Passive voice (câu bị động)

Công thức chung:

S+BE+P2 + (by sb/O)
Lưu ý: P2 = Past Participle (động từ ở cột thứ 3)
Go – went – gone
See – saw – seen
Play – played – played
Let – let – let
Learn – learned – learnt/leanred
…
 Điều kiện để có thể biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động thành bị động:
 - V trong câu chủ động phải là Transitive Verb (Ngoại động từ: đòi hỏi có O theo sau, chỉ người)
 - Các O (trực tiếp, gián tiếp) phải được nêu rõ ràng.

 Vd: Transitive Verb (ngoại động từ)

I kissed her yesterday => sau “kiss” phải có một túc từ (Oject) theo sau là “her”, ta gọi đó là
Transitive verb.

Vd: Intransitive verb (nội động từ)
The bird flew => sau flew (V2 của Fly) không cần túc từ (Oject), ta gọi nó là Intransitive verb.
I sleep
 Ngoại động từ
- Cần Oject (chỉ người), trả lời cho câu: who, whom
- Có thể chuyển thành dạng bị động
Nội động từ
- Không cần Oject
- KHÔNG thể chuyển thành dạng bị động

Câu chủ động(active) => Câu bị động(passive)

S+V+O => S (O ở active) + be(chia theo O ở active) + V3 (+ by (S ở active))
Quy tắc:
Khi biến đổi 1 câu từ chủ động sang bị động ta làm theo các bước sau:
a. Xác định S, V, O và thì của V trong câu chủ động.
b. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau By trong câu bị động.
c. Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành P2 (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.
d. Thêm To be vào trước P2 trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời của V chính trong câu
chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).
Ex: Jim bakes this cake.
Phân tích:
Câu chủ động (Active)
S: Jim + V: bakes + O: this cake
Câu bị động (passive)
This cake is baked by Jim.
BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP 2 TÂN NGỮ
Trong đó : Oi = Indirect Object. (chỉ người)
Od = Direct Object.(chỉ vật)
Công thức:
S + V + Oi + Od
>>Bị động có 2 cách
1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od.
2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi.
( riêng động từ " buy" dùng giới từ " for" ).
VD1: My friend gave me a present on my birthday.
>>I was given a present on my birthday by my friend.
>> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday.
VD2: I bought my mom a new scarf.
>>My mom was bought a new scarf.
>> A new scarf was bought for my mom.
Thì Chủ động Bị động

S+V+O S + be + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)
Hiện tại đơn
My mother often washes dishes. Dishes are often washed by my mother.

S + am/ is/ are + Ving + O S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn
She is making a cake. A cake is being made by her.

S + have/ has + V3 + O S + have/ has + been + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Hiện tại hoàn thành
He has washed his car for hours. His car has been washed by him for hours.
Thì Chủ động Bị động

S + V-ed + O S + was/ were + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Quá khứ đơn My mother bought that washing machine inThat washing machine was bought by my
2010. mother in 2010.

S + was/ were + Ving + O S + was/ were + being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Quá khứ tiếp diễn Yesterday morning she was cutting theThe grass was being cut by her yesterday
grass. morning.

S + had + been + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

S + had + V3 + O
Quá khứ hoàn thành Lunch had been cooked by her before she
She had cooked lunch before leaving.
left.
Thì Chủ động Bị động
S + will V + O S + will be + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)
Tương lai đơn
I will feed the dogs. The dogs will be fed.

S + will be + being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

S + will be + Ving + O Dishes will be being washed by me this time
Tương lai tiếp diễn
I will be washing dishes this time tomorrow. tomorrow.

S + will have + V3 + O S + will have + been + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Tương lai hoàn thành They will have completed the assignment byThe assignment will have been completed by
the end of January. the end of January.
CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:
1/ It's your duty to+Vinf
-->bị động: You're supposed to+Vinf
VD: It's your duty to make tea today. >> You are supposed to make tea today.
2/ It's impossible to+Vinf
-->bị động: S + can't + be + P2
VD: It's impossible to solve this problem. >> This problem can't be solve.
3/ It's necessary to + Vinf
--> bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2
VD: It's necessary for you to type this letter. >> This letter should/ must be typed by you.
4/ Mệnh lệnh thức + Object.
--> bị động: S + should/must + be +P2.
VD: Turn on the lights! >> The lights should be turned on.
BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ

Chủ động Bị động

Have + sb + V Have + st + P2

Get + sb + to V Get + st + P2

I have my father repair my bike. >> I have my bike repaired by my father.

I get my father to wash my car. >> I get my car washed by my father.
Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.
1. The waiter brings me this dish. (Oi: me, Od: this dish)
=>This dish is brought to me by the waiter.
=> I am brought this dish by the waiter.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us. (Oi: us, Od: these postcards)
 These postcards are sent to us by our friends.
 We are sent these postcards by our friends.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
=>This story was told to them by their grandmother when they visited her last week.
=>They were told this story by their grandmother when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
=>This train ticket was ordered for his mother by Tim.
 Tim’s mother was ordered a ticket by him.
5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
=>Her ticket was shown to the airline agent by her.
=>The airline agent was shown the ticket by her.
6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.
=>This cake was baked by Jim yesterday.
7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.
=>A new apartment is going to be bought (by them) next year.
8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
=>These boxes were handed to the customer by the shop assistant.
=> The customer was handed these boxes by the shop assistant.
9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
=>The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board.
=> The reporter was awarded the first prize by the board.
10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
Have the Christmast cards been sent to your family?
Has your family been sent the Christmast cards yet?