CẢU BỊ ĐỘNG - PASSIVE VOICES

I. LÍ THUYẾT
1. Cách chuyển
Chủ động (Active): Subject + Verb + Object

Bị động (Positive): Subject + Verb + by Object

(tobe + V-ed/ V3)
Ex: They planted a tree in the garden.
 A tree was planted in the garden (by them).
2. Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
 Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động.
 Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động rồi chuyển động từ về thể bị động theo công thức (tobe + V-ed/ V3).
 Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía trước.
3. Bảng quy đổi các thì ở thể bị động

Thì Chủ động (A) Bị động (P)

Hiện tại đơn S + V-inf/ s/ es + O S + am/ is/ are + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

S + am/ is/ are + being + V-ed/ V3 +

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/ is/ are + V-ing + O
(by O)

S + have/ has + been + V-ed/ V3 + (by

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + V-ed/ V3+ O
O)

Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed/ V2 + O S + was/ were + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

S + was/ were + being + V-ed/ V3 + (by

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/ were + V-ing + O
O)

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V-ed/ V3 + O S + had + been + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

S + will + be + V-ed/ V3 +
Tương lai đơn S + will + V-inf + O
(by O)

Động từ khuyết thiếu S + ĐTKT + V-inf + O S + ĐTKT + be + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

4. Lưu ý
 Không dùng "By + tân ngữ" nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động có tính mơ hồ, chung chung (people, something, someone,
they, etc)
Ex: Someone stole my motorbike last night.
 My motorbike was stolen last night.
 Nếu S trong câu chủ động là: I, you, we, they, he, she => có thể bỏ đi trong câu bị động nếu ta không muốn đề cập tới chủ
thể gây ra hành động.
Ex: My father waters this flower every morning.
 This flower is watered (by my father) every morning.
 Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by”, nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”.
Ex: The bird was shot by the hunter.
The bird was shot with a gun.
 Trong câu chủ động nếu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn khi chuyển sang câu bị động sẽ có dạng:
trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by + trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: Hoa is making a cake in the kitchen now.
  A cake is being made in the kitchen by Hoa now.
5. Những trường hợp đặc biệt
a. Câu bị động với động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến
Các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến là: say (nói rằng)/ think (nghĩa rằng)/ believe (tin rằng)/ report (thông báo rằng)/ consider (xem
xét rằng)/ suppose (cho rằng), …

(A) S1 (people/ they) + V1 (say/ think/ believe...) + (that) + S2 + V2.

(P)
C1: It + tobe + V1 (ed/ V3) + that + S2 + V2.
(said/ thought/ believed…)
C2: S2 + tobe + V1 (ed/ V3) + to V (nếu V1 và V2 cùng thì).
(said/ thought/ believed…)
to have +V2-ed/V3 (nếu V1 và V2 khác thì)

to be V2-ing (nếu V2 là thì tiếp diễn)

Ex1: People said that he was nice to his friends.

Cách 1: It was said that he was nice to his friends.
Cách 2: He was said to be nice to his friends.
Ex2: People think he stole his mother’s money.
Cách 1: It is thought that he stole his mother’s money.
Cách 2: He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money.
Ex3: They reported that the troops were coming.
Cách 1: It was reported that the troops were coming.
Cách 2: The troops was reported to be coming.

b. Câu bị động với động từ chỉ sự nhờ vả, sai khiến

Active Passive
S + have + sb + V + sth. S + have + sth + Ved/ V3 + (by + sb)
S + get + sb + to V + sth. S + get + sth + Ved/ V3 + (by + sb)
S + make + sb + V + sth Sb + tobe made + to V + sth + (by sb)

Ex1: Thomas has his son buy a cup of coffee.

 Thomas has a cup of coffee bought by his son.
Ex2: Shally got her husband to clean the kitchen for her.
 Shally got the kitchen cleaned by her husband.
Ex3: Suzy makes the hairdresser cut her hair.
 The hairdresser is made to cut the hair by Suzy.

1. Bài tập áp dụng: Chuyển những câu sau sang câu bị động
1. We don't use this kind of cloth to make shirts.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
2. My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
3. You mustn't use this machine after 5.30 o'clock.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
4. Somebody has taken my briefcase.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
5. Tom was writing two poems.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
6. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
8. The teacher returned our written work to us.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
9. The children are going to organize a surprise party.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................
10. She often takes her dog for a walk every morning.
 ....................................................................................................................................................................

A. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG

Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động
1. Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
Our teacher .....................................................................................................................................................
2. They expected me to finish my work early.
They expected .................................................................................................................................................
3. Is she making big cakes for the party?
Are ...................................................................................................................................................................
4. The house needs cleaning.
The house .......................................................................................................................................................
5. It was impossible to preserve river water in the past.
River ...............................................................................................................................................................
6. He made me stay outside yesterday.
I .......................................................................................................................................................................
7. The teacher let us go home early last week.
We ...................................................................................................................................................................
8. He had the waiter carry the luggage home.
He had .............................................................................................................................................................
9. I got the postman to post the letter for me.
I got .................................................................................................................................................................
10. Turn on the lights!
The lights ........................................................................................................................................................
11. They know that English is an international language.
English ............................................................................................................................................................
12. Don't do that silly thing again.
Don't let ..........................................................................................................................................................
13. We'll continue to use this phone.
This phone ......................................................................................................................................................
14. Did people make jeans two hundred years ago?
Were................................................................................................................................................................................................?
15. They opened the road 10 years ago.
The road ..........................................................................................................................................................

16. We expected them to forgive us.

We. .................................................................................................................................................................
17. You should open the wine 3 hours before you use it.
The ..................................................................................................................................................................
18. It's your duty to make tea for the party.
You .................................................................................................................................................................
19. The man gave me a piece of paper with his address on it.
I .......................................................................................................................................................................
20. The teacher is watching them work.
They ................................................................................................................................................................
21. What subjects have people discussed today?
What ...............................................................................................................................................................
22. The boy broke the window and took away some pictures.
The window ....................................................................................................................................................
23. It is impossible to solve this problem immediately.
This problem ...................................................................................................................................................
24. She wishes someone to carry her luggage to the hotel.
She wishes ......................................................................................................................................................
25. They are going to repair the bridge next month.
We are .............................................................................................................................................................
26. They enjoy their parents taking them to the zoo.
They enjoy ......................................................................................................................................................
27. People supposed that the lion had escaped from the cage.
The lion ...........................................................................................................................................................
28. I saw them playing football in the park.
They ................................................................................................................................................................
29. The teacher is correcting her essay.
She ..................................................................................................................................................................
30. I remembered Nam offering me a beautiful present on my birthday.
I remembered ..................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 2: Chọn phương án đúng để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau đây
1. When in international trade, letters of credit are very convenient.
A. using B. are used C. used D. they used

2. The 26th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum (APPF) in Hanoi, our
beautiful and peaceful capital city, from January 18th to 21st, 2O18.
A. was held B. is held C. is being held D. will be held
3. We were made hard when we were at school.
A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied
4. Her fiance is said from Harvard University five years ago.

A. having graduated B. to have graduated C. being graduated D. to be graduated

5. Only one of our gifted students to participate in the final competition.
A. was choosing B. chosen C. has been chosen D. have been chosen
6. They cancelled all flights because of fog.
A. All flights were cancelled by them of fog.
B. All flights were because of fog were cancelled.
 C. All flights were because of fog cancelled.
D. All flights were cancelled because of fog.
7. This building finished by the end of last year but there have been so many strikes that it isn't finished yet.
A. will have been B. should have been
C. was to have been D. may not have been
8. As a small boy, he was used to alone in the house for an hour or two.
A. being left B. leaving C. be left D. leave
9. DNA tests accepted in court eases.
A. are known B. were used C. have been D. will have
10. Ann hoped to join the private club. She could make important business contact here.
A. being invited B. to invite C. to be invited D. inviting
11. Despite their normal cylindrical form, some of the documents on silk that were found at
Mawangdui, an archaeological site in southeastern China, were folded into rectangles.
A. wrote B. written C. were written D. be written
12. The boy by the teacher yesterday.
A. punished B. was punished C. punish D. punishing
13. Robots will even everywhere in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops, and homes.
A. seen B. see C. saw D. be seen
14. We don't allow anyone to use their cell phones during the examination.
A. Nobody is allowed to use their cell phones during the examination.
B. Nobody is allowed using their cell phones during the examination.
C. Nobody isn't allowed to use their cell phones during the examination.
D. Nobody isn't allowed using their cell phones during the examination.
15. Everyone likes when they have got some success.
A. to be congratulated B. being congratulated
C. to be congratulating D. to congratulate
16. This is the latest news from earthquake site. Two- thirds of the city in a fire.
A. has been destroyed B. have been destroyed
C. were destroyed D. was destroyed
17. References in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used C. didn't used D. are not used
18. Her watch needs
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. repairing/to be repaired
 19. There's somebody behind us. I think we are
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
20. Have you by a dog?
A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit
21. The room is being at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean
22. It that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected
23. I'll get Minh this for you.
A. do B. done C. did D. to do
24. Those letters now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn’t to typing
25. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing"- “Thanks, it especially for me by a French tailor."
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made

Exercise 3: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. She expects (promote) soon, but things seem to go wrong.
2. The children were made (go) to bed at 10:00 pm.
3. The parcel is supposed (deliver) this evening.
4. The children agreed (divide) the candy equally.
5. I expected (invite) to the party, but I wasn't.
6. The man was heard (say) goodbye to the host in Chinese.
7. A strange man (watch) coming into your house at the time.
8. I don't enjoy (laugh) at by other people.
9. I don't appreciate (interrupt) when I'm speaking.
10. Trees (plan) since it stopped raining. 
11. The house (build) two years ago.
12. We can't go along here because the road (repair) now.
13. We (wake) by a loud noise last night.
14. Today, many serious childhood diseases (can prevent) by early immunization.
15. The telephones (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell.
16. Lots of houses (destroy) by the earthquake last week.
17. Gold (discover) in California in the 19th century.
18. The preparation (finish) by the time the guests arrived.
19. He had the chair (mend) by the neighbors.
20. Let your book (open)
21. It's impossible (rebuild) the school.
22. They suggested that the test (make) easier.
23. I wish traffic regulation (obey)
24. It (think) that she will win the contest.
25. The man is rumored (steal) money from the bank 2 days ago.

MORE EXERCISES:
BT 1. Chuyển các câu sau thành câu bị động
1. Mary types letters in the office.

…………………………………………………………………...…………………………….
2. His father will help you tomorrow.

……………………………………………………………………………………..…………..
3. Peter broke this bottle.

………………………………………………………………...……………………………….
4. They are learning English in the room.

……………………………………………………………..…………………………………..
5. No one had told me about it.

…………………………………………………………..……………………………………..
6. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.

…………………………………………………………..……………………………………..
7. Somebody has taken some of my books away.

…………………………………………………………..……………………………………..
8. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.

…………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
9. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.

……………………………………..…………………………………………………………..
10. You mustn't use this machine after 5:30 p.m.

………………………………………..………………………………………………………..
11. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
…………………………………………….…………………………………………………
12. Did the teacher give some exercises?
……………………………………….………………………………………………………
13. Is she making big cakes for the party?
………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
14. Must we finish the test before ten?
………………………………….……………………………………………………………
15. Have you finished your homework?

…………………………………….…………………………………………………………
16. Where do people speak English?
…………………………………….…………………………………………………………
17. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
………………………………………...…………………………………………………………
18. What time will Tom finish this English test?
……………………………………………...……………………………………………………
19. How can they open this safe?
……………………………………………..………………………………………………………
20. How did the police find the lost man?
…………………………………………….……………………………………………………….
BT 2. Chuyển các câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động (2 cách)

1. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

 ………………………………….……………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. They say that John is the brightest student in class.

……………………………………………….………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. They declared that she won the competition.

……………………………………………………….………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. They rumored the man was still living.

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. They reported that the troops were coming.

……………………………………………………….………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. People rumored that there was a ghost in that house.

…………………………………………………….…………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

8. They claimed that everything they said was true.

……………………………………………………….………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. They don’t think that this camera costs that much.

………………………………………………………………….……………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

10. People didn’t expect that the building collapsed after the storm.

………………………………………………………………….……………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

BT 3. Chuyển các câu sau thành câu bị động chỉ sự nhờ vả

1. They have her tell the story again.

….……………………………………………………………………………………………
 2. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
….……………………………………………..………………………………………………
3. Anne had had a friend type her composition.
….……………………………………..………………………………………………………
4. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
….………………………………………….…………………………………………………
5. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
….…………………………………………….………………………………………………
6. He had a mechanic repair his car.
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
7. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
8. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
9. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
10. I must have the dentist check my teeth.
….……………………………………………………………………………………………

BT 4. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. We can’t go along here because the road ____________.
A. is repairing         B. is repaired        C. is being repaired        D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read ____________Agatha Christie.
A. was written        B. was written by         C. was written from        D. wrote by

3. I’m going to go out and ____________.

A. have cut my hair        B. have my hair cut        C. cut my hair         D. my hair be cut
4. Something funny ____________ in class yesterday.
A. happened         B. was happened        C. happens         D. is happened
5. Some film stars ____________ difficult to work with.
A. are said be         B. are said to be        C. say to be        D. said to be

6. Today, many serious childhood diseases ____________ by early immunization.

A. are preventing        B. can prevent        C. can be prevented     D. prevent
7. Do you get your heating ____________ every year?
A. checking         B. check         C. be checked        D. checked
8. All bottles ____________ before transportation.
A. frozen        B. was frozen        C. were frozen        D. are froze
9. The telephones ____________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented         B. is inventing        C. invented        D. was invented
10. They’ve already____________, sir. They’re on your desk.
A. typed         B. been being typed         C. being typed         D. been typed
11. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It ____________ of cotton.
A. be made        B. are made         C. is made        D. made
12. They had a boy ____________ that yesterday.
A. done         B. to do        C. did         D. do
13. We got our mail ____________ yesterday.
A. been delivered         B. delivered         C. delivering         D. to deliver
14. Mr. Wilson is ____________ as Willie to his friend.
A. known         B. knew         C. is known        D. know
15. Have you ____________ by a dog?
A. bite        B. ever been bit       C. ever been bitten        D. bit
16. The room is being ____________ at the moment.
A. was cleaned        B. cleaned        C. cleaning        D. clean
17. It ____________ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected         B. was expected      C. are expected      D. expected
18. It is ____________ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported         B. reports        C. reported        D. reporting
19. He was said ____________ this building.
A. designing         B. to have designed        C. to design        D. designed
20. Parrots and crows ____________ the most intelligent birds.
A. were considering         B. are considered         C. was considered       D. considered