TỔNG ÔN CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

A. LÝ THUYẾT
1. Cấu trúc bị động (Passive voice)
* Cấu trúc biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
      Chủ động:             S + V + O: She is cooking dinner.
 =>       Bị động:       S + be + V3 + (by + O): Dinner is being cooked (by her).
CHÚ Ý:
- TÂN NGỮ (O) trong câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ trong câu bị động.
- ĐỘNG TỪ (V) trong câu chủ động sẽ chuyển thành “be + V3”. Trong đó “be” chia theo thì và
chia theo chủ ngữ.
- CHỦ NGỮ (S) trong câu chủ động sẽ biến đổi thành tân ngữ và có giới từ “by” đằng trước (by
+ O).
Ví dụ:
-  Chủ động: They will sell their house next year.
                       S           V             O   
-> Bị động: Their house will be sold (by them) next year.
                              S        be + V3    by + O
*Cấu trúc câu bị động với các thì:

Các thì Chủ động Bị động

1. Hiện tại S + V(s/es) + O S+ is/am/are + V3 + (by + O)

đơn
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- Mary studies English every day. - English is studied by Mary everyday.

2. Hiện tại S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + V3 + (by + O)

tiếp diễn
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- He is planting some trees now. - Some trees are being planted (by him)
now.

3. Quá khứ S + V-ed + O S + was/were + V3 + (by + O)

đơn
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- She wrote a letter yesterday. - A letter was written (by her) yesterday.
4. Quá khứ S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were +being + V3 + (by + O)
tiếp diễn
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- They were buying a car at 9 am - A car was being bought at 9 am
yesterday. yesterday.

5. Hiện tại S + have/ has + V3 + O S + have/ has + been + V3 + (by + O)

hoàn thành
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- My parents have given me a new - A new bike has been given to me by my
bike on my birthday. parents on my birthday.
- I have been given a new bike by my
parents on my birthday.

6. Hiện tại S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O S + have/ has + been + being + V3 +
hoàn thành (by + O)
 
tiếp diễn
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
- This car has been being repaired by John
- John has been repairing this car for
for 2 hours.
2 hours.

7. Quá khứ S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + (by O)

hoàn thành
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- He had finished his report before - His report had been finished before 10
10 p.m yesterday. p.m yesterday.

8. Quá khứ S + had + been + V-ing + O S + had + been + being + V3 + (by + O)

hoàn thành
  Ví dụ:
tiếp diễn
Ví dụ: - The essay had been being typed for 3
hours before you came yesterday.
- I had been typing the essay for 3
hours before you came yesterday.

9. Tương lai S + will + V (nguyên thể) + O S + will + be + V3 + (by O)

đơn
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- She will do a lot of things - A lot of things will be done tomorrow.
tomorrow.

10. Tương S + will + be +V-ing + O S + will + be + being + V3 + (by O)

lai tiếp diễn
 Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- She will be taking care of her - Her children will be being taken care of
children at this time tomorrow at this time tomorrow.

11. Tương S + tobe + going to + V + O S + tobe + going to + be + V3 + (by O)

lai gần
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
- She is going to bake a cake. - A cake is going to be made by her.

12. Tương S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been + V3 + (by O)

lai hoàn
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
thành
-  She will have finished her - Her studying will have been finished by
studying by the end of this year. the end of this year.

13. Tương S + will + have + been + V-ing + O S + will + have +been + being + V3 + (by
lai hoàn O)
Ví dụ:
thành tiếp
Ví dụ:
diễn - I will have been teaching English
for 5 years by next week. - English will have been being taught by
me for 5 years by next week.

3. Các trường hợp đặc biệt

Dạng Chủ động Bị động
1. Động từ S + modal V + V + O S + modal V + be + V3 + (by O)
khuyết thiếu Ví dụ: can, may, must, should, Ví dụ:
could, ... English can be spoken fluently.
She can speak English fluently
2. Bị động S1 + V1 that S2 + V2... It + tobe + said/... that + S2 +V
tường thuật say, think, rumor, alledge, ... S2 + tobe said/... + to (have) V/V3
TH1: V1 và V2 cùng thì: TH1:
- People say that she works very hard. - It is said that she works very hard.
- She is said to work very hard.
TH2: V1 ở hiện tại, V2 ở quá khứ: TH2:
- People say that she worked very hard - It is said that she worked very hard.
last month. - She is said to have worked very
hard last month.
TH3: V1 ở quá khứ, V2 ở qkht TH3:
- Somebody said that she had worked -It was said that she had worked hard.
hard. -She was said to have worked hard.
VD: Somebody say that Peter stole 1: It is said that Peter stole your car.
your car. 2: Peter is said to have stolen your
car.
 3. Have/Get Have smb V smt Have smt V3 (by smb)
something Get smb to V smt Get smt V3 (by smb)
done (Nhờ ai, Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
có ai làm hộ - I have the mechanic fix my car every - I have my car fixed by the mechanic
cái gì) year. (Tôi có một anh thợ sửa xe giúp every year.
tôi hàng năm.) - She gets the TV turned on by her
- She gets her father to turn on the TV. father.
(Cô ấy nhờ bố bật ti vi lên.) I have my hair cut by the hairdresser.

I have the hairdresser cut my hair.

4. Mệnh lệnh Ví dụ: S + should/must +be + V3
thức - Clean the house! Ví dụ: The house must be cleaned
- Close the window The window should/must be closed.

*Lưu ý:
- Nếu chủ ngữ là các đại từ vô định như (somebody, they, anybody, people, everyone, ...) thì ta
không cần thêm (by + O) trong câu bị động.
E.g: Everyone speaks English fluently in the US.
=> English is spoken fluently in the US by everyone.
- Trường hợp trong câu có 2 tân ngữ, ta sẽ có 2 cách biến đổi tùy thuộc vào tân ngữ đó.
E.g: Sarah gave me an apple yesterday.
=> I was given an apple in the garden by Sarah yesterday /or/ An apple was
given to me yesterday.
+) Trong đó: “me” là tân ngữ gián tiếp; “an apple” là tân ngữ trực tiếp. Khi biến đổi với
tân ngữ trực tiếp ta cần giới từ đi kèm với động từ cho tân ngữ gián tiếp.
E.g: My mom bought me a book.
=> I was bought a book by my mom. / A book was bought for me by my mom.
- Trường hợp chuyển sang dạng bị động với các từ chỉ nhận thức (see, watch, hear, make, ...) ta
đổi như sau:
E.g 1: They made him do all the housework. (make smb + V)
=> He was made to do all the housework. (to be make + to V)
E.g 2: They see him steal your car.
=> He is seen to steal/stealing your car.
To V: cả hành động => He is seen to steal your car.
Ving: 1 phần hành động => He is seen stealing your car.
I hear somebody knocking the door.
B. Bài tập (LƯU Ý: WHERE by WHEN)
I. Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động
1. Mary types letters in the office.
2. His father will help you tomorrow.
3. Science and technology have completely changed human life.
4. Peter broke this bottle.
5. They are learning English in the room.
6. Nothing can change my mind. =>
7. No one had told me about it. =>
8. I don’t know her telephone number =>
9. My students will bring the children home. =>
10. They sent me a present last week. =>
II.  Chuyển các câu hỏi dạng đảo Có/Không sang câu bị động
11. Do they teach English here?
=>
12. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
=>
13. Has Tom finished the work? =>
14. Did the teacher give some exercises? =>
15. Have they changed the window of the laboratory? =>
16. Is she going to write a poem? =>
17. Is she making big cakes for the party? =>
18. Are the police making inquires about the thief? =>
19. Must we finish the test before ten? =>
20. Will buses bring the children home? =>
III.  Chuyển các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng từ hỏi “H/WH” sau sang câu bị động
21. Why didn’t they help him? =>
22. How many games has the team played? =>
23. Where do people speak English? =>
24. Who are they keeping in the kitchen? =>
25. How can they open this safe? =>
IV.  Chuyển các câu có 2 tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động (cả 2 cách)
26. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
=> 27. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.
=>
28. Someone will tell him that news. =>
29. They have sent enough money to those poor boys. =>
V.  Chuyển các câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động (cả 2 cách)
30. They think that he has died a natural death. =>
31. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number. =>
32. They say that John is the brightest student in class. =>
33. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack. =>
34. I knew that they had told him of the meeting. =>
35. They declared that she won the competition. =>
VI.  Chuyển các câu với động từ chỉ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động
36. I have heard her sing this song several times.
=>
37. People saw him stealing your car.
=>
38. The teacher is watching the work. =>
39. He won’t let you do that silly thing again. =>
40. People don’t make the children work hard. =>
VII.  Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
41. Toshico had her car (repair) by a mechanic.
42. Ellen got Marvin (type) her paper.
43. We got our house (paint) last week.
44. Dr Byrd is having the students (write) a composition.
45. Mark got his transcripts (send) to the university.
46. Maria is having her hair (cut) tomorrow.
47. Will Mr. Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car?