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Entrance Exam 2003 -2004 Mathematics Duration: 3 hours

July 2003

Remarks: - The use of the non-programmable calculator is allowed.

- The distribution of grades is over 25

I- (4 points) We admit that, for any natural number  lim x  e  x  0

n 

n
Let U p (n)   x p e x dx where n and p are two natural numbers.
0

1) Calculate U 0 ( n) and show that U1 (n)  1  (1  n)e  n

2) Using integration by parts, prove that U 2 (n)  2U1 (n)  n 2e  n .Calculate limU1 (n)
n 

and deduce limU 2 (n)

n 

3) Using integration by parts, find a relation between U p (n) and U p1 (n) .Deduce that limU p (n)  p!
n 

II- (3 points) We are given 3 urns U1 , U 2 and U 3 such that: U1 contains one red ball and 4 white balls;
U 2 Contains 4 red balls and 4 white balls; and U 3 contains 7 red balls and 3 white balls.
Designate by: P1 the probability that urn U1 is chosen;
P2 the probability that urn U 2 is chosen;
P3 the probability that urn U 3 is chosen;
1
1) Knowing that P1 , P2 and P3 are respectively proportional to 1 , 2 and 3, prove that P1 = and
6
calculate P2 and P3.

2) An urn is chosen and a ball is selected at random from this urn.

a) Calculate the probability to select a red ball knowing that it comes from U1
b) Calculate the probability of the event: “ the selected ball is red and it comes from U1 “.
c) Calculate the probability of the event: “ the selected ball is red”.
d) Knowing that the selected ball is red, what is the probability that it comes from U1 ?

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III- (8 points) the plane is referred to an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) . y

The adjacent 2 curves (C) and (  ) represent respectively
The variations of 2 functions f and g , defined on IR , such that (C)
f is the derivative of g and g is the derivative of f.
1) Let h(x) = ln[ f (x) – g (x)].
a) Prove that h´ (x) is constant. ()
b) Deduce that f (x) – g ( x) = e-x
2) Designate by U n the area of the domain bounded by (C ), (  )
and the 2 straight lines of equations x = n -1 and x=n where n  IN  1
a) Prove that U n  (e  1)e n x ´ O x

b) Prove that U n is the general term of a geometric sequence

whose first term and common ratio are to be determined.
y´

c) Calculate in terms of n , the sum Sn = U1 + U 2 + ……+ Un and determine its limit as n tends to + 
d) Determine the values of n such that Sn > 0.99 . Let P be the least of these values; give a framing of
Sp of amplitude 10-3 .
3) a) Prove that f and g are 2 solutions of the same differential equation (E) of second order which is
to be determined .
b) Solve (E)and deduce the expression of f (x) and that of g (x) .
4) By only using the relation f (x) – g(x) = e-x and admitting that f is even and g is odd, prove
that f (–x) + g(–x) = e-x and find again the expressions of f (x) and g(x)

IV- (10 points) The parts A and B of the problem are independent.
In the complex plane referred to an orthonormal system ( O ; u , v ) , consider the transformation T
that associates to each point M of affix z the point M ´ of affix z´ such that z´=az + b
where a and b are 2 complex numbers such that a  0 and a  1.
A- Suppose in this part that b  0 .
Consider the sequence of points Mn defined by M0 = O ( O being the origin of the system) and
Mn = T (Mn-1), and the sequence of their respective affixes zn defined by z0 = 0 and zn = azn-1 + b
1  an
1) a) Prove by mathematical induction that , for all n  1, zn  b
1 a
b) Prove that if a  1, zn has a limit  to be determined.
c) What does the point L of affix  represent for the transformation T ?

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2) Suppose that a  cos2  i sin 2 and b = 2 sin where  is a number which is not a
multiple of 
a) Give the nature of the corresponding transformation T and determine its characteristic elements
in terms of  .
b) Deduce that the points Mn of affixes zn belong to a circle passing through O whose radius
and the coordinates of its center are to be determined.

c) Construct a figure in case where   and plot the points M0, M1, M2 and M3 .
3

B- Suppose in this part that   1  i and b = 0 . The transformation T will have the complex
expression z´ = (1+i) z.
1) What is the nature of T ? Determine its characteristic elements.
x2 y 2
2) Consider the hyperbola (H) of equation  1
4 5
a) Determine the center of (H), its vertices and the equations of its asymptotes. Draw (H).
b) Determine the eccentricity of (H), one of its foci and the corresponding directrix .
3) Designate by (H ´) the transform of (H) by T .
a) Prove that the equation of (H ´) is x 2  y 2  18xy  80
b) Consider the point F1 (3, 3) and the straight line (  ) of equation 3x + 3y - 8 = 0
Prove that the set of points N such that 4 NF12  9 NK 2 where NK is the distance from N
to (  ) , is the curve (H ´).
c) Deduce that (H ´) is a conic whose nature, eccentricity, a focus and the corresponding
directrix are to be determined.

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Entrance exam 2003-2004 Solution of Mathematic Duration: 3 hours

n n
I- 1) U 0 (n)   e x dx  e x 0n  e n  1,U1 (n)   xe x dx
0 0
x
Letting u = x and v′ = e , we get:
u′ = 1 and v =  e x , which gives
n n
U1 (n)   xe dx   xex x n
0   e x dx  ne n - e n  1  1  (1  n)e n
0 0
n
2) U 2 (n)   x 2e  x dx
0

Letting u = x2 and v′ = e x , we get:

u′ = 2x and v =  e x , which gives
n n
U 2 (n)   x e dx   x e
2 x 2 x n
0   2 xe x dx  n2e n  2U1 (n)
0 0
n
lim U1 (n)  lim [(1  e )  (ne n )]  1  0  0  1
n   n  

lim U 2 (n)  lim 2U1 (n)  n 2e  n  2  0  2

n   n  
n
3) U p (n)   x p e x dx
0

Letting u = xp and v′ = e x , we get

u′ = pxp-1 et v =  e x , which gives
n
U p (n)   x p e x 0n  p  x p 1e x dx  n p e n  pU p -1 (n)
0
p n
lim U p (n)  lim [ n e  pU p 1 (n)] 
n   n  

 lim n p e  n  p lim U p 1 (n)  0  p  lim U p 1 (n)  p  lim U p 1 (n)

n   n   n   n  

With the same reasoning, we get

lim U p 1 (n )=(p-1) lim U p  2 (n )
n  n  

then lim U p (n)  p  ( p  1)  lim U p  2 (n )

n   n  

As a result, we get :
lim U p (n)  p  ( p  1)  ......  2  lim U1 (n)
n   n  

= p  ( p  1)  ......  2 1  p!

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II-1) p1, p2 and p3 are proportional at 1, 2 and 3

p p p
therefore : 1  2  3  k and as p1+ p2 + p3=1, we have :
1 2 3
1
k+2k+3k =1, and since k  , and consequently :
6
1 2 1 3 1
p1  , p2   and p3  
6 6 3 6 2
1
2) a- p( R / U1 )  ; since U1 contains 5 balls of which one only is red.
5
1 1 1
b- p( R  U1 )  p(U1 )  p( R / U1 )   
6 5 30
c- p( R)  p( R  )  p( R  (U1  U 2  U 3 ))
= p((R  U1 )  ( R  U 2 )  ( R  U 3 ))
= p ( R  U1 )  p ( R  U 2 )  p ( R  U 3 )
1 4 1
Or: p( R  U 2 )  p(U 2 )  p( R / U 2 )   
3 8 6
1 7
p( R  U 3 )  p(U 3 )  p( R / U 3 )   , where
2 10
1 1 4 1 7 11
p( R1 )  p( R  U1 )  p( R  U 2 )  p( R  U 3 ) 
      0,55
30 3 8 2 10 20
p(U1  R) 1 20 20 2
d- : p (U1/R)=    
p ( R) 30 11 30  11 33

[ f ( x)  g ( x)] f ( x)  g ( x) g ( x)  f ( x)
III-1) a- h( x)     1
f ( x)  g ( x) f ( x)  g ( x ) f ( x)  g ( x )
Then h(x) is a constant, so h( x)   x  k
b- Graphically, we notice that (C) passes through the point (0 ; 1) and (  ) passes through the
origin (0 ; 0), then f (0) = 1 and g(0) = 0, which gives : h(0)  ln[ f (0)  g (0)]  ln1  0
and on the other hand h(0) = k, therefore k = 0 and consequently h(x) = -x.
Hence : f ( x)  g ( x) = e x

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n n
2) a- U n   [ f ( x)  g ( x)dx]  e
x
dx  [e x ]nn 1
n 1 n 1

 [e  n  e  ( n 1) ]  e  ( n 1)  e  n  e  n 1  e  n  e  n (e  1)

e  1 n Un
b- U n 1  (e  1)e ( n 1)  (e  1)e n  e1  e 
e e
Then, (Un) is a geometric sequence of first term
1 1
U1  1  e1  1  and of common ratio q 
e e
S
c- n  U 1  U 2  ......  U n is the sum of n consecutive terms of geometric sequence of first term

1 1
U1  (1  ) and of common ratio q 
e e
1
1  ( )n
1  qn 1 e  1  e n
S n  U1  (1  )
1 q e (1  1 )
e
lim Sn  1
n 

d- S n > 0.99 gives 1  en >0.99, Let en <0.01, where:

1
then –n < ln(0,01), so –n < ln ( ) , which gives –n < -ln 100 and consequently n > ln(100)
100
or n > 4,605.
That is n  5 , since, n is a natural number. The smallest of these values is then p = 5.
S5  1  e5  0,9932620 A bounding of S5 to the nearest 10-3 is then 0,993< S5 <0,994.
3) a- Since f ( x)  g ( x) and g( x)  f ( x) ; we get f ( x)  g ' ( x)  f ( x) and consequently
f ( x)  f ( x)  0 or y  y  0 . Similarly,
g( x)  f ( x)  g ( x) ; Which gives y  y  0
Then, f and g are the solutions of the differential equation y  y  0

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b- The characteristic equation associated with the differential equation is r 2  1  0 , that has as
solutions
r1  1 and r2  1 , then the general solution of (E) is y  C1e x C 2 e  x .
But, f (0)  1 ; gives C1 C 2  1
1
y  C1e x C 2 e  x and since g(0) = f  (0)=0 ; C1 C 2  0 then C1 C 2 
2
1 1 1 1
f ( x)  e x  e x and since g ( x)  f ( x) we get g ( x)  e x  e x
2 2 2 2
4) f is even , then f ( x)  f ( x) and g is odd, then g ( x)   g ( x)
f ( x)  g ( x)  f ( x)  g ( x)  e  x This relation gives f ( x)  g ( x)  e x
1 1 1 1
We get then the two relations: f ( x)  e x  e x and g ( x)  e x  e x
2 2 2 2

IV-A 1) a- b  0 , M0 = O and Mn = T(Mn-1) for n = 1, we get

1  a1
z1  az0  b  a  0  b  b  b  , Then the relation is verified for n = 1
1 a
Suppose that the relation of order n is true. We have to prove that it remains true for the order
n+1.
1  an ab(1  a n )  b(1  a) b  ban 1 1  a n 1
zn 1  azn  b  a[b ]  b=  b
1 a 1 a 1 a 1 a
The relation is true for all n  1
b b
b- If a  1 then lim an  0 consequently lim zn  hence  
n  n  1 a 1 a
c- The point L (  ) is invariant under T.

2) a- The complex form of T is z  az  b then T is a direct plane similitude.

But a  cos2  i sin 2  ei 2 , a  1 and arg( a)  2 , the ratio of T is 1 and its angle
is 2 . The center of T is an invariant point L, of affix
b 2 sin 2 sin 1
l     sin  i cos
1  a 1  cos 2  i sin 2 2 sin   2i sin cos sin  i cos
2

Hence, T is a rotation of center point L ( sin ; cos ) and angle 2 .

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b- T is a rotation of center L and of angle 2

M0  T
M1  
T
M 2 ....... M n 1 

T
Mn
L M 0  LM 1  LM 2  ........  LM n
But LM 0  LO because M 0  O consequently OL    sin 2   cos2   1
LO = LM 1  LM 2  ........  LM n  1
So, the points M n  z n  belong to the same circle of centre L and radius 1. This circle
passes through O since LO = 1.

  2   2  1 3
c-   gives: a  cos   i sin     i
3  3   3  2 2
 
b  2 sin   3 where : z0  0, z1  az0  b  3
3
 1 3 3 3
z2  az1  b  3    i  3 
  i
 2 2  2 2
 1 3  3 3 
z3     i  
 2  2 i   3  0
 2 2  
 3 3
M0 = O, M 1 ( 3;0) , M 2  ;  , M 3  O
 2 2
y

M2(√3/2 ;3/2)

1
L

(0 ; 0)M0 M1 ( 3;0) x
M3(0 ;0) 1 2


i 
B. 1) a  1  i  2e 4 , then T is a direct plane similitude of center O, b = 0 , of ratio 2 and angle
4
2) The center of (H) is O (0; 0)
x2
For y = 0 ;we get  1, x  2 where x  2 , then the vertices of (H) are A(2; 0) and A´(-2; 0)
4

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5 5
The asymptotes of (H) are y  x and y   x
2 2

5 5
y   x y  x
2 2
x=4/3

2
(H)

F(-3;0) A′ 0 A x
2 F(3;0)
-2

c 3
b- c2  a2  b2  4  5  9 ; c = 3 where e  
a 2
The foci of (H) are : F(c; 0) and F´(-c; 0) So they are F (3; 0) and F´(-3; 0)
a2 4 a2 4
The directrices are the lines of equations: x   and x    
c 3 c 3
2
a 4
F (3; 0) and the associated directrix is x  
c 3
z 
3) a- z′ = (1 + i) z which gives z  then
1 i
x  iy ( x  iy)(1  i) x  y  i( y  x)
x  iy   
1 i (1  i)(1  i) 2
x  y y  x
x and y 
2 2
Replacing x and y by their values in (H) we get:
( x  y)2 ( y  x)2
  1 then x2  y2  18xy  80
16 20
The image of (H) is the curve (H′) of equation:
x 2  y 2  18xy  80

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3x  3 y  8 3x  3 y  8
b- NK = 
99 3 2
NF  ( x  3)  ( y  3) 2
1
2 2

4NF12 =9NK2 ; x 2  y 2  18xy  80 then the points N vary on the curve (H′)

NF1 3 3
c-  , then N describes the hyperbola of focus F1 , directrix (Δ) and eccentricity e   1
NK 2 2
3
Then (H′) is the hyperbola of focus F1, of directrix (Δ) and eccentricity e 
2

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