REVISION FOR GRADE 9 a.

Form
I. TESES OF VERBS TOBE ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG
 The simple present (Thì hiện tại đơn) (+) S + was/were… (+) S + V (PI/ed)…
a. Form (-) S + was/were + not… (-) S + didn’t + V(nguyên)…
TOBE ORDINARY VERB (?) Was/Were + S + …? (?) Did + S + V(nguyên)…?
(+) S + am/is/are… (+) S + V (s/es)…
(-) S + am/is/are + not… (-) S + don’t/doesn’t + V(nguyên)… b. Use
(?) Is/Are + S + …? (?) Do/Does + S + V(nguyên)…? Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt trong thời gian QK rỏ
rệt. Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: yesterday, last week, last month, last
b. Use year, ago (cách đây)
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc một sự thật  Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
hiển nhiên, một sự việc sẽ xãy ra trong tương lai mà đã được lên lịch (lịch a. Form
công tác, lịch tàu xe, lịch thi đấu). Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: always, S + was/were + Ving
usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every.. b. Use
➢ Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định
 The present continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) trong quá khứ.
a. Form Ex: What were you doing at 7 o’clock last night?
(+) S + is/ am/ are + V ing …….. ➢ Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì bị cắt ngang bởi một hành động
(- ) S + isn’t / am not /aren’t + Ving …… . khác trong quá khứ. (Hành động đang xảy ra: ta chia thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
(?) (Wh) + is/ am / are + S +Ving …... ? còn hành động cắt ngang ta chia thì quá khứ đơn)
b.Use Ex: The family was sleeping when the mailman came. (While the
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm nói, diễn tả một sự family was sleeping, the mailman came.)
thay đổi dang xảy ra xung quanh thời điểm nói, diễn tả một hành động được ➢ Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra song song trong quá khứ.
lên kế hoạch từ trước cho tương lai. Ex: My father was watching TV while my older brothers were
3. Notes playing video games.
• Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: now, at present, at the moment, at this  The simple future/ The near future tense
time hoặc các động từ: look, listen đứng ở đầu câu. a. Form
1. John is eating dinner now. WILL / SHALL BE GIONG TO
2. The committee members are examining the material at present. (+) S + will/shall + V (nguyên)… (+) S + be going to + V (nguyên)…
3. We are leaving for the theater at seven o'clock. (-) S + will/shall + not + V (nguyên)… (-) S + be going to + not + V (nguyên)…
4. Henry is walking to school tomorrow. (?) Will/Shall + S + V (nguyên)…? (?)Be going to + S + V (nguyên)…?
• Những động từ liệt kê trong bảng ở dưới đây không được dùng ở thì hiện
tại tiếp diễn mặc dù có thể trong một số trường hợp, vì thế ta dùng hiện
tại đơn để thay thế. a. Form
Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. ( Thì tương lai đơn
know believe hear see smell wish hành động thường xảy ra mang tính bột phát còn Thì tương lai gần thường có
understand hate love like want sound dự định từ trước). Trong tiếng Anh cũ “shall” thường dung với ngôi “I, we”
have need appear seem taste own 3. Chú ý:
Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: tomorrow, tonight, next …
 The simple past (Thì quá khứ đơn) Ex: My family will build the house next year.
 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành Ex2:George had waited for one hour before the bus came
a. Form Ex3: When I arrived at the station yesterday, the train had left
Ex4:Doris hadn’t finished her homework by the time she went to bed.
(+) S + have/has+ V3/ed II. SENTENCE STRUCTURE WITH WISH AND IF ONLY
(-) S + have/has + not + V3/ed (giá mà, ước gì)
(?) Have/Has + S + V3/ed? 1. For present actions:

b.Use: Thì HTHT dùng để diễn tả: V2/ed

➢ Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời điểm. S + wish + S + unreal past Be: were
Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t. If only + S didn’t +bare inf
➢ Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, còn kéo dài đến hiện tại. Can  could
Ex: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998. Ex1: I wish I had a longer vacation.
➢ Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra. Ex2: I wish today were Sunday.
Ex: I have just finished my homework. Ex3: I can’t speak English well.  I wish/ If only I could speak English well.
➢ Trong cấu trúc: 2. For future actions
Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris. S + wish + S + would/ could + bare inf
Be + the ss nhất + N + S + have/has + V3/ed If only + S were going to
She is the most honest person I have ever met.
Present perfect + since + past simple Ex1: We are going to do a test tomorrow.
Ex: I haven’t met him again since we left school ten years ago.  We wish / If only we weren’t going to do a test tomorrow.
Các trạng từ thường dùng với thì HTHT: Ex2: Lan won’t come to my party tonight.
just (vừa mới), recently/lately (gần đây), ever (đã từng), never (chưa bao  I wish/ If only Lan would come to my party tonight.
giờ), yet (chưa), already (rồi), since (từ khi – mốc thời gian), for (khoảng), so 3. For past actions
far/until now/up to now/up to the present (cho đến bây giờ)
S + wish + S + had + V3/ed
 Thì quá khứ hoàn thành If only + S could have + V3/ed
a. Form
III. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE:
(+) S + had + V3/ed 1. Real condition at present or in the future (ĐK có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
(-) S + had + not + V3/ed hoặc tương lai)
(?) Had + S + V3/ed?
If clause Main clause
b.Use: present simple will
➢ Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá can + bare infinitive
khứ. should
Ex: He had gone to bed before 10 o’clock last night. must
➢ Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong have to
quá khứ. (hành động nào xảy ra trước ta dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, ought to
còn hành động nào xảy ra sau ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn.) may
Ex1: After John had washed his clothes, he began to study. Present simple: chỉ một sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex1: If you leave the money here, someone will steal it. 2. Were you taller, you could reach the light.
Ex2: If you do not hurry, you may miss the train. 3. Were I to have lots of money, I would buy a new house
Ex3: You will have a stomachache if you eat a lot of green fruit. Một lần nữa if được bỏ đi. Lần này were hoán chuyển vị trí với chủ ngữ you.
2. Unreal condition at present or in the future (ĐK không có thật ở hiện tại Loại 3: had
hoặc tương lai) 1. If I had agreed, Jim would have married me.
If clause Main clause 2. Had I agreed, Jim would have married me.
S + V2/ed- to be: were S + would + bare infinitive Chú ý rằng trong ví dụ thứ 2, if được bỏ đi, và had được hoán chuyển vị trí
could với chủ ngữ I.
should Trong cả 3 loại này, nghĩa không thay đổi đáng kể. Tuy nhiên, hoán vị được
might xem là tương đối trịnh trọng.
Ex1: If you saw a UFO, what would you do? Unless, có nghĩa tương tự như if… not, cũng có thể được dùng trong mệnh
Ex2: If I were rich, I would spend all my time traveling. đề điều kiện. Hai câu sau có nghĩa tương tự:
Ex3: The students would understand the teacher clearly if he explain the 1. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the lake.
lesson again. = Unless it rains, we’ll go to the lake.
3. Unreal condition in the past
If clause Main clause IV. PASSIVE VOICE (be + V3/ed)
S + had + P.P (V3/ed) S + would + have + P.P 1. The present simple tense 1. The present simple passive
(V3/ed) S + bare inf/ V-s/es Am/ is/ are + V3/ed
could 2. The past simple tense 2. The past simple passive
should S + V2/ed Was/ were + V3/ed
might 3. The present continuous tense 3. The present continuous passive
Ex1: I didn’t know that you were in hospital. S + am/ is/ are + Ving Am/is/are + being + V3/ed
 If I had known that you were in hospital, I would have come to see you. 4. The past continuous tense 4. The past continuous passive
S + was/ were + Ving Was/were + being + V3/ed
Ex2: Tom didn’t study carefully. He failed the exam.
5. The present perfect tense 5. The present perfect passive
If Tom had studied more carefully, He could have passed the exam.
S + have / has + pp (V3/ed) Have/ has + been + V3/ed
4. Mixed conditions
6. The past perfect tense 6. The past perfect passive
If clause Main clause S + had + pp (V3/ed) Had + been + V3/ed
S + had + P.P (V3/ed) S + would + bare infinitive 7. Modal verbs: 7. Passive voice of modal verbs:
could ( can, could, will, would, shall, should, Modal verb + be + V3/ed
might may, might, must, ought to, used to, be
 to express past actions that affect present results. going to…)
Ex: Mary ate a lot of ice – cream an hour ago. Now she feels sick. S + Modal verb + bare infinitive
If Mary hadn’t eaten so much ice –cream, she wouldn’t feels sick The present simple passive
Chú ý các trường hợp đặc biệt sau.
Loại 1: Should
S +V+ O
1. If you should get me a letter from Greece, give me a call.
2. Should you get me a letter from Greece, give me a call.
Chú ý rằng trong ví dụ thứ 2, if được bỏ đi, should và chủ ngữ you hoán đổi
S+ am/is/are +V3/ed+by+O
vị trí. Ex3: He gives me 2000 dong every day.
 I am given 2000 dong every day.
Loại 2: were
Ex2: Mr Nam takes Lan to school on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
1. If you were taller, you could reach the light.
 Lan is taken to school by Mr Nam on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Ex3: The teacher corrects our exercises. Have to/ must →had to
 Our exercises are corrected by the teacher. Should →Should
❖ Notes Would → Would
- Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là các Đại từ nhân xưng (I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, Could → Could
YOU, THEY), các đại từ bát định(... hoặc SOMEONE, ) và PEOPLE…khi đổi Used to → Used to
sang câu bị động có thể bỏ BY ME, BY HIM,.... BY PEOPLE… Ought to →Ought to
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian sẽ theo sau by + agent Ex: They said “we did it yesterday”
Ex1: My grandfather built this house in 1995 → They said that they had done it the day before.
 This house was built by my grandfather in 1995 ▪ “ Say’ is used in most cases
Ex2: We were woken up by a loud noise during the night. ▪ Say to someone → tell someone
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn sẽ đứng trước by + agent Ex: He said to me “ This color doesn’t go with your coat.”
→ He told me that the color didn’t go with my coat.
Ex: A new bridge hasn’t been built near my house by those building workers.
DIRECT INDIRECT
Ex: My father made me do that work. I was made to do that work by my Now →then
father. Here →there
V. CAUSATIVE FORM Today →that day
1. ACTIVE 2. PASSIVE Ago →before
Yesterday →the day before/ the previous day
Have S.O do (bare inf) Sth Have Sth done (V3/ed) Tomorrow →the next day/ the following day/ the day after
Get S.O to do (to inf) Sth
Get Next week →the following week
(Nhờ/ bảo ai làm cái gì) Last week →the previous week/ the week before
The day before yesterday→ two days before
Ex1: Mary had John wash the car. Ex1: Mary had the car washed. The day after tomorrow → in two days’ time
Ex2: Mary got John to wash the car. Ex2: Mary got the car washed. 2. Question
Ex3: She has had him clean her shoes. Ex3: She has had her shoes cleaned. ➢ Say → ask
Ex4: They had someone take their suitcases Ex4: They had their suitcases taken ➢ Wh- question ( when, where, why, who, what, which, how …)
upstairs. upstairs. S + V + O + WH- + S + V
Ex: He said to me “where are you from?”→ He asked me where I was from.
➢ Yes – No question
VI. REPORTED SPEECH S + V + O + IF / WHETHER + S + V
1. Statement Ex: “Are you a new student?” I asked him.→ I asked him if he was a new student.
Sequence of tenses : 3. Command
When the introducing verb is in the past simple tense, there are some changes in ➢ Say → tell Say → ask, beg (more polite)
tenses, time and place words (từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm) ➢ positive command
DIRECT INDIRECT Tell + pro ( noun) + to infinitive
1. Present simple → past simple Ex1: I said to Nam “Hurry up !” → I told Nam to hurry up.
2. past simple → past perfect /past simple Ex2: He said to me “go away” → He told me to go away.
3. Present perfect → Past perfect Ex3: He said to his father “please, give me money”
4. Present progressive → past progressive → He begged his father to give him money.
5. Future simple (will) → future in the past (would) ➢ Negative command
6. past progressive → past perfect progressive Tell + pro (noun) + not + to inf
7. present perfect progressive → past perfect progressive Ex1: He said to me “Don’t go away !” → He told me not to go away.
8. past perfect → không đổi Ex2: “Don’t believe everything you hear !” → He warned me not to believe
9. Can → could everything I heard.
May →might VII. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND RELATIVE ADVERBS
1 Relative pronouns:
For things For people possession
subject Which Who Whose(+noun)
that that
object Which/ that Who /Whom Whose(+noun)
that /of which
Ex1: The man is angry. He is in this room.
→The man who is in this room is angry.
Ex2: The old man has died. You are talking about him.
.→ The old man whom you are talking about has died.
Ex3: The bicycle is mine. It has a wheel.
→The bicycle which has a wheel is mine.
Ex4: This is the book. I bought it at the bookstore.
→ This is the book which I bought at the bookstore
Ex5: That’s the woman. Her dog bit me.
→ That is the woman whose dog bit me
❖ Uses of that:
a) Khi danh từ di trước vừa chỉ người vừa chỉ vật.
ex: The clowns and the performing animals that they saw on the pier were
from Brighton.
b) Sau tính từ so sánh nhất và số thứ tự.
ex1: She is the ugliest girl that I’ve seen.
Ex2: This is the first student that came this morning.
c) Sau các chữ: all, nothing, anything, nobody, much, little, the only, the
very, few, those…
ex1: I haven’t seen anyone that is as lovely as she.
Ex2: She gave them all money that she found in her pocket.
❖ Types of relative clauses
a. Defining relative clauses ( Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
Ex1: Do you know the name of the boy who helped us yesterday?
Ex2: The book which you lent me was very interesting.
Ex3: The bear that is kept in this truck is from Africa.
b. Non-defining relative clauses: ( Mệnh đề quan hệ ko xác định)
➢ Mệnh đề quan hệ ko xác định được dùng trong những trường hợp sau:
danh từ riêng; tính từ sở hữu +danh từ; tính từ chỉ định (this, that,
these, those) +danh từ
➢ Mệnh đề quan hệ ko xác định được giữa 2 dấu phẩy hoặc sau 1 dấu phẩy
Ex1: My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor.
Ex2: Viet Nam, which is in South-East Asia, exports rice.
Ex3: I don’t want to read this book, which is very boring.
Notes:
- Không dùng đại từ quan hệ THAT trong mênh đề quan hệ không xác
định (non-defining clauses).
- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định(defining clauses), các đại từ quan hệ
WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THATcó thể bỏ đi khi chúng làm tân ngữ
(object). Nhưng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định , không bỏ
các đại từ quan hệ.
c. Connective relative clauses ( Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp)
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính đứng trước. Chỉ đại từ Which được
dùng và có 1 dấu phẩy để tách 2 mệnh đề.
Ex1: Tom failed the exam. That made his parents disappointed.
 Tom failed the exam, which made his parents disappointed.
Ex2: It rained heavily, which prevented my going out.
➢ Cấu trúc mở đầu mệnh đề quan hệ với
all, most, none, either, neither which (cho vật)
some, (a) few, both, each, one, several + of
none, many, much, half whom (cho người)
Ex: I tried on several pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
Ex2: I have two sisters, both of whom are teachers.
Ex3: Both her sons work abroad. But they ring her up every week.
 Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.
2. Relative adverbs: WHEN, WHERE, WHY
When: Dùng để thay thế cho nhóm từ chỉ thới gian.
Where: Dùng để thay thế cho nhóm từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Why: chỉ lý do
Ex1: I’ll never forget the day. I met you on that day.
→ I’ll never forget the day when/ on which I met you.
Ex2: Dong Nai is the province. I was born and grew up there.
→ Dong Nai is the province where I was born and grew up.
Ex3: The building is very old. He lives in that building.
→ The building where/ in which he lives is very old.
Ex4: Tell me the reason why you came home late.
VIII. TAG QUESTIONS
1. FORM:
Positive statement , negative question tag
Ex1: Helen can speak English very well, can’t she?
Ex2: My mother is very beautiful, isn’t she?
Ex3: Hoa makes the questions, doesn’t she?
Negative statement , positive question tag
Ex1: They won’t answer the questions, will they? Ex1: She isn't old enough to get married.
Ex2: Nam didn’t agree with you, did he? Ex2: This exercise is easy enough for me to do in 10 minutes.
Ex3: My father went to the cinema, didn’t he? Ex3: Peter isn’t tired. He can’t sleep right away.
2. SPECIAL CASES ( Trường hợp đặc biệt):  Peter isn’t tired enough to sleep right away.
a. Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ Aren’t I ” . Ex4: This bed is not wide. Two people can’t sleep in this bed.
Ex: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I?  This bed is not wide enough for two people to sleep in.
b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):
•. Imperatives:
ENOUGH + NOUN + ( FOR + O) + TO INF
+ Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” và diễn tả lời mời:
Ex: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi)
Ex1: I haven't got enough courage to do that.
+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” và diễn tả lời yêu cầu . Ex2: I bought enough food for them to use in a week.
Ex: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa) Ex3 : She doesn’t have much time. She can’t help you.
•. Requests:  She doesn’t have enough time to help you
Ex: Please keep silient, will you? (Vui lòng giữ im lặng) 3. So … that, such … that: ( quá … đến nỗi mà)
Please don’t make noise, will you? ( Xin vui lòng đừng làm ồn)
c. Phần đuôi của câu với “ Let’s + V ...” : là “Shall we ?” SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT
Ex: Let’s go swimming, shall we? (Chúng ta đi bơi nhé) Ex1: She sings so beautifully that everyone likes to listen to her.
d. Nothing, được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi: Ex2: The weather is so nice that we want to go out.
Ex : Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ? Ex3: She is very kind . Everybody loves her.
e. No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone  She is so kind that Everybody loves her.
được thay thế bằng “They”
Ex4: He ran too fast for anyone to catch.
Ex: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they?
Notes:  He ran so fast that nobody could catch him.
 Nothing, Nobody được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải
ở dạng thức xác định. A/AN + ADJ + SINGULAR NOUN
Ex: Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? SUCH + PLURAL NOUN
 This/ That được thay thế là “It”. ADJ + + THAT
Ex: This won’t take long, will it? UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
 These/ Those được thay thế là “They”.
Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they? Ex1: They are excellent students. I have to admire them.
IX. TOO…TO, ENOUGH, SO … THAT, SUCH… THAT  They are such excellent students that I have to admire.
1. Too… to (quá … không thể) Ex2: The weather is so nice that we want to go out.
It is such nice weather that we want to go out.
TOO + ADJ /ADV+ (FOR + O)+ TO INF s + v + so many/few + plu. count N + that – clause
so much/ little + sing. uncount N
Ex1: Nam is too short to play basketball.
Ex2: The water is too hot for me to drink.
Ex1 : He has so many books that he can’t read all of them.
Ex3: I'm too tired. I can't go with you.
Ex2 : There was so much noise that I couldn’t sleep.
 I’m too tired to go with you
 There was such a lot of noise that I couldn’t sleep.
Ex4: He spoke very quickly. We can’t understand him.
X. -ING AND –ED ADJECTIVES
 He spoke too quickly for us to understand.
Trong Tiếng Anh có một số adjectives được thành lập bằng cách lấy nguyên
2. Enough: khá/ đủ
2 hình thức:
ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + ( FOR + O) + TO INF
- Present participle: V-ing
 - Past participle: V-ed XII. CONJUNCTIONS ( Liên từ)
Verb -ING form(active) -ED form (passive) 1 Although/ though/ even though / Much as ( Mặc dù) + clause ( Mệnh
Bore Boring Bored đề)
Interest Interesting Interested Ex: Although / though / even though he was tired, he tried to finish his work.
Worry Worrying Worried = He tried to finish work although/ though/ even though he was tired. ( Mặc
Frighten Frightening Frightened dù anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong việc)
Amuse Amusing Amused Note:
Terrify Terrifying Terrified Despite / In spite of + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / VERB PHRASE (V-ing)
Excite Exciting Excited <=> Although / Though/ Even though / Despite the fact that / In
Embarrass Embarrassing Embarrassed spite of the fact that + CLAUSE ( S + V + COMPLEMENT )
Surprise Surprising Surprised Ex1: Despite/ In spite of being tired, he tried to finish his work. (Mặc dù
anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong việc)
Ex2: Despite/ In spite of the bad weather, we still set off. ( Mặc dù thời tiết
V-ing: mang ý nghĩa chủ động, nói lên tính chất của 1 người hay 1 sự việc. xấu nhưng chúng tôi vẫn khởi hành)
(thường dùng cho vật) - Although his leg was broken, he managed to get home before night.( Mặc
V-ed: mang ý nghĩa bị động, nói lên tâm trạng của 1 người hay 1 sự việc khi dù chân đau nhưng anh ấy vẫn về nhà trước khi trời tối)
chịu tác động từ bên ngoài. (thường dùng cho người) = Despite/ In spite of his broken leg, he ...................
Ex1: It is an interesting book. I'm interested in it. = Despite/ In spite of his leg being broken, he ..........
Ex2: The match was very exciting. He was so excited that he threw his hat in = Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he ...........
the air. In spite of
Ex3: It was an (exciting/excited) football match. All the fans felt Ex3 : Though she is poor, she still goes to school.
(exciting/excited) when they saw the goals. => In spite of her poverty, she still goes to school.
XI. PARTICIPLE PHRASE (Ngữ phân từ) Ex4 : Even though he has physical handicap, he has become a successful
1. Present participle phrase: (ngữ hiện tại phân từ) businessman.
Present participle (V-ing) được dùng trong ngữ hiện tại phân từ khi ta lược  Despite having physical handicap, he has become a successful
giản 1 mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ động) businessman.
Ex1: The man who wears that silly hat is my uncle. 2. Because/ As / Since + clause ( Bởi vì)
The man wearing that silly hat is my uncle Ex1: Because / As/ Since she was tired she went to bed early.( Bởi vì mệt
Pre. part phrase cho nên cô đi ngủ sớm)
Ex2: The boy who is running down the street is my brother. = She went to bed early for she was tired.
The boy running down the street is my brother. * Note : Because of + nouns / V-ing
Pre. part phrase Ex: We had to stay at home because it was raining.( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì
2. Past participle phrase: (ngữ quá khứ phân từ) trời đang mưa)
Past participle (V3/ed) được dùng trong ngữ quá khứ phân từ khi ta lược  Because of the rain, we had to stay at home. ( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời
giản 1 mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động) mưa)
Ex1: The Browns lived in the house which was built of old pink brick. Ex2: Because I felt tired, I went to bed early.
The Browns lived in the house built of old pink brick.  Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early
Past participle phrase 3/ So that + clause ( Để ...)
Ex2: The book which was bought last week is an English dictionary.
The book bought last week is an English dictionary. S +V+ so that/ in order that + S +can/could/ will/ would +bare inf
Past part. phrase
Ex1: We drove slowly so that he could follow us.
Ex2: I speak slowly so that they can understand. ( Tôi nói chậm để họ hiểu)
4/ In order to/ So as to ( Để làm gì ..)
In order / So as to + bare inf ( Để làm gì )
# in order not to/ so as not to + bare inf ( Để không làm gì)
Ex1: I wrote a letter to my mother so as to / in order to inform her of my
new job.
( Tôi viết thư cho mẹ để thông báo về công việc mới của tôi)
Ex2: I walked in quietly in order / so as not to wake the children up. (Tôi đi
khẽ vào để không đánh thức lũ trẻ)
Note: In order for sb to do sth ( Để cho ai làm gì)
Ex3: I speak slowly so that they can understand.
 I speak slowly in order for them to understand.( Tôi nói chậm để họ
hiểu)
Ex4: They set off early so that they could reach the village before night.
→ They set off in order to reach the village before night.
Ex5: I worked hard. I wanted to pass the test
→ I worked hard so as to pass the test.
Ex6: I always get up early. I don’t want to go to work late.
→: I always get up early in order not to go to work late.
5. Furthermore, besides, moreover, what's more ( Ngoài ra)
Ex : - The coat is soft. Besides, it is warm.
Moreover,
Furthermore,
What's more,
6. But (nhưng), however, nevertheless (tuy nhiên)
Ex1 : He is rich but mean. ( Anh ta giàu có nhưng keo kiệt)
Ex2 : He is from Brazil but he can't play football.
Ex3 : They hadn't trained hard; however/ nevertheless, they won.
7. Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngược lại)
Ex : - Mr Pike is very generous while / whereas his wife is very mean.
8. so, therefore, consequently ( Do đó , cho nên, vì thế )
Ex1: It started to rain, so we went home.
Ex2: He came back late; therefore, his father got angry.
9. And ( Và )
Ex1: I play football and tennis.
Ex2: I want you to buy that house and move there.
10. Not only ... but also ...( Không những mà còn)
* Dùng với động từ : - They not only lent me their car but also offered me a
meal.
( Họ không những cho tôi mượn xe mà còn mời tôi ăn)
* Dùng với danh từ : - Mike plays not only football but also tennis.
*Dùng với trạng từ : - She writes not only correctly but also neatly.
*Dùng vớicụm giới từ : - The Beatles are famous not only in their country but
also in other countries.
*Dùng với tính từ: - He's not only intelligent but also handsome
11. As well as ( Cũng như)
* Đi với danh từ : - The teacher, as well as his students, is going to the
concert.
( Thầy giáo cùng với học sinh đi nghe hòa nhạc)
- My children, as well as my neighbour, are going to the stadium this
afternoon.
 Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng trước.
*Đi với V-ing : - She works in a company as well as writing books for
children.
( Cô ấy làm việc cho một công ty đồng thời còn viết sách cho trẻ em)
* Đi với tính từ : - He's not only intelligent but also handsome = He's
intelligent as well as handsome.
12. Both .....and...
*Đi với tính từ
Eg : - He's both intelligent and handsome.
*Đi với danh từ
Eg : - Both Nam and Hoa want to go the theatre.( Cả Nam và Hoa đều muốn
đi xem hát)
13. Either ... or ...( Hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia)
* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ
- You can take either this hat or that one.( Cậu có thể lấy cái mũ này hoặc cái
kia)
* Dùng với mệnh đề
- Either you apologise or I'll say good bye to you.( Hoặc là anh xin lỗi hoặc là
tôi phải nói lời chia tay)
* Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ
- Either John or his friends have to go. → Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng
sau.
14. Neither ... nor ....( Không cái này và cũng không cái kia)
* Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ
- Neither John nor Mary is going to class today.
- Neither John nor his cousins are going to ........
 Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau.
* Dùng với động từ Correct : This house is not as large as that one.
- She can't read and she can't write either. = She can neither read nor write. C. Superlative:
* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ 1.Short adj: The + adj +est + noun
- She can speak neither English nor French.
XIII. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES/ ADVERBS Ex1: This is the shortest person in my class.
A Comparison of equality: Ex2: Winter is the coldest season in the year.
1. Affirmative and interrogative: 2.Long adj:
The most + adj + noun
as + adj/ adv+ as Ex1: Jenny is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
Ex2: It is the most difficult exercise.
Ex1: He is as tall as I (am) IV. Exception
Ex2: She’s as intelligent as her father. ADJ/ ADV COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Ex3: She speaks English as well as her sister. Good/ well Better The best
Ex4: Nam drives as carefully as his father. Bad Worse The worst
2. Negative: Many/much More The most
not as/ so +adj/adv +as Little Less The least
far Farther/ further The farthest/ furthest
Ex1: He isn’t as/ so tall as I. V. Notes:
Ex2: She doesn’t speak English as/so well as her sister. ➢ When the adj ends in –e, we add –r for the comparative and -st for the
B Comparative: superlative.
1.Short adj/ adv: Ex: nice → nicer→ the nicest
adj/adv +er + than ➢ When the adj has a short vowel and one consonant we double the
Ex1: Today is hotter than yesterday. consonant.
Ex2: Nam studies harder than his older brother. Ex: fat → fatter → the fattest
2.Long adj/adv: ➢ When the adj ends in –y we change –y to i
More + adj/ adv + than Ex: easy → easier → the easiest
Ex1: Hoa is more beautiful than Lan. ➢ When two-syllable adj ends in –ow; -le; -et; -er, we consider them as one-
Ex2: He speaks English more fluently than you. syllable adj.
❖ INPERIOR COMPARISON WITH LONG ADJECTIVE AND Ex: clever→ cleverer Simple → simpler
ADERB Quiet → quieter Narrow→ narrower
( so sánh kém hơn với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài) )
S1 + V + LESS + ADJECTIVE + THAN + S2 IVX. BARE INF, TO INF AND V-ING
ADVERB ➢ Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought
to, had better + bare inf
Ex1 : He is less intelligent than Helen. ➢ Agree, intend, pretend, wish, stop, forget, want, refuse, decide, hope,
Ex2 : They sing less beautifully than Dan Truong. plan, offer, manage, agree, expect, promise, happen, threaten,would like,
* Note: Less is not used in superior comparison with short adjective and volunteer, tend, seem, hesitate …. + to inf
adverb ➢ like, love, enjoy, fancy, dislike, hate, detest (ghét), admit(chấp nhận),
( LESS không được dùng trong so sánh hơn với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ consider (suy nghĩ), avoid (tránh), be interested in, feel like ( cảm thấy
ngắn ) như), delay (hoãn lai), deny, forgive, finish, mind, mention, postpone,
Ex : Incorrect : This house is less large than that one. practise, stop, suggest (gợi ý), give up(từ bỏ), carry on/ go on, keep (on)
 (tiếp tục), put off (hoãn lai), can't stand, can't help, look forward to, It's Ex1: She forgot to write to me. ( Cô ta quên viết thư cho tôi) = She didn't
worth/ It's no use (good) … + Ving remember to write to me. ( Cô ta không nhớ viết thư cho tôi)
Notes Ex2: He forgot to do his homework.( Nó quên làm bài tập)
1. Try b. Forget doing sth ( quên rằng đã làm việc gì rồi)
a. Try to do sth ( Cố gắng làm gi) Ex: I'll never forget meeting the Queen. ( Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên chuyện
Ex: You should try to work hard. đã gặp Nữ hoàng)
b. Try doing sth ( thử làm gì) 7. VERB + OBJECT + to V:
Ex: I decided to try playing hockey. ( Tôi quyết định thử chơi môn hockey ) - advise: khuyên - instruct: dạy, chỉ thị
2. Allow - allow: cho phép - invite: mời
a. Allow sb to do sth ( Cho phép ai làm gì) - ask: yêu cầu - need: cần
Ex: They allow their children to watch TV in the evening. ( Họ cho phép con - beg: van xin - order: ra lệnh
của họ xem phim vào buổi tối) - cause: gây, làm cho - permit: cho phép
b. Allow doing sth ( Cho phép làm gì) - challenge: thách thức - persuade: thuyết phục
Ex: They don't allow smoking here. ( Họ không cho phép hút thuốc ở đây) - convince: thuyết phục - remind: nhắc nhở
3. Stop - dare: thách - require: đòi hỏi/ yêu cầu
a. Stop doing sth ( Dừng làm gì) - encourage: khuyến khích - teach: dạy
- expect: mong - tell: bảo, nói
Ex: They stopped playing football when it rained. ( Họ ngừng chơi bóng
- forbid: cấm - urge: thúc giục
khi trời mưa)
- force: buộc - want: muốn
b. Stop to do sth ( Dừng lại để làm một việc gì khác) - hire: thuê - warn: cảnh báo
Ex: They felt tired. They decided to stop to have some drinks. (Họ cảm thấy
mệt. Họ quyết định dừng lại để uống chút gì đó)
4. Regret
a. Regret to do sth ( Lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì)
Ex: I regret to tell / inform you that ....
say that (Tôi lấy làm tiếc khi phải nói / thông báo rằng ....)
b. Regret doing / not doing sth ( Tiếc đã làm / đã không làm gì)
Ex1: I regret telling her about that. ( Tôi tiếc đã nói với cô ta về điều đó)
Ex2: Mike regretted not working hard before. ( Mike thấy tiếc là trước đây đã
không học hành chăm chỉ )
5. Remember
a. Remember to do sth ( Nhớ phải làm gì)
Ex1: I didn't remember to lock the door. ( Tôi không nhớ là phải khóa cửa)
Ex2: He didn't remember to post the letter for me. ( Anh ấy không nhớ gửi
thư hộ tôi)
b. Remember doing sth ( Nhớ rằng đã làm một việc gì rồi)
Ex1: We remember lending Mr Ba the book. ( Chúng tôi nhớ là đã cho ông
Ba mượn sách)
Ex2: I remember his telling me about it. ( Tôi nhớ là hắn đã kể cho tôi về
chuyện đó )
6. Forget
a. Forget to do sth ( Quên phải làm gì)