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Topic 1 - Thì
Topic 1 - Thì
TENSES
(Các thì trong Tiếng Anh)
PART 1. GRAMMAR
I. Present tenses (Nhóm các thì hiện tại)
* Thói quen hoạt động thường * To be * always, usually, often,
xuyên xảy ra. (+) S + am/is/are … occasionally, sometimes,
Present * Quy luật, chân lý, sự thật. (-) S + am/is/are + not … seldom, never, …
simple * Lịch trình, thời gian biểu. (?) Am/Is/Are + S + …? * every + day, week,
(Hiện tại * Suy nghĩ, tình cảm, tư tưởng. month, year, …
đơn) * Verb * once, twice, three times,
(+) S + V(es/s) … … + a week/month/year
(-) S + don’t/doesn’t + V
…
(?) Do/Does + S + V …?
Examples:
1. I always get up early in the morning.
2. Linda is a doctor. She works in a hospital.
3. The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
4. The buses leave at 5 o’clock everyday.
5. I don’t like playing football.
* Hành động xảy ra tại thời (+) S + am/is/are + Ving * now, at the moment, at
điểm nói/xung quanh thời … present, right now, at this
Present điểm nói. (-) S + am/is/are + not + time, …
continuou * Hành động chắc chắn sẽ xảy Ving … * Listen!, Be quiet!,
s ra trong tương lai, có kế (?) Am/Is/Are + S + Look!, …
(Hiện tại hoạch. Ving? * Always (phàn nàn)
tiếp diễn) * Hành động trái với lệ
thường.
* Phàn nàn.
* Sự thay đổi, biến đổi
Examples:
1. Peter isn’t listening to music at the moment. He is doing his homework now.
2. The students are visiting Ha Long Bay next week as scheduled.
3. I go to school by bike everyday, but today I’m going by bus.
4. The boys are always talking too much in class.
5. It is getting colder and colder.
* Hành động bắt đầu trong quá (+) S + has/have + P2 … * for + khoảng thời gian
khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại, có (-) S + hasn’t/haven’t + P2 * since + mốc thời gian/
Present kết quả ở hiện tại. …… S + Ved …
perfect * Hành động xảy ra không rõ (?) Has/Have + S + P2 …? * just, recently, lately, up
(Hiện tại thời điểm. to now, until now, so far,
hoàn * Hành động đã từng xảy already, …
thành) ra/chưa từng xảy ra. * yet
* Hành động vẫn chưa xảy ra. * never … before, ever,
* Hành đồng đã xảy ra bao …
nhiêu lần tính đến hiện tại. * How long …?
Examples:
1. I have stayed in Hanoi for 5 days.
2. My mother has just gone to the supermarket.
3. We have never eaten Chinese food before.
4. Linda hasn’t finished this book yet.
5. Up to now, I’ve traveled to Thailand several times.
* Hành động bắt đầu trong (+) S + has/have + been + * for + khoảng thời gian
quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến Ving … * since + mốc thời gian/
Present hiện tại, đang xảy ra ở hiện tại (-) S + hasn’t/haven’t + S + Ved …
perfect và có thể tiếp tục ở tương lai, been + Ving … … * all + thời gian: all day,
continuou hoặc chỉ vừa mới kết thúc. (?) Has/Have + S + been + all morning, …
s (nhấn mạnh quá trình diễn ra Ving …?
(Hiện tại hành động)
hoàn thành * Hành động diễn ra liên tục
trong một khoảng thời gian
tiếp diễn) mà không bị ngắt quãng.
Examples:
1. I have been learning English since 2010.
2. The ground is wet. It has been raining.
3. My sister has been cooking all morning.
* Hành động xảy ra tại một (+) S + was/were + Ving * at + thời gian trong
thời điểm xác định trong … quá khứ
quá khứ (-) S + was/were + not + * this time
Ving … yesterday/last …
(?) Was/Were + S +
Ving?
Past * Hai hành động song song * While + S1 + was/were + Ving …, S2 + was/were
continouos cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ + Ving …
(Qúa khứ tiếp
diễn)
* Một hành động đang xảy * When + S1 + V(past) …, S2 + was/were + Ving
ra thì một hành động khác
xen vào * While + S1 + was/were + Ving …, S2 + V(past)
Examples:
1. The kids weren’t watching TV at 8 p.m last night. They were playing games.
2. While my mother was preparing dinner, my father was watering the flowers.
3. When Peter phoned, I was having a bath.
= While I was having a bath, Peter phoned.
Past perfect * Hành động xảy ra và hoàn (+) S + had + P2 … * by the time, when
(Qúa khứ hoàn thành trước một hành động (-) S + had not + P2 … * before, after
thành) khác trong quá khứ (?) Had + S + P2? * as soon as
Examples:
1. I offered Jack to eat but he had already had lunch.
2. By the time she arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off.
Past perfect * Hành động diễn ra liên tục (+) S + had + been + * for … before/after
continuous tới một thời điểm xác định P2 … * by the time, when
(Qúa khứ hoàn trong quá khứ (-) S + had not + been
thành tiếp diễn) + P2 …
(?) Had + S + been +
P2?
Examples:
1. When I got home, my mother had been cooking dinner.
2. They had been living in Vietnam for 5 years before they moved to America.
KIẾN THỨC BỔ TRỢ 1:
Một số cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng thì Quá khứ đơn và Hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is + thời gian + since + last + Vpast
= The last time + S + Vpast + was + thời gian + ago
= S + last + Vpast + thời gian + ago
= S + haven’t/hasn’t + P2 + for /since + thời gian
Examples:
- It is 4 years since I last went to Japan.
= The last time I went to Japan was 4 years ago.
= I last went to Japan 4 years ago.
= I haven’t gone to Japan for 4 years.
S + started/ began + Ving/ to V + thời gian + ago
= S + have/ has + P2 + for/ since + thời gian
Examples:
- David started working here last year.
= David has worked here since last year.
S + have/ has + never + P2 + before
= S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P2 + before
= This is the first time + S + have/ has + P2
Examples:
- We have never played golf before.
= We haven’t played golf before.
= This is the first time we have played golf.
This / S + is + so sánh nhất + N + S + have/ has + ever + P2
= S + have/ has + never + P2 + such (a/an) + N(s) + like this/ as S + (before)
Examples:
- This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.
= I have never read such an interesting novel like this before.
When + did + S + V?
= How long is it since + S + Vpast ?
Examples:
- When did you buy this car?
= How long is it since you bought this car?
III. Future tenses (Nhóm các thì tương lai)
Future * Quyết định nảy sinh lúc nói, (+) S + will/shall + V … * soon, in the future
simple không có kế hoạch, dự định. (will dùng cho I, shall * next week/month/year
(Tương * Dự đoán không có cơ sở. dùng cho We) * tomorrow, tonight
lai đơn) * Suy nghĩ, lời hứa, hi vọng (-) S + will/shall + not + V
…
(?) Will/Shall + S + V …?
Examples:
1. You look so hungry. I’ll get some cupcakes for you.
2. I think it won’t rain tomorrow.
3. I hope they will accept my offer.
Near * Dự định cho trương lại đã (+) S + be going to + V … * soon, in the future
future được sắp xếp, lên kế hoạch từ (be: am/is/are) * next week/month/year
(Tương trước. (-) S + be going not to + V * tomorrow, tonight
lai gần) * Dự đoán có cơ sở. … * Be careful! Look!
(?) Be + S + going to + V
…?
Examples:
1. Jose has bought a new dress. She is going to have a party tonight.
2. Look at these dark clouds! It is going to rain soon.
Future * Hành động đang diễn ra tại (+) S + will be + Ving … * at this time/at this
continuou một thời điểm xác định trong (-) S + will not be + Ving moment + thời gian
s tương lai. … tương lai
(Tương lai * Hành động sẽ diễn ra và kéo (?) Will + S + be + Ving * at + giờ cụ thể + thời
tiếp diễn) dài liên tục suốt mộ khoảng …? gian tương lai.
thời gian ở tương lai.
Examples:
1. Henry will be waiting for you at 8 o’clock tomorrow.
2. At this time next week, I’ll be lying on the beach.
Future * Hành động hoàn thành trước (+) S + will have + P2 … * by the time …
perfect một thời điểm hoặc một hành (-) S + will not have + P2 * by the end of this
(Tương dộng trong tương lai. … week/month/year
lai hoàn (?) Will + S + have + P2 * by + thời gian trong
thành) …? tương lai.
* Before + thời gian
trong tương lai.
Examples:
1. They will have got married by the end of July.
2. My father won’t have arrived home before 6 o’clock.
Future * Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo (+) S + will have been + * by then
Perfect dài liên tục tới thời điểm nào Ving … * by this October
continuou đó ở tương lai. (-) S + S + will not have * by then end of this
s (nhấn mạng quá trình dễn ra) been + Ving … week/month/year
(Tương lai (?) Will + S + have + * by the time
hoàn thành been + Ving …?
tiếp diễn)
Examples:
1. By this September, she will have been living here for 10 years.
2. I will have been studying English for 10 years by the time I graduate.
KIẾN THỨC BỔ TRỢ 2:
SỰ KẾT HỢP GIỮA CÁC THÌ
Future simple + until / when / as soon as + Present simple
We will wait here until Linda comes back.
Future simple + after + Present perfect
My father will go home after he has finished her work.
While + Past continuous, Past simple = Past continuous + when + Past simple
While he was going to school, he met his friend.
= He was going to school when he met his friend.
Past continuous + while + Past continuous
I was doing my homework while my brother was playing games.
Present perfect + since + Past simple
I have worked here since I graduated.
Future perfect + by / by the time + Present simple
He will have finished his work by the time you arrive.
Past perfect + by the time / before/ when + Past simple
= Past simple + after + Past perfect
He had finished his work by the time/before you arrived.
= You arrived after he had finished his work.
5. Ann and Susan have known each other during they were at school.
A B C D
6. She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now.
A B C D
7. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner.
A B C D
8. It’s the first time I saw this film.
A B C D
9. After he graduates from university, he joined the army.
A B C D
10. Up to now, there have been no woman being chosen the US president.
A B C D