124 5.

Mitigation of Power S ystem Harmonics

filter elements are readily calculated and provided in Table 5.3. The filter
rated size is calculated as

L kV2
L h;h~ 1 · Qc = 9.076 MVAr
2
QFilter = X c _XL =

Ten plots for the filter impedance (magnitude and angle) are presented in
Figs. 5.10 and 5.11.

Table 5.3. Filter data- 33 kV

Qc R XL Xc Xn
# Type hn Q
(MVAr) (n) (n) (n) (n)

1 Tuned 7 100 2 0.77786 11.1122 544.5 77.7857

2 Tuned 11 100 2 0.495 4.5 544.5 49.5
3 Damped 17 5 5 64.0588 0.7536 217.8 12.8118

33 kV 3-Branch Finer 33 kV 3-Branch FiHO<

r-
140 80
60
I'"
120
. -
40 - +
. i/ 1
't=f
100 0
.; 20 I ~

Cl 80
'":a 0 . I ~~ . t 1

\
!
u .
·20

-
-<
"' 60
if -40
I .
.
40
.6Q 1 + --;
A .......
20
0
1
\
5
':J ~ __,.....-;--
9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
-80
· 100 -
1 5 9 13
'
17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
Harmonic order Harmonic order

33 kV 3-Branch Fitter ·Impedance Locus 33 kV 3-Branch FiltO< • Impedance Locus

90
60

Cl 30
xQl
u
sc
a!Ql
a:

·90
· 120 _...__,___.___.____.___,'--..__....____,___,
o 20 ~ 60 80 m rn 1W~ 1 80-
Resistance A, 0

Fig. 5.10. T hree-branch filter impedance and impedance locus

 5.7 Harmonic Filter Design 125

Branch 1 · Tuned 7 Branch 1 ·Tuned 7

600 100
;....
~t
80
500
60 - -
40
400
a .i 20
;:; 300 li"' 0 • .
200
..,i
Q.
·20 · ·r T
-4 0
~
100
..eo r-----:-'
·100
5 9 13 17 21 252933 37 41 45 49 1 5 g 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
Hannonic order Harmonic order

Branch 2 • Tuned t t Branch 2 • Tuned 11

600 100

. . - -
80
'
.
500 60
400 40
a
f. 20 ~ -

r\
..: 300 0
N

---
&.=
·20
f.- I-'-
200
-40

too ~

~~ -80 .
0 ·100 f--:--
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
Harmonic order Harmonic order

Branch 3 • 0~ 17 Branch 3 • Damped 17

80
I r I I
.
60
200 40 I--+ ~
r~
...
20
- -+_....._ . _
.;
a tso "5o
c 0 -·
N -20
100
1 -40

)- -
Q.
~ ;
50
-80
f--:-f-"'
·100
5 9 13 17 21 2S 29 33 37 41 45 49 t 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49
Hannonic order Harmonic order

Fig. 5.11. Impedance plots for the three-branch filter

5.7.3.2 Impedance Plots for a Four-Branch 20 kV Filter

The 20 kV filter of Fig. 5.12 has four series-tuned branches; 5th-tuned with
Qc = 2.4 MVAr, 7th-tuned with Qc = 1.2 MVAr, nth-tuned with Qc =
620 kVAr, and 13th-tuned with Qc = 620 kVAr. All filters have a quality
factor Q of 30. Requested is to plot the impedance for the different branches
and the filter as a whole.
The filter rating is calculated as
126 5. Mitigation of Power System Harmonics

With
kV 2 X_ Xc R= Xn
Xc=- n- hn
Qc Q'
filter elements are calculated and provided in Table 5.4. Twelve plots for the
filter impedance (magnitude and angle) are presented in Figs. 5.13 and 5.14.

5 7 II 13 20 kV

I I I I

Fig. 5.12. A 20 kV filter

---
Table 5.4. Four-branch filter data- 20 kV

Branch Type Q Qc R XL Xc
hn
(MVAr) (il) (n) (il)

1 Tuned 5 30 2.4 1.1111 6.6667 166.6667

2 Tuned 7 30 1.2 1.5873 6.8027 333.3333
3 Tuned 11 30 0.62 1.9550 5.3319 645 .1613
4 Tuned 13 30 0.62 1.6543 3.8175 645.1613

20 kV 4·Branch Filter ·Impedance Locus 20 kV 4-Branch Filter • Impedance Locus

50

a 25
xm
u
"
.
~
a:
·25
·50
·75

~ ~ ro ro ~ 1~ 1~

Resistance A, a

Fig. 5.13. Four-branch filter impedance locus

 5.7 Harmonic Fil ter Design 127

Branch 1 · Tuned 5 Branch 2 • Tuned 7

350 350

v-:
/
300 300

250 250
c: 200 c: 200

.,./ /
~ 150 ~ 150

100 100

50 50

0
1 5 g 13 11 2 1 25 29 33 37 41 •s •9 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 •9
Hannonic: ordef' Harmonic Ofder
Branch 1 · Tuned 5 Branch 2 • Tuned 7
100 700

-
80
600
60

•
40 500

f
20
0 f
l ·20
.4()
-- l 300

200

..., p
.(;0
100
·1 00 0
1 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 ., 4.S 49 1 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 411
Harmonic order Harmonic order
Branch 3 ·Tuned 11 Branch 4 · Tuned 13
700 700

-
600 600

500 500
c: .oo c:
~ 300

5 II 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 4V II 13 17 2 1
Harmonic order Hannonic order
Branch 3 ·Tuned 11 Branch 4 · Tuned 13
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40

f 20
0 f 20

l ·20
.4() l ·20
.4()

...,
.(;0 .(;0
...,~
·100 ~
· 100
1 5 9 13 17 21 252933 37 41 4S •9 1 5 II 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 ., 45 4i
Harmonic order Harmonic order
20 kV <!-Branch Finer 20 kV <!-Branch Fil1e<
140 100
120 80
60
100
40
c: 80
f 20
0

l
~ 60
.l.

-·
·20 ~

!
...,
40 .4()

20
..., __.
21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 ·100
5 9 13 17 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 211 33 37 41 45 49
Hannonic order Harmonic order

Fig. 5 .14. Fou r-br anch filter impedance as a function of frequency

128 5. Mitigation of Power System Harmonics

5.7.3.3 Impedance Plots for a Five-Branch 690 V Filter

Consider the five-branch 690 V filter of Fig.5.15. Filter data is provided in

Table 5.5. Requested is to calculate its rated size and plot its impedance.
Filter elements in Table 5.5 can be readily calculated knowing

kV 2
Xc=-
Qc
Xc
XL= h2
n

Xn = Xc = hn XL= JxL Xc
hn
Xn
for a series-tuned filter
R= { Q
Xn · Q for a damped filter.

Filter rating is calculated as

kV 2
QFilter = L Xc _XL = L h2
h~ ~ 1 · Qc = 2.032 MVAr.

Impedance plots are provided in Figs. 5.16 and 5.17.

5"' 7"' II"' 13"' > 17

I I I I I

II II0
Fig. 5.15. Five-branch filter configuration

Table 5.5. Five-branch filter data - 690 V

Qc R XL Xc Xn
# Type hn Q
(MVAr) (il) (il) (il) (.a)

1 Tuned 5 100 0.4 0.00238 0.04761 1.19025 0.23805

2 'I\med 7 100 0.4 0.00170 0.02429 1.19025 0.17004
3 Tuned 11 100 0.4 0.00108 0.00984 1.19025 0.10820
4 Tuned 13 100 0.4 0.00092 0.00704 1.19025 0.09156
5 Damped 17 5 0.4 0.35007 0.00412 1.19025 0.07001