PASSIVE VOICE

(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

 
Eg: Active: Susan wrote a letter.
      Passive:A letter was written by Susan.
      Active: He has bought some books.
     Passive: Some books have been bought (by him).
 
II. Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:
Thì Chủ động Bị động

Hiện tại đơn S + VO/ S/ ES + O S + am/is/are + V3/ed + by + O

Quá khứ đơn S + V2/ed + O S + was/were + V3/ed + by + O

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + V3/ed + by + O

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V3/ed + by + O

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + has/have + V3/ed + O S + has/have + been + V3/ed + by + O

Qk hoàn thành S + had + V3/ed + O S + had + been + V3/ed + by + O

Tương lai đơn S + will/shall + V0 + O S + will + be + V3/ed + by + O

Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + V3/ed + O S + will + have + been + V3/ed + by + O

Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + Vo + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ed + by + O

Đt khiếm khuyết S + can/will/ must + Vo + O S + can/ will/ must + be + V3/ed + by + O

Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.

2. My mother wrote that letter.

3. They will build a new school here next month.

4. He is asking me a lot of questions.

5. She was doing her homework at that time.

6. My mother has made that cake.

7. They had prepared a party before we came.

8. Sue is going to write the book

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9. You must finish this report

NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me.
 I was punished by the teacher.
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year.
 This bridge was built last year (by them)
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ
chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
 I was bought a new shirt by my mother.
 A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody
nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story.
 His story isn’t believed.
5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex: I do my homework carefully.
 My homework is carefully done.
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O
Ex: I lent him money yesterday.
 He was lent money yesterday.
 Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.
 the gift was bought from that shop by Mary.

III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:

1. Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope,
know, understand…

KINDS FORMS
Active S1 + VS1 + that + S2 + VS2

It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + VS2

Passive

S2 + be V3/ ed + to V(S2)

to have V3/ ed

Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.

It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.
People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.

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 He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.
THE PASSIVE FORM OF INDIRECT SPEECH
Để chuyển một lời dẫn gián tiếp sang thể bị động, chúng ta có thể dùng những cấu trúc dưới đây:
Loại 1

S1 +V1(hiện tại)+ that+ S2+ V2(hiện tại)

→It + is + V1pp+ that + S2 + V2(hiện tại)
→S2 + is/are + V1pp + to-infinitive(of V2)

Ex1:
-People say that prevention is better than cure.
→It is said that prevention is better than cure.
→Prevention is said to be better than cure.
Ex2:
- People say that he is a good student.
→It is said that he is a good student.
→He is said to be a good student.
Loại 2

S1 +V1(hiện tại)+ that+ S2+ V2(quá khứ)

→It + is + V1pp+ that + S2 + V2(quá khứ)
→S2 + is/are + V1pp + to have + pp (of V2)

Ex3
- They say that three men were arrested after the murder.
→It is said that three men were arrested after the murder.
→Three men are said to have been arrested after the murder.
Loại 3

S1 +V1(quá khứ)+ that+ S2+ V2(quá khứ)

→It + was + V1pp+ that + S2 + V2(quá khứ)
→S2 + was/were + V1pp + to have + pp(of V2)

Ex4:
- Everybody believed that he had died of AIDS
→It was believed that he had dies of AIDS.
→He was believed to have died of AIDS.
Dạng động từ chỉ ý kiến: say - said, think - thought, report - reported, believe – belivedd, …

Active:      S1 + Va (say / said) + that + S2 + Vb

Passive:
Cách 1: Chủ ngữ giả It
It + be + Va + that + S2 + Vb

Cách 2: Chủ ngữ S2 to -V

S2 + be + Va +
to have V3
 To V:
 Vb: thì tương lai (will + Vbare)
 Va và Vb cùng thì

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  To have V3:
 Vb: thì HTHT, QKHT
 Va và Vb khác thì
Ex: People say that he has left.
    → ………………………………………………………………………………………………
    → ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: They think he is a good doctor.       
    → ………………………………………………………………………………………………
    → ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: They said that John was living in London.
    → ………………………………………………………………………………………………
    → ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ex: They expect that the price of oil will go down next month.
 →   ………………………………………………………………………………………………
 →   ………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get

VERBS KINDS FORMS

Active S + have +O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
Have
Passive S + have +O (thing) + V3/ed
Active S + get +O (person) + to V + O (thing)
Get
Passive S + get +O (thing) + V3/ed
Ex:
1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
I get some coffee made.

3. Verbs of perception (Động từ chỉ giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell…
Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing
Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing.

Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away
 The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away

4. Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive

Active: S + make + O + bare - infinitive
Passive: S + be + made + to - infinitive.
Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework.
 Students are made to do a lot of homework.
Active: S + let + O + bare infinitive
Passive: S + be + allowed + to - infinitive.
Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
 Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon.

5. Với động từ: want/ need + to + V  want/need + V-ing/to be + V-ed/V3

Ex: He needs you to believe his ability.
 He needs to be believed his ability.
Ex: They need to repaint the house .
 The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted
6. Remember/ hate/ keep…+ someone + V-ing.
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Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day.
 I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother.

7. Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh)

Active: Verb + object + adjunct
Passive: Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.
Ex1: Keep your hand clean
 Let your hand be kept clean.
Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her.
 Don’t let the secret be talked to her.
8. It is your duty to do something  You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là….)
Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors.
 You are supposed to lock all the doors.

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 EXERCISES

40. The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now.

→ Mary is having her hair ___________________________________________________
→ Mary is having the hairdresser ______________________________________________
41. People know that English is an international language.
→ It is known _____________________________________________________________
→ English is known ________________________________________________________
42. They said that she won the competition.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
43. They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
44. They need to clean the windows
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
45. I would like to give Mary a nice present.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
46. Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
47. It is your duty to lock all the doors.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
48. He suggested selling the radio
→ _______________________________________________________________________
49. Open your book, please!
→ _______________________________________________________________________
V. Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. People say that you send your application form to the university.
…………………………………………….……………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………….…………………………….……
2. They believed that he went abroad to study English.
……………………………………………………………….…………….………………………
……………………………………………………………….…………………….……………
3. People say that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built over a 20 – year period.
………………………………………………………………………….………….………………
……………………………………………………………….……………….……………………
4. They say that many people are homeless after the floods.
……………………………………………………………….………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………..
5. They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
……………………………………………………………….……………………………….…
……………………………………………………………….…………………………….……
6. People believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
……………………………………………………………….………………………….………
……………………………………………………………….………………………….………
People think that the government will build a supermarket here.
……………………………………………………………….………………..…………….……
……………………………………………………………….………………………….………
8. People say that three women were arrested after the explosion.
……………………………………………………………….………………………….………
……………………………………………………………….…………………………….……
9. They said that he spoke English very well.
……………………………………………………………….……………………….…………
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……………………………………………………………….……………………….…………
10. They say that he is 110 years old.
……………………………………………………………….……………………….…………
……………………………………………………………….……………………….…………