In His Name

Al-Mustafa schools- Department of supervision Biology Grade: 11th grade ( )

Name: Ch. 2 (Act. 1, 2, 3 & 4) Duration: 45 minutes

Exercise 1: (4 points)
Figure 1 Figure 2
Observe the following figures
and answer the questions:
1. Label structures 1, 2 & 3.
2. Identify a & b.
3. Put a title to figure 2.

Exercise 2: (9 points)
Coronavirus and Cell Cycle

The life of cells is under control of two mechanisms: the cell cycle, which leads to the
production of cells by their division, and apoptosis, a programmed cell death which leads to the
destruction of old or damaged cells. Coronavirus use our cella as host cells to reproduce by
using the organelles of the human cell to carry out the replication and the production of viral
proteins which leads to the stopping of cellular mechanisms.
Document 1
1. Pick out from document 1 the two mechanism that control the life of the cell.

Document 2 represents the variation of the quantity of DNA in normal and affected by covid-19
cells during its cell cycle:
Time (hours) 0 4 8 12 16 16 20
Normal cell Quantity of DNA / cell (a.u.) 7 7 12 14 14 7 7
Affected cell
by covid-19
Quantity of DNA / cell (a.u.) 7 7 12 12 12 12 12
Document 2

2. Construct two graphs showing the variation of the quantity of DNA per cells as function of
time in normal and affected cells.
3. Locate on the graph of the normal cell the phases of the cell cycle.
4. Explain the variation of the quantity of DNA in:
- 4 and 12 hours
- At 16 hours
5. “Cells infected by covid-19 enter directly into apoptosis”
5.1. Justify this statement by referring to documents 1 & 2.

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Exercise 3: (7 points)
Taylor’s Experiment
In order to study the mode of replication of DNA, Taylor cultivated young roots in a medium
containing radioactive thymidine which will be detected later in the cell by an autoradiography
technique. He added colchicine in the culture medium, which will prevent the separation of
chromosomes at the end of metaphase. The document below shows the results of this experiment.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

radioactive
thymidine
non-radioactive
thymidine

Roots cultured in Same roots are cultured, Same roots are always
medium containing after wash, in a medium with cultured in a medium with
radioactive T non- radioactive thymidine non- radioactive thymidine
1st sample: 1st metaphase 2nd sample: 2nd metaphase 3rd sample: 3rd metaphase
Observation of the
metaphasic
chromosomes in
the root cells

1. Formulate the tested hypothesis.

2. Why did Taylor add radioactive thymidine only?
3. Analyze the obtained results.
4. Deduce the mode of replication of DNA?
5. Draw out the main characteristic of DNA replication.

Good Luck

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