and blank off these openings with metal blank flanges and a minimum of four full-sized bolts. Cover
the pump stuffing-box opening with a nonhygroscopic tape. If packed-type pump , the packing gland may be left

。。。〈그띠그{@aB잊@그ω=:
on the pump sha야， but should be wired or otherwise securely fastened in position. If mechanical seals have
been used , then the annular opening between gland plate and shaft should be closed by a removable sealing
ring supplied by the pump original equipment manufacturer (OEM) to exclude airborne dust. Additionally, all
connections in the seal cartridge must be plugged or sealed.
AII exposed machined surfaces should be thoroughly coated with a firm film rust-preventative material (Rust-
ZQu’@
Ban 373 , CRC-SP-350 , Enis fluid 264 , Protec 612801 , or equal) that is readily removable with a petr이eum dis-
}그
tillate product.
〈(
@
m」m
m「
AII exposed painted surfaces should be dry, clean , and free of grease and other contaminates.
。
a그S
→」∞’
The pump should be covered with a weather-resistant cover of waterproof paper or plastic to prohibit the
(디〕mnlN。〔〕@
buildup of dirt and dust accumulations.
The pump should be inspected at regular periods during storage , and the pump shaft should be rotated by
hand at intervals of approximately four to six weeks.
허{m。
To place the pump in operation , 러 1 protective coverings and coatings should be properly removed. If packed-
m「-
type pump , then repack with the proper number of packing rings in each stuffing box in accordance with normal
:m。Z
repair and maintenance instructions furnished with the pump.
m-@@
·。
Rotate pump shaft several revolutions at least once per week to coat the bearing with lubricant and to retard
z그
。E
oxidation and corrosion , flat spots , and staining.
-그
〈그m「「m깅「
Long-term storage procedures should be followed as detailed by the OEM when the start-up of equipment is
made over three months from the date of shipment from the factory.
z
A.2.5.4 long-term storage
。。그
〔。는「
If the equipment will be subject to extended (more than three months) storage prior to installation and commission-
。그@(〈〈。「즈그∞디
ing , then the standard warranty of the equipment may be affected. At the time of pump specification and/or order
placement , the equipment manufacturer should be advised about the extended storage duration so that special
long-term storage protection can be provided for the equipment prior to shipping to the jobsite. Periodic rotation of
the pump and driver shaft is recommended during long-term storage (consult the equipment manufacturer as to the
frequency) , and inspection of the equipment by a factory representative prior to start-up is normally required to
ensure equipment integrity and compliance with warranty requirements.
--
A.2.6 Disposal of packaging materials
m앙
깅응@을
Most of the materials supplied in the pump unit are suitable for recycling. Please conserve our natural resources
「*B@
and recycle these materials.
A.3 Product description -g2

σ@〈a
녁그m(
A.3.1 Configuration
。-
〕@B
There is an identification plate on each pump. The pump rating plate gives identification and rating information. See
E
긍ωP。
Figure A. 1 for an example. Permanent records for this pump are kept by the serial number, which should be refer-
EP
그- 〈〈〈〈·
enced with all correspondence and spare parts orders.
When a driver is supplied , it will also have an identification 미 ate. When requesting information on the driver, both
특E。-」앙「mm(‘。。크
the driver serial number and the pump serial number will be required.
16 Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved

。。‘〕)르잉흥ma
A.3.2 Nomenclature
보=Bn
mmR
A.3.2.1 Nameplate information
그E……m
Information on the nameplate may include the following:
」α(S
Z
〕Qi
Pump manufacturer and location
車、
《E 「mm 。그→∞‘。m
Pump size/model
-車
Serial number
SeriQl GPM
Rated flow
lN。
。〔)@→。「=。@그ωmm
Rated head
RPM H-f
Rated rpm Moolel
Impeller diameter
A.3.2.2 Pump Any PU l'"l p Co ,
·-
Any ToWn , Any St o. te ,
USA
z。
mE
The pump size/model can be given in many dif-
Z그
뽑 륙〉
ω그
ferent formats by different manufacturers. One
m。
style is to identify the size/model with a number
m그
Figure A.1 - Identification plate
「-
and letter(s) , followed by a number, for exam-
「〈
ple , 14A-4. These would represent the nominal
@건「。(는앙-。그。「그m(흔
bowl diameter or well size the bowl assembly would go into , the series of pump, and the number of stages. Another
style would include letters to signify other features , such as nominal bowl diameter, impeller type , bowl type , and
number of stages. An example is 12EJH-3. Still others may add to that the column and head size and the lineshaft
diameter. An example would be an M 12 x 8 VTMC-3-1.0 , where M is medium capacity, 12 is nominal bowl diame-
ter, 8 is column and head size , VT is vertical turbine , M is medium capacity impeller, C is closed-type impeller, 3 is
number of stages , and 1.0 is lineshaft diameter.
A.3.2.3 Parts
Refer to Section A. 8 for a parts listing and cross-sectional drawing.
D。E「
E즈
A.3.3 Auxiliaries
R-
그$@g
(The manufacturer will include information in this section regarding auxiliary equipment supplied with the pump
-σ
unit.)
ω
1〈깅
。녁
그
@一ω
「。B
A.3.4 Support systems
그
m。--
(The manufacturer will include information in this section regarding any support systems supplied with the pump
-@$긍
unit. )
aEPEP-〈〈〈〈〈，
A.4 Installation
A.4.1 Factory support requirements
It is recommended that the services of a manufacturer's erecting engineer be employed for supervising installation
and start-up of the pumping equipment when such equipment is custom-engineered or of a costly, high-precision
〈‘n〔
type. This is to ensure that the machinery is properly installed. The purchaser then also has the opportunity to
。크@- 。그잊「mm
review and see implemented factory-recommended instructions.

。。건〈「agmgBma 「 a - -
A.4.2 location
For pumps that require assembly on site , a clean , drained area should be provided next to the point of installation ,
of adequate size for placing the pump components and driver in the sequence in which they will be installed. Pro-
tective covers should be left on all pump openings until the time of actual installation to prevent dirt and foreign
」(
objects from entering the pump. Protective coatings should likewise be left on machined surfaces to prevent rust-
-Z
〕。Qm
ing. For outdoor installations , the components should be covered with rainproof tarps during the period of installa-
l}그〈
tion for protection against the elements. This is partic비 arly important during freezing conditions to prevent water
ω〔m
from collecting in pump cavities and perhaps causing freezing damage.
}a「m
Sm
AII pumps require regular maintenance. It is therefore important to locate pump discharge piping (and suction pip-
‘。
∞그
ing when applicable) , as well as auxiliary equipment and control and starting panels in such a manner that ade-
’DmN
quate access is provided for maintenance. Adequate floor space and working room should also be provided for
。。，〔〕@{。「:。m「a@·
repair, including parts placemen t.
To minimize frictional head loss , locate the pump so that it can be installed with a short and direct discharge pipe
and with the least number of elbows and fittings. If practical , it should be placed so that it will be accessible for
inspection during operation. The equipment selected should be compatible with the environmen t. Pumps and driv-
ers , other than submersible types , and controls should be protected against flooding.
A.4.2.1 Checking wells
mz‘
。m
NOTE: This section applies to pump types VSO , VS1 , VS2 , and VS3.
감Z
그m그m@
When vertical pumps , either of the lineshaft or submers-
。「
ible type , are to be installed in wells , consideration
그「
-m
should be given to the well before application and instal-
〈강「。(감당-。그。「그잊〈〈
lation (see Figure A.2). Schrader
valve
Installing a unit in a crooked well may bind and distort the
pump column or pump-motor assembly and could result
φz=」
in malfunction. Well straightness should be in accor-

-m
dance with AWWA-A 100. If straightness is in doubt , the

←。ζ}
well should be “ gauged" prior to installation by lowering a

홍 I찌rtl낙뿔「
。ζm」
dummy assembly, slightly longer and larger in diameter

than the actual pump or pump-motor assembly, on a
cable. Gauging is also important when a stepped well
디-
。m
casing is used , with the lower part of the well casing hav-
「〔
ing a smaller inside diameter.
즈「그E
∞g
Wells that have not been properly constructed or devel-
-m
ωq깅
oped , or which produce sand , can be detrimental to a
pump. If a well is suspected of producing an excessive σ@〈「
amount of sand , a unit other than the production pump
→3
Figure A.2 - Typical deep well type installation

그
ω。
should be used to clear the wel l.

-。-
Z
그mm
一긍”
A.4.2.2 Checking wet pits

a
-。-
·
-그그
(
。’U‘
NOTE: This section applies to pump types VSO , VS1 , VS2 , and VS3.
·
〈〈은---$〔
Before starting the installation of pumps in an open pit , there are several checks that can be made. The configura-
tion of the intake structure is now fixed and should be in conformance with the general guidelines provided in ANSII
HI 9.8 , Pump Intake Design. Dimensional checks should be made as follows to preclude installation and servicing
。n그
problems.
。그앙--
「mm

。。R
〕〈그。그{maBgm「;응=
a) Length of pump versus depth of sump.
b) Correct fit of anchor bolts to soleplate and of the soleplate to the pump mounting base.
c) Satisfactory angular location of anchor bolts or correct lineup of discharge head to discharge piping.
」(。Z
〕mQ그
d) Proper conduit location provided for driver.
’ω}〈
m〔m
a)
e) Sufficient head room for handling.
mS「
。그→∞
A.4.3 Foundation
l디@。N
The mass of the foundation should be sufficient , preferably five times that of the pumping equipment , to form a per-
，
。(〕@*。「=。m그@@m
manent and rigid support for the baseplate. This is equally important whether the pump is installed over a pit or
over a well. Baseplate and foundation bolt sizing is critical , partic비 arly on high-pressure pumps , to adequately
restrain reaction forces such as from directional flow change , system transients , and sudden valve closure. Foun-
dation bolts should be selected for appropriate loading. Foundation b이ts should be embedded in the concrete and
located by a drawing or template. A pipe sleeve larger than the bolt should be used to allow movement for final
positioning of the bolts. (See Figure A.3).
z。‘강
m그z프
ωωm「
。「그;
Soleplate
m、깅「。ag“:。그。「그@(〈〈。「즈그잉-ω깅@「
Grout
L25건Omm A
6
Top of foundation left
rough - clean and wet 1>
A
Coat the bolt with an approved A
bond breaking compound
to prevent grout adherence
p
Anchor bolt 1>.
ω3
1>
。-
with sleeve A
-mZ
긍P
A
-m-
흐
a그·
> 1>
(“
Note: After grout is set ,

디.
remove leveling screws

-‘
g딛
and torque anchor bolts

「은
Eξ
1> A
g·m
a
Eggσ
i〈:녁
Figure A.3 - Typical foundation bolt, leveling screw, and grout details
앙그「(
@〕잉.
19
「。

3。
ωB。·
그
。。-a
〕I〈E
「g
BmE「교---。m
CAUTION: Steel support structures may not be stiff enough even if their mass exceeds five times that of the pump-
ing equipmen t. A civil engineer should review and approve a steel support structure before pump installation.
@q
Vertical pumps (types VS1 , VS2 , VS3 , VS6 , VS7 , and VS8) should be mounted to ensure they rest on a flat surface
그g
”」〔Z
without distortion and to minimize any potential pipe strain.
〕Ql〈
Submersible pumps (type VSO) do not require special alignment at the foundation. However, solid support should
}〔「
be provided for the surface plate from which the unit is suspended , and a watertight seal may also be required to
}mm 。그i∞lDm
prevent well contamination.
Submersible turbine pumps (VSO) require a mounting method sufficient to support the weight of the pump , motor,
and drop pipe.
。，N。〔)@*。m
A.4.3.1 Seismic analysis
When pumps are located in seismically active areas and for certain critical installations , such as nuclear power
「
plants , the pumps , supports , and accessories should be earthquake-resistan t. The design specifications to achieve
그:
m。mm-mζ。
earthquake resistance vary, depending on geographical area , class of the equipment (defining how critical the sur-
vival ofthe equipment is) , and the characteristics (acceleration response) ofthe structure orfoundation supporting
the pump.
ωm그-
·〈
Complete specifications for earthquake-resistance requirements should be supplied by the customer. These
z 。 E 그fa
include:
「「@깅「。(는(“=。그。-
The seismic criteria , such as acceleration , magnitudes , frequency spectrum , location , and direction relative to
pump
The qualification procedure required , i. e. , analysis , testing , or a combination of these and requirements for
operability during and/or after test
Grou홍
hole
Base
「m깅
그@밍
B
「를-。
zm
13t020 mm
「a즈
(0.5 to 0 ‘ 75 in)
·。그
-m∞
「a:
Allowance
g〕
for !evelíng
mg σ〈녁그。그;…
m。Em
Wood frame
그긍 -{-
-pRu--
〈5〈·
ε$。a
그m앙-。
-。B
Figure A.4 - Alternate method for leveling with wedges or shims

。。，〕〈m그
a띠Bm
흥E「a---그
A.4.4 Rigging and lifting
For typical installations , suitable overhead lifting equipment of adequate capacity to lift the driver, the entire pump
nmm
(without driver) , or the heaviest subassembly of the pump should be available at the jobsite when installing or
maS 」(Z
removing the pump.
〕QI〈
Adequate headroom should be provided to accommodate the longest section of the pump to be handled , including
}--m
nggmg.
-m-。
Motor lifting lugs are designed for lifting motors only and should not be used to lift a motor attached to a pump.
「그‘∞
1디m?N。(〕@강「m
Properly sized slings , chains , and shackles should be available for attachment to the equipment lifting lugs. Eye-
b이 ts
are required for handling pump sections when lifting lugs are not provided.
I-beams for supporting pump subassemblies at the foundation should be available when it is necessary to install
the pump in sections. Common millwright’s tools are used for this type of work , including a machinist level to ensure
:
proper leveling of the foundation plate.
그。
mmm-mζ。
A.4.5 Baseplate
ωm
A.4.5.1 Leveling
그-
·〈z。 E 「윤m「「
As shown in Figure A.3 , baseplates may be mounted on a soleplate or sub-base grouted to a concrete foundation.
Baseplates that might capture air during grouting should be vented to prevent voids between the baseplate and the
m깅「g
grout.
。gu。
When the baseplate has been correctly leveled using the leveling screws , it will be supported on rectang 비 ar metal
-그
blocks and the leveling screws. Shims and metal wedges are not recommended and seldom used for leveling
-。「그밍를。「즈
because they are difficult to remove before or after grouting (see Figure A. 3). If shims are used , forms should be
placed to isolate them from the initial application of grout. After the initial grout has cured , the forms and shims may
be removed and the void filled with a second application of grou t.
g그-ω
On large units , small leveling screws made of cap screws and nuts under the soleplate may be used.
킹@「=
그:m
The leveling screw threads should be covered with a nonbinding material , such as grease , putty, or tape , before
다·gmEσgmgσ
grouting , to facilitate their remova l.
A gap of about 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in) should be allowed between the baseplate and the foundation for grouting.
Some well pump installations (types VS1 , VS2 , and VS3) may require a slightly tilted baseplate for correct position-
〈커~5Bm。그 m 。-@:
ing of the pump in the wel l. See Section A .4 .2. Consult the manufacturer for recommendations and acceptance cri-
teria.
A.4.5.2 Grouting
그 ip
The grout material that supports the baseplate is a critical element of the pump support structure and should be
-Ru〈-
carefully selected. If the grout cracks or fails , the structure will be compromised. It is not recommended to grout lev-
eling pieces , shims , or wedges in place because they introduce discontinuities and stress concentrations that may
〈-
cause the grout to crack. Foundation bolts should not be fully tightened until the grout is hardened , usually about 48
특〈E
to 72 hours after pouring. Leveling screws should be removed after the grout has hardened and the holes filled with
〈。-」m
an appropriate sealing materia l.

앙m「t
CAUTION: Do not distort the soleplate by overtightening the foundation bolts.

‘。。그}

n。，〕〈그잉『}{@gB잊m그
A.4.6 Piping and connections
A.4.6.1 Piping , general guidelines
A.4.6.1.1 Pipe supports/anchors{j oints
」m
(Z-
〕m
Suction and discharge piping should be anchored , supported , and restrained near the pump to avoid application of
-I-
forces and moments to the pump in excess of those permitted by the pump manufacturer. See ANSI/HI 9.6.6 , Roto-
}。〈〔
dynamic Pumps for Pump Piping , and ANSI/HI 9.6.2 , Rotodynamic (Centrifugal and Ve야ical) Pumps - A /lowable
m
m」m
그
Nozzle Loads.
「。
ω그m
→Q∞’
In calculating forces and moments , the weights of the pipe , internal thrust , contained fluid and insulation , as well as
S디m
thermal expansion and contraction , should be considered.
νi
〔。N〔〕@{。「:。m그ωm·
If an expansion joint is installed in the piping between the pump and the nearest anchor in the piping , a force equal
to the area of the maximum inside diameter (10) of the expansion joint, times the pressure in the pipe , will be trans-
mitted to the pump. Pipe couplings that are not axially rigid have the same effect. This force may be larger than can
be safely absorbed by the pump or its support system. The Fluid Sealing Association ’s 7겉 chnical Handbook, Non-
Metallic Expansion Joints and Flexible Pipe Connectors presents information on the design of expansion joints and
the calculation of thrust.
mz-。m
Expansion joints or flexible connection provided at the pump suction and discharge may be restrained to prevent
transmitting the load to the pump.
εζ그ω
그@
The allowable thrust values that various compliant pump types can withstand are found in ANSI/HI 9.6.2 , Rotody-
m。
「그
namic (Centrifugal and Vertical) Pumps - A /lowable Nozzle Loads.
「-
@〈깅-
If it is necessary to use an expansion joint or nonrigid coupling , then it is recommended that a pipe anchor be
「5그
。。
located between it and the pump. Note that an anchor provides axial restraint , whereas a pipe support or guide
〔「
does not.
는그。@”를。「즈그∞-ω
If a pipe anchor cannot be used , acceptable installations can also be obtained using tie rods across the expansion
joint or flexible pipe coupling , provided careful attention is given to the design of the tie rods. The total axial elonga-
tion of the tie rod and pipe assembly should not exceed the pump manufacturer’s recommendation. The total axial
rigidity of the tie rods , including their supporting brackets , should equal that of the pipe , or as an alternate , limit
axial deflection to 0.125 mm (0.005 in) when subjected to the maximum working pressure in the system. Many
standard tie rod designs are inadequate for use near pumps because they are based on maximum allowable stress
g깅
only, and do not consider deflection. In fact , some standard tie rod designs result in very high deflection values due
mm
E「
to the use of high-strength steel in the tie rods , which allow high stress values. Since deflection is proportional to
σB
g-
stress , these high allowable stresses result in high deflections.
mα
Zσ@〈
A.4.6.1.2 Suction piping requirements
g녁그。ω그
A vertical pump in a suction barrel (types VS6 , VS7 , and VS7a) or a vertical multistage pump (type VS8) performs
properly only if it is supplied with a steady flow of liquid with a uniform velocity profile and with sufficient pressure to
。-
‘@긍
provide adequate net positive suction head available (NPSHA).

。-그iPEP-〈〈흔〈〈·3$
Failure of the suction piping to deliver the liquid to the pump in this condition can lead to noisy operation , swirling of
liquid around the suspended pump assembly, premature bearing failure , and cavitation damage to the impeller and
inlet portions of the casing.
- 。그앙「m잊‘。。
22 Hydraulic Institute Standards. Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

。。。a
〈g그maBg그m
For pumps operating with suction pressure below
보=。
atmospheric pressure , or handling fluids near their
m그ωmaS」(Z
vapor pressure , the suction line should slope con-
stantly upwards toward the pump to avoid trapping
vapor using eccentric reducers where necessary (see
Figure A.5).
〕Q‘;ζ 「mm 。그→∞’m

In systems where the suction line is not always kept
full of liquid , there is a possibility that a large slug of
air or vapor may be swept into the pump during a
restart , causing a partial or complete loss of pump
prime. Any high point in a suction line will accumulate
디。‘
gas with similar results.
N。(〕@{。「m
Entrained air reduces pump total head and rate of
flow, with amounts as small as 1% by v이 ume affect- Figure A.5 - Pump system with eccentric
ing radial flow pumps , and 3% to 5% affecting axial reducer in suction pipe
:m。m
flow pumps. Cascading water causing air entrainment
@-
should therefore be avoided. For well pumps , the perforated casing should be located below the pump suction.
그mZ。
Return lines into sumps or tanks should terminate a minimum of two pipe diameters below the low liquid leve l.
mm그-Z
Undersized or partially blocked intake screens and trash racks result in similar problems , caused by excess pit
velocity. Adequate provisions for cleaning rotating screens and trash racks should be made.
낱。은그그m「「m깅「。〔는。:。그。X
If it is required to prime the pump before start-up , then the priming connections should be at the high point of the
pump suction chamber.
A permanent vent line back to the suction source at this point may also be desired for pumps operating in a closed
system.
See ANS I/HI 9.8 , Pump Intake Design , for more information.
「그
A.4.6.1.3 Pipe reducers
-
그@*
-*”m
Reducers are installed just ahead of the pump suction when the pipe is larger than the pump nozzle. Reducers
흔
깅「B
used at the pump suction should be of the conical type and sufficiently long to prevent liquid turb비 ence.
。-「
zmg。-앙응을
With the liquid source below the pump , the reducer should be eccentric and installed with the level side up (see
Figure A.5).
$aσ〈녁그。m
Eccentric or concentric reducers may be used when the liquid source is above the pump and the suction piping is
sloping upward towards the source.
A.4.6.1.4 Suction valves and manifolds 그。〕

그 α 。-m
810ck valves should be installed to isolate the pump for safe maintenance.
긍-EP
Foot valves are specially designed check valves sometimes used at the inlet-to-bowl assemblies for well pumps to
그-
keep the column water filled and to prevent backspin and well disturbance caused by rapidly draining water.
。.‘특〈·
A.4.6.1.5 Flow inducers

〈E으
〈i〈a*「@@B
AII submersible motors require a minimum flow of liquid past the motor surface to ensure proper cooling and to
maintain acceptable motor winding temperatures. The minimum flow may be critical to ensure reliable perfor-
mance. Some operating conditions may reduce the flow past the motor. Here are some examples:
(··。。

。。，〕〈「a
B잊-m
-「
Flow may be inadequate if the motor is installed in a large body of water or in a casing much larger in diameter than
m:a
the motor, and the resulting rate of flow is very low.
ω---nm그ωZ
Cascading (top feeding) wells can feed the water directly into the pump without providing adequate flow past the
motor. This may result when the well is not cased above the motor or the water entry areas are above the motor.
Sand and mud may accumulate around the motor.
mQgI
a〈
}」
A suction shroud or flow inducer sleeve is a tube placed over the motor and closed off above the pump intake and
〔(
「
」m
may be critical to ensure reliable performance. It extends to the bottom of the motor to direct water flow to the pump
〕m。그 ‘@1
and past the motor. Thus , all pumped water will pass between the sleeve and the motor. This device also prevents
accumulations around the motor.
디m。N
A.4.6.1.6 Elbow at pump suction
，。〔〕@{。「:。@그mm·
When a straight run of pipe at the pump suction cannot be provided , certain arrangements of fittings should be
avoided for vertical pumps installed in suction barrels and for vertical multistage pumps (VS8). When liquid flows
through an elbow, or makes a turn through a tee , the exit velocity will be strongly nonuniform. Elbows with a plane
perpendicular to the pump shaft should therefore not be used , since a strong vortex motion can be set up in the liq-
uid in the pump barre l. This could lead to a swirling motion in the suspended pump and result in bearing failure ,
noisy operatibn , and cavitation damage in the first stage of the pump assembly. Splitters inside the pump barrel can
be used to break up the liquid swirl.
mz-
。m
Ninety-degree suction elbows should be designed to include guide vanes.
EZ
「ω윤mm
A.4.6.1.7 Suction tanks
。「그「
-m
In many process applications , a suction line may be taken off the side or bottom of a process or storage vesse l.
〈건「。gzg-。그。「그잉〈〈
When this is done , it is necessary to ensure that the submergence level over the inlet to the suction pipe is ade-
quate to prevent vortices. ANSI/HI 9.8 , Pump Intake Design , indicates recommended minimum values of submer-
gence over the inlet as a function of outlet velocity. If operating levels of liquid in the vessel cannot provide the
required submergence at the planned line velocities , then the size of the inlet should be increased as necessary to
reduce the velocity to the point where the submergence is adequate.
A .4 .6.1.8 Discharge valves
A check valve and an is이 ation valve should be

installed in the discharge line. The check valve
디。-m
serves to protect the pump from reverse flow and
「E즈
excessive backpressure. The isolation valve is used
/τ
σ그gm
in priming , starting , and when shutting down the
@σqE
pump. Except on axial flow and mixed flow pumps ,
〈깅녁@
it is advisable to close the isolation valve before
stopping or starting the pump. Operating pumps of 그「〔B
)-
specific speed over 100 (5000) at shut-off may
그(
cause a dangerous increase in pressure or power.

」E@
긍g
If increasers are used on the discharge side of the

-
。E
pump to increase the size of piping , they should be

·
그P
Em
placed between the check valve and the pump. If

PE
-특
expansion joints are used , they should be placed

m특 56
between the pipe anchor and the check valve. (See

Figure A.6.) Figure A.6 - Pump system with expansionjoint in
。그잊「@m*·。。그〕
discharge pipe

。。-〕〈「ag
와m@
그g
A .4 .6.1.9 Air and vacuum release valves for wet pit and well pumps
m-
3-。m
-
For medium- and large-size vertical wet pit pumps discharging into a pressurized system , an automatic air and vac-
그mmaS」〔Z
uum release valve is recommended. The valve should be located on the pump discharge nozzle or between the
pump discharge nozzle and the discharge valve or check valve , whichever is closes t.
〕Ql〈
The release valve prevents a large volume of air from being compressed , and then setting up a severe shock wave
}〔)m
when suddenly released , with potential for serious equipment damage. The air release valve also prevents air from
entering the pressurized system.
「m 。그→∞
The valve also relieves the vacuum that might otherwise be generated in the discharge during shut-down when the
l디m。，
liquid recedes in the column pipe to the sump or well standing leve l. Vacuum release valves may be critically impor-
tant to prevent equipment damage on restarting flow into an evacuated column.
N。〔〕@*。m
A.4.6.1.10 Siphons
「그:
When a siphon is used in the pump discharge line , for the purpose of reducing the head requirement for applica-
m。mm-mZ。
tions such as pumping over a levee , additional equipment requirements are imposed for the system to function sat-
isfactorily.
mm그-〈
To clear the siphon of air and make it operational , either a vacuum pump or an air ejector should be provided , or the
pump and driver should be suitable for handling the higher head with adequate flow until the siphon is cleared. For
Z。 E 그그m
high specific-speed pumps , this may result in a significant increase in required brake horsepower. Additionally, if
the height of the siphon above the discharge water level is substantial , then the flow from the pump at the
「「@깅「。(낱(앙-。그。「그B
increased head requirement may not be sufficient to clear the siphon , and a vacuum pump assist is required.
A siphon breaker should be mounted at the high point of the siphon to prevent backflow when the pump is stopped.
A.4.6.2 Nozzle loads
The piping should be aligned with the pump nozzles to minimize pump nozzle loads. See ANSIIHI 9.6 .2, Rotody-
namic (Centrifugal and Veπical) Pumps - A /lowable Nozzle Loads.
A.4.6.3 Check valves
밍-〈
(〈
Check valves may be located in the discharge to prevent backflow but should not be used in the suction line. They
EP
。디「
are sometimes used in series-parallel connections to reduce the number of valves that should be operated when
-즈
changing from one type of operation to the other. In some applications , check valves may be provided with dash-
각
m:그〕@
pots to mitigate the slamming effect of the valve during closing.
m
틀-aσ
ω
〈깅
Pump backspin and hydraulic shock can cause severe damage to pump and motor. Install at least one check valve
녁@
to help prevent this. Install check valve in discharge pipe , not more than 8 m (25 ft) above pump. For 150-mm (6-in)
and larger submersible pumps installed more than 183 m (600 뼈) deep , install a second check valve at the pipe 그。「}
그m。그 m 。-긍
joint nearest to the hal메ay point between pump and ground leve l.
m -{-。--ε그
NOTICE: To avoid water hammer and pipe breakage , distance from first check valve to second check valve should
not equal distance from second check valve to ground leve l.
AII submersible pumps (type VSO) should be equipped with a check valve. Some units have check valves built into
the top of the pump , which also serve as the discharge adapter. Alternately, a line check valve may be threaded
ξ。’‘
directly into the discharge of the pump or within 8 m (25 ft) of the pump. Special male-by-female threaded check
$。〈?
valves or female-by-female threaded check valves are commonly used.

〈a:m
앙i。
-。크

。。{a
〕:〈a
「aBg「m
When selecting a submersible check valve , be sure the valve is sized properly to f1 0w and pressure conditions for
;흐:
the particular pump installation. Before installing a check valve , be sure the spring-Ioaded check mechanism of the
m그
。αmaa」(Z
valve is operating freely. Always install check valves with the arrow pointing in the direction of flow.
A.4.6.3.1 Reasons to install check valves
〕Q’
With no check valve , or with an improperly placed check valve , severe damage can occur to the rotating elements
;ζ 「mm 。그→∞
of the pump , the supporting motor thrust bearing , surface piping , and other pump system components for these
reasons:
a) The column of water supported by the running pump will drain back through the pump when it stops. This
l디m。，
causes the rotating elements of the pump and motor to backspin. If the pump is restarted during backspin , the
resultant torque could shear the pump shaft or coupling or cause pump thrust bearing damage.
N。(〕∞*。m
b) With an empty discharge pipe , the pump will start each cycle with no head. Many pumps will exert an upward
thrust on the impeller stack at low heads , which can li야 the rotor of the motor for a short period until the water
「그=
column rises sufficiently to create a downward thrust in the pump. This repeated upthrust at each start could
m。mm-ωZ。
cause excessive wear in the motor upthrust bearings.
c) In a deep well submersible installation with a check valve only on the surface , with no provision allowing air to
mm그-〈
enter the column pipe when the pump is stopped and the water is drained back , a vacuum is created in the
drop pipe below the check valve. When the pump is restarted , water pumped at a relatively high velocity fills
Z。윤「륜@「
this vacuum , striking the closed check valve and the stationary water in the pipe downstream. This impact
causes hydra 비 ic shock and water hammer, which in some cases can be transmitted back to the pump impel-
lers and motor thrust bearing , causing severe damage.
m「{
「)。
aζg。
A.4.6.4 Strainers
-그。「그밍든。「
To keep unwanted solids out of the pump , strainers may be installed at the suction bell or in the pump suction pip-
ing. The strainer itself usually introduces only a moderate pressure drop, but as debris accumulates , the pressure
drop will increase. It is therefore recommended that pipe-mounted strainers be installed with upstream and down-
stream pressure taps and that the pressure drop be monitored.
@즈-그
m깅m「3-Zma디-앙-
Suction bell strainers typically c1ear themselves by backflow in the pump column when the unit is stopped. For large
pumps , trash racks and screens are typically part of the intake structure.
A.4.7 Clearance setting
「σgma〈
For deep-setting well pumps or high thrust load pumps where shaft elongation and accumulation of column shaft
joint t이 erances could affect the c1earance between the impeller and the bowl , it is important that an accurate esti-
mate of shaft stretch be determined to prevent interference during pump operation.
The rotating element in vertical turbine pumps (types VS1 , VS2 , VS3 , and VS6) should be raised axially before σ커브〕
3「ω。그 ω 。-mg
start-up. An adjustable head shaft nut or pump-to-driver shaft coupling is provided for this purpose , and the pump
shaft should be raised per the manufacturer’s instructions. Vertical multistage pumps (VS8) require rotor running
height alignments to ensure proper operation.
「5--그
-(“.‘〈〈→〈
A.4.8 Alignment
Vertical lineshaft and submersible pumps are automatically aligned through registered fits between mating parts.
However, on lineshaft pumps , it is recommended to check the alignment of the head shaft to the driver at the time
the latter is mounted.
m잉〈。흔
After the grout has set and the foundation bolts have been properly tightened , the unit alignment should be
。·B·
checked. After the suction and discharge piping of the unit have been connected , the alignment should be checked
$。그앙「
again. Alignment may be checked by mounting a dial indicator to measure shaft movement before and after
26 Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

。。깅〈「aZRm;
tightening flange bolts. Ifthe unit does not stay in alignment after being properly installed , the following are possible
aιB=
causes:
。g
-@m
그「mmαS」(Z
a) Setling , seasoning , or springing of the foundation.
b) Excessive pipe strain distorting or shi해 ng the machine.
〕Ql;I「mm 。그→∞
A.4.8.1 Auxiliary (driver, coupling , etc.)
Motors mounted to either submersible turbines (VSO) or vertical multistage pumps (VS8) assemble into machined
fits and typically do not require alignmen t.
1디@。lN。(〕@S「:nm그m·
A.4.8.1.1 Vertical solid shaft drivers
Before mounting the driver on the discharge head/driver stand , check the register fit , if furnished , and the mounting
face on the driver for acceptable tolerance on runout and perpendicularity, respectively, using a dial indicator
mounted on the driver shaft. See ANSI/NEMA MG-1 , Motors and Generators. Next, check the perpendic비 arity of
the face of the driver coupling half, mounted on the shaft with a tight fit and seated against a split ring , using a dial
indicator on a firm base.
With the driver bolted to the discharge head , mount a dial indicator on the driver shaft above the coupling half and
@z@
sweep the bore of the stuffing box. If excess runout exists , some adjustment can be made at the driver mounting fit
。·
and the stuffing-box mounting fi t. Before installing any additional coupling parts , check the driver for correct rota-
E그
m그
tion , as given in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Next, mount the pump half coupling , shaft adjusting
zm
@m
nut , and coupling spacer if applicable , and raise the impeller in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
「。
Then secure the coupling b이ts. Make a final check of the shaft runout below the pump half coupling with a dial indi-
「그m-
cator. If the runout is within acceptable tolerances , check the tightness of the driver hold-down bolts. If dowels are
깅〈
used to secure the driver location , then it should be noted that redoweling is required after disassembly/reassem-
「。azg-。그。「그m{특。「
bly, since tolerance buildup in the multiple vertical joints res 비 ts in alignment variation.
A.4.8.1.2 Vertical hollow shaft drivers
Remove the clutch or coupling from the top of the h이 low shaft , and mount the driver on top of the discharge headl
driver stand. For designs requiring the pump head shaft to be installed prior to mounting the driver, lower the hollow
shaft driver with care over the head shaft to be sure the latler is not damaged. Check the driver for correct rotation ,
as given in the manufacturer's installation instructions. Install the head shaft , if not already done , and check it for
centering in the hollow shaft. If off-center, check for runout in head shaft , misalignment from discharge head to
driver, or out-of-plumbness of the suspended pump. Shims can be placed under the discharge head to center the
각-
즈σ드그
head shaft , but shims should not be placed between the motor and the discharge head unless recommended by
m@
the manufacturer.
a-
σω〈→
The head shaft should be centered within the motor h 이 low shaft by using a close-fitling steady bushing. This bush-
ing is pressed into or is fastened to the hollow shaft and rotates with the hollow shaft and head shaft. Steady bush- 깅그m。
「-
ings should be installed by the motor manufacturer.
Bm
3
-。ω
Z-。
For motors with lower oil-Iubricated bearings , the motor manufacturer should install the steady bushing. This is
m
m 그
ga-
because the steady bushing will usually be located well up inside of the hollow shaft above the stationary oil sleeve.
-EE。
On the grease-Iubricated lower motor bearing designs , the steady bushing is usually located at the botlom of the
P
P--ω
hollow shaft , which is more accessible.

〈〈〈〈m
Install the driver coupling or clutch , and check the anti-reverse rotation device for operability, if furnished. Install the
〈。〈그
·앙
coupling gib key and the adjusting nut , and raise the shaft assembly with the impeller(s) to the correct running posi-
〔「m잊。。‘
tion in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Secure the adjusting nut to the clutch , and double-check
the driver hold-down bolts for tightness.
B

。。。〈
g그gmaB룹m
「-α=5ω
Most h 이 low shaft drivers have register fits. Further centering of these drivers is , therefore , normally not required ,
nor are dowels recommended.
@m
A.4.8.1.3 VS이
그aS」(〕ZQ’’
Special driver considerations for submersible units (type
While it is important to comply with the manufacturer’s installation instructions for all equipment , this is imperative
for submersible pumps in order to avoid start-up failure , since the unit cannot be observed at this stage. Submers-
ible motors vary greatly in basic construction , so only a few general guidelines can be provided.
「m〈m
{。
For storage prior to installation , the manufacturer will specify whether the motor should be kept in a horizontal or
」그 →∞，。mnl。
vertical position.
For motors filled with either oil or other special fluid , check for leakage at the shaft seal prior to installation. Check
N〔)@{5
the fluid level in the motor and refill with the manufacturer’s recommended fluid per the instructions , if required.
If the power cable is to be connected to the motor terminal box in the field , make sure the connection is dry and the
。m그그mmm-ωζ
gaskets undamaged before b이ting up the join t.
Keep the reel with the power cable close to the wellhead so that the cable insulation does not become damaged by
being dragged over the ground or over the well casing flange when the unit is lowered into the wel l. Similarly,
。m그
clamps for securing the cable to the discharge pipe should not have sharp edges.
m-·〈
z 。 E 「륜m「「
The couplings for the discharge pipe joints should be tightened securely to prevent the motor’s induced starting
torque from either loosening or further tightening the joints. This would cause the power cable to spiral around the
pipe and could cause cable or terminal failure. When the unit has been completely installed , a meg-ohm reading
mb「。
should be taken on the cable/motor per the manufacturer’s instructions to verify complete electrical integrity. If the
αgu。
meg-ohm reading is below the manufacturer’s recommended minimum , the problem should be identified and cor-
rected before the unit is started.
-그-。「그m
Electrical splices and connections must be waterproof. Make a strong mechanical bond between the motor leads
”〈〈。「-즈
and the cable to avoid high electrical resistance at the connection. A poor mechanical connection or a poorly
wrapped splice can cause motor problems and motor failure.
ω
The necessary electrical controls should be provided in the starting pane l. A time-delay relay is recommended by
깅그@띠
3
most manufacturers to provide for time delay between stops and starts.
「-2ma·。-mSσgmg
A.4.8.1.3.1 Submersible motor selection
Selecting the best submersible motor for a particular pump application requires careful consideration of several fac-
tors. The motor should match the pump in mounting dimensions , and should have adequate horsepower (hp) load
〈σ녁그(
rating and thrust rating to support the pump over its entire operating range. Most motors up to 203 mm (8 in) in size
are built to National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards , which define their physical dimen-
Bm
sions , electrical ratings , and thrust ratings. The motor should be capable of operation at the water temperature and 〕。그 m 。-m긍-iP
velocity presented by the installation.
Most motor nameplates and/or the manufacturer’s literature specify the maximum water temperature and minimum
required velocity past the motor. Motor operation in water that exceeds the rated temperature may be allowable at
EP-〈〈흔〈〈
reduced loading , depending on the partic비 ar motor. NEMA Standards are based on 25 oC (77 OF) maximum ambi-
ent water temperature. Some motors , however, may be rated for 띠 11 output at 30 oC (86 OF) or higher. If the installa-
tion does not ensure the specified velocity past the motor - because of well diameter, water inflow above the pump ,
。 r other reasons - a sleeve over the motor should be used to induce the required velocity.
m。”-」앙「@잊3‘
A plot of speed versus torque requirements during the starting phase of a pump can be checked against the speed
versus torque curve of the driving motor. The driver should be capable of supplying more torque at each speed
than required by the pump in order to accelerate the pump up to rated speed. This condition is usually easily
-。。

。。，〕〈그잉앞
흘mm
attainable with standard induction or synchronous motors , but under certain conditions , such as high specific-
그gαB
speed pumps over 100 (5000) or reduced voltage starting , a motor with high p 비 I-in torque may be required. For
=5@그mm」
additional information on speed versus torque requirements , see ANSIIHI 2.3 , Rotodynamic (Veπical) Pumps for
Design and Application.
g(
A.4.8.1.3.2 Types of cable for submersible motors
S
Z〕Ql〈
}ζ 「mm。그‘∞
Several manufacturers produce cable designed for use with submersible motors. The exact type of cable to be
used is usually specified by the pump manufacturer or selected by the installer.
Cable may be three individual conductors twisted , three conductors molded side-by-side in one flat cable , or three
l디m。
conductors sealed within a round overall jacket. The insulation around the conductor should be type RW, RUW, TW,
or the equivalent , and specifically suited for use under water. The use of stranded or solid conductor cable is
lN。〔
optiona l. The use of copper cable is preferred.
@〕S「:nm그@@m-m·Z
A.4.8.1.3.3 Li ghtning and surge protection for submersible motors
While submersible motors are more vulnerable to damage by lightning or voltage surges than any other pump
motors, lightning arrestors - when properly selected and installed - can provide inexpensive protection. The need
for arrestors is greater in pump installations that are distant from the primary power circuit and in areas where thun-
derstorms occur frequently. Power lines are subject to extremely high voltage surges caused by switching loads
and electrical storms. Surges also may be induced by charged clouds passing over the lines or by generator fluctu-
zω。m
ations. A properly selected and installed surge arrestor can provide protection against motor damage.
E。「그
윤-m〈
A.4.8.2 Hot alignment considerations
「「m깅「。αζg-。그。「그m양{
(Manufacturer will include information in this section regarding hot alignment considerations.)
A.4.9 Lubrication , priming , and cooling systems
(Manufacturer will include information in this section regarding lubrication , priming , and cooling systems.)
A.4.10 Electrical
Electrical conduit and boxes should be located to avoid obstruction of the windows of the discharge head. Electrical
conduit and boxes should be sized to manufacturers' recommendations along with all appropriate standards and
ma〈·〈
local statutes.
。。-긋
mE
To achieve a smooth start for the pumping equipment , autotransformers may be connected to the starting panel or
-σ그
solid-state starters used. These provide a gradual increase in voltage up to rated voltage , ensuring even accelera-
ggσ
m-
tion.
A.4.11 Control , monitoring, and alarm equipment a〈m

→
I깅。경
@ m「
。그B
AII contr이 and alarm systems , which may be electrical , hydra 비 ic ， or pneumatic, should be checked for correct
m-。-긍
installation and functioning in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. AII alarm point settings should be
m -。
verified.
i--
P그
Once pumping starts , the water level in the well will draw down. However, excessive drawdown may cause the unit,
is-ξ
either lineshaft or submersible , to break suction , with resulting potential pump damage. Installation of undercurrent
〈〈·$。
relays in the power supply lines will normally provide protection against this occurrence.
각그
A pressure gauge is recommended on the pump discharge to monitor pump operation.

@m”.。。그}

。。-〕〈「ag@gBm E 「 ; 보
A.4.11.1 Stopping uniUreverse runaway speed
A sudden power and/or discharge valve failure during pump operation against a static head will result in a flow
reversal , and the pump will operate as a hydraulic turbine in a direction opposite to that of normal pump operation.
Vertical pump drivers can be equipped with anti-reverse rotation devices to prevent reverse rotation. However, their
」(=Z
application is not always desirable and a review should always be made with the manufacturer.
〕。Q@
l〈
}그〔ω
If the pump is driven by a prime mover offering little resistance while running backwards , the reverse speed may
}m
approach its maximum for the applicable specific speed. This speed is called runaway speed. If the head under
m
「mQ
which such operation may occur is equal or greater than that developed by the pump during normal operation , then
。S
그‘∞
the runaway speed may exceed that corresponding to normal pump operation. This excess speed may impose high
IDm
mechanical stresses on the rotating parts of both the pump and prime mover, thus knowledge of this speed is
〔“
essential to safeguard the equipment from possible damage.
N。
，〔〕@*。「:。m그m@·
The ratio of reverse runaway operation speed (n ro ) to normal operation speed (nno) for pumps varies with specific
speed. This relationship is shown in Figures A.7 and A. 8. The data shown should be used as a guide , recognizing
that variations may be experienced with individual designs.
It should be pointed out that transient conditions , during which runaway speed may take place , often result in con-
siderable head variations due to surging in the pressure line. Since most pumping units have relatively little inertia ,
surging can cause rapid speed fluctuations. The runaway speed may, in such a case , be consistent with the highest
φz-
head resulting from surging. Therefore , knowledge of the surging characteristics of the pipeline is essential for
。m
determining the runaway speed. This is partic비 arly important in case of long lines.
감Z그
m그m@
。그「-
「〈@깅「。azg-。그。「그밍특。「즈그@-m깅m「B;$a·디-앙「Egmaσ〈녁그(〕「그ω。그ωEm
2.2
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06
+
}되t----t----t녁-斗 t } ++-카--+←쉬뉴---…--…--+
+-十+- 뉴{→{녁--+-↑+-…--…--t---+-
‘
0.4
0
Figure A.7 - Reverse runaway speed ratio versus specific speed (metric)

。。〔〕〈그잉gmaBm E 「 교 -
2.2
--싹-녁--+--↓+--←
2
1.8
f꽉+---t뉴---
1.6 Ilιτ-
←…뉘순--카-」」
」(-Z
〕
-Q。
“ ‘ }~---뉘감순--뉘÷-」÷←--뉴뉴-“…----←‘-←-씩씬十-순十
j+←←←픽나---→→순-
’《@
I그
A
「m
총 ;:: {~--+취-카카카--‘----←뉴뉴----…十-←+권-…녁순
←←
-j÷
j「←-←
mmm
。a
lι ’- 궈十
그S
→∞-。m
’ 팎-1----r---1----t----，-←←→-→
l。
^ n
N
。〔〕@*。「:。m그
;챔: I~-/-
핀{핀」÷-十+---t---+---f----~---i----T---+-←눠--곽
-4÷}?- f i }4 { 4
0.4
L「한+
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18‘ 000
‘
ζm
Specific speed - US units
ωm
@m。그
Figure A.8 - Reverse runaway speed ratio versus specific speed (US customary units)
·z-
。〈E그그m「「@건「。(는。--。그。「그m《
A.5 Commissioning , start-up, operation , and shut-down
A.5.1 Lubrication
(Manufacturer will include information in this section regarding lubrication requirements.)
A.5.2 Rotation
Anti-reverse rotation devices are furnished as an integral part of the motor or right-angle gear when reverse rota-
tion from backflow in the pump may cause damage. While the motor or gear is still disconnected from the pump ,
rotate the motor or gear by hand in both directions to check proper functioning of the ratchet. The rotation of the
complete drivetrain should also be checked at this time.
Before starting the pump , check the direction of rotation. The proper direction is usually indicated by a direction
디를하흐
arrow on the discharge head or on the driver stand when the discharge is located below the mounting leve l. When
。σ「
electric motors are used as drivers , the rotation should be checked with the motor disconnected from the pump.
g즈m그
g@
The rotation of submersible units can normally be checked by comparing the pump output against the guaranteed
σ-
〈ω
performance curve. Check the manufacturer’s start-up instructions.
녁b
그m(「
A.5.3 Guarding
〕
mBB
。-
-m
AII guards must be in place and secure per the manufacturer's instructions prior to start-up.
m크:
。
-。
3m
그-a
A.5.4 Check list - start-up

-u그-
〔〈-〈흔〈
A.5.4.1 System flushing

i 〈E。그앙「mm(‘。。그}·
When the pump is installed in the completed piping system , it is recommended that the system be back-flushed to
remove debris such as stubs of welding rod , welding slag , and loose scale. The pump and other sensitive equip-
ment should be protected with staπ-up strainers , which should in turn be removed upon completion of the f1 ushing

。。!g
〕〈f그
;maB
그m
cycle. For barrel-mounted pumps , it is recommended to remove the pump and let the barrel become the receptacle
보=
E。@w
for the debris for subsequent cleanou t.
그m
Before starting the pump , adequate submergence should be provided for lineshaft pumps and submersible pumps ,
“g。
and the barrel and suction line should be filled with liquid for barrel-mounted pumps (can pumps). Minimum
a」〔〕ZQI〈
required submergence to prevent vortices is specified by the manufacturer. See also ANSI/HI 9.8 , Pump Intake
Desígn , and ANSI/HI2.3 , Rotodynamíc (Veπical) Pumps for Desígn and Applícatíon.
*〔」m
The pump should not be run unless it is completely filled with liquid or is provided with the minimum required sub-
「m 。그→∞，m
mergence , as there is danger of damaging some of the pump components. Typically, bowl and impeller rings and
internal sleeve bearings depend on liquid for their lubrication and may seize if the pump is run dry.
。。IN
For pumps mounted in a suction barrel or can , typically for critical NPSH applications , a continuous vent line should
。()@SZ-그
be provided from the highest point in the barrel to the vapor phase of the suction source. This prevents inadvertent
vapor locking and dry-running of the pump. The vent line should be continuously rising to preclude liquid traps , and
be fully airtigh t.
nmm
mm-mζ。
When the required submergence is provided , all submersible units, and most vertical turbine pumps , can be
started without concern for the nonsubmerged part of the pump. However, for vertical lineshaft pumps , this
depends on the column length and bearing construction , such as metallic and nonmetallic materia l.
mm그-
·〈
Most vertical pumps have the first stage below the liquid leve l. Therefore , they are automatically primed by proper
z。은그그m「「
venting. When required , as for barrel pumps , priming may be accomplished by ejector/exhauster or vacuum pump.
For VS8-style pumps , a vent valve is usually installed in the motor bracket and can be used for positive suction
m깅「。(낱。:。그。「그-@
applications. A fill port or connection for a priming device is also provided. Starting a VS8-style pump not properly
primed can cause serious mechanical seal damage.
A.5.4.2 Priming by 밍ector or exhauster
When steam , high-pressure water, or compressed air is available , the pump may be primed by attaching an air
ejector to the highest point on the discharge nozzle or discharge pipe , close to the discharge valve. This will
remove the air from the pump and suction can for barrel-mounted pumps , provided the discharge valve forms a
ω
깅i
tight sea l. Prime is obtained when a steady stream of fluid flows from the ejector or discharge vent connection. The
m「
B
pump can then be started. A foot valve is unnecessary when this kind of device is used. Note that when the pump
를;。
E「
discharge nozzle is located above the suction source , and a foot valve is not used , the discharge valve should not
g즈
be opened until the driver has been started , since this may result in loss of prime.
。그
-m
띠「t
:〕m
A.5.4.3 Priming by vacuum pumps
틀gσ
〈녁그。그」@。
When neither of the above methods are practicable , the pump may be primed by the use of a vacuum pump to
exhaust the air from the pump and suction can , if applicable. A wet vacuum pump is preferable , as it will not be
damaged if water enters. When a dry vacuum pump is used , the arrangement should preclude liquid from being
drawn into the air pump. The manufacturer’s instructions should be followed.
-m
긍
Shaft sealing settings and adjustments (mechanical seals , packing , etc.)

그E띠
A.5.4.4
。。--(그
A.5.4.4.1 Packed stuffing box (types VS1 , VS2 , VS3 , VS6 , and VS7)
u‘.를특〈〈
The stuffing box may or may not be filled with packing before shipmen t. If the stuffing box is not packed , it should be
E
carefully cleaned and packed once the motor is mounted and connected to the head. Instructions may be found
。그잊
with the box of packing. If not , the following may be used as a guide.
am-。
-。B
The stuffing box should be carefully cleaned. Make sure the packing rings are of proper cross section and length.
When installed , the rings sho 비 d bu야 tightly but not overlap at the joints. The joints sho 비 d be staggered 90 0 apar t.

。。。〈g
그m따
aBm하그m-。
Packing rings should be tamped down individually, but not too tightly, as this may result in burning the packing and
scoring of the shaft of the shaft sleeve. Where compatible , lightly lubricate the packing 10 and 00 with a suitable
--@그
lubrican t. When a lantern ring is required , be sure that sufficient packing is placed in below the lantern ring so that
mmaS」(Z
the liquid for sealing is brought in at the lantern ring and not at the packing.
The pipe supplying the sealing liquid should be fit-
〕Q’《
ted tightly so that no air enters. This is particularly
ζ 「mm 。그→∞
important for vertical barrel pumps mounted in a
system where a vacuum must be maintained (see
Figure A.9). If the liquid to be pumped is dirty or
gritty, clean sealing liquid should be piped to the Sealing ___-r- ~ Bleed-off
l디m?N
stuffing box to prevent damage to the packing and liquid connection
shaft sleeves. Clear sealing liquid is also required connection
。〔
if the stuffing-box materials are not completely
φ〕→。「:
compatible with the pumpage. Sealing liquid
should be at a pressure sufficient to ensure flow of
m。그mmm
clean liquid into the pump, but not so high as to _ Prelube
require excessive tightening of the packing. ~ connection
m‘
zmm
When a pump is first put into operation , the pack-
。그-
ing should be left quite loose. After the pump has Figure A.9 - Packed-type stuffing box
-〈
been found to operate properly, the stuffing-box
z。은그뇨
gland may be tightened very slowly if the leakage is excessive. A leakage of about 8 to 10 drops per minute per 25
mm (1 in) of shaft diameter from the stuffing box is necessary to provide lubrication and cooling. When the leakage
m「「
can no longer be controlled by adjusting the gland , all rings of packing should be replaced. The addition of a single
mb
ring to restore gland adjustment is not recommended.
「。〔는。:。그。「그**@
If the pump is to be left idle for a long period , it is recommended that the packing be replaced prior to starting up the
pump.
A.5.4.4.2 Mechanical seals
든-
Pumps handling hazardous or expensive liquids , or where normal leakage from the stuffing box is objectionable ,
。ω
「
깅m
are often furnished with mechanical seals.
즈「
3
그-Zma。 -g
A mechanical seal consists of a rotating element and a stationary elemen t. The sealing faces are highly lapped sur-
faces on materials selected for their low coefficient of friction and their resistance to corrosion by the liquid being
pumped. The faces run with a very thin film of liquid between them. In addition , there must be a means of loading
「윤틀maσ
the sea l. This is accomplished either with a spring (or springs) or with an elastomeric or metallic flexible member.
〈녁그(
Mechanical seals for vertical pumps are of two basic types , depending on whether mounting is to be external or
interna l. Externally mounted seals are easily adjusted for correct positioning after the impeller(s) is set for correct
running clearance. Mechanical seals mounted internally in the stuffing box , unless of the cartridge type , must be 3〕ω。「
mounted on a shaft sleeve and the sleeve correctly positioned and locked to the shaft after the impeller(s) is li야ed
그 m 。-@-
for proper running clearance. For vertical pumps equipped with a mechanical seal and a vertical hollow shaft (VHS)
motor, it is recommended that a steady bushing be installed in the motor.
그 -iPE〈
There are two features that can simplify change-out of worn seals. The first is the use of a spacer coupling in the
head shaft of the pump. This allows removal of the seal/sleeve assembly without removing the driver. The second
P〈-
흔〈·
is use of an axially split mechanical sea l. Change-out of this design does not require any disassembly of the pump.
。그앙「mm( 〈a
Because mechanical seals are made in a wide variety of designs , the instructions for the specific seal must be
carefully studied and followed. A mechanical seal is a precision device and must be treated accordingly.
。·
Mechanical seals normally require no adjustment during operation. Except for possible slight initial leakage , the
。B
seal should operate with negligible leakage. They should not be run dry. Seals may require a continuous supply of

。。-〕〈「;“gmaBm E 「 호 = 。 @ 그
flush and/or c。이 ng fluid. Where seal damage due to system uncleanliness is expected , it may be advisable to
operate the pump with packing or temporary seals and sleeves until the system is clean and start-up problems are
resolved. Packing or temporary seals are normally used on systems where the start-up pumpage is different from
the final process pumpage , and are replaced once the process pumpage is introduced.
AII VS8-style pumps are equipped with mechanical seals. Mechanical seals on vertical multistage pumps (VS8) are
typically factory installed. Some configurations will require alignment and are clearly marked.
I@「m
A.5.5 Start-up , operation , and shut-down
mma。S
그」
A.5.5.1 Minimum continuous flow
i∞〔
l디〕
m。
See ANSI/HI 9.6.3 , Centrífugal and Vertícal Pumps for Allowable Operatíng Regíon.
Z
lQ。
N’〔}
〕@
A.5.5.2 Minimum thermal now
〈{。「:。m그mm·
See ANS I/ HI 9.6.3 , Centrífugal and Veπical Pumps for Allowable Operatíng Regíon.
A.5.5.3 Lubrication system settings
A.5.5.3.1 Primary and secondary drivers
@z-
。@
Before running the driver, either separately or connected to the pump , check lubrication requirements in the manu-
EZ
「ω
facturer’s instruction manua l. Inspect and make sure that:
*m
*。」그m
Grease-Iubricated bearings have been properly greased with the manufacturer’s recommended grade
-「〈「m{〕「。(낱g-깅
Oil-Iubricated bearings on drivers and gears , as well as oil sumps on gears , have been filled to the req 비 red
level with the recommended oil
AII automatic oilers are functioning properly
A.5.5.3.2 Pumps
。m그
Vertical pumps are either furnished with product-Iubricated , oil-Iubricated , or grease-Iubricated sleeve bearings.
「。3-
The following provisions should be made for the respective bearings:
「Z그
m잊a
디-
For product-Iubricated bearings (bearings lubricated by the pumped liquid) , prelubrication with clean water
·
a)
〈m〈E
should be provided for all pump bearings above static water level when the distance from the mounting floor to
。σ
the minimum water level exceeds 15 m (50 ft) , or as recommended by the manufacturer. The manufacturer
「g
즈m그
may permit a greater distance without prelubrication for bearings made of self-Iubricating materials.
b) For pumps with oil-Iubricated bearings , it is recommended to pour one or more quarts of oil , depending on qgσ-
〈@녁그〔
pump setting , down the shaft enclosing tube prior to start-up. Next, make sure that the oil reservoir is filled and ,
m。
if a solenoid valve is supplied , that it is functioning properly with the correct amount of oil being gravity-fed into
)-
Bmm
the shaft enclosing tube.

g。E-
그
c) For pumps with grease-Iubricated bearings , make sure the correct grade of grease is available. For manual
P그。.‘〈〈SS·-m。그앙「m**。。그}
grease injection , make sure the grease nipples are properly connected , clean , and accessible. Inject per the
manufacturer’s instructions.
For motorized grease injection , make sure the grease lines are all securely fastened to the reservoir. Fill the reser-
voir with grease , energize the grease pump , and check the functioning per the manufacturer’s instructions. Proceed
in accordance with the pump manufacturer’s instruction manua l.

。。
-〈u그잉그{maBmE응을:。
A.5.5.3.3 Type of lul쩌 filtration
When required to inject water, either for flushing or lubrication of pump components , clean filtered water should be
provided. If such quality water is not available at the site , then process water may be filtered , using either a cyclone
separator, a mechanical filter, or a tank with a filter bed. When liquids other than water are handled , such liquids
」(@
can similarly be filtered and used for injection. The pressure drop across the filter should be monitored to ensure
U그Z’
that the required injection pressure is available , and filter maintenance should be performed when required. Addi-
Q
m;ζ
tional bearing protection can be provided by installing a flow switch in the injection line , set for the minimum flow
m「g
requiremen t.
mSm 。그→∞
A.5.5.4 Drive system settings
1디@。N
(Manufacturer will include information in this section regarding drive system se야 ings.)
，
。(〕@*。「늠m그mmm-
A.5.5.5 Valve settings and operation (timing)
A.5.5.5.1 Across-the-line start
When squirrel cage induction motors having line starting controls are used , it is permissible to have the discharge
valve open when the pump is being started. However, the length of time of the high starting current may be short-
ened if the discharge valve remains closed until the pump comes up to f비 Ispeed.
z。ω윤
A.5.5.5.2 Reduced voltage start
Z그@그
m@
Except for axial flow and mixed flow pumps , pumps using squirrel cage induction motors with reduced voltage start-
。「
그;
ing control should always be started with the discharge valve closed or pa 메 ally opened.
「、
m건「。(는。--。그
A.5.5.5.3 Warning against closed valve operation
|&,.CAUTIONI
The pump should not be operated with the discharge valve closed. The fluid in the pump may boil , with risk
깅m
of explosion and steam burns to anyone near. If there is any danger of the pump running against a closed dis-
。「「
charge valve , install a pressure relief or bypass valve in the discharge pipe to allow for minimum liquid flow through
B그-Z
the pump. Minimum liquid flow through the pump is needed for cooling and lubrication of the pump. Run the
및m특
g
bypass/relief valve and discharge pipe to a floor drain or a tank for collection.
a。@「
(즈「E
Brief shut-off operation of most vertical pumps may be necessary. The necessity may arise from system start-up or
그g
shut-down requirements and is normally met by closure of the discharge valve for the minimum possible time. Pro-
@m
-a
longed operation of the pump under this condition may prove harmful to the structural integrity of the pump
ωσ〈커그ω
because of:
Increased vibration levels affecting the stuffing boxes , mechanical seals , and areas with close running fits
。。B
-mm。
Increased axial thrust and resultant stresses in the shafts and bearings
E그E。--
Heat buildup resulting in a dangerous temperature rise of the liquid being handled and pump components in
5~
contact with it
그S〈
〔〈·
“E.
Damage resulting from internal recirculation and flow separation

。‘그앙「m잊‘。。그}·
When a pump has been started against a closed discharge valve , it should be opened slowly as soon as pressure
develops at the pump side of the valve. Abrupt valve opening can result in surges damaging to the pump and pip-
In g.

。。깅a
〈g「maBg그m
Pumps with specific speed over 100 (5000) often have high zero flow horsepower. Running such a pump with the
α--
discharge valve closed can result in serious mechanical overloads as well as motor overload.
。m
-그mmaS」(Z
Operation of a pump with the suction valve closed may cause serious damage and should not be attempted. Oper-
ation with both valves closed for even brief periods of time is an unacceptable and dangerous practice. It can rap-
idly lead to a violent pump failure.
〕Q’;ζ 「mm 。그→∞1디m。lN

A.5.5.5.4 Water (hydraulic) hammer
Water hammer is an increase in pressure due to rapid changes in the velocity of a liquid flowing through a pipeline.
Water hammer may be controlled by reg 비 ating valve closure time , using relief valves or surge chambers , and cer-
tain other means. See ANSI/HI 2.3 , Rotodynamic (Vertical) Pumps for Design and Application.
。(경윤「:m。
It is recommended that specialized engineering services be engaged for water hammer analysis.
A.5.5.5.5 Parallel and series operation
그mmm-ωZ
Pumps should not be operated in series or in parallel unless specifically designed for this purpose , since serious
equipment damage may occur.
。 m그
m-〈
For parallel operation , the pumps sho 비 d have approximately matching shut-off heads. Otherwise , the system oper-
Z。 E 그그@「
ating head may exceed the shut-off head of one or more pumps , resulting in the pump(s) operating with zero output
flow. This would have the same effect as operating against a closed discharge valve. Mismatched shut-off heads
could also cause one pump to operate below the allowable operating region.
m깅「「。(낱。:。그。「
For series operation , the pumps should have approximately the same rate-of-flow characteristics. Because each
pump takes suction from the preceding pumps , the stuffing boxes and all pressure-containing components should
be designed for the corresponding pressure , and the thrust bearing requirements may also change. The discharge
pressure of the first pump must be sufficient to provide adequate net positive suction head available (NPSHA) to
the suction of the second pump.
@그
A.5.5.5.6 Valve setting at start-up
-잉ω
깅〈m「
A.5.5.5.6.1 Position of discharge valve on starting , high or medium head pumps
3
〈-。
z「ma
Normally, pumps with specific speed below 100 (5000) , when primed and operated at f비 1 speed with the discharge
즈디그
-효
valve closed , require less power input than when operated at the rated flow rate and head with the discharge valve
m σgmασ
open. For this reason , it is advantageous to have the discharge valve closed when starting the pump. Note, how-
ever, that with pumps of • 00 (5000) specific speed and higher, closing of the discharge valve at starting leads to an
increased horsepower requiremen t.
〈녁그。ω
A.5.5.5.6.2 Position of discharge valve on starting , mixed or axial flow pumps
그。‘
그 ω 。-mE-
Pumps of the mixed flow type usually require greater input power with the discharge valve closed than open. Ax ial
flow type pumps nearly always require substantially more power and produce more pressure at shut-off than at rat-
ing and should be started with the discharge valve open or with the opening of the valve sequenced with starting of
。-i-Eu--
the pump. Flap valves are commonly used for these purposes. The manufacturer’s instructions should be con-
sulted for the characteristics of such pumps.
〈〈
·sE~
A.5.5.5.6.3 Reduced flow/minimum flow discharge bypass

。그5앙「
m잉.。。그一-
When operating at reduced flow, noise and vibration levels typically increase. This may lead to reduced bearing life
and mechanical seal life as well as potential damage to other components.

。。【〕〈
(그
m@
aB그gm그모 :n그
If it becomes necessary to operate a pump for prolonged periods at flows below the rate specified by the manufac-
turer as permissible continuous minimum flow, then a bypass line should be installed from the pump discharge to
the suction source. See ANSI/HI 9.6.3 , Centrifugal and Veπical Pumps for Allowable Operating Region. The
mωmgS 」(Z
bypass line should be sized so that the system flow plus the bypass flow is equal to or larger than the manufac-
turer’s specified minimum.
〕Q’《
A.5.5.6 Condition monitoring
E 「mm。그 →∞，m
See ANSI/HI 9.6.5 , Rotodynamic (Centrifugal and Veπical) Pumps for Condition Monitoring.
A.5.5.7 Vibration (alarms and trip points)
。nl
See ANSI/HI 9.6 .4, Rotodynamic Pumps for Vibration Measurements and Allowable Values.
。N
〔)’:。m
A.5.5.7.1 Noise in pumping machinery
「그=
Sound is energy and may be produced by movement within machinery. This is also true for pumps. Sound is pro-
m。mm-mζ。
duced by liquid flowing within the pump , the bearings within the pumping unit , the coupling , and the unit driver.
Some sound is expected during normal operation. Sound may be transmitted in three ways:
ωm그든
a) Airborne within the machinery room.
·z。 E 「윤m「「
b) Li quidborne by the liquid being pumped.
c) Structureborne through the attached piping and support system.
m건「。(낱앙-。
Two of the most important factors in minimizing sound in pump installations are the correct selection of the pump
type for the operating conditions and the equipment installation. To ensure minimum sound , the pump should be
chosen for operation near the point of best efficiency and proper suction conditions should be provided
m그*
를。
The prevention of excessive noise is greatly dependent upon the pump installation. Proper alignment of the pump
。「
「츠그
and the driver is essential , as well as the support of the suction and discharge piping. The manner in which the
Q
그-m
pump is installed and in which the piping is supported may contribute to objectionable noise and vibration. A
깅@B
greater degree of noise prevention may be obtained when the pumping unit is supported free of building structures
by the use of vibration isolators and flexible piping and conduit connectors. Noise emanating from the motion of
「-zmg·딛
high-velocity liquids within the piping system , partic비 arly from partly opened valves , should not mistakenly be
attributed to the pumping unit. Further discussion of noise and sound is contained in ANSI/HI 9.1-9.5 , Pumps -
General Guidelines.
m*
「--
m〕
A.5.5.7.2 Hydraulic resonance in piping
a틀
σ〈커그(
Severe vibration problems are often caused by a resonant condition within the pump/piping system that amplifies
normal pump-induced pulsations. Such a condition is referred to as a hydraulic resonance. 3m
〕。그
「mE@긍--。--그
Hydraulic resonance is defined as a condition of pulse reinforcement in which p 비 ses reflected by the piping system
are repeatedly added in phase to the source pulse , producing large pulsation amplitudes. Hydraulic resonance in
piping may result in unacceptable noise or vibration , or, if uncorrected , can ultimately result in mechanical fatigue
failures in either the piping or pump components.
5。
In cases where the existence of a hydraulic resonance is known to be a problem , experience has shown that the
-(
f이 lowing
-
solutions aimed at alleviating the resonant condition may prove effective:

。m
-그를
앙특「
m앙。。 3-
a) Alter the resonant piping.
b) Change the pump speed.
Hydraulic Institute Standards. Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved 37

。。-〕g
〈m그
a띠Bgm「-보:。m
c) Change the internal design characteristics of the pump.
d) Insert a pulsation damper on the pump/piping system.
@φ그aa」(Z
Modifications to the pump or piping , including the supporting structures , which do not change the pulsation
response of the pump/piping system , will not affect the resonant condition and therefore will not be effective.
〕Q’《
I 「mm 。그→∞
A.5.5.8 Performance testing!verification
Once the unit is energized , check operating speed , rate of flow, suction and discharge pressure , and power inpu t.
While it may not be possible to exactly repeat the factory performance , initial field-test data become a valuable
IDm
baseline for future checking to determine possible wear and need to perform maintenance. Vibration levels should
。，
be checked for the same reason. Auxiliary piping and gasketed joints should be checked for leaks and proper
N。〔
makeup.
φ〕*。「:。@
A.5.5.9 Bearing temperature
m그mm-mZ。
See Section A. 7 .2.2.
A.6 Maintenance
ωm그-
·z
A.6.1 Schedule
〈。은「응@「m「
To ensure satisfactory operation of the pumping equipment , frequent inspection and periodic maintenance are
required. An inspection and maintenance log should be kept and the inspector is to immediately report any
problems. A suggested guide for preventative maintenance for normal applications is given below. Unusual applica-
깅「。(는。:。
tions with abnormal heat , moisture , dust , etc. , may require more frequent inspection and service.
Item Action Required Frequency

Packing ,
m그
Inspect for excessive leakage 150 hours of operation
은
(。
Packing box
。「
A이 ust gland and replace packing As necessary
「즈@
그
그-ω
Pump/Motor alignment Check for change in alignment Annually
깅m「
Vibration Check for change in vibration Refer to ANSI/HI 9.6.5 , Condítíon
B;$a
Monítoríng
Bearings Lubricate (grease) Every 2000 h or at least annually
g 앙응을 $gσ〈녁그。m
Bolting Check for loose bolting Annually
A.6.1.1 C이 d weather maintenance
When handling water, care should be taken to prevent the pump from freezing during cold weather when the pump
is not in operation. It may be necessary to drain the pump casing on dry pit applications during shutdown periods
그。一
by removing the bottom drain plug. In some pumps , draining the suction line is sufficien t. For vertical wet pit pumps ,
그 m 。-@:
removal of the unit is required.

그 iPEP를
A.6.1.2 Wea꺼parts replacements

-응〈〈(@。그
Wear rings are commonly fitted in the bowls (bowl rings) and if specified , on the impeller (impeller rings). These
wear rings provide a close-running , renewable clearance , to reduce the quantity of liquid leaking from the high-
pressure side to the suction side. These rings depend on the liquid in the pump for lubrication. They will eventually
wear so that the clearance becomes greater and more liquid passes into the suction. This rate of wear depends on
mm
the character of the liquid pumped. Badly worn wear rings will result in severe degradation of pump head and rate
앙
，「‘。。그」-
of flow, partic비 arly on small pumps. Examination of wear patterns can provide valuable information in diagnosing
pump problems and determining their origin.
38 Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

。。-〕〈「agmaE잊m그m--
It is not possible to recommend minimum spares to cover all conditions. However, the following may be taken as a guide:
a) For intermittent service:
• Stuffing-box packing or mechanical seal
ZQ-l。
• Gaskets and O-rings (complete set)
〈
}(m」그
• Packing gland and studs or gland bolts
「ωmm。
g
b) For continuous service (in addition to above):
i그
∞
S‘D
」m(
。，N
• Stuffing-box sleeve bearing
〕
。〔〕@윤「:。m그@@@-ωZmm。그-〈·z。EE허「「m깅
• Headshaft (if used)
• Li neshaft (one set)
• Li neshaft coupling (one set)
• Sleeve bearings , both lineshaft and bowlshaft
• Pump shaft
• Impeller lock collets (one set)
• Bowl and/or impeller wear rings (one set)
A.6.2 Recommended spare parts
The list of recommended spare parts will depend on factors such as normal supplier lead time when ordering parts ,
whether pumping equipment is for use as normal duty or severe duty, and whether or not there is backup pumping
while a unit is down for maintenance and component parts replacemen t. Below is a suggested list of spare parts for
pumping units.
{m〕
「B「-。
For Normal Duty For Severe Duty
z(m。
a
낱-
Packing or mechanical seal Impeller
。앙
흐「
Shaft sleeve Shaft
。:
그〕
Wear rings or wear plates
。g
「m
Set of bearings
Gaskets , O-rings , seals 그잊
a〈σ〈
〈。녁「
For VS8-style pumps , a replacement impeller stack and mechanical seal may be kept on hand.
그즈。그
그@一
A.6.3 Consumables
-ωω。그mEm긍-:PEP-〈〈〈〈〈〈·E。그앙「m
Items normally used in the maintenance of pumping equipment may include the following , but depending on the
type of unit , some items may vary.
Replacement packing , if used
Lubricant (grease or oil)

。。-〕〈「agmaBm ( @ 「 ;
Cleaning materials
Touch-up coating
A.6.4 Required tools and fixtures
」(ωZ
〕=Qa
Most preventive maintenance work requires only the use of standard hand to미s. Removal of packing is aided by
’}m
the use of a packing removal tool with a hook or threaded end.
ζ〈그
「m@mm
Tools and fixtures for pump disassembly and rebuilding , in addition to the above , may include:
。a그S
→∞l디m。N
Li fting devices (crane , hoist , lifting chains or straps)
，。〔
Impeller puller (to remove pressed-on impeller from shaft)
φ〕*。그5m그m@m
Lock collet hammer (to remove colleted impeller from shaft)
Bearing puller (to remove pressed-on bearings from shaft)
‘
@zmm。그
Torch (to heat parts to aid in removal)
-z
Die grinder (to cut out wear rings or remove shaft sleeves , if needed)
-。〈E그그m「「m깅z
Work table or fixture for holding pump
Measuring equipment (feeler gauges , dial indicator, etc.)
Hot oil bath (or method to heat bearings and coupling hubs for installation)
「。。
그a。「
Fastener torques, rotation direction, and sequence
g그
A.6.5
”**〈〈@
Proper tightening of bolting is very importan t. These values will vary depending on the size and grade of bolting
used. Refer to the installation , operation , and maintenance (10M) manual provided with the specific pumping unit
。-「즈
for proper torque values for specific fasteners.
ω깅그
m「걱=2ma·。-앙그σgmgσ〈E
Most fasteners are standard right-hand threads; however, some units may have fasteners with left-hand threads.
Consult the 10M manual provided with the specific pumping unit for designation of rotation.
When reassembling a pumping unit, it is important to follow the tightening sequence stated by the pump manufac-
turer in the 10M manual. Failure to properly tighten the bolting in sequence (usually going from one side to the
other, then back) may result in misalignment , binding , and leakage.
A.6.6 Pump decontamination
Before disassembling a pumping unit , it is very important to ensure that the unit is thoroughly cleaned and there
are no residual contaminants that could cause injury or iII ness. This is particularly true with pumps used for pump-
녁n
ing chemicals and sewage handling.

그-
그
(-。
〕-
The method of cleaning pumps will vary with the design and construction of the pump. In general , the pump needs
「-
to be properly drained , f1 ushed out , and any evidence of contamination removed. Contents of the pump , cleaning
그〈@〈
materials , and wash-down materials should be properly disposed. In addition to thorough cleaning , disinfecting all
。〈그
surfaces for protection from injury and iII ness is recommended. During the decontamination and disassembly work
〈m
to the pump , workers are required to wear protective clothing and equipment to protect them from exposure to
〈。
〈-
potentially harmful materials.

·@
i긍m。그앙「mm〔。。그‘

。。。〈그。크
그gama
When decontaminating a pump , it is important to use a fluid or compound that will not damage (e.g. , corrode or
「:보:。@그m@
swell) pump components. Often the pump materials of construction are suitable for limited corrosive service with
pumpage liquids , such as potable water. Li mited contact time with the pump is recommended. Before disinfection
or decontamination of a pumping unit, careful consideration must be given to the following items: mixing concentra-
tion prior to entering the pump , method of dosage, and pumping operation , e.g. , limiting flow, throttling , and limiting
」(gU
retention time. Pump components partic비 arly sensitive to disinfection fluids or compounds include pump shafting ,
aZQ《l
bearing journals , and elastomeric sleeve-type bearings. It is recommended to always contact the pump manufac-
E 「mm 。그→∞‘m
turer prior to disinfecting or decontaminating a pump.
A.6.7 Disassembly
Pump disassembly should be performed as outlined in the 10M manuals provided by the equipment manufacturer.
디。N
In most cases , the pumps are removed from their installed locations and disassembly is performed in a well-
，。〔}{;。「=。m「amm-m
equipped repair facility.
A.6.8 Inspection
Once the pumping unit is disassembled , component parts should be inspected to determine their condition. Worn
parts should be reconditioned to like-new condition or replaced.
A.6.8.1 Acceptance criteria and dimensions
The operation and maintenance manual for the subject pump lists the dimensional criteria , such as wear-ring clear-
ε그Iω
ance. If this clearance is no longer attainable because of wear, then the wear rings should be replaced. Li kewise if
그m
any dimension or t이 erance deviates from the allowable amount as shown in the operation and maintenance man-
@。
ual , then it requires correction.
「그「
-m〈깅
A.6.8.2 Shaft straightening
·「z。
。(는。--。그。「그m”든。「츠그@-ω깅m@
Refer to the manufacturer for acceptable limits and correction techniques. If a pump shaft is bent beyond accept-
able limits , then it requires replacement or straightening. The shaft may be checked for straightness by setting the
shaft between two rollers and checking runout by use of a dial indicator. The shaft may be straightened by either
the heating and cooling technique or bending it back to straight by use of a press.
A.6.9 Assembly
Following disassembly, cleaning , inspection , and replacement or repair of the component parts , the pump may be
reassembled. Follow the assembly procedures listed in the operation and maintenance manual as provided by the
pump manufacturer. During the assembly procedure , take care not to damage any of the component parts and
avoid contamination (dirt , debris , moisture , etc.) to the unit.
A.6.9.1 Clearances
Proper clearances are shown in the operation and maintenance manual for the pump in question. Following
assembly of the pump , be sure it turns freely without binding or rubbing.
。「-@
BE긍-
A.6.10 Auxiliary equipment - see separate documentation

。-z-(
m
(Manufacturer will include information in this section regarding auxiliary equipmen t.)
그ua
〈
·〈i
·〈〈
。
A.7 Troubleshooting guide

R
〈-
〈m。
m그E
When investigating pump trouble at the jobsite , every effort should first be made to eliminate all outside influences.
…σ
If the performance is suspect , the correct use and accuracy of instruments should first be checked. In addition ,
…’
g「m
note that pump performance is substantially affected by such liquid characteristics as temperature , specific gravity,
3mg
and viscosity.
앙‘σ。
〈。녁그。Bm。그

。。，〕〈m그
g잉B앞
흑m그보:。
A.7.1 Hydra비 ic performance
m그mmqa 」〔Z
A.7.1.1 Pressure
Insufficient pressure from a pump may be caused by any of the following conditions:
〕QI〈
a) Speed too low.
}--m
NOTE: When direct-connected to an electric motor, determine if the motor is across the line and receives 띠”
-m}。
voltage. When direct-connected to a steam turbine , make sure the turbine receives f비 I steam pressure.
「그‘∞’디@
b) System head less than anticipated.
l。N
。〔〕잉{。m
c) Air or gas in liquid.
d) Impeller rings worn.
「그:
m。mm-mZ。
e) Impeller damaged.
n Impeller diameter too smal l.
ωm그-
·〈
g) Impeller for wrong direction of rotation.
z。은그그m「「
비
Wrong direction of rotation.
m깅「。(는。，-。그。「
Excessive clearance adjustment on semi-open impellers.
Leaking joints.
k) Failed to remove protective caps for shipment from suction and discharge openings.
Rotating internal stack (VS8)
@그-m
앙
m) Check valve (on the pump ’5 discharge line) operating improperly due to trash or a mechanical problem.
깅m
〈「3
〈-각
。m「
Loss of suction under these conditions may be caused by any of the following conditions:
a즈디
그-mEσgma
a) Suction line drawing air.
b) Suction lift too high or insufficient NPSHA.
〈σ녁그〔)
c) Air or gas in liquid.
ω。크
d) Bowl gasket defective.

그 m 。-그
m 욕-。-
e) Clogging of strainer.
Excessive well drawdown.

(-u-
〈
그〈-〈〈·
g) High liquid temperature.

〈E〈
。그앙「@@*3。
A.7.1.2 Flow
Lack of discharge from a pump may be caused by any of the following conditions:
-。

。。。〈그잉그
B{말m
m그
a) Pump not primed.
am=-。@그m@
b) Speed too low.
NOTE: When direct-connected to an electric motor, determine if the motor is across the line and receives f비 l
」(aZ
voltage. When direct-connected to a steam turbine , make sure the turbine receives f비 1 steam pressure.
〕
SQl〈
}「:---。
c) System head exceeds shut-off head.
d) Suction Iift higher than that for which pump is designed.
m그m→@’디m
e) Impeller completely plugged.
l。N
。(〕@*。그5m그mmm·
Impeller installed backwards.
g) Wrong direction of rotation.

비
Air leak in the suction line.
W리 1 drawdown below minimum submergence.
-zm
Pump damaged during installation.
。ζE@
써
「@
Broken lineshaft or coupling.
를。m
그「
sha야.
-「
Impeller(s) loose on
〈mb「。(는당-。그
m) Closed suction valve.
미
Failed to remove protective caps for shipment from suction and discharge openings.
0) Check valve (on the pump’s discharge line) operating improperly due to trash or a mechanical problem.
-。깅
ω「
Insufficient discharge from a pump may be caused by any of the following conditions:
@그
「@B”
a) Air leaks in suction line (can pumps).
-〈-〈
E。
b) Speed too low.
a「
·즈。그
NOTE: When direct-connected to an electric motor, determine if the motor is across the line and receives f비|
-
σ。
voltage. When direct-connected to a steam turbine , make sure the turbine receives f비 1 steam pressure.
m
낮E녁그
σ。
c) System head higher than anticipated. g그
m-a
m。
m-
d) Insufficient NPSHA: Suction li付 too high.

。m
그긍--。--그。;
e) Clogged suction line or screen.
Not enough suction head for hot or volatile liquids.
g) Foot valve too small.

」m〈
비
각m〈
Impeller partially plugged.

m특
--〈。〈
。-
Rings worn.
그}
-·mn-

。。E;
、ι프
「@gE잊m그m---nm그」
Impeller damaged.
k) Impeller(s) loose on sha야.
Excessive clearance adjustment on semi-open impeller.
ω(m
Z〕a
QS
m) Suction valve partially closed.
l〈
}〔}m
미
Leaking joints.
「m 。그i@1디m。N
0) Foot valve of suction opening not submerged enough.
p) Impeller installed backwards.
，
。〔〕@「。「:。m그mmm-mZmm。그-〈·z。윤그그m「「m깅디「
q) Wrong direction of rotation.
Check valve (on the pump’s discharge line) operating improperly due to trash or a mechanical problem.
A.7.1.3 Power
High power consumption may be caused by any of the following conditions:
a) Speed too high.
b) System head lower than rating , pumps too much liquid (radial and mixed flow pumps).
c) System head higher than rating , pumps too li야 le liquid (axial and mixed flow pumps).
d) Specific gravity or viscosity of liquid pumped is too high.
e) Shaft ben t.
Rotating element binds.
g) Stuffing boxes too tigh t.

미
Impeller rings worn.
-。mE
aσ
Electrical or mechanical defect in motor.
zg
gm-
Undersized submersible cable or poor connections.
a。σ그
서
〈。
, Incorrect lubrication of driver. 녁「
그。
m그
。
Lubricant in shaft enclosing tube too viscous.

그밍
-}특
m@긍
。。
A.7.2 Mechanical
-
「그-즈
。
u‘
.그
A.7.2.1 Vibration
·E。그앙「m잊‘。。그} -S@
-
S〈그
-〈〔
Refer to ANSI/HI 9.6.4 , Rotodynamic Pumps for Vibration Measurements and Allowable \셔lues.
m깅m「B-zma·

。。{〕〈그@잊
gmm
A.7.2.2 Bearing temperature
그a잎B
:。@그ωma
The temperature of the bearings within a vertical pump is not measured. When bearing temperature is measured ,
it is usually either at the driver bearings or independent thrust bearing mounted below the driver. (Manufacturer will
include information in this section regarding values for allowable bearing temperatures.)
」S(Z
〕Q‘《
A.7.2.3 Noise
E 「mm。그→∞，。m
The sound generated within a vertical pump is discussed in ANS I/ HI2.3 , Rotodynamic (Ver다cal) Pumps for Design
and Application. The sound pressure level for vertical pumps is usually less than the sound generated by the driver.
A.7.3 Electrical
l。N
。〔)@{。「:。m그mm·
(Manufacturer will include information in this section regarding electrical troubleshooting.)
A.8 Parts listing and cross-sectional drawings
mz-
。mEZ
Vertically Suspended Pump Types
극Emm
and Classifications
「。「그
m-
Vertically Suspended
깅〈
「。(낱앙-。그。「그잉를。「즈a그
Single Casing
(Open Pit Intake)
I
|
,
r
Discharge
Double Casing
(Can or Suction Barrellntake)
In-line
뼈
sm
때
e Casing
떠
Through
Column
「」-「
Li neshaft Canti-
Diffuser
s。
Volute Diffuser
〕
--
-틀m
ma
VS2 VS4 a VS 5a VS6 VS8
깅σ
[
置μ때
디 團韓
며
며
맹뼈 뛰
禮뼈 멈
@〈
風빽니
「녁
”] ”H U
그그=。
:Bm
르
U
니
]
잉m
a
。긍·
]
그-。-。--그。·특특ξ·E。그앙「mE。。그}·
a See ANSIIHI 1.4, Centrifugal Pumps for Installation , Operation and Maintenance.
Figure A.10 - Vertical pump types - single and m띠 tistage
Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved 45

。。，〕〈그잉흔m:g
ωB-
。m-
@-그
E@「mgg
」。ZQl〈
161
}---「mm。그‘@’
105
N。D(
191
m。)，
2 Impeller
@*。「:。m그mmmZ
101 6 Shaft, pump
39 Bearing , sleeve
68 Collar, shaft
70 Coupling , shaft
215
71 Adapter
-。m
197
강Z
84 Collet, impel보r lock
「m
윤m@
199 101 Pipe , column
。「그「
105 Elbow, discharge
-m
68
〈깅「。ggu:。그。「그m(〈
84 161 Fitting , discharge
39 191 Coupling , column pipe

197 Case , discharge
2
199 Bowl intermediate
213
203 Case , suction
231
6
209 Strainer
203 213 Ring , bowl
디〈
209 215 Valve , column check (optiona l)
-m
각
。-「
230 Motor, submersible
σ즈
70
g그
231 Electric cable , submersible
mmaa
71
σ1
251 Shroud , flow (optiona l)
〈m
녁
230
}ω
「그
。그。
B
ω。그
--zm
mga
251
-EP-그。.‘f〈
a〈「
?@〈@
〈(→·
3〈。
-〈。·E。
Figure A.11 - Vertical , multistage, submersible pump (VSO)

。。，〕〈그잉를maBgm「퍼」
2
Impeller
6 Electríc motor, Ríght-angle
Sha야， pump
8 vertical hollow shaft gear drive ,
, impeller
m Ring
Shaft , head
design-ì vertical hollow shaft
m Shaft, /desígn
드(。
line
Z
〕Q
3
@l그
”u
Packing 휴
}”
」
〈〔
Gland
m
정 웠 때 닮 않 “아
m
m」
Ring , lantern
m
q「。
S그‘@l。mN。
Bearing , sleeve
Deflector
Bell , suction
。，
Bushing, stuffing box
〔)@「。「:。m그m@·
Collar, protecting
앙ω
Nut, shaft-adjustíng
m Couplíng, shaft
η
Lubricator
”m
Bracket , lubricator
m
여
Stuffing box
mz-
%%
Collet, impeller lock
。m
%
EZ
Tube, shaft-enclosing
인 이 따 떠
그m그m
Stabilizer , tube
m。
A1l
Pípe , column
「그「
iq--j1l
-m
Bearing, throttle
〈강「。(낱당-。그-
Bearíng, lineshaft,
enclosing
129 Sole plate
131 Guard, coupling
183 Nut, tubing
。ω깅
185 Plate, tension , tube
「m그
187 Head, surface discharge
「및B-
189 Flange, top column
특Z。
m「
191 Coupling , column pipe
a
디-즈m그
193 Retainer, bearing , open
E。
lineshaft
틀
σmασ〈녁그。
195 Adapter, tube
197 Case , discharge
199 Bowl, íntermediate ω。그
203 Case , suction

그m」。-m긍EP-그(u
209 Strainer (optional)

211 Pipe , suction (optional) i) Enclosed impeller
。 pen lineshaft
213 Ring , bowl
hollow shaft driver
‘.〈〈흔E
ii) Enclosed impeller

〈〈
enclosed lineshaft
으‘;…*「m**bRi--
hollow shaft driver
Figure A.12 - Deep well pumps (VS1)

。。깅a
〈극「maB 밍 m「@---m
Vertical solid shaft
。m
electric motor
@α
그S」〔Z
〕Q’}〈〔
131 2 Impeller
6 8ha뼈， pump
m」m「
42
。그→∞1디m(U。
8 Ring , impeller
66 12 8haft , line
44
13 Packing
46 4
j1l·A1l.
l(
8leeve , shaft
N〕@*。m「
40 5
Bowl , discharge
17 ‘,--7
Gland
그m
187
:m
9 29 Ring , lantern
。m-mZ
rζ
4l3 32 Key, impeller
。
3 39 Bearing , sleeve
ω그
p」
m-〈
3 40 Deflector
ι ‘ rι
Z 。 E 그프ω「「
4l 9 42 Coupling half, driver
4lQu1
44 Coupling half, pump
녀
4l
「L
m깅「a
r. mm
46 Key, coupling
‘ 55 Bell , suction
。z。:。그。「m
4l ci3
4l4 63 Bushing , stuffing box
%
2
4--/ Nut, shaft adjusting
0 m Coupling
그”은。「즈
, shaft
mι
6
Ring , thrust , retainer
4l5
g그
83 8tuffing box
-ω깅m「
q9
]
Qu2
86 Ring , thrust , split
B-2mg。-m
2 101 Pipe , column
8 129 80le plate
[/‘4 3 131 Guard , coupling
,
「a:
g〕
2 161 Fi야 ing ， discharge
q니
maσ〈→I。Bm 。그 m 。-m
4lQ 9
]
187 Head , surface discharge
Qu6
193 Retainer, bearing , open
q)9
lineshaft
5
Rυ
199 Bowl , intermediate

213 Ring , bowl
긍 -i
。‘-Ru〈-
〈-륙〈-
〈(。m
그앙m
「mi
‘。。「그
Figure A.13 - Vertical single or multistage, short setting , open lineshaft (VS1)
48 Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved

。。검코띠m를
aB밍 m그m二-。@m그
Motor, vertical
m〔냥，。」
solid shaft design
2
Impeller
6
Z(
5haft, pump
Q〕
U
I〈
5haft, Iine
}〔」m
더 댄 끼 강 갱 앓 m
Packing
「m 。그‘∞
131 Bowl , discharge
42 Gland
iDm
Nut, impeller
86
。，
Ring , lantern
N。〔〕@{일m:
66
Key, impeller
생쟁 때
44 Bearing , sleeve
46 Coupling half, driver
그m。mm-mζ。
Coupling half, pump
17 %
Key, coupling
따싸 없
13
Bell , suction
mm그-
29 [
m
Bushing , stuffing box
·〈z 。E표」m
83 Collar, protecting
%
Nut, shaft adjusting
161 m Coupling shaft
「「@깅「。(낱(
m
야
63
Ring , thrust, retainer
m@
187 5tuffing box
%
Ring , thrust, split
129 m
때대때 …셉
Pipe, column
12
gi
50le plate
“s，
39 Guard , coupling
。-「。
193 Fitting , discharge
즈그-。
mm
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。
m깅「
101
Retainer, bearing ,
@B
「--Ea。-mE틀
open Ii neshaft
70
209 5trainer (optiona l)
6
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39
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15 15
82 32 )。크
2
그 ω。
2
86
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32
55 55
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64
5〈〈〈〈·$。
24
39
With bearing 209 Without bearing
below impeller below impeller
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앙。「크-
Figure A.14 - Mixed f1 0w vertical , open lineshaft (V S1)

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g흥그maBmE그m=。
-m그ωmaS 」(Z
〕Q1〈
electric motor
}I 「mm 。그 →∞‘m
1
Case , V마 ute
2
。。lN
Impeller
5
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Diffuser, transition
6
Shaft, pump
7
Ring , bell wearing
8
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Ring , impeller
m。
띠염끼m
mm-mζ。
Shaft, line
Packing
mm
Gland
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강앓 m
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갱 Key, impeller
Bearing , sleeve
”%
Coupling half, driver
μ 뼈 Rω
m깅「。(낱。:m
Coupling half, pump
Key, coupling
Bell , suction
원혀
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COllar, protecting
。흔-그
5 %
。。
m
「「
즈그
Coupling , shaft
m
잉
그@-B
Stuffing box
%
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l
E「
‘·l
g。
Sole plate
·-mEσgm〈
4·l
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에 ·l
Fitting , discharge
m않
‘,
l
Head , surface discharge
‘,
qσ
l
Retainer, bearing
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닝。」
그m」Em그측-。--그。‘
·든a
。특그〈
앙〈「@밍。B。
·
Figure A.15 - Vertical double suction , short setting , open lineshaft (VS2)
50 Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

。。-u〈그띠흥maBmE그m--Z-
Q。’}
(〈ω
〔그」m
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∞S
Vertical hollow shaft
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electric motor
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，
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77
2 Impeller
6 Shaft, pump
79 10 Shaft, head
81 12 Shaft, line
15 Bowl , discharge
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131 32 Key, impeller
。-감m
39 Bearing , sleeve
그C
40 Deflector
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55 Bell , section
m「。「
64 Collar, protecting
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66 Nut, shaft a에 usting
-깅
〈「。aζg-。그。「그@(〈
70 Coupling , shaft
77 Lubricator
79 Bracket, lubricator
81 Pedestal , driver
82 Ring , thrust , retainer
85 Tube , shaft-enclosing
86 Ring , thrust , split
93 Clamp , umbrella (optíona l)
95 Umbrella , suction (optional)
97 Li ner, bowl
디-
6
〈m
101 Pípe, column
。E
뭇σ
103 Bearing , lineshaft, enclosed
-g
105 Elbow, discharge
그m
86
@a
129 Sole plate
-σω
131 Guard , coupling
161 Fitting , discharge 〈깅커m
그「
167 Valve , air and vacuum release
。『
(optional)
그=}2
183 Nut, tubing

@。
185 Plate, tension , tube

mE
95
그
aP
93
햄
옐월 니 강
m
--。s
-~m→
g〈E
〈PS·”@。
Figure A.16 - Vertical , axial flow impellar (propeller) type (enclosed lineshaft) below floor discharge
3 그앙「mm*‘。。
configuration (VS3)

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Motor, vertical 2 Imp잉보r
ιg-
〔m
solid shaft design
-
6 Shaft, pump
m-
그
「mmαS」(Z
8 Ring , impeller
131 39 Bearing , sleeve
〕Q’}〈〔
42 42 Coupling half, driver
44 Coupling half, pump
86
m」
46 Key, coupling
m「
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88
55 Bell , suction
l디m。
66 66 Nut, shaft a대 usting
lN
44 73 Gasket
。。@*。=5m그m
46 80 Seal , mechanical ,
rotating element
89 84 Collet, impeller lock
80 86 Ring , thrust , split
‘
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87
m
m。그;z
87 Seal chamber
161
88 Spacer, coupling
39
、。 {「
89 Seal , mechanical
187
ζ 즘m「「m건「。〔는당-。그。깅
101 Pipe , column
73
205
193 193 Retainer, bearing ,
39 open lineshaft
101 199 Bowl , intermediate
205 Barrel or can suction
39
213 Ring , bowl
「
m「그걱
199
m=(Z
2
특@。g
213
「·즈。그
84
-@m-
6
Eασgmgσm〈。녁
8
39
55
-@
55
205
그
:
그。i「
p-그
그〔
Suction nozzle in Suction nozzle in barrel

u@-〈
。
discharge head
-〈
훨
그응〈〈-(
a「@m。
m그，…
‘…。。크
Figure A.17 - Vertical single or multistage barrel or can pump (VS6)

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잉a흥
크밍 m그잎 :nm
그ωmaS」(Z
〕Ql
electric motor
《E 「mm。그→∞’디
1
Case , volute
m。lN
2
Impeller
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5
Diffuser, transition
6
Shaft, pump
7
m「
Ring , bell wearing
그m
8
=m
Ring , impeller
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U
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앓잃
。ω그
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m-
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·〈
”
z 。 ε 그그m「「
K
Coupling hal f. driver
μ% 다써
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%
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73
m깅「。(낱。=。그。「그-
Bell , suction
%
Collar, protecting
%
Nut, shaft a대 usting
m Coupling
n Gasket , shaft
mω
Seal , mechanical ,
rotating element
@ω깅
86 Ring , thrust, split
-m를
「크
87 Seal chamber
。-m
88 Spacer, coupling
곳
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89 Seal , mechanical
。-。〔
m「:m
101 Pipe , column
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〈녁그。-j@。}
193 Retainer, bearing
199 Bowl , intermediate (optiona l)
205 Barrel or can , suction
그(m
EEP@
E「P흔-
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Figure A.18 - Vertical double suction, multistage barrel or can pump (VS7)

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a띠Bm
흥E「흐=。
νertical solid shaft
m그ωmaS」(〕ZQ’}m
electric motor
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4-----2
」그
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「→∞
lDm
131 Impeller
6
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88 Ring , casing
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66 Ring , impeller
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73 89 ”%
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%
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32 117 %
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mb
%
「。(낱당-。그。「그잉〈
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1 Pedestal , driver
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8
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Elecìric motor, vertical

solid shaft design
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A.9 Certification
그-@-
-〕
Although many retailers , consumers , distributors , installers , and regulatory officials today require that certification
mZ
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marks appear on products , there may still be some confusion about what certification marks mean , who is qualified
to perform product testing and certification and issue the marks , and how product safety testing and performance @m
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certification organizations can assist in protecting purchasers from products that do not meet accepted standards
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for safety and/or performance. To help clarify these issues , a guide to understanding how the process works fol-
:→-
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lows.
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A.9.1 Why product certification matters
Product certification marks offer peace of mind to well drillers , pump installers , product specifiers , regulators , retail-
ers , and consumers alike. Certification marks such as UL and CSA-US provide credible evidence that a product
has been independently tested and certified to meet recognized standards for safety or performance.
In some jurisdictions , such as New York City, Los Angeles (city and county) , Chicago, Washington , Oregon , and
North Carolina , certification marks are mandatory; in other jurisdictions these marks are voluntary. But in either

。。{〕〈「Eg@gBmE「퍼」
case it makes good sense to look for a reputable certification mark on the products you buy, sell , and specify, espe-
cially in today’s business environment where independent verification and product liability litigation are increasing
concerns.
Certification marks demonstrate responsible corporate citizenship , and shows commitment to customer satisfac-
-(-
tion and safety. It means greater consumer confidence. Certification demonstrates that products will work together
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safely, such as a pump and motor assembly, and various contr이 box combinations.
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A.9.2
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UL and CSA-US acceptance
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For over 100 years , products have been tested and listed by independent testing laboratories for use in North
iS@IDmN
America to ensure public safety. Product certification marks are the result of an independent , accredited third-party
testing and certification process. Today, the three largest product-safety testing and certification laboratories in
。
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North America are Underwriters Laboratory Inc (U 니， Canadian Standards Association (CSA) , and Intertek (ITS
[ETL]).
Today, it makes no difference which recognized laboratory tests and certifies a product. This is a direct result of the
North American Free 끼i"ade Agreement (NAFTA) as ap미 ied to third-party conformity assessment procedures rec-
ognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Products displaying the CSA marks are accepted by, and found on the shelves of, leading retail chains and carried
by leading wholesalers and distributors.
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Z그m그
For additional information on the various certification marks , their meaning , interchangeability, and other related
m@
topics , visit UL at www.u l. com and CSA at www.csa-internationa l. org.
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A.9.3 Authorized testing locations
m깅「。(낱。:。그。「그앙특。
There are two considerations to ensure testing compliance:
The standard to which a product is tested and the independent testing
The certification laboratory that tests the product and certifies its compliance , authorizing the manufacturer to
apply its certification mark
AII similar listed products in the United States are tested to the same standard , regardless of whether or not they
are tested , certified by, and carry either a UL or CSA-US mark. Hence , UL and CSA-US marks are interchangeable
디-
and are normally equally accepted today.
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Because multiple laboratories have attained national accreditation/recognition as a Nationally Recognized Testing
@g
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Laboratory (NRTL) through OSHA to test and certify various types of product , a competitive open testing and certi-
ωg
fication marketplace has been created. These different competing laboratories can then test and evaluate similar
products against the same standards , offering choices in laboratories and certification marks that are not solely 깅σm
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based on who did the testing and evaluation.

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To receive OSHA recognition , a laboratory should submit application materials to OSHA. OSHA then performs an
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application review and an assessment review of the laboratory’s organization , programs , and test facilities to prove
that it has the necessary competence , capabilities , calibration and control programs , independence , and reporting
and compliant handling procedures. If the findings are successful , the laboratory is considered approved as an
εS그。
NRT L. AII NRTLs test products against the same set of standards regardless of who wrote or published them. The
〈〈
·.E으
organizations that are covered to test the same products are then considered equally qualified to perform the test-
‘i:「
ing covered by their OSHA recognitions.

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The certification mark provides visual evidence that the product was tested and certified to meet the ap미 icable
standard. AII listed products for the US market are tested to the same standard , regardless of whether they carry a

。。。〈그잉흥@m
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UL or CSA-US mark. Hence , the following UL and CSA marks are interchangeable and are usually equally
보밍:。
accepted today.
m그ωmaS 」。ZQl;I「mm 。그→∞

A.9.3.1 Underwriters Laboratories , Inc
했 UL listing mark
This is one of the most common UL marks. If a product carries this mark , it means UL found that representative
samples of this complete product met U L.: s safety requirements. These requirements are primarily based on U L.: s
l디m〔
own published Standards for Safety. Testing and certification is performed by UL.
νi。
N〔〕@윤「:。
c US LlSTED
C-UL US listing mark
m@
UL introduced this new listing mark in early 1998. It indicates compliance with both Canadian and US require-
m그-”
ments. The Canada/US UL mark is optiona l. UL encourages those manufacturers with products certified for both
m”ζ
countries to use this new, combined mark, but they may continue using separate UL marks for the United States
m。그-
and Canada. Testing and certification is performed by U L.
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톰i ’l훌 Recognized Component mark and Canadian Recognized Component mark
「「@깅「
These are marks consumers rarely see because they are specifically used on component parts that are pa 야 of a
larger product or system , such as motors and their controls , which are then assembled together in combination
g。5그
with a pump. These components may have restrictions on their performance or may be incomplete in construction.
(。는「그밍〈〈-
Products intended for Canada carry the Recognized Component mark “ C." Testing and certification is performed by
UL.
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℃
긋 m 깅@B
「-(Ea。
Water Quality mark
The UL Water Quality mark appears on drinking water products evaluated to drinking water standards. The UL
·-앙-
Water Qu러 ity mark can be found on drinking water treatment additives; drinking water treatmen t/filtration units;
「.σgm
drinking water system components and materials , such as submersible well pumps and their motors; water storage
tanks; and distribution and plumbing products. Until the UL Water Quality mark is f비 Iy implemented in 2010 , the UL
〈 a녁
EPH (upside-down triangle) may also appear on drinking water products. Testing and certification is performed by
σ 그)〔
UL. Bω。그 m 。-m
A.9.3.2 Canadian Standards Association

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꽃E@ 얹줬황
‘S
협 RTL
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Certification marks for the Unite

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For the United States: A CSA mark with the indicator “ US" or “ NRT L.:' means that the product is certified for the US
*잉「
market to the applicable US standards. Testing and certification is performed by CSA.

.。。크‘

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꽃E￡ 뚫활활
n(m
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For the United States and Canada: A CSA mark with the indicators “ C" and “ US" or “ NRT LlC" means that the
m;m
product is certified for both the US and Canadian markets , to the applicable US and Canadian standards. Testing
갔￦
E「αmS
and certification is performed by CS A.
m。그→∞’디m?N。〔〕@{。「:。m·
輝
For the United States: A CSA mark with the indicator “ NSF/ANSI 61" means that the product is certified for the
US market to the requirements of the ANSI/NSF 61 standard Drinking IIL성ter System Components - Health E悔 cts.
Testing and certification is performed by CSA.
A.10 Other relevant documentation and manuals
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(Manufacturer will include other relevant documentation or manuals , such as motor manuals , in this section.)
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=그-。
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g*디
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m(。-
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Appendix B - Index - 2008
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Appendix B
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Index
a」〔Z
〕QI;E「mm。그 →∞
This appendix is not part of this standard , but is presented to help the user with factors referenced in the standard.
Note: an f. indicates a figure , and a t. indicates a table.
l。mn
ATEX mark (explosive atmospheres) , 5 , 9 pump bearing lubrication , 34
‘N。〔〕@「。「:
reduced voltage start , and valves , 35
Canadian Recognized Component mark , 57 rotation , 31
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) , 56 series operation , 36
certification marks for the United States , 57 , 58 shaft sealing settings and a이 ustments ， 32
m。
certification marks for the United States and start-up check list, 31
m@
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Canada , 58 system flushing , 31
-mg。
CE mark (Conformité Européenne) , 5 valve setting at start-up , 36
w그
Certification section , 55 valve settings and operation (timing) , 35
m-
authorized testing locations , 56 vibration (alarms and trip points) , 37
·〈z。 E 「윤
CSA-US mark , 55 , 56 water hammer, and valves , 36
outline , 3 CSA mark , 56
significance of, 55 CSA-US mark , 55 , 56
m「「@깅「
UL mark, 55 , 56 C-UL mark , 57
Underwriters Laboratories , Inc. (U 니， 57
Commissioning , sta 다:-up ， operation , and shut-down EMC mark (electromagnetic compatibility) , 5
g。
-
。(
section Equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres. See
그는
。「그밍를。「즈그
across-the-line start , and valves , 35 ATEX mark
bearing temperature , 38 , 45 Explosive atmospheres , 11
closed valve operation (warning) , 35 maintenance to avoid risk of explosion , 12
condition monitoring , 37 See also ATEX mark
discharge bypass for reduced or minimum flow
m「
operation , 36 Installation , operation , and maintenance manuals for
3@-
discharge valve position on starting (high or medium rotodynamic (vertical) pumps. See 10M
-2ω
head pumps) , 36
m깅
manuals
g。
discharge valve position on starting (mixed or axial Installation section , 17
·-mS.σgm
flow pumps) , 36 air and vacuum release valves , 24f. , 25
drive system settings , 35 alarm equipment , 29
driver lubrication , 34 alignment , 26
〈g녁
and guards , 31 alignment of drivers , couplings , etc. , 26
σ그。}그
hydraulic resonance solutions , 37 baseplate leveling , 19f. , 21
lube filtration , 35 cable types for submersible motors , 29
m
。그mE@
lubrication , 31 check valves , 24f. , 24 , 25

lubrication ~ystem settings , 34 clearance setting , 26
긍 --p
mechanical seals , 33 conditions that may reduce flow past motor , 23

minimum continuous flow , 34 control equipment , 29
-그(u·
minimum thermal flow , 34 cooling systems , 29

’5ε 〈〈〔
noise prevention and minimization , 37 discharge valves , 24 , 24 f.

outline , 2 driver alignment for submersible (VSO) units , 28
당 a*「m앙.。。 m
packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f. elbow at pump suction , 24

parallel operation , 36 expansion joints , 24f. , 24
performance testing and verification , 38 factory support requirements , 17
priming by ejector or exhauster, 32 flow inducers , 23
B‘
priming by vacuum pumps , 32 foundation and bolts , 19, 19f. , 20f.

。。。〈그따흥maBmE그보:n」
Installation section-continued maintenance to avoid risk of explosion , 12

grouting , 21 maintenance work , 7
hot alignment considerations , 29 marking and approvals , 5 , 9
increasers , 24f. , 24 material safety data sheets (MSDS) , 12
isolation valves , 24f. , 24 never run pump dry , 8
m(그
lightning and surge protection for submersible no operation beyond specified parameters , 6
Z
〕Oω’
motors , 29 noise level data , 12
m*I
location , 18 outline , 1
a〈「
Smm 。그→∞
lubrication systems , 29 personnel qualification and training , 7
monitoring equipment , 29 rigging and lifting , 13
and nozzle loads , 25 safety action , 7
l。m。
outline , 2 safety labels , 7
pipe reducers , 23f. , 23 scope of compliance , 9
IN。()@강「:nm그mmm-;
pipe supports , anchors , and joints , 22 sparks , 11
piping and connections , 22 starting the pump , 8
priming systems , 29 thermal shock , 7
reverse runaway speed , 30 , 30f. , 31f. 10M (Installation , operation , and maintenance). See
rigging and lifting , 21 10M manuals; and in subheads under various
seismic analysis and earthquake resistance , 20 Rotodynamic (vertical) pump types
siphons , 25 10M manuals , 1
stopping units , 30 informative (not mandatory) description of
m~ζω
strainers , 26 contents , 1, 5
·。m
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submersible motor selection , 28 mandatory outline , 1
E。E
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suction piping requirements , 22 , 23f. See also these sections in this index
m「「m깅「。(는。
suction tanks , 24 Certification
suction valves and manifolds , 23 Commissioning , start-up , operation , and shut-
vertical hollow shaft driver alignment , 27 down
vertical solid shaft driver alignment , 27 Installation
wells , checking , 18 , 18f. Introduction and safety
wet pits , checking , 18 Maintenance
i〈，〈
Intertek, 56 Other relevant documentation and manuals
-。
Introduction and safety section , 5 Parts listing and cross-sectional drawings
。「
그즈
allowable operating region , 9 Product description
。그
applying heat to disassemble pump , 7 Transport and storage
「띠킹-ω깅@
buildup of explosive mixtures , 11 Troubleshooting guide
correct lubrication , 8
dismantling pump , 7 Maintenance section
디-「m3
excessive external pipe load , 8 acceptance criteria and dimensions , 41
E-
excessive surface temperatures , 10 and auxiliary equipment , 41
σ:
explanation of designations (safety terminology and clearances (a代er reassembly) , 41
gmma
symb이 s) ， 5 cold weather , 38
gσ〈녁그ω
explosive atmospheres , 9 consumables for , 39
fluoro-elastomers , 7 fastener torques , rotation direction , and
general guidelines , 6 sequence , 40
。。그
guards , 7 inspection of disassembled units , 41

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handling components , 7 outline , 3

P。
hazardous liquids , 8 pump decontamination , 40

-그
그〔“‘〈〈〈〈〈〈·$。
hot (and cold) parts , 8 pump disassembly , 41

informative (not mandatory) description of 10M reassembly (after inspection) , 41
manual contents , 5 schedule , 38
inlet valves fully open when pump is running , 8 shaft straightening , 41
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instructions to be read before Installation section , spare parts , 38

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operation , use , and maintenance , 6 tools and fixtures , 40

keeping instructions near pump , 6 wear rings , 38
leakage , 11

。。‘〕〈그잉흥maBmE「:보Z=
Mixed flow vertical , open lineshaft (VS1) parts listing Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS1) pumps
and cross-sectional drawing , 49f. Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS3) pumps
Vertical , diffuser, submersible , deep well (VSO)
NationallY Recognized Testing Laboratories pumps
(NRTLs) , 56 Vertical , diffuser, submersible , short set (VSO)
North American Free 끼rade Agreement (NAFTA) , 56 pumps
Q。
Vertical , volute , double suction , can type (VS7)
I〈
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration pumps
〔그
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(OSHA) , 56 Vertical , volute , double suction , wet pit (VS2)
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and Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories pumps
(→:
(NRTLs) , 56 Vertical , volute , multistage axial split , can type
∞。
Operation. See Commissioning , start-up , operation ,
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(VS7a) pumps
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and shut-down section
i
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Other relevant documentation and manuals , 58 Safety. See Introduction and safety section
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Other relevant documentation and manuals section Scope of standard , 1
outline , 3 Shut-down. See Commissioning , start-up , operation ,
and shut-down section
Parts listing and cross-sectional drawings Start-up. See Commissioning , start-up , operation , and
outline , 3 shut-down section
vertical pump types (single and multistage) , 45f.
VSO pumps , 46f. Transport and storage section , 13
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VS1 pumps (deep well) , 47f. disposal of packing materials , 16
m。-
VS1 pumps (mixed flow) , 49f. general requirements , 13
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VS1 pumps (short set) , 48f. long-term storage , 16
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VS2 pumps , 50f. outline , 2
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VS3 pumps , 5 1f. receipt , inspection , and damage reporting , 14
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VS6 pumps , 52f. recommended storage environment , 14
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VS7 pumps , 53f. rigging and lifting , 13
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VS7a pumps , 54f. short-term storage , 15
VS8 pumps , 55f. storage moisture protection , 15
PED mark (Pressure Equipment Directive) , 5 unpacking , 14
Product description section , 16 Troubleshooting guide section , 41
auxiliary equipment , 17 bearing temperature , 45
identification , 16 , 17f. electrical issues , 45
nameplate information , 17 hydraulic performance , 42
nomenclature , 17 mechanical issues , 44
outline , 2 noise , 45
parts , 17 outline , 3
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pump size and model , 17 power, high consumption of, 44
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support systems , 17
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pressure , insufficient, 42
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vibration , 44
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Recognized Component mark , 57
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Rotodynamic (vertical) pumps UL mark , 55 , 56 , 57
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informative (not mandatory) description of 10M Underwriters Laboratories , Inc. (U 니， 56 ， 57

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installation , operation , and maintenance (10M) Vertical , diffuser, can-mounted (VS6) pumps
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manuals , 1 clearance setting , 26

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See also 10M manuals foundation , 20

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mandatory 10M manual outline , 1 10M manuals , 1

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types , 45f. mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1

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See also packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f.

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〈〈흔흔·$으허까「m밍。。그}·
Vertical , diffuser, can-mounted (VS6) pumps rigging and li야 ing ， 13

Vertical , diffuser, deep well (VS1) pumps suction piping requirements , 22 , 23f.
Vertical , diffuser, double casing , in-line , floor
mounted (VS8) pumps

。。-〕〈그잉그〔@qBmE「」
Vertical , diffuser, deep well (VS1) pumps Vertical , diffuser, submersible , short set (VSO) pumps
air and vacuum release valves , 24 f. , 25 cable types for submersible motors , 29
and baseplate leveling , 21 check valves , 24f. , 24 , 25
clearance setting , 26 driver alignment considerations , 28
foundation , 20 foundation , 20
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10M manuals , 1 10M manuals , 1
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mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1 lightning and surge protection for submersible
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packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f. motors , 29
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parts listing and cross-sectional drawing , 47f. mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1
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rigging and lifting , 13 submersible motor selection , 28
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wells , checking , 18 , 18f. wet pits , checking , 18
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wet pits , checking , 18 Vertical double suction , multistage barrel or can pump
Vertical , diffuser, double casing , in-line , floor mounted (VS7) parts listing and cross-sectional
(VS8) pumps drawing , 53f.
clearance setting , 26 Vertical , multistage , submersible pump (VSO) parts
foundation , 20 listing and cross-sectional drawing , 46f.
10M manuals , 1 Vertical single or multistage barrel or can pump (VS6)
mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1 parts listing and cross-sectional drawing , 52f.
mechanical seals , 34 Vertical single or multistage , short setting , open
parts listing and cross-sectional drawing , 55f. lineshaft (VS1) parts listing and cross-sectional
spare parts (recommended) , 39 drawing , 48f.
·z
start-up , 32 Vertical , volute , double suction , can type (VS7) pumps
ω
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suction piping requirements , 22 , 23f. foundation , 20
m그-그
Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS1) pumps 10M manuals , 1
mζ
and baseplate leveling , 21 mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1
mω
clearance setting , 26 packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f.
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foundation , 20 rigging and lifting , 13
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10M manuals , 1 suction piping requirements , 22 , 23f.
드 「。(낱。:。그。「그밍〈〈。「즈그@-ωω깅
mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1 Ve야ical ， v이 ute ， double suction , wet pit (VS2) pumps
packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f. air and vacuum release valves , 24f. , 25
wet pits , checking , 18 and baseplate leveling , 21
Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS3) pumps clearance setting , 26
and baseplate leveling , 21 foundation , 20
clearance setting , 26 10M manuals , 1
foundation , 20 mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1
10M manuals , 1 packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f.
mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1 parts listing and cross-sectional drawing , 50f.
packed stuffing boxes , 32 , 33f. rigging and lifting , 13
parts listing and cross-sectional drawing , 51 f. wells , checking , 18, 18f.
rigging and lifting , 13 wet pits , checking , 18
wells , checking , 18 , 18f. Vertical , volute , multistage axial split , can type (VS7a)
wet pits , checking , 18 pumps
Vertical , diffuser, submersible , deep well (VSO) pumps 10M manuals , 1
air and vacuum release valves , 24 f. , 25 mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1
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check valves , 24f. , 24 , 25 suction piping requirements , 22 , 23f.

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driver alignment considerations , 28 VSO pumps. See Vertical , diffuser, submersible , deep
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lightning and surge protection for submersible

·〈디
motors , 29 pumps; Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS1) pumps

〈-
mandatory standard outline for 10M manuals , 1 VS2 pumps. See Vertical , volute , double suction , wet
흔앙
submersible motor selection , 28

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pit (VS2) pumps

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wells , checking , 18 , 18f. VS3 pumps. See Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS3)
-a-
wet pits , checking , 18 pumps

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62 Hydra비 ic Institute 8tandards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

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VS6 pumps. See Vertical , diffuser, can-mounted (VS6)
그m---。@그@@a
pumps
VS7 pumps. See Vertical , volute , double suction , can
type (VS7) pumps
VS7a pumps. See Vertical , volute , multistage axial
split , can type (VS7a) pumps
ZSQ」
VS8 pumps. See Vertical , diffuser, double casing , in-
’~〔
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line , floor mounted (VS8) pumps
〕-
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A107

ANSI - HI 2.4 (2008) Vertical Pumps-Installation, Operation and Maitenance

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Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

Approved December 4, 2008

Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

Copyright @ 2008 Hydraulic Institute

AII rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form ,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise , without prior

written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

2 .4 Manuals describing installation , operation , and maintenance .............................. " 1

A.3.2.1 Nameplate information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17

A.3 .2.2 Pump ....................................................................... 17

A.4 .1 Factory support requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17

Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved 111

A. 5.5.2 Minimum thermal flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

A.5.5.3 Lubrication system settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

A. 5.5 .4 Drive system settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

A.5.5.5 Valve settings and operation (timing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

A.5.5.6 Condition monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

A. 5.5.7 Vibration (alarms and trip points) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

A. 5.5.8 Performance testing/verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

A. 5.5.9 Bearing temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

iv Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

A.9.3.2 Canadian Standards Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

A. 10 Other relevant documentation and manuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved V

VI Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

To support educational and research activities;

Definition of a Standard of the Hydraulic Institute

tute , which then shall act as a Board of Appeals.

standards are reaffirmed using the ANSI canvass procedure.

Hydraulic Institute 8tandards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved VII

Peter No lI Peerless Pump Company

Kees van der Sluijs Flowserve Pump Division

VIII Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright@ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

2.4 Manuals describing installation, operation , and maintenance

a) Vertical , diffuser, deep well (VS1).

b) Vertical , diffuser, short set (VS1 and VS3).

c) Vertical , diffuser, can-mounted (VS6).

g) Vertical , volute , double suction , wet pit (VS2).

Vertical , volute , double suction , can type (VS7).

Vertical , volute , multistage axial split , can type (VS7a).

2.4.3 Standard outline for 10M manuals

A.1 Introduction and safety

A.1.1 Marking and approvals (CE 1 , ATEXι ， etc.)

A.1 .2.1 Explanation of designations (safety terminology and symbols)

A.1.2.2 General guidelines

A.1.2.3 Safety labels

Conformit승 Européenne (European health and safety product label).

Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

A.5 .4 Checklist - start-up

A. 5.5 Start-up , operation , and shut-down

A.5.5.1 Minimum continuous flow

2 Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

Hydra비 ic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved 3

Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009, AII Rights Reserved

Installation, Operation , and Maintenance Manual

A.1.2.1 Explanation of designations (safety terminology and symbols)

ards. The specific safety markings are:

to personal safety or the loss of life.

Hydraulic Institute Standards , Copyright @ 1997-2009 , AII Rights Reserved 5