In His Name

Islamic Religion Life and Earth Name: …….…………………

Education association Sciences 11 grade “
th
”
Al Mustafa High School
Ch. 3 (act. 5) p. 58, 59
Fate of Synthesized Proteins
1. Fate of synthesized proteins depends on its function:
• Functional protein: It leaves the cell along cytoplasmic organelles. (e.g., insulin secreted
to the blood to regulate the level of glucose)
• Structural protein: It stays in the cell; most of these proteins build the membranes of
organelles and the membrane of the cell.
• Structural and functional protein: It builds the membrane of the cell and has specific
function. (e.g., Hemoglobin in RBC cells; gives the cell structure and transportation role)

Ribosomes (free and bound)

Free ribosomes:
• Located in the cytosol
• Manufacture proteins that will function in the cell

Bound ribosomes
• Located on the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Manufacture proteins that will function outside the cell.
• Also manufacture membrane proteins (proteins that will
remain on the cell membrane)

Golgi apparatus (Golgi bodies)

• The Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi body, is a cell
organelle located in the cytoplasm next to
the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus.
• It is made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches
(sacks).
Function:
After receiving crude protein products from ER:
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting,
modifying, and packaging proteins into vesicles to export
it from the cell.
Fate of synthesized proteins

1. Ribosomes assemble proteins from poly-

peptides entering rough ER.

2. Proteins move through the rough ER.

3. Transport vesicles containing the proteins

are pinched off from the rough ER.

4. Transport vesicles fuse with the membrane

of the Golgi apparatus and the proteins are
released inside.

5. Within the Golgi the proteins take their 3D

shape and mature.

6. Vesicles containing the final proteins are

pinched off from the Golgi body.

7. Vesicles travel to the cell membrane, fuse

with it, and release the protein outside
(exocytosis).