Thì Chủ động
Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) + O
My brother often collects stamps.
(Anh tôi thường sưu tầm những con
tem)
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
She is drawing a picture.
(Cô ấy đang vẽ một bức tranh.)
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + V3 + O
They have built this house for 3 years.
(Họ đã xây dựng ngôi nhà này được
3 năm.)
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O
tiếp diễn She has been writing a letter
Quá khứ đơn S + V2 + O
She cooked this dish yesterday.
(Hôm qua cô ấy đã nấu món ăn này.)
Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O
Yesterday morning she was
cutting the grass.
(Sáng hôm qua cô ấy cắt cỏ)
Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V3 + O
I had done all of my homework by
8PM yesterday.
(Tôi đã hoàn thành tất cả các bài tập
về nhà của mình trước 8h tối hôm
qua.)
Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + been + V-ing + O
tiếp diễn She had been writing a letter.
Tương lai đơn S + will + V-infi + O
I will feed the dogs.
(Tôi sẽ cho con chó ăn)
Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will be + V_ing + O
Bị động
S + am/is/are + V3
Stamps are often collected by my brother.
(Các con tem thường được sưu tầm bởi anh tôi)
S + am/is/are + being + V3
A picture is being drawn by her.
(Một bức tranh đang được vẽ bởi cô ấy.)
S + have/has + been + V3
This house has been built for 3 years by them.
(Ngôi nhà này đã được xây dựng được 3 năm bởi
họ.)
S + have/ has + been + being + V3 + (by  + O)
A letter has been being written by her. 
S + was/were + V3
This dish was cooked yesterday by her.
(Món ăn này đã được nấu hôm qua bởi cô ấy.)
S + was/were + being + V3
The grass was being cut by her yesterday morning.
(Sáng hôm qua cỏ được cắt bởi cô ấy)
S + had + been + V3
All of my homework had been done by me by 8PM
yesterday.
(Tất cả bài tập về nhà của tôi đã được hoàn
thành trước 8h tối hôm qua.)
S + had + been + being + V3 + (by + O)
A letter had been being written by her
S + will + be + P2
The dogs will be fed.
(Con chó sẽ được tôi cho ăn)
S + will be +  being + V3 (+ by Sb/O)
 I will be washing dishes this time
tomorrow.
Dishes will be being washed by me this time
(Ngày mai tôi sẽ rửa chén)
tomorrow.
(Ngày mai chén sẽ được tôi rửa)

Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been + V3

They will have completed the task by The task will have been completed by the end of
the end of January. January.
(Họ sẽ hoàn thành bài tập vào cuối (Bài tập sẽ được họ hoàn thành vào cuối tháng 1)
tháng 1)

Tương lai gần S + am/is/are going to + V-infi + O S + am/is/are going to + be + V3

We are going to hold a party this A party is going to be held this year by us.
year. (Một bữa tiệc sẽ được tổ chức trong năm nay bởi
(Chúng tôi định sẽ tổ chức một bữa chúng tôi.)
tiệc trong năm nay.)

Động từ khuyết thiếu S + ĐTKT + Vnm + O S + ĐTKT + be + V3

Children should not eat too much fast Fast food should not be eaten too much by children.
food.     (Thức ăn nhanh không nên được ăn quá nhiều
(Trẻ em không nên ăn quá nhiều thức bởi trẻ em.)
ăn nhanh.)
Want to_V
Want to be V3
Need to_V
Need to be V3
Avoid V_ing
Avoid being V3

III. Các dạng câu bị động (Passive voice)

1. Câu bị động với các động từ có 2 tân ngữ như: give, lend, send, show, buy, make, get,… thì ta sẽ
có 2 câu bị động
Ví dụ:

He sends his relative a letter.

→ His relative was sent a letter.
→ A letter was sent to his relative

2. Câu bị động có động từ tường thuật

Động từ tường thuật: assume, think, consider, know, believe, say, suppose, suspect, rumour, declare, feel,
find, know, report,…

S: Chủ ngữ – S’: Chủ ngữ bị động

O: Tân ngữ – O’: Tân ngữ bị động

  S + V + that + S’ + V’ + O …

→ Cách 1: S + be + V_ed/V3 + to V’

→ Cách 2: It + be + V_ed/V3 + that + S’ + V’

Ví dụ:

People say that Adam is very rich.

→ Adam is said to be very rich.
→ It’s said that Adam is very rich.

3. Khi câu chủ động là câu nhờ vả với “have”, “get”, “make”…

S + have + Sb + V  + O …

→ S +  have + O + V3/V_ed + (by Sb)

Ví dụ:

Marie has her daughter buy a cup of coffee.

→ Marie has a cup of coffee bought by her daughter.

S + make … + Sb + V + O …

→ Sb + be + made + to V + O …

Ví dụ:

John makes the hairdresser cut his hair.

→ His hair is made to cut by the hairdresser.

S + get + Sb + to V + O… 

→ S + get + O + to be + V3/V_ed (by sb)

Ví dụ:

Julie gets her husband to clean the kitchen for her.

→ Julie gets the kitchen cleaned by her husband.

4. Khi câu chủ động là câu hỏi Y/N question:

Do/does + S + V-infi + O …?

→ Am/ is/ are + S’ + V3/V_ed + (by O)?

Ví dụ:

Do you clean your classroom?

→ Is your classroom cleaned (by you)?

Ví dụ:
Can you bring your workbook to my desk?
→ Can your workbook be brought to my desk?

Modal verbs + S + V-infi + O + …?

→ Modal verbs + S’ + be + V3/V_ed + by + O’?

Ví dụ:

Can you move the table?

→ Can the table be moved?

Have/has/had + S + Ved/P2 + O + …?

→ Have/ has/ had + S’ + been + V3/V_ed + by + O’?

Ví dụ:

Has she done her homework?

→ Has her homework been done (by her)?

5. Câu bị động với các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến như: think, say, suppose, believe, consider,
report…
Ví dụ:

People think she bought the flower in the opposite store.

→ It is thought that she bought the flower in the opposite store.
→ She is thought to have bought the flower in the opposite store.

6. Câu bị động với các động từ chỉ giác quan như: see, hear, watch, look, notice,…
Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra bị 1 hành động khác xen vào hoặc việc ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì
và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động.

S + be + V3/V_ed + Sb + V_ing (nhìn/ xem/ nghe… ai đó đang làm gì)

Ví dụ:

He watched them playing basketball.

→ They were watched playing basketball.

Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối.

S + be + V3/V_ed + Sb + V (nhìn/ xem/ nghe… ai đó làm gì)

Ví dụ:

I heard her cry.

→ She was heard to cry.

7. Khi câu chủ động là câu mệnh lệnh

Khẳng định: V + O → Let + O + be + V3/V_ed

Phủ định: Don’t  + V + O → Don’t let + O + be + V3/V_ed

Ví dụ:

Do the exercise!
→ Let the exercise be done!

EXERCISE 1: Choose the correct answer.

1. An old woman feeds the pigeons.

The pigeons ________________________

A. are fed B. were fed by an old woman.

2. A burglar broke the window.

The window _____________________

A. was broken B. is broken by a burglar.

3. Someone has made a mistake.

A mistake _______________________

A. was made B. has been made .

4. Everyone is going to love her.

She _____________________________

A. is going to be loved B. was going to be loved by everyone.

5. Cervantes wrote 'Don Quixote'.

'Don Quixote' _______________________

A. was written by Cervantes. B. has been written by Cervantes.

6. She is helping my sister.

My sister ________________

A. is helped B. is being helped by her.

7. Pamela will drive the bus.

The bus ____________________

A. will been driven B. will be driven by Pamela.

8. I was watering the plants.

The plants ___________________

A. were being watered B. are being watered by me.

Viết lại câu dưới dạng bị động:

1. My father waters this flower every morning.

2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.

3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.

4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.

5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.

6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.

7. Tom will visit his parents next month.

8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.

9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?

10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.

11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.

12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.

13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.

14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.

15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?

16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.

17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?

18. Are you going to repair those shoes?

19. He has broken his nose in a football match.

20. Have you finished the above sentences?

21. When will you do the work?

22. How are you going to deal with this problem?

23. How do you spend this amount of money?

24. I wonder whether the board of directors will choose Susan or Jane for the position.

25. How did the police find the lost man?

Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

2. Our friends send these postcards to us.

3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

5. You didn’t show me the special cameras.

6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

7. He lends his friend his new shoes.

8. She left her relatives five million pounds.

9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.

14. They keep this room tidy all the time.

15. They all voted the party a great success.

16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

17. They moved the fridge into the living room.

18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.

19. They find the new project worthless.

20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.

CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.

1. They told me that you were the best architect in this city.

2. She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.

3. Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.

4. That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.

5. He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.

6. They promise that the performance will start on time.

7. He recommends that we should stay at the city center.

8. We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.

9. The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.

10. They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.

11. They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.

12. People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.

13. They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.

14. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.

15. He told me that his football team had played well last season.